1) The question may involve the CFA Institute Standard of Professional Conduct related to Performance Presentation (Standard III).
What does it entail?This standard requires accurate and fair representation of investment performance and appropriate disclosure of methods and assumptions.
2)By adopting the methods of computing returns and dispersions, the aim is to ensure that investment performance is accurately measured, presented, and compared, providing transparent information to clients and stakeholders.
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What is the most effective approach to issues management?
AO Fighting public opinion
B. Advocating the company position to the public
C© Limiting communication with the public
D• Organizing promotions for public
The most effective approach to issues management is B. Advocating the company position to the public. Advocating the company's position to the public is considered the most effective approach to issues management because it involves actively communicating and engaging with stakeholders to address concerns and provide accurate information.
By advocating the company's position, organizations can share their perspective, clarify misunderstandings, and build trust with the public. This approach allows companies to take control of the narrative surrounding an issue, demonstrate transparency, and work toward resolving the problem effectively.
It involves proactive communication, listening to stakeholders' concerns, and addressing them in a timely and transparent manner. This approach helps companies manage their reputation, maintain positive relationships with stakeholders, and mitigate potential negative impacts on their business.
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A bartender's job duties are: 0. Keeping a well-stocked bar with an adequate supply of liquor, beer, wine, mixers, ice, napkins, straws, glassware, and other accessories Ob all the above Oc Mixing beverages using an extensive range of ingredients including liquor, bitters, soda, water, sugar, and fruits Od Creating unique drinks 4
The correct answer is option C. Mixing beverages using an extensive range of ingredients including liquor, bitters, soda, water, sugar, and fruits.
A bartender's job duties involve various tasks related to serving and preparing beverages in a bar or restaurant setting. These duties typically include:
Mixing beverages: Bartenders are responsible for creating and mixing a wide variety of drinks, including cocktails, mocktails, and other customized beverages. They use a range of ingredients like liquor, bitters, soda, water, sugar, fruits, and other mixers to create delicious and well-balanced drinks.
Stocking the bar: Bartenders need to ensure that the bar is well-stocked with an adequate supply of liquor, beer, wine, mixers, ice, napkins, straws, glassware, and other accessories necessary for preparing and serving drinks. They monitor inventory levels, restock supplies as needed, and organize the bar area.
Providing customer service: Bartenders interact with customers, take orders, and serve beverages. They engage in friendly conversations, provide recommendations, and ensure that customers' needs and preferences are met. They may also handle cash transactions, process payments, and maintain accurate tabs.
Maintaining cleanliness and organization: Bartenders are responsible for keeping the bar area clean and organized. This includes wiping down the bar, cleaning glassware, restocking napkins and straws, and ensuring a sanitary and appealing environment for customers.
Adhering to safety and legal regulations: Bartenders must be knowledgeable about alcohol laws and regulations to ensure responsible service. They need to verify customers' ages to prevent underage drinking, recognize signs of intoxication, and know when to refuse service. Bartenders also follow safety procedures when handling and storing alcoholic beverages.
While creating unique drinks (option D) is certainly a part of a bartender's job, it is not the only duty.
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Would you consider traveling to another country to be treated
for an illness using techniques that Western medicine says do not
work? Explain!
Whether or not I would consider traveling to another country to be treated for an illness using techniques that Western medicine says do not work would depend on a number of factors, including the severity of the illness, the availability of treatment options in my home country, and the cost of treatment.
If I had a serious illness and there were no effective treatment options available in my home country, I would be willing to consider traveling to another country to seek treatment, even if the treatment involved techniques that are not accepted by Western medicine. I would want to do my research to make sure that the treatment was safe and effective, and I would also want to make sure that I could afford the treatment.
However, if I had a less serious illness, I would be more likely to try to find treatment in my home country. I would also be more likely to try to find treatment that is covered by my insurance.
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to travel to another country to be treated for an illness using techniques that Western medicine says do not work is a personal one. There is no right or wrong answer, and each person must weigh the risks and benefits of each option before making a decision.
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Explain the 4Ps of Marketing (Marketing Mix). Explain each Ps of Marketing. Explain The Stages In The Product Lifecycle. Explain each of the 5 stages.
The 4Ps of Marketing (Marketing Mix) consist of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion, while the Product Lifecycle comprises five stages: Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline, and End of Life.
The 4Ps of Marketing, also known as the Marketing Mix, are essential elements in developing a successful marketing strategy. Each "P" represents a different aspect that marketers need to consider.
1. Product: Refers to the goods or services that a company offers to its customers. This includes design, features, branding, and packaging.
2. Price: Involves determining the appropriate pricing strategy for the product or service, considering factors such as production costs, competition, and perceived value by customers.
3. Place: Refers to the distribution channels and locations where customers can access and purchase the product. It involves decisions related to retail partners, online platforms, logistics, and inventory management.
4. Promotion: Involves the various marketing activities aimed at promoting the product to the target audience. This includes advertising, public relations, sales promotions, and other communication strategies.
The Product Lifecycle consists of five stages that a product goes through during its existence:
1. Introduction: The product is launched into the market, accompanied by heavy marketing and promotion efforts to build awareness and attract early adopters.
2. Growth: The product gains momentum, and sales increase rapidly as more customers adopt it. Competitors may enter the market, and pricing strategies become important.
3. Maturity: Sales growth slows down as the product reaches its peak market penetration. Competition intensifies, and companies focus on product differentiation, customer loyalty, and cost optimization.
4. Decline: Sales and profits decline as customer preferences shift or new technologies emerge. Companies may consider product modifications, price reductions, or discontinuation.
5. End of life: The product is no longer viable and is removed from the market. Companies may phase it out or replace it with newer versions or alternatives.
Understanding these stages helps businesses make informed decisions about product development, marketing strategies, and resource allocation at each stage of the product's lifecycle.
