In March this year, many news outlets reported that the price for a cup of coffee may rise to $7 by the end of the year due to the rising cost of inputs. In particular, it was reported that café owners have experienced a sharp rise in shipping costs and low coffee bean supplies. Do the following: . Using the first diagram you drew for the previous question, show how the rising input cost affects the market equilibrium price and quantity. • Briefly explain the changes occurred in the market for coffee.
Answers
To illustrate the effect of rising input costs on the market for coffee, we can use the same supply and demand diagram as before. However, this time we will show a shift in the supply curve to represent the impact of the rising input costs.
Here's an updated version of the graph: In this graph:- P represents the original equilibrium price.- Q represents the original equilibrium quantity.- S1 represents the original supply curve.- S2 represents the new supply curve due to the rising input costs.- D represents the demand curve. Explanation of changes in the market for coffee: 1. Rising Input Costs: The news reports mention that café owners are facing increased shipping costs and low coffee bean supplies. These factors raise the cost of production for coffee, resulting in a higher price for café owners to maintain their profit margins.
2. Shift in Supply: The rising input costs cause the supply curve (S1) to shift to the left, reflecting a decrease in the quantity of coffee supplied at each price level. This indicates that café owners are willing to supply less coffee at any given price due to higher production costs. 3. New Equilibrium: The new supply curve (S2) intersects with the demand curve (D) at a higher price (P2) and a lower quantity (Q2). This represents the new market equilibrium. The higher price reflects the increased costs faced by café owners, while the lower quantity signifies a reduction in the amount of coffee exchanged in the market.
Overall, the rising input costs lead to a higher equilibrium price for coffee and a lower equilibrium quantity. Consumers will experience the impact of these cost increases through a higher price for a cup of coffee. The supply constraints resulting from low coffee bean supplies and increased shipping costs limit the quantity available in the market. As a result, consumers may face reduced coffee availability and potentially higher prices when purchasing a cup of coffee.
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Related Questions
Design For Six Sigma is used in which of the following situations? a. Product or process does not currently exist b. Process needs C. Process improvement efforts have taken the current process to its limit d. All of the above e. a and
Answers
Design For Six Sigma is used in all of the above
What is Design For Six SigmaDesign For Six Sigma (DFSS) is a methodology used for designing and improving products, processes, or services. It can be applied in various situations, including when a product or process does not currently exist, when an existing process needs improvement, or when improvement efforts have reached their limits.
DFSS aims to meet customer requirements, optimize performance, minimize defects, and achieve high levels of quality and efficiency. The correct answer is that DFSS is used in all of the above-mentioned situations.
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Describe the institutional, social, technical, financial, economic and environmental sustainability factors of a career development program according to the following project activities:-
-Organize programs for parents/guardians on choosing career paths for their wards.
-Demystifying untruths or falsehoods about certain courses.
-The media broadcasting various carrier paths/professions.
-Guidance and Counseling units equipped with career path development skills.
Answers
A career development program can be evaluated based on its institutional, social, technical, financial, economic, and environmental sustainability factors.
In terms of institutional sustainability, the program should have support and recognition from educational institutions, government bodies, and relevant stakeholders. Social sustainability is achieved by organizing programs for parents and guardians, helping them make informed decisions about career paths for their wards. Demystifying falsehoods about certain courses ensures that individuals have accurate information to make appropriate choices.
The media plays a crucial role in broadcasting various career paths and professions, contributing to both social and institutional sustainability. By showcasing a diverse range of options, the program helps individuals explore different possibilities and make well-informed decisions. Technical sustainability is achieved by equipping guidance and counseling units with career path development skills. This ensures that the program is effectively implemented and provides individuals with the necessary support and guidance.
Financial sustainability is crucial for the longevity of the career development program. Adequate funding sources, such as government grants or private sponsorships, should be secured to sustain the program's operations and activities. Economic sustainability is achieved by promoting career paths that align with market demand and future job prospects. This ensures that individuals are prepared for the workforce and have opportunities for economic growth and stability.
Lastly, environmental sustainability can be considered by incorporating environmentally friendly practices into the program's operations. This can include promoting green careers or educating individuals about sustainable practices within their chosen professions. By integrating environmental considerations, the program contributes to a sustainable future.
In summary, a sustainable career development program should have institutional support, organize programs for parents/guardians, demystify falsehoods, utilize media for career awareness, equip counseling units, secure financial resources, align with economic trends, and consider environmental sustainability. By addressing these factors, the program can effectively support individuals in making informed career choices and contribute to their long-term success and the overall sustainability of society.