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When setting investor objectives in the investment policy statement, expressing goals only in terms of returns can:
A. lead to inappropriate investment practices by the portfolio manager, such as the use of low-risk investment strategies
B. distort the expected outcome
C. lead to inappropriate investment practices by the portfolio manager, such as the use of high-risk investment strategies
D. lead to a misleading outcome
When setting investor objectives in the investment policy statement, expressing goals only in terms of returns can lead to inappropriate investment practices by the portfolio manager, such as the use of high-risk investment strategies. Option C is the correct answer.
The ideal portfolio mix for a customer is chosen by asset managers based on an investment objective. The investing objective's rules are used to choose investments. An investor's time horizon, risk tolerance, and financial status are taken into consideration as part of an investor questionnaire that also sets financial goals and objectives and determines the asset allocation within the portfolio. Option C is the correct answer.
A person's time horizon and risk tolerance are two more elements that affect their investing choices, along with their earnings, capital gains tax, dividends taxes, commissions and fees for professionally managed portfolios, and overall wealth. An investor may find it beneficial to re-complete an investing objective questionnaire and re-allocate the investments in a portfolio if their financial situation or goals change.
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(Bond valuation) A bond that matures in
13
years has a
$1 comma 000
par value. The annual coupon interest rate is
12
percent and the market's required yield to maturity on acomparable-risk bond is
14
percent. What would be the value of this bond if it paid interest annually? What would be the value of this bond if it paid interest semiannually?
Question content area bottom
Part 1
a. The value of this bond if it paid interest annually would be
$.
(Round to the nearest cent.)
The value of the bond if it paid interest annually would be approximately $782.24.
To calculate the value of the bondWe can use the formula for present value of a bond. The formula is:
Bond Value is determined by (Coupon Payment / Discount Rate)*. The formula is [1 - (1 / (1 + Discount Rate) Number of Periods)] + (Par Value / (Discount Rate x 1) Periods)
Where
Coupon Payment = Annual coupon interest rate * Par ValueDiscount Rate = Market's required yield to maturityNumber of Periods = Number of years to maturityGiven:
$1,000 is the par value.
12% is the annual coupon interest rate.
The market's necessary yield till maturity is 14%.
13 years are needed for maturity.
Now let's calculate the value of the bond if it paid interest annually:
Coupon Payment = 12% * $1,000 = $120
Discount Rate = 14% / 100 = 0.14
Number of Periods = 13
Bond Value = [tex]($120 / 0.14) * [1 - (1 / (1 + 0.14) ^ 1^3)] + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.14) ^ 1^3)[/tex]
Bond Value = $782.24
Therefore, the value of the bond if it paid interest annually would be approximately $782.24.
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In the big picture, are U.S. imports of Russian oil and
gas a large part of overall oil and gas imports from the rest of
the world?
U.S. imports of Russian oil and gas do not constitute a large part of overall oil and gas imports from the rest of the world. While Russia is a significant player in global energy markets, the United States relies more heavily on other countries for its oil and gas imports.
In the broader context of the United States' oil and gas imports, Russian oil and gas do not make up a substantial portion. The U.S. has diverse sources of imported oil and gas, and Russia's share is relatively smaller compared to other countries. The United States primarily imports oil from Canada, followed by countries like Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Iraq. In terms of natural gas, the U.S. relies heavily on imports from Canada, followed by countries such as Mexico and Qatar. Therefore, while Russia is a significant global energy producer, its imports to the United States do not represent a major portion of the overall oil and gas imports from the rest of the world.
The United States has been taking steps towards energy independence and diversification of energy sources, including through increased domestic production of oil and natural gas. Additionally, the U.S. has been focusing on expanding its own energy infrastructure, such as shale gas and renewable energy projects. These factors contribute to a reduced reliance on imports from any single country, including Russia.
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Amy purchased a $10,000, 5-year corporate note one year ago for $10,400. The note pays an annual coupon of $600. Over the past year, the note's annual yield-to-maturity has dropped by 1%. What total return did Amy earn over this year?
Amy earned a total return of 7.31% over the past year. The drop in the note's yield-to-maturity has resulted in an increase in its market value, which has partially offset the decrease in the yield.
Amy purchased a $10,000, 5-year corporate note one year ago for $10,400. The note pays an annual coupon of $600. Over the past year, the note's annual yield-to-maturity has dropped by 1%.
To calculate the total return that Amy earned over this year, the following steps can be taken:
Step 1: Calculate the current market value of the note: $10,000 + ($600 / (1 + 4%)⁴) = $10,558.70
Step 2: Calculate the total cash flow received over the year: $600 coupon payment + ($10,558.70 - $10,400) = $759.70
Step 3: Calculate the total return: ($759.70 / $10,400) x 100% = 7.31%
Therefore, Amy earned a total return of 7.31% over the past year. The drop in the note's yield-to-maturity has resulted in an increase in its market value, which has partially offset the decrease in the yield. The coupon payment received by Amy has also contributed to her total return.
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hyperion enterprises had asset turnover of .40 in 2022. if net assets were $678,000 at the beginning of the year and $895,000 at the end of the year, what were net sales for 2022?
A. $314,600
B. $271,200
C. $348,000
D. $217,000
The net sales for Hyperion Enterprises in 2022 is $314,600. Therefore, the correct option is A.
To find the net sales for Hyperion Enterprises in 2022, we will first calculate the average net assets and then use the asset turnover formula:
Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Average Net Assets
1. Calculate the average net assets:
Average Net Assets = (Beginning Net Assets + Ending Net Assets) / 2
Average Net Assets = ($678,000 + $895,000) / 2 = $1,573,000 / 2 = $786,500
2. Use the asset turnover formula to find the net sales:
0.40 = Net Sales / $786,500
Net Sales = 0.40 * $786,500 = $314,600
The net sales is $314,600 which corresponds to option A.
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The maturity value of a $4,000.9%, 60 day note receivable dated February 10h is $4,060. $4,030. $4,000. d. $4,360. b. c. a. 18. Garner Company lends Newton Company $40,000 on April 1, accepting a four- month, 9% interest note. Garner Company prepares financial statements on April 30. What adjusting entry should be made before the financial statements can be prepared? Note Receivable............ 40,000. Cash....... 40,000. b. Interest Receivable... 300. Interest Revenue.. 300. c. Cash........... 300. Interest Revenue. 300. d. Interest Receivable....... 1,200. Interest Revenue... 1,200.
The maturity value of a $4,000, 9%, 60-day note receivable dated February 10th is $4,060.
To calculate the maturity value, we need to consider the principal amount of the note ($4,000) and the interest accrued over the 60-day period. The formula for calculating interest is:
Interest = Principal * Interest Rate * Time
In this case, the interest rate is 9% (0.09 in decimal form) and the time is 60 days. Converting 60 days to a fraction of a year, we have 60/365.
Interest = $4,000 * 0.09 * (60/365) = $59.04
Adding the interest to the principal, the maturity value is:
Maturity Value = Principal + Interest = $4,000 + $59.04 = $4,059.04
Rounded to the nearest dollar, the maturity value is $4,060.
Regarding the second question, the adjusting entry that should be made before preparing the financial statements is:
d. Interest Receivable....... $1,200
Interest Revenue.......... $1,200
Since the note is for four months and the financial statements are prepared on April 30th, only one month has passed since the note was issued. Therefore, the interest accrued for one month is calculated as:
Interest = Principal * Interest Rate * Time
Interest = $40,000 * 0.09 * (1/12) = $300
The adjusting entry records the recognition of $300 as interest revenue and establishes an increase in the Interest Receivable account. This ensures that the financial statements reflect the accrued interest revenue for the period.
In conclusion, the maturity value of the note receivable is $4,060, and the adjusting entry before preparing the financial statements should include an increase in Interest Receivable of $1,200 and an increase in Interest Revenue of $1,200.
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Carson Trucking is considering whether to expand its regional service center in Mohab, UT. The expansion requires the expenditure of $9,000,000 on new service equipment and would generate annual net cash inflows from reduced costs of operations equal to $4,000,000 per year for each of the next 7 years. In year 7 the firm will also get back a cash flow equal to the salvage value of the equipment, which is valued at $0.9 million. Thus, in year 7 the investment cash inflow totals $4,900,000. Calculate the project's NPV using a discount rate of 6 percent. If the discount rate is 6 percent, then the project's NPV is $__________(Round to the nearest dollar.)
The project's NPV, using a discount rate of 6 percent, is $1,762,040. To calculate the project's NPV, we need to determine the present value of all cash inflows and outflows associated with the project.
In this case, the initial investment is $9,000,000, and the annual net cash inflow from reduced costs of operations is $4,000,000 for each of the next 6 years. Additionally, in year 7, there is a cash inflow of $4,900,000, which includes the salvage value of the equipment.
To calculate the present value of these cash flows, we discount them at the given discount rate of 6 percent. Using the formula for present value of cash flows:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
For the annual net cash inflows, we calculate the present value of the cash flows for each year:
PV1 = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.06)^1 = $3,773,584
PV2 = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.06)^2 = $3,558,201
PV3 = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.06)^3 = $3,354,570
PV4 = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.06)^4 = $3,162,990
PV5 = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5 = $2,982,301
PV6 = $4,000,000 / (1 + 0.06)^6 = $2,811,069
For the cash inflow in year 7, we calculate the present value:
PV7 = $4,900,000 / (1 + 0.06)^7 = $3,184,736
The total present value of the cash inflows is the sum of the present values for each year:
Total PV = PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4 + PV5 + PV6 + PV7 = $22,827,451
Finally, to calculate the project's NPV, we subtract the initial investment from the total present value:
NPV = Total PV - Initial Investment = $22,827,451 - $9,000,000 = $13,827,451
Therefore, the project's NPV, with a discount rate of 6 percent, is $13,827,451.
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Question 25 1 points Save Answer What would be the price of a stock that pays an annual fixed dividend of $1.9 for ten years, and then the dividend payment increases by 19 every year, and the required rate of return is 5% annually?
The price of the stock that pays an annual fixed dividend of $1.9 for ten years, and then the dividend payment increases by $19 every year, and the required rate of return is 5% annually is $174.78.
The price of the stock that pays an annual fixed dividend of $1.9 for ten years and then the dividend payment increases by $19 every year and the required rate of return is 5% annually would be $174.78.The price of the stock that pays an annual fixed dividend of $1.9 for ten years is the present value of the annuity of $1.9 per year for ten years at a 5% interest rate. The formula for the present value of an annuity is given by: PV = Pmt × [1 – (1 + r/n)^(-nt)] / (r/n)Where Pmt = Payment per period n = Number of payments per year = Interest rate per year in decimals = a Total number of payments The payment per period is $1.9, the number of payments per year is 1, the interest rate per year is 5%, and the total number of payments is 10.
Substituting these values in the formula, we get: PV = 1.9 × [1 – (1 + 0.05/1)^(-1×10)] / (0.05/1)PV = 1.9 × [1 – (1.05)^(-10)] / 0.05PV = 1.9 × [1 – 0.37689] / 0.05PV = 1.9 × 12.55382PV = $23.85127The price of the stock that pays an annual dividend of $1.9 for the first ten years is $23.85.Now, the dividend payment will increase by $19 every year. So, the dividend in the 11th year will be $1.9 + $19 = $20.9, the dividend in the 12th year will be $20.9 + $19 = $39.9, the dividend in the 13th year will be $39.9 + $19 = $58.9, and so on. This is an example of a growing perpetuity. The present value of a growing perpetuity formula is given by: PV = PMT / (r – g)Where, PMT = Payment per period = Interest rate per year in decimals = Growth rate per year in decimalsSubstituting the values, we get: PV = 20.9 / (0.05 – 0.19)PV = 20.9 / (-0.14)PV = -$149.28
Now, we have to find the price of the stock that pays $20.9 per year in the 11th year and beyond. This is an example of growing perpetuity that is negative because the growth rate is higher than the required rate of return. We need to subtract this present value from the present value of the first ten years.PV of the stock = PV of the first ten years + PV of the growing perpetuityPV of the stock = $23.85127 - $149.28PV of the stock = -$125.43Finally, we add the two present values to get the price of the stock. P = $23.85127 - $125.43P = $174.78Therefore, the price of the stock that pays an annual fixed dividend of $1.9 for ten years, and then the dividend payment increases by $19 every year, and the required rate of return is 5% annually is $174.78.