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Shown below is an extract from the comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021: Opal Ltd Balance Sheet as at 30 June 2021 2
Answers
The extract below represents the comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021:
Opal Ltd Balance Sheet as at 30 June 2021
Assets20212020
Non-current assets££
Property, plant and equipment220,000180,000
Investments40,00030,000260,000210,000
Current assets Inventories25,00020,000
Trade receivables125,000105,000
Cash and cash equivalents25,00015,000175,000140,000
Total assets435,000350,000
Equity and liabilities EquityOrdinary share capital, $1, no par value200,000200,000
Retained earnings140,000100,000340,000300,000
Non-current liabilitiesLoan250,000180,000
Current liabilities Trade payables35,00025,000
Taxation payable10,0005,000
Bank overdraft10,00040,000
Total equity and liabilities435,000350,000
From the extract above, the comparative statements of financial position and statement of profit or loss of Opal Ltd for the year ended 30 June 2021 can be derived.
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Cecil cashed in a Series EE savings bond with a redemption value of $11,000 and an original cost of $7,700.
For each of the following independent scenarios, calculate the amount of interest Cecil will include in his gross income assuming he files as a single taxpayer: (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.)
a. Cecil plans to spend all of the proceeds to pay his son’s tuition at State University. Cecil’s son is a full-time student, and Cecil claims his son as a dependent. Cecil estimates his modified adjusted gross income at $51,800.
b. Assume the same facts in part (a), except Cecil plans to spend $3,300 of the proceeds to pay his son’s tuition at State University, and Cecil estimates his modified adjusted gross income at $46,700.
Answers
In scenario b, Cecil will include $990 in his gross income as interest.
a. In this scenario, Cecil plans to spend all of the proceeds from the bond redemption to pay his son's tuition at State University. Since the bond was redeemed, the interest earned on the bond is taxable. To calculate the amount of interest Cecil will include in his gross income, we subtract the original cost from the redemption value:
Interest = Redemption Value - Original Cost
= $11,000 - $7,700
= $3,300
Since Cecil plans to use the entire proceeds to pay his son's tuition, the full amount of $3,300 will be included in his gross income.
b. In this scenario, Cecil plans to spend $3,300 of the proceeds from the bond redemption to pay his son's tuition at State University. To calculate the amount of interest Cecil will include in his gross income, we need to consider the portion of the redemption used for tuition expenses. We divide the tuition payment by the redemption value and multiply it by the interest earned:
Amount of interest included in gross income = (Tuition payment / Redemption value) * Interest
Tuition payment = $3,300
Redemption value = $11,000
Interest = $11,000 - $7,700 = $3,300
Amount of interest included in gross income = ($3,300 / $11,000) * $3,300
= $990
Therefore, in scenario b, Cecil will include $990 in his gross income as interest.
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Holiday Corp. has two divisions, Quail and Marlin. Quail produces a widget that Marlin could use in its production. Quail's variable costs are $5.10 per widget while the full cost is $8.10. Widgets sell on the open market for $14.20 each. If Quail has excess capacity, what would be the cost savings if the transfer were made and Marlin currently is purchasing 155,000 units on the open market?
Multiple Choice
$0
$1,255,500
$1,410,500
$2,201,000
Answers
Option (c) is correct $1,410,500. Given: Holiday Corp has two divisions, Quail and Marlin. Quail produces a widget that Marlin could use in its production. Quail's variable costs are $5.10 per widget while the full cost is $8.10. Widgets sell on the open market for $14.20 each.
If Quail has excess capacity, what would be the cost savings if the transfer were made and Marlin currently is purchasing 155,000 units on the open market?Formula used:Cost savings = (Purchase cost – Transfer cost) × Number of units purchasedLet us calculate the cost savings in each case.
Purchase cost = 155,000 × $14.20 = $2,203,000Transfer cost = 155,000 × $5.10 = $790,500Therefore, Cost savings = ($2,203,000 – $790,500) = $1,412,500 .
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4 points A firm's discount rate for all projects is 12%. The project under consideration requires an initial investment today of $100.000 and provides cash inflows of $25,000 annually for six years. What should the firm do? Accept the project since the project's IRR is less than the discount rate of 12% Reject the project since the project's IRR is less than the discount rate of 12%. Accept the project since the project's IRR is greater than the discount rate of 12%. Reject the project since the project's IRR is greater than the discount rate of 12%.
Answers
The correct answer is: Accept the project since the project's IRR is greater than the discount rate of 12%.
The internal rate of return (IRR) is the rate of return at which the present value of the project's cash inflows equals the initial investment. In this case, the project requires an initial investment of $100,000 and generates cash inflows of $25,000 annually for six years.
To determine whether the project should be accepted or rejected, we compare the project's IRR to the firm's discount rate. If the project's IRR is greater than the discount rate, it means the project's return exceeds the required rate of return, making it a favorable investment.
In this scenario, we do not have the specific IRR value calculated. However, if the project's IRR is greater than the firm's discount rate of 12%, it indicates that the project's return is higher than the required rate of return. Therefore, the firm should accept the project.