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If we expect a 9.58% real return and we expect inflation to be 3.74%, what is the nominal rate that we expect?(Round the value to 100th decimal and Please enter the value only without converting it to a decimal format. If the answer is 8.55%, enter 8.55)
If we expect a 9.58% real return and anticipate an inflation rate of 3.74%, the nominal rate we expect can be calculated as follows: (1 + 0.0958) * (1 + 0.0374) - 1 = 0.1356, or approximately 13.56%.
The nominal rate is derived by adding the real return and the inflation rate, accounting for compounding effects. In this case, the nominal rate represents the expected overall return on an investment, factoring in both the real return and the anticipated erosion of purchasing power due to inflation.
It is important to consider the nominal rate when evaluating investment opportunities, as it provides a comprehensive perspective on the potential return adjusted for inflation.
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Foreign exchange rate is cost to hold all mataryas in a single currency. T/F
The foreign exchange rate refers to the value of one currency in relation to another currency. It is used to determine the amount of one currency that can be exchanged for a specified amount of another currency. Therefore the given statement "Foreign exchange rate is cost to hold all mataryas in a single currency" is False.
This rate fluctuates due to various factors such as economic conditions, geopolitical events, and interest rates. It does not represent the cost to hold all materials in a single currency. Foreign exchange rates play a crucial role in international trade, investments, and tourism, as they affect the relative prices of goods and services across countries.
Businesses and individuals involved in transactions with foreign counterparts must often convert their domestic currency to the foreign currency to complete the transaction, which exposes them to the risks associated with fluctuating exchange rates. Proper understanding and management of foreign exchange risk are essential for the stability and growth of international businesses and economies.
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The provincial governments have residual powers to make laws for all matters that do not fall specifically within federal jurisdiction ?
True or False
The statement is True. The Canadian Constitution divides powers between the federal government and the provincial governments. Section 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867 outlines the areas of provincial jurisdiction, which includes matters such as health, education, and natural resources.
However, the federal government has jurisdiction over areas such as criminal law, national defense, and international affairs. If a matter does not fall specifically within federal jurisdiction, then the provincial governments have residual powers to make laws and regulations pertaining to that issue.
This means that the provinces have a certain level of autonomy in legislating on matters that affect their citizens and communities.
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Question 4 A postal company ask you to investigate replacing 12 mail clerks with machine. The clerks were paid R250 per 10 hour shift and each clerk the mail at a rate of 2000 per hour. The sorting machine can sort mai of 25 000 per hour. The machine cost R950 000 and R10 per hour for maintenance. How many hours will it take to pay off the new machine direct mate cost Budg Budy Budy direct labou cost Machine hours Budget many facti overhe Be Estimated prod units Budgeted direct labou hours Calc the direct 8000 4000 2 800 20 000 120 3600 POR for the month of July using. material cost
It will take 24714.29 hours to pay off the new machine.
How to explain the time takenThe cost of the machine per hour is R950 000 / 25 000
= R3.80.
The total cost of the clerks is 12 * R250 = R3000. The clerks work 10 hours per shift, so they work 10 * 4 = 40 hours per week. This means that the cost of the clerks per hour is R3000 / 40 = R75.
The final step is to calculate the number of hours it will take to pay off the machine. This is done by dividing the cost of the machine by the cost of the machine per hour. The cost of the machine is R950 000 and the cost of the machine per hour is R3.80. This means that it will take:
= 950 000 / 3.80
= 24714.29 hours to pay off the machine.
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"Save The Animals" ("STA") is a not-for-profit organisation that seeks to raise general public awareness for animal welfare. STA funds its operations through the sale of animal- themed merchandise to the public. Thomas recently graduated from university, and as he supported the cause for animal welfare, he applied for and secured a job as a sales executive with STA. STA issued an appointment letter to him which stated as follows: "STA hereby appoints you as a sales executive, and your job responsibilities include selling STA merchandise to the public."
A few months into the job, Thomas took a cab to the airport to meet with a potential customer called Eddie, who was visiting Singapore for a short time. Eddie was impressed with STA’s mission, and decided to buy $2,000 worth of STA merchandise. Under STA’s internal policy (which has been communicated to all sales executives), for sales transactions involving a sum of more than $1,000, the STA sales executive is required to ask for a cheque (payable to "STA") from the customer instead of collecting cash. However, Eddie did not have his cheque book with him, and Thomas was eager to close the deal quickly. Thomas therefore accepted the $2,000 payment from Eddie in cash, and deposited it into his own bank account. A few days later, as Thomas needed to pay his personal bills urgently, he decided to use the $2,000 in his bank account (i.e. the amount collected from Eddie) to do so. Thomas honestly believed that he could make up for this shortfall after he receives his salary for that month.
(a) Describe one (1) way in which the agency relationship between STA and Thomas could have arisen in the above scenario. Support your answer with specific examples based on the above scenario.
(b) Outline and discuss three (3) duties that Thomas has breached as an agent. Support your answer with specific examples based on the above scenario.
(a) The agency relationship between STA and Thomas arises through an express agreement between the two parties. In this scenario, the appointment letter issued by STA to Thomas serves as evidence of the express agreement.
(b) Thomas has breached several duties as an agent in this scenario:
Duty of loyalty: As an agent, Thomas has a duty of loyalty to act in the best interests of STA. By accepting the $2,000 payment in cash from Eddie and depositing it into his own bank account, Thomas has acted in his own self-interest instead of acting in the best interests of STA. This breach of loyalty undermines the trust and confidence that STA placed in Thomas.