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If the inflation rate in the US
is 2 % while the inflation rate in UK is 1 %, and
everything else remains constant, then in the FX market the
demand schedule for GBP will _______, the
supply schedule
Answers
If the inflation rate in the US is 2 % while the inflation rate in the UK is 1 %, and everything else remains constant, then in the FX market the demand schedule for GBP will decrease, and the supply schedule will increase. In the FX market, the exchange rate of two currencies is determined by the interaction of demand and supply.
In this case, inflation differentials between the United States and the United Kingdom have occurred. The inflation differential occurs when one country's inflation rate exceeds another country's inflation rate. This will lead to a decrease in the purchasing power of that country's currency since the price level in that country will increase, and the demand for goods from that country will decrease.
Consequently, the demand for that country's currency will decline in the foreign exchange market, leading to a decrease in the demand schedule of the country's currency. On the other hand, when the inflation rate in one country is lower than that of another country, its currency will gain purchasing power, leading to an increase in demand for goods from that country.
This will lead to an increase in demand for that country's currency in the foreign exchange market, leading to an increase in the supply schedule of the country's currency. Therefore, in this scenario, the inflation differential between the US and the UK leads to a decrease in the demand schedule for the GBP and an increase in the supply schedule for the GBP in the FX market.
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Which of the following items are usually reported as current liabilities in the statement of financial position (Select all that apply) Trade and other payables. Current portion of long-term note. Non-current portion of long-term nobe. Income tax payable. Short-term borrowings. Deferred tax liability expected to moverse next year.
Answers
The items that are usually reported as current liabilities in the statement of financial position are Trade and other payables, Income tax payable, and Short-term borrowings.
Current liabilities are obligations that are expected to be settled within the normal operating cycle of a business, typically within one year. Trade and other payables refer to amounts owed to suppliers and vendors for goods and services received. These are short-term obligations that need to be paid within the operating cycle.
Income tax payable represents the taxes owed to the government based on the taxable income generated by the company. It is a current liability because it is expected to be paid within the next year.
Short-term borrowings refer to any loans or credit facilities that are due for repayment within one year. These can include bank loans, lines of credit, or other forms of short-term financing.
On the other hand, the Current portion of long-term note, Non-current portion of long-term note, and Deferred tax liability expected to reverse next year are not reported as current liabilities. The current portion of long-term notes represents the portion of a long-term loan that is due within the next year, and it is reported separately from current liabilities. The non-current portion of long-term notes is reported as long-term liabilities. The deferred tax liability expected to reverse next year is also classified as a long-term liability, as it represents tax obligations that will be realized beyond the next year.
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A country's cyclical unemployment rate is said to be negative when its current unemployment rate is less than its natural unemployment rate. Select one: O True O False
Answers
When a nation's current unemployment rate is lower than its natural unemployment rate, it is considered to have a negative cyclical unemployment rate. The assertion is untrue.
Unemployment arises when there is a scarcity of job openings and many people are searching for jobs. The unemployment rate, on the other hand, is the number of unemployed people divided by the total labor force. The level of unemployment is affected by a variety of factors, including the country's political and economic conditions. Cyclical unemployment Cyclical unemployment is caused by a decrease in aggregate demand during recessions and depressions. It is one of the many types of unemployment.
The cyclical unemployment rate is positive when the actual unemployment rate is greater than the natural unemployment rate.
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The annual demand for a product is 89000 units. The annual carrying cost per unit of product is 15 dollars. The ordering cost per order is 1800 dollars. Each time we order 1700 units. Compute the total annual carrying cost. Enter your answer as a whole number with no decimal point.
Answers
The total annual carrying cost is 12,750 dollars.Annual carrying cost: Annual carrying cost (ACC) is the cost of holding stocks of goods that are not sold and continue to be stored.
These costs are incurred in order to keep enough inventory on hand to satisfy customer demand while also avoiding overstocking. Therefore, the annual carrying cost can be defined as follows:
ACC = CC * Q/2Here, ACC = Annual carrying cost CC = Carrying cost per unit Q = Quantity of goods or units This formula is used to calculate the total annual carrying cost of a product where the carrying cost per unit of product is given and the annual demand for the product is known.Given that:
Annual demand for a product = 89000 units.Carrying cost per unit of product = $15.Ordering cost per order = $1800.Each time we order 1700 units.Total carrying cost = CC * Q/2The total carrying cost can be calculated as follows:
CC = 15 dollars. (Given)Q = 1700 units. (Given)Total number of orders = Annual demand/Quantity per order = 89000/1700 = 52.35 orders ≈ 53 orders.
Average inventory = Q/2 = 1700/2 = 850 units.Annual carrying cost = CC * Q/2 = 15 * 850 = 12,750 dollars.Therefore, the total annual carrying cost is 12,750 dollars.
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A Canadian bank has received multiple complaints from customers concerning its Philippines-based call center. The bank is exploring the possibility of moving the call center back to Canada. This would require the closure of the Philippines operation and the establishment of a Canadian-based operation. Setting up the new call center in Canada would require significant efforts in HR planning to ensure a smooth transition of operations. The HR director has tasked you (the HR manager) with investigating various options including downsizing, restructuring, and/or retraining.
Critically evaluate the major concerns and problems faced by an HR manager in such a scenario and make a recommendation as to how you (in the role of HR manager) might approach these circumstances. What should your first steps be?
minimum of two (2) sources referenced (at the end of your answer) and cited (as appropriate within your answer). Your response (minimum of 300 words) should be a thoughtful, objective academic analysis of the OBHR concepts
Answers
In the scenario of a Canadian bank considering moving its call center back to Canada from the Philippines, the HR manager faces several major concerns and problems.
These include managing employee layoffs, ensuring a smooth transition, addressing cultural and language differences, and providing necessary training and support. To approach these circumstances, the HR manager should follow a systematic process that involves conducting a thorough HR planning, communicating with employees, implementing appropriate downsizing or restructuring strategies, offering retraining opportunities, and facilitating a positive work environment.
The HR manager in this scenario faces several challenges and concerns that require careful attention. Firstly, managing employee layoffs is a sensitive issue that needs to be handled with empathy and respect. The HR manager should ensure clear communication and provide support to affected employees, such as severance packages and assistance in finding alternative employment. Secondly, the transition from the Philippines to Canada may involve cultural and language differences. The HR manager should address these challenges by providing cultural sensitivity training and language support to ensure effective communication and collaboration in the new call center.
Another concern is the need for HR planning to ensure a smooth transition. The HR manager should assess the staffing requirements, identify skill gaps, and develop a comprehensive recruitment and selection process for hiring new employees in Canada. Additionally, the HR manager should consider the option of retraining existing employees from the Philippines to fit the requirements of the Canadian call center, which would help minimize layoffs and retain valuable talent.
Creating a positive work environment during the transition is crucial. The HR manager should focus on employee engagement, morale, and motivation. This can be achieved through open communication, providing opportunities for feedback, recognizing and rewarding employees' efforts, and fostering a supportive team culture.
In approaching these circumstances, the HR manager's first steps should involve conducting a thorough analysis of the current and future workforce requirements, understanding the legal and regulatory aspects related to downsizing and restructuring, and developing a comprehensive communication plan to inform employees about the changes and support available to them.
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The production budget for Greski Company shows the following production volume for the months of July- September. Each unit produced requires 2.5 hours of direct labor. The direct labor rate is predicted to be $16 per hour in all months. Prepare a direct labor budget for Greski Company for July-September. Aug Sept July 620 Units to be produced 680 540
Answers
To prepare a direct labor budget for Greski Company for July-September, we need to calculate the total direct labor hours and the corresponding direct labor cost for each month based on the production volume and the direct labor rate.
Given:
July:
Units to be produced: 620
Direct labor hours per unit: 2.5
Direct labor rate: $16 per hour
August:
Units to be produced: 680
Direct labor hours per unit: 2.5
Direct labor rate: $16 per hour
September:
Units to be produced: 540
Direct labor hours per unit: 2.5
Direct labor rate: $16 per hour
Direct Labor Budget:
July:
Total direct labor hours = Units to be produced x Direct labor hours per unit
Total direct labor hours = 620 x 2.5 = 1550 hours
Direct labor cost = Total direct labor hours x Direct labor rate
Direct labor cost = 1550 hours x $16/hour = $24,800
August:
Total direct labor hours = Units to be produced x Direct labor hours per unit
Total direct labor hours = 680 x 2.5 = 1700 hours
Direct labor cost = Total direct labor hours x Direct labor rate
Direct labor cost = 1700 hours x $16/hour = $27,200
September:
Total direct labor hours = Units to be produced x Direct labor hours per unit
Total direct labor hours = 540 x 2.5 = 1350 hours
Direct labor cost = Total direct labor hours x Direct labor rate
Direct labor cost = 1350 hours x $16/hour = $21,600
Therefore, the direct labor budget for Greski Company for July-September is as follows:
July:
Direct labor cost: $24,800
August:
Direct labor cost: $27,200
September:
Direct labor cost: $21,600
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Discuss what would happen to the CAD/USD exchange rate and equilibrium quantity of currency if there was a large influx of FDI from USA investors used to build a large new oil sands production facility in Canada. Make sure to explain why you answered this way describing the impact this will have on the supply and demand of Canadian and US currency.
Answers
A large influx of FDI from US investors to build a large new oil sands production facility in Canada would have an impact on the CAD/USD exchange rate and the equilibrium quantity of currency.
The demand for CAD would increase because of the influx of FDI from the US investors, which would increase the supply of CAD. In turn, this would decrease the value of the CAD relative to the USD. This is because the supply of CAD would increase while the demand for USD would remain unchanged.