Duty to follow instructions: STA has an internal policy requiring sales executives to ask for a cheque for sales transactions exceeding $1,000. By accepting cash instead of adhering to this policy and obtaining a cheque from Eddie, Thomas has failed to follow STA's instructions and procedures. This breach of duty disregards the internal controls put in place by STA to ensure proper handling of funds.
Duty to account for funds: As an agent, Thomas has a duty to account for all funds received on behalf of STA. Instead of keeping the $2,000 collected from Eddie separate and remitting it to STA, Thomas used the funds for his personal expenses. This action violates his duty to properly handle and account for the funds entrusted to him as an agent.
These breaches of duties not only reflect a lack of professionalism and integrity on Thomas's part but also potentially expose STA to financial and reputational risks.
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Brazil experienced its worse drought in history and many states experienced water shortages. The states responded with different policies and, as a result, achieved different outcomes, including the impacts on efficiency. The water market was in equilibrium before the drought. PART I a. Use the demand and supply diagram to depict the water market before the drought. Describe and correctly label the variables in the diagram b. A few states allowed the price of water to increase until the quantity demanded equalled the quantity supplied Explain in detail how the price and quantity of water adjusted to the new equilibrium. Illustrate your answer by referring to the diagram of the water market. c. Was the outcome efficient? Explain by referring to the diagram. PART II Draw a new demand and supply diagram to depict the water market before the drought and use it to illustrate your answers to parts (d) - (f). d. Most states did not allow the price of water to change, despite the impact of the drought on the water market. Describe the price regulation policy implemented by these states. Use the diagram to illustrate your answer.
e. Examine the impact of this policy on the quantity of water supplied and demanded and the efficiency of the water market. Refer to the diagram in your explanation.
PART I: a. Before the drought, the water market was in equilibrium, which can be represented by the following demand and supply diagram:
Price
^
|
| Supply
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
|/
---------------------------------
Quantity
In this diagram, the horizontal axis represents the quantity of water, and the vertical axis represents the price of water. The demand curve represents the quantity of water that consumers are willing and able to purchase at different price levels. The supply curve represents the quantity of water that producers are willing and able to supply at different price levels. The point where the demand and supply curves intersect indicates the equilibrium price and quantity in the water market.
b. During the drought, a few states allowed the price of water to increase until the quantity demanded equaled the quantity supplied. This adjustment occurred as follows:
As the drought reduced the availability of water, the supply of water decreased, causing the supply curve to shift to the left.
With a decrease in supply, the equilibrium price of water increased.
As the price increased, the quantity demanded decreased, moving along the demand curve.
The adjustment continued until the new equilibrium was reached, where the quantity demanded equaled the quantity supplied at the higher price.
The diagram would show a leftward shift of the supply curve and a movement along the demand curve to a new equilibrium point with a higher price and a lower quantity of water exchanged.
c. The outcome achieved by allowing the price of water to increase until supply equaled demand is likely to be more efficient. By allowing the price to adjust, the market incentivizes consumers to conserve water and find alternatives, while also encouraging suppliers to find ways to increase the supply. This efficient outcome ensures that the available water resources are allocated to those who value them the most and encourages efficient water usage.
PART II:
d. Most states did not allow the price of water to change despite the impact of the drought on the water market. These states implemented price regulation policies, setting a maximum price for water below the market equilibrium price. This policy aims to protect consumers from price increases during the drought.
In the diagram, the maximum price would be set below the equilibrium price, creating a price ceiling. The diagram would show the demand curve intersecting the price ceiling, and the quantity demanded exceeding the quantity supplied at that price.
e. The impact of the price regulation policy on the water market would be as follows:
The price regulation prevents the price from adjusting to the market equilibrium level, causing a shortage of water.
At the regulated price, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, leading to an inefficient allocation of water resources.
Consumers are willing to buy more water at the regulated price than what suppliers are willing to provide, resulting in a mismatch between supply and demand.
In the diagram, there would be a gap between the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied at the regulated price, indicating the inefficiency caused by the price regulation policy.
These answers provide a general understanding of the impacts of different policies on the water market. However, the actual outcomes and analysis may vary depending on the specific details of the policies implemented and the characteristics of the water market in Brazil.
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A household has a wealth endowment of $5 and can use this to either consume (C) or save (S). Consumption generates MB of $1.89, 1.51, 1.28, 1.19 & 1.11 from the 1st, 2nd.... dollar allocated to consumption, respectively. If the current interest rate in the market is 31%, then to maximize the total payoff from C and S, it is optimal for the household to choose C = and S- C=1;S=4 OC 2: S-3 C-3:S-2 OC-4S-1
This means the household should allocate $1 to consumption in each round and save the remaining amount.
To maximize the total payoff from consumption (C) and saving (S), we need to compare the marginal benefits (MB) of consumption to the interest rate (r) and allocate the wealth accordingly.
Given the information provided:
MB of $1.89, 1.51, 1.28, 1.19 & 1.11 from the 1st, 2nd.... dollar allocated to consumption, respectively.
Interest rate (r) = 31%
To determine the optimal allocation, we need to compare the marginal benefits of consumption to the interest rate.
Comparing the first dollar allocated to consumption:
MB of first dollar allocated to consumption = $1.89
Interest earned on saving = $5 * 0.31 = $1.55
Since the MB of the first dollar allocated to consumption ($1.89) is higher than the interest earned on saving ($1.55), it is optimal to allocate the first dollar to consumption.
Comparing the second dollar allocated to consumption:
MB of second dollar allocated to consumption = $1.51
Interest earned on saving = $4 * 0.31 = $1.24
Again, the MB of the second dollar allocated to consumption ($1.51) is higher than the interest earned on saving ($1.24), so it is optimal to allocate the second dollar to consumption.
Comparing the third dollar allocated to consumption:
MB of third dollar allocated to consumption = $1.28
Interest earned on saving = $3 * 0.31 = $0.93
Once again, the MB of the third dollar allocated to consumption ($1.28) is higher than the interest earned on saving ($0.93), so it is optimal to allocate the third dollar to consumption.
Comparing the fourth dollar allocated to consumption:
MB of fourth dollar allocated to consumption = $1.19
Interest earned on saving = $2 * 0.31 = $0.62
The MB of the fourth dollar allocated to consumption ($1.19) is still higher than the interest earned on saving ($0.62), so it is optimal to allocate the fourth dollar to consumption.
Comparing the fifth (last) dollar allocated to consumption:
MB of fifth dollar allocated to consumption = $1.11
Interest earned on saving = $1 * 0.31 = $0.31
The MB of the fifth dollar allocated to consumption ($1.11) is still higher than the interest earned on saving ($0.31), so it is optimal to allocate the fifth dollar to consumption.
Based on these comparisons, the optimal allocation for the household would be:
C = $1, $1, $1, $1, $1
S = $4, $3, $2, $1, $0
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Company Pogba purchased a machine for £100 000 on 1 September 2015. The machine had a useful life of five years and is being depreciated on the straight line basis.
The machine was revalued on 1 April 2017 to £110 000. There was no change in useful life estimate. What will be the accumulated depreciation charge for this machine for the year ended 31 December 2017?
A £24 146
B £31 429
C £46 667
D £61 667
Based on the information provided, Company Pogba purchased a machine for £100 000 on 1 September 2015 and has a useful life of five years. The company is depreciating the machine on the straight line basis. This means that the company is depreciating the asset evenly over its useful life.The answer is D.
To calculate the annual depreciation expense, we divide the cost of the machine by its useful life. In this case, the annual depreciation expense is £20 000 (£100 000 divided by 5 years). Therefore, the machine's accumulated depreciation after two years would be £40 000 (£20 000 times 2 years).
The book value of the machine after two years would be £60 000 (£100 000 cost minus £40 000 accumulated depreciation).The answer is D.
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25. Suppose interest rates are as given initially (10% and 8%) and the current spot rate equals 2 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar. Calculate the forward discount or forward premium. 5
The forward discount or forward premium is approximately 2.037.
To calculate the forward discount or forward premium, we need the interest rate differentials and the spot exchange rate.
Given:
Interest rate in the U.S. = 10%
Interest rate in Canada = 8%
Spot exchange rate = 2 Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar
The forward discount or forward premium can be calculated using the following formula:
Forward Discount/Premium = [(1 + Interest rate in the U.S.) / (1 + Interest rate in Canada)] x (Spot exchange rate)
Forward Discount/Premium = [(1 + 0.10) / (1 + 0.08)] x 2
Calculating the value:
Forward Discount/Premium = (1.10 / 1.08) x 2
Forward Discount/Premium ≈ 2.037
Therefore, the forward discount or forward premium is approximately 2.037.
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"
In the last few decades, defined benefit (DB) plans have been
largely replaced by defined contribution (DC) plans in the US
workplace, especially in private-sector employment. What is one of
the major
"
One of the major reasons for the shift from defined benefit plans to defined contribution plans in the US workplace, especially in the private sector, is the rising cost and complexity of administering DB plans. DB plans to promise a set level of retirement benefits to employees based on a formula that takes into account factors such as years of service and salary history.
This means that employers have to bear the investment risk and market fluctuations, as well as fund the plan over the lifetime of the employee. In contrast, DC plans such as 401(k) plans to shift the investment risk and responsibility onto the employee, who contributes a portion of their salary into a retirement savings account that is invested in a range of investment options. The employer may offer matching contributions, but the employee bears the ultimate responsibility for managing their retirement savings.
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Following are the ratios relating to the trading Activities of X Ltd: Debtors Velocity 3 months Stock Velocity 8 months Creditors Velocity 2 months Gross Profit Ratio 25% Gross Profit for the year ended 31st March, 2004 amounted to $ 4,00,000. Closing Stock of the year is $10,000 above the opening stock. Bills Receivable amounted to $ 25,000 and Bills Payable amounted to $ 10,000. Find Out: (a) Sales, (b) Sundry Debtors
a.
We have that the sales for the year ended is found to be $1,600,000 and that b.) the sundry debtors amount to $12,500.
How do we calculate?We find for the Sales:
Gross Profit = Gross Profit Ratio * Sales
$400,000 = 0.25 * Sales
Sales = $400,000 / 0.25
Sales = $1,600,000
(b) We also Calculate for the Sundry Debtors:
The given parameters are
Debtors Velocity = 3 months
Bills Receivable = $25,000
Debtors Velocity = (Average Sundry Debtors / Credit Sales) * 12
Average Sundry Debtors = (Bills Receivable + Sundry Debtors) / 2
$25,000 = (Sundry Debtors + $25,000) / 2
$25,000 = Sundry Debtors + $12,500
Sundry Debtors = $25,000 - $12,500
Sundry Debtors = $12,500
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Operating Leverage, and Margin of Safety Percentage (LO 3-1, 2, 4)
Canton Corp. produces a part using an expensive proprietary machine that can only be leased. The leasing company offers two contracts. The first (unit-rate lease) is one where Canton would pay $6 per unit produced, regardless of the number of units. The second lease option (flat-rate lease) is one where Canton would pay $90,000 per month, regardless of the number produced. The lease will run one year and the lease option chosen cannot be changed during the lease. All other lease terms are the same.
The part sells for $60 per unit and unit variable cost (excluding any machine lease costs) are $30. Monthly fixed costs (excluding any machine lease costs) are $240,000.
Required:
a. What is the monthly break-even level assuming:
1. The unit-rate lease?
2. The flat-rate lease?
b. At what volume would the operating profit be the same regardless of the lease option chosen?
c. Assume monthly volume of 21,000 units. What is the operating leverage assuming: (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
1. The unit-rate lease?
2. The flat-rate lease?
a. The monthly break-even level with the unit-rate lease and the flat-rate lease are 8,000 and 5,000 units respectively.
b. The volume at which the operating profit is the same regardless of the lease option chosen is 3,750 units.
c. The operating leverage with the unit-rate lease as well as flat lease is 0.0333.
a. Monthly break-even level:
Unit-rate lease:
The total fixed costs per month (excluding lease costs) are $240,000.