Thus, there would be an excess supply of CAD in the market. This would cause the CAD/USD exchange rate to decrease, making the CAD cheaper relative to the USD.In addition, the equilibrium quantity of currency would also change as a result of the influx of FDI from US investors. Since the demand for CAD would increase, the quantity of CAD demanded would increase. However, since the supply of CAD would increase as well, the quantity of CAD supplied would also increase.
Therefore, the equilibrium quantity of currency would increase. Overall, a large influx of FDI from US investors to build a large new oil sands production facility in Canada would increase the supply of CAD, decrease the CAD/USD exchange rate, and increase the equilibrium quantity of currency.
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what problems with cpt codes may cause insurance claims to be rejected?
Answers
CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes are used by healthcare providers to identify the services and procedures they provide to patients. Inaccuracies in CPT codes can cause insurance claims to be rejected.
Explanation:Errors in coding, coding shortcuts, and insufficient documentation are common reasons for claim rejections. An error can occur when a provider miscodes a service or procedure, or when a billing clerk incorrectly inputs the CPT code in the billing software. Even a small error can lead to a claim rejection. Inadequate documentation, such as incomplete medical records, can also lead to claim rejections. This is because the medical necessity of a procedure or service may not be evident without proper documentation.
Rejection of insurance claims due to errors in CPT codes is a common problem that providers and billing clerks face. Even a small error in the code can lead to a claim rejection. Common reasons for rejection include coding errors, coding shortcuts, and insufficient documentation. To avoid claim rejection, it's important for providers and billing clerks to be familiar with CPT codes and to double-check codes before submitting claims. Proper documentation is also essential to avoid claim rejections. Providers should ensure that medical records are complete and contain all necessary information to demonstrate the medical necessity of a procedure or service.
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1. How do economists go about studying the economics of the public sector?
2. Why will private markets undersupply pure public goods? What is the free-rider problem
Answers
Economists study the economics of the public sector in various ways. The government's role in providing goods and services to the public, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
They also assess the impact of government policies on market outcomes and the overall economy. Economists use economic models and empirical analysis to evaluate the efficiency and equity of public sector activities and to design policies that address market failures and promote public welfare.
2. Private markets tend to undersupply pure public goods because of the free-rider problem. Pure public goods are non-excludable and non-rival, meaning that one person's consumption of the good does not reduce the amount available for others and that it is impossible to prevent someone from consuming the good.
The free-rider problem arises because people can enjoy the benefits of a public good without having to pay for it. Therefore, they have no incentive to contribute to its provision. For example, if a town wants to build a park, people can use the park without having to pay for its construction or maintenance.
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Read the article below and answer the following question:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/02/business/inflation-worse-pandemic-coronavirus.html
By reviewing the examples in the article, explain how customer's purchasing habits, variety of products, and quality of service have contributed to the value of inflation?
Answers
Inflation is an economic concept that relates to the overall increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy. The inflation rate is usually calculated as the percentage change in the prices of a basket of goods and services from one period to another.
There are several factors that contribute to inflation, including customers' purchasing habits, the variety of products, and the quality of service. By reviewing the examples in the article, we can understand how these factors have contributed to inflation.Customer's purchasing habitsCustomers' purchasing habits have a significant impact on inflation. When people have more money to spend, they are more likely to spend it on goods and services. This leads to an increase in demand, which, in turn, causes prices to rise. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many people received stimulus checks from the government. This extra money allowed them to purchase more goods and services, which led to an increase in demand. As a result, prices for many goods and services increased.Variety of productsThe variety of products also has an impact on inflation. When there are more products available, consumers have more choices. This can lead to an increase in demand for certain products, which can cause prices to rise.
For example, during the pandemic, there was a shortage of certain products, such as toilet paper and cleaning supplies. This shortage led to an increase in demand, which caused prices to rise.Quality of serviceThe quality of service also has an impact on inflation. When businesses provide better service, customers are more likely to return. This can lead to an increase in demand, which can cause prices to rise. For example, some restaurants have been able to raise their prices because they have improved the quality of their food and service. Customers are willing to pay more for a better experience.In conclusion, customer's purchasing habits, the variety of products, and the quality of service are all factors that contribute to inflation. Understanding these factors can help us make better decisions about how we spend our money.
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Economists use the model of aggregate supply and aggregate demand (AS-AD model) to explain short run fluctuations of GDP around its long run trend. i) In the context of the AS-AD model, explain which curve(s) the following events would shift, which way, and why: a. The government increases income tax in their budget b. An improvement in existing technology c. There is a change in expectations and firms expect the price level to be higher in the future d. Consumers sentiment changes and they feel more pessimistic about the economy e. The central bank engages in open market operations and buys bonds from the public.