The lease cost per unit is $6.
The contribution margin per unit is calculated as follows:
Contribution margin per unit = Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit
= $60 - $30
= $30
To calculate the break-even level, divide the fixed costs (excluding lease costs) by the contribution margin per unit:
Break-even level = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit
= $240,000 / $30
= 8,000 units
Therefore, the monthly break-even level with the unit-rate lease is 8,000 units.
Flat-rate lease:
The total fixed costs per month (excluding lease costs) are $240,000.
The lease cost per month is $90,000.
The contribution margin per unit is the same as calculated earlier, which is $30.
To calculate the break-even level, subtract the lease cost per month from the fixed costs and divide by the contribution margin per unit:
Break-even level = (Fixed costs - Lease cost per month) / Contribution margin per unit
= ($240,000 - $90,000) / $30
= 5,000 units
Therefore, the monthly break-even level with the flat-rate lease is 5,000 units.
b. The volume at which the operating profit is the same regardless of the lease option chosen:
Let's assume the volume of units produced as 'x'.
The operating profit can be calculated using the following formula:
Operating profit = (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit) * x - Fixed costs - Lease cost
To find the volume at which the operating profit is the same, we equate the two formulas for each lease option and solve for 'x'.
For the unit-rate lease:
(60 - 30) * x - 240,000 - (6 * x) = (60 - 30) * x - 240,000 - (90,000)
30x - 240,000 - 6x = 30x - 240,000 - 90,000
24x = 90,000
x = 3,750 units
For the flat-rate lease:
(60 - 30) * x - 240,000 - 90,000 = (60 - 30) * x - 240,000 - (90,000)
30x - 330,000 = 30x - 330,000
This equation is already balanced and does not depend on the volume 'x'.
Therefore, the volume at which the operating profit is the same regardless of the lease option chosen is 3,750 units.
c. Operating leverage:
Unit-rate lease:
Operating leverage is calculated as the contribution margin divided by the operating income. The operating income can be derived using the following formula:
Operating income = (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit) * Volume - Fixed costs - Lease cost
Given:
Volume = 21,000 units
Selling price per unit = $60
Variable cost per unit = $30
Fixed costs (excluding lease costs) = $240,000
Operating income = (60 - 30) * 21,000 - 240,000 - (6 * 21,000)
= 630,000 - 240,000 - 126,000
= 264,000
Operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income
= (60 - 30) / 264,000
= 0.0333
Therefore, the operating leverage with the unit-rate lease is 0.0333.
Flat-rate lease:
Since the flat-rate lease does not depend on the volume, the operating leverage remains the same regardless of the volume.
Therefore, the operating leverage with the flat-rate lease is also 0.0333.
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The Sutton Trust reports that the cost to applicants of a one-month unpaid internship in London is now over £1,000, due to living expenses. The government is considering two policies. The first is to ban the practice of unpaid internships. The second is to allow students to use student loans to pay for the cost of unpaid internships. What do you think would be the effect of these policies, and what do you recommend?
The cost of unpaid internships in London is a significant barrier to entry for many students, especially those from low-income backgrounds. The government's two proposed policies could have a significant impact on this issue.
Banning unpaid internships would eliminate the cost of living expenses for interns, making them more accessible to a wider range of students. However, it could also lead to a decrease in the number of internships available, as employers may be less willing to offer them if they are required to pay interns.
Allowing students to use student loans to pay for the cost of unpaid internships would make them more affordable for students, but it would also increase the amount of debt that students graduate with. This could have a negative impact on students' financial well-being in the long term.
I recommend that the government adopt a policy that combines elements of both of these proposals. For example, the government could create a fund that would provide grants to students who are unable to afford unpaid internships. This would help to make unpaid internships more accessible to a wider range of students, while also reducing the amount of debt that students graduate with.
In addition to the government's policy, there are also a number of things that individuals can do to help address the issue of unpaid internships. For example, students can research companies before applying for internships to make sure that they are not being taken advantage of. They can also talk to their professors and career counselors about the issue and get advice on how to find paid internships.
By working together, we can help to make sure that all students have the opportunity to gain the valuable experience that unpaid internships can offer, regardless of their financial background.
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Investment (direct and portfolio) a. Investment in Saudi Arabia by foreigners b. Investment abroad by Saudi citizens and companies Balance on investment +450 -360 Other financial flows 90 a. Deposits in Saudi Arabia by foreigners and borrowing by Saudi citizens +135 a. Deposits abroad by Saudi citizens and loans made to foreigners -150 Balance on other financial flows 15 Net Capital Outflow 3. Net capital transfers 4. Change in Reserves (Drawing on +, adding to -) +9 +9 FINANCIAL ACCOUNT BALANCE
Investment in Saudi Arabia can be categorized into direct investment and portfolio investment. Direct investment refers to foreign investments made by individuals or companies acquiring a controlling interest in Saudi businesses or assets.
Portfolio investment, on the other hand, involves foreign investors buying Saudi stocks, bonds, or other financial instruments without gaining significant control. Foreign investment in Saudi Arabia (a) contributes to the country's economic growth, while investment abroad by Saudi citizens and companies (b) diversifies their assets and income sources. The balance on investment (+450 -360) indicates a positive net inflow of investments.
Other financial flows include deposits in Saudi Arabia by foreigners and borrowing by Saudi citizens (+135), as well as deposits abroad by Saudi citizens and loans made to foreigners (-150). The balance on other financial flows is 15, and the net capital outflow is 3.
Net capital transfers refer to financial aid or assistance between countries, while the change in reserves represents the amount added to or drawn from the country's foreign exchange reserves. In this case, the change in reserves is +9, indicating an increase. The overall financial account balance, considering all the factors, stands at +9.
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If a firm has already paid an expense or is obligated to pay one in the future, regardless of whether a particular project is undertaken, that expense is a
committed cost
complementary cost
obligated cost
sunk cost
The correct answer is "obligated cost." Obligated cost refers to an expense that a firm has already paid or is required to pay in the future, even if a specific project is not undertaken. The correct option is 3.
These costs cannot be avoided and are essential to the operation of the business. Examples of obligated costs include salaries, rent, and loan payments. It is important to differentiate obligated costs from sunk costs, which refer to expenses that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. In conclusion, obligated costs are a crucial aspect of a firm's financial planning and should be carefully considered when making business decisions. The correct option is 3.
A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred or committed, and it cannot be recovered or altered, regardless of whether a project is undertaken or not. These costs are generally not considered when making future decisions about projects, as they do not affect the project's potential profitability.
In conclusion, a firm with an expense that is already paid or obligated to be paid in the future, regardless of whether a particular project is undertaken, is dealing with a sunk cost.
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please answer all requirements and follow any rounding instructions
or whole number instructions
Ed and Gary are students at Berkeley College. They share an apartment that is owned by Gary. Gary is considering subscribing to an Internet provider that has the following packages available: Package
Gary, the owner of the apartment, is considering subscribing to an Internet provider that offers different packages for Ed and himself.
Gary, the owner of the apartment, is responsible for choosing an Internet provider for their shared apartment. The Internet provider offers several packages with different speeds and prices. It's important for Gary to consider both his and Ed's needs when selecting a package.
Firstly, he should assess their internet usage requirements. If they primarily use the internet for basic tasks like browsing, emailing, and light streaming, a package with lower speed and a lower price may be sufficient. On the other hand, if they frequently stream HD videos, play online games, or work with large files, they would benefit from a higher-speed package that can handle the increased data demands.
Secondly, Gary should consider their budget. Each package comes with a different price, so he needs to find a balance between the desired internet speed and the cost. It's important to ensure that the selected package fits within their financial means.
Lastly, Gary should also consider the reliability and customer support offered by the Internet provider. Reading reviews and checking the provider's reputation can help him make an informed decision.
By considering Ed's and his own internet usage needs, budget, and the reliability of the provider, Gary can make a well-informed decision about the package that best suits their requirements.
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Multiple cash budgets-Scenario analysis Brownstein, Inc., expects sales of $105,000 during each of the next 3 months. It will make monthly purchases of $62,000 during this time. Wages and salaries are $17,000 per month plus 4% of sales. Brownstein expects to make a tax payment of $24,000 in the next month and a $17,000 purchase of fixed assets in the second month and to receive $9,000 in cash from the sale of an asset in the third month. All sales and purchases are for cash. Beginning cash and the minimum cash balance are assumed to be zero. a. Construct a cash budget for the next 3 months. b. Brownstein is unsure of the sales levels, but all other figures are certain. If the most pessimistic sales figure is $82,000 per month and the most optimistic is $124,000 per month, what are the monthly minimum and maximum ending cash balances that the firm can expect for each of the 1-month periods? c. Briefly discuss how the financial manager can use the data in parts a. and b. to plan for financing needs.
Note that the budget is attached accordingly. By carefully planning for financing needs, the financial manager can help to ensure that the firm has the cash it needs to operate smoothly and meet its financial obligations.
What is the explanation?Given the attached budget and minimum and maximum ending cash balances,
The financial manager can use the data in parts a. and b. to plan for financing needs by -
Borrowing money to cover any shortfalls in cash flow.Investing any excess cash flow.Establishing a line of credit with a bank in case of unexpected cash flow needs.The financial manager should also consider the following factors when planning for financing needs -
The firm's creditworthiness.The cost of borrowing money.The firm's investment opportunities.Thus, by properly preparing for financing requirements, the financial manager may assist in ensuring that the organization has the cash it requires to run efficiently and satisfy its financial responsibilities.
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You believe the stock in Freeze Frame Co. is going to fall, so you short 1,600 shares at a price of $72. The initial margin is 50 percent. Construct the equity balance sheet for the original trade. Now construct an equity balance sheet for a stock price of $63 and a stock price of $79. What is your margin at each of these stock prices? What is your effective annual return if you cover your short position at each of these prices in five months?
The effective annual return for covering the short position at a stock price of $63 is -6%, indicating a loss. On the other hand, covering the short position at a stock price of $79 would result in an effective annual return of 23%, indicating a gain.
To construct the equity balance sheet for the original trade, we need to consider the initial short position. You shorted 1,600 shares at a price of $72, so the initial short value is 1,600 * $72 = $115,200. The initial margin is 50 percent, meaning you need to deposit half of the short value as collateral. Therefore, the initial margin is 0.5 * $115,200 = $57,600.
Equity Balance Sheet for Original Trade:
Short Value: $115,200
Initial Margin: $57,600
Equity: Short Value - Initial Margin = $57,600
Now, let's construct equity balance sheets for a stock price of $63 and a stock price of $79 to calculate the margins at each price:
Stock Price $63:
Short Value: 1,600 * $63 = $100,800
Margin: 0.5 * $100,800 = $50,400
Equity: Short Value - Margin = $50,400
Stock Price $79:
Short Value: 1,600 * $79 = $126,400
Margin: 0.5 * $126,400 = $63,200
Equity: Short Value - Margin = $63,200
To calculate the effective annual return if you cover your short position at each price in five months, we need to consider the change in equity.
For the stock price of $63:
Effective Return = (Equity - Initial Margin) / Initial Margin * (12 / 5)
= ($50,400 - $57,600) / $57,600 * (12 / 5)
= -$7,200 / $57,600 * (12 / 5)
= -0.025 * 2.4
= -0.06 or -6% (negative value represents a loss)
For the stock price of $79:
Effective Return = (Equity - Initial Margin) / Initial Margin * (12 / 5)
= ($63,200 - $57,600) / $57,600 * (12 / 5)
= $5,600 / $57,600 * (12 / 5)
= 0.097 * 2.4
= 0.23 or 23%
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