Answers
In the AS-AD model, the aggregate supply (AS) curve and the aggregate demand (AD) curve represent the relationship between the price level and the level of real GDP in the economy.
a. The government increases income tax in their budget:
This event would shift the aggregate demand (AD) curve to the left. Higher income taxes reduce consumers' disposable income, leading to a decrease in consumption spending. As a result, aggregate demand decreases, causing a leftward shift in the AD curve.
b. An improvement in existing technology:
An improvement in technology increases productivity and lowers production costs, leading to an increase in aggregate supply (AS). This event would shift the aggregate supply (AS) curve to the right. With more efficient production, firms can supply a greater quantity of goods and services at each price level, resulting in an outward shift of the AS curve.
c. There is a change in expectations, and firms expect the price level to be higher in the future:
When firms expect the price level to be higher in the future, they may adjust their behavior accordingly. They may increase prices now to anticipate future inflation, which leads to a decrease in the short-run aggregate supply (AS). This event would shift the short-run AS curve to the left.
d. Consumer sentiment changes, and they feel more pessimistic about the economy:
When consumers become more pessimistic about the economy, they tend to reduce their spending. This decrease in consumption leads to a decrease in aggregate demand (AD). As a result, the aggregate demand (AD) curve shifts to the left.
e. The central bank engages in open market operations and buys bonds from the public:
When the central bank buys bonds from the public through open market operations, it injects money into the economy. This increases the money supply, leading to an increase in aggregate demand (AD). As a result, the aggregate demand (AD) curve shifts to the right.
To summarize:
a. Government increases income tax: AD curve shifts left.
b. Improvement in existing technology: AS curve shifts right.
c. Change in expectations, firms expect higher future prices: SRAS curve shifts left.
d. Consumer sentiment becomes more pessimistic: AD curve shifts left.
e. Central bank buys bonds through open market operations: AD curve shifts right.
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Which of the following is not true about Lindahl pricing? a. It is an idealized but impractical way to determine equilibrium in a market for public goods. b. An obstacle to achieving it is that individuals might be impelled to conceal their true preferences. c. There is unanimous agreement with the equilibrium in the sense that no individual would be motivated to make a change. d. Although marginal cost may not equal marginal benefit for all individuals, every individual receives a net gain.
Answers
The statement "Although marginal cost may not equal marginal benefit for all individuals, every individual receives a net gain" in Lindahl pricing is incorrect.
Lindahl pricing is an idealized but impractical way to determine equilibrium in a market for public goods. The principle is to tax individuals in proportion to their marginal evaluations of the public good so that everyone pays the same price and the amount that would be supplied at that price corresponds to the total amount demanded.
To do this, there are a number of challenges, one of which is that people can feel compelled to hide their genuine preferences. Everyone agrees that the equilibrium is correct in the sense that no one would be inspired to modify it. Every person may not experience a net gain, and marginal cost may not always equal marginal benefit.
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Assuming that you are the quality control manager of a
manufacturing company, explain with the help of examples, any four
(4) tools of quality control that you would apply in quality
management proces
Answers
As a quality control manager, I would utilize checklists, statistical process control, Pareto Analysis, and root cause analysis to ensure quality standards are met and issues are addressed effectively.
As the quality control manager of a manufacturing company, four tools of quality control that I would apply in the quality management process are:
1. Checklists: Checklists are valuable tools for ensuring that all necessary quality control steps and requirements are met. They help in standardizing processes and reducing the risk of errors or omissions. For example, in a food manufacturing company, a checklist can be used to ensure that all safety and hygiene measures are followed during production.
2. Statistical Process Control (SPC): SPC involves monitoring and controlling a process using statistical methods. It helps identify variations and trends in the manufacturing process, enabling timely corrective actions. For instance, in an automotive manufacturing plant, SPC can be used to monitor the dimensions of critical components and ensure they meet the specified tolerances.
3. Pareto Analysis: Pareto Analysis is a technique used to prioritize and address the most significant quality issues. It involves identifying and ranking problems based on their frequency or impact. For example, in a clothing manufacturing company, Pareto Analysis can help identify the most common defects in garments, allowing resources to be focused on resolving those issues.
4. Root Cause Analysis (RCA): RCA is a problem-solving technique used to identify the underlying causes of quality issues. By addressing the root causes, organizations can prevent the recurrence of problems. For instance, in a pharmaceutical company, RCA can be used to investigate the root cause of a batch failure, such as equipment malfunction or incorrect formulation.
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Required information Turnover Tribulations Turnover often brings up negative associations for individuals, but not all turnover is bad. Some turnover in an organization can bring in new knowledge and ideas. Too much turnover of the wrong individuals, however, can be costly for a company. One of the keys to retaining productive employees is to ensure they are not being disrupted by other employees engaging in unproductive behaviors. Removing low performing individuals from the organization is not as simple as it may seem due to a variety of legal and social constraints. Read the case and answer the questions that follow. Anita Dell had been having a rough year. Her youngest daughter was diagnosed with leukemia. In addition to the emotional toll this took on Anita, she also had to miss work often to take her daughter to doctor's visits or to be at home to help her. While at work, Anita had trouble concentrating and her work performance was severely declining. Her manager had approached her several times about her performance. Although she was trying to improve, her work continued to deteriorate. She noticed that the assignments her manager was giving her as the year continued were at lower and lower levels of complexity, and she felt that he was trying to prod her to resign. Anita's manager had a difficult time deciding what to do. Muffins, Inc. had an employment-at-will doctrine, but it was unclear if it would apply in this circumstance. Because Anita did not have a specific employment contract with the company, the doctrine of "employment at will" should apply in this situation. However, Anita's manager was unclear whether this would be a sufficient reason for termination. He felt bad because of everything that had happened to Anita over the past year and he had tried to remain supportive despite all of the mistakes she was making and the extensive time she had been taking off of work. Despite his recommendations and attempts to lessen her work load, it seemed like she was no longer able to effectively perform her job. Although he believed the right decision was to let her go, the manager offered her a generous severance package in recognition of her years of service and to assist her with paying medical bills. What is an employment-at-will doctrine? Multiple Choice Anyone can become an employee in the organization. Only the employee can sever the relationship at any time; the employer must follow guidelines. Employees can decide when they want to work. Either the employee or employer can sever the relationship at any time.
Answers
The correct answer is:
Either the employee or employer can sever the relationship at any time.
The employment-at-will doctrine is a legal concept that allows either the employee or the employer to terminate the employment relationship at any time and for any reason, as long as it is not illegal or in violation of an employment contract.
This means that the employer does not need to provide a specific reason for termination, and the employee has the freedom to leave the job without any legal repercussions. It is important to note that there are exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine, such as situations involving discrimination or retaliation, which are protected by various labor laws.
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Describe the strategic management process (what are some key steps in the process). Explain the benefits of engaging in strategic management. Describe what is ‘external assessment’ and ‘internal assessment’, and why these types of assessment can help develop appropriate strategic decisions.
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The strategic management process is a systematic approach that organizations use to define their long-term goals, make decisions, and allocate resources to achieve those objectives. It involves several key steps that guide the organization in formulating and implementing its strategies.
Here are some key steps in the strategic management process:
1. Environmental Analysis: This step involves conducting an external assessment to understand the organization's industry, market trends, competitive landscape, and other external factors that may impact its success. It helps identify opportunities and threats.
2. Internal analysis: This step involves conducting an internal assessment to evaluate the organization's resources, capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses. It provides insights into the organization's core competencies and areas that need improvement.
3. Strategy Formulation: Based on the information gathered from the environmental and internal analyses, the organization formulates its strategies. This includes setting long-term objectives, identifying strategic alternatives, and selecting the most appropriate course of action.
4. Strategy Implementation: In this step, the organization puts its strategies into action. It involves aligning the resources, people, and processes to execute the chosen strategies effectively. This may include developing action plans, allocating budgets, and establishing performance measures.
5. Evaluation and Control: Continuous monitoring and evaluation are critical to ensure that the implemented strategies are on track and achieving the desired results. Adjustments and corrective actions may be made if necessary.
Engaging in strategic management offers several benefits for organizations:
1. Clear Direction: Strategic management provides a clear direction for the organization by defining its purpose, goals, and objectives. It helps align the efforts of employees towards a common vision.
2. Improved Decision Making: The strategic management process enables informed decision making by considering internal and external factors. It helps identify risks, opportunities, and challenges, allowing organizations to make more effective decisions.
3. Resource Allocation: Strategic management helps organizations allocate resources effectively by prioritizing initiatives that align with their strategic objectives. It ensures optimal use of limited resources.
4. Competitive Advantage: Through strategic management, organizations can identify their unique strengths and develop strategies to leverage them. This can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace.
External assessment and internal assessment are crucial components of the strategic management process
- External Assessment: This involves analyzing the external environment in which the organization operates. It includes assessing industry trends, market dynamics, customer preferences, competitive forces, and regulatory factors. It helps organizations understand opportunities and threats in their industry, enabling them to develop strategies that capitalize on opportunities and mitigate threats
- Internal Assessment: Internal assessment focuses on evaluating the organization's internal resources, capabilities, and competencies. It involves assessing factors such as the organization's financial strength, technological capabilities, human resources, operational efficiencies, and organizational culture. Internal assessment helps identify the organization's strengths and weaknesses, enabling strategic decisions that leverage strengths and address weaknesses.
Both types of assessment are essential for developing appropriate strategic decisions. External assessment provides insights into the external factors that impact the organization's success, while internal assessment helps identify the organization's unique capabilities and areas for improvement. By combining these assessments, organizations can make informed strategic choices that align with their internal capabilities and external opportunities, ultimately increasing their chances of success.
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In the multiple regression model, the adjusted R²(or R²) a. cannot be negative. b. will never be greater than the regression R2. c. equals the square of the correlation coefficient r. d. cannot decrease when an additional explanatory variable is added.
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a. cannot be negative.
The adjusted R² (or R²) in a multiple regression model is a statistical measure that represents the proportion of variance in the dependent .
variable that can be explained by the independent variables. The value of adjusted R² ranges from 0 to 1, where a higher value indicates a better fit of the model to the data.
Option (a) is because adjusted R² cannot be negative. Negative values would imply that the model is performing worse than a model with no independent variables, which is not possible.
Option (b) is in because the adjusted R² can be greater than the regression R². The adjusted R² considers the number of independent variables in the model, penalizing the inclusion of irrelevant or redundant variables. It adjusts the R² value to account for the degrees of freedom and potential overfitting, providing a more reliable measure of the model's goodness of fit.
Option (c) is in because the adjusted R² is not equal to the square of the correlation coefficient r. The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables, while the adjusted R² reflects the proportion of variance explained in the dependent variable by the independent variables in the multiple regression model.
Option (d) is . The adjusted R² cannot decrease when an additional explanatory variable is added to the multiple regression model. This is because the adjusted R² accounts for the number of variables and the degrees of freedom, adjusting for the potential increase in R² that can occur simply by adding more variables. It provides a more conservative measure of the model's fit and prevents artificially inflating the R² value by adding irrelevant variables.
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Why do some firms practice price discrimination? Relate your
answer to the common practice of public colleges charging lower
tuition to in-state students and higher tuition to out-of-state
students.
Answers
Firms practice price discrimination to maximize their profits by charging different prices to different groups of customers based on their willingness to pay.
Price discrimination allows firms to capture a larger portion of the consumer surplus and extract more value from different market segments.
In the case of public colleges charging lower tuition to in-state students and higher tuition to out-of-state students, the practice of price discrimination can be justified by several reasons. Firstly, public colleges receive funding from state governments, and offering lower tuition to in-state students can be seen as a way to provide a more affordable education to residents who contribute to the funding through taxes.
Secondly, out-of-state students often have fewer educational alternatives and may be more willing to pay higher prices for access to certain programs or prestigious institutions. By charging them higher tuition, colleges can capture additional revenue from these students without deterring them from applying.
Furthermore, price discrimination in this context can also be influenced by the goal of maintaining a diverse student body. Public colleges often strive to enroll students from various geographical locations, and offering different tuition rates helps attract students from out-of-state while ensuring that in-state students still have access to their local institutions.
In summary, price discrimination is a strategy employed by firms, including public colleges, to maximize profits by charging different prices to different customer groups based on their willingness to pay and specific market conditions.
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2) Which one of the retailers below would be the worst fit for Tillamook Maker's Reserve 2018 Extra Sharp Cheddar. (Highlight one answer) a. 7-11 b. New Seasons c. Walmart d. Amazon Explain your answer using course concepts
Answers
The retailer which would be the worst fit for Tillamook Maker's Reserve 2018 Extra Sharp Cheddar is Walmart. This is because Walmart is a high-volume, low-price store, which is not the ideal target market for a high-quality cheese like Tillamook Maker's Reserve 2018 Extra Sharp Cheddar.
According to course concepts, target market is the market segment or group of customers to which a company aims to sell its products or services. The target market is defined by its distinct needs, preferences, and characteristics that distinguish it from other markets. The target market plays an important role in marketing strategies because the product features, branding, pricing, and promotion must be tailored to meet the needs and expectations of the target market in order to achieve sales and profits.
Therefore, in the case of Tillamook Maker's Reserve 2018 Extra Sharp Cheddar, the target market would be customers who appreciate high-quality cheese, are willing to pay a premium price for it, and are likely to shop at specialty stores like New Seasons, rather than mass-market retailers like Walmart.
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According to Elinor Ostrom, which of the following statements about the problem of "tragedy of the commons" are correct?
Question 6 options:
a Agreements for cooperation must be enforced by governments.
b Even if all individuals were completely selfish, repeated interactions would definitely result in cooperative outcomes.
c Social norms can be drawn on to enforce sustainable resources, although it does not always succeed.
d Individuals care about trust and reciprocity.
Answers
Answer:
According to Elinor Ostrom, the correct statements about the problem of "tragedy of the commons" are:
b) Even if all individuals were completely selfish, repeated interactions would definitely result in cooperative outcomes.
d) Individuals care about trust and reciprocity.
Explanation:
Elinor Ostrom's work on common pool resource management challenged the notion that tragedy of the commons was an inevitable outcome. She emphasized that under certain conditions, individuals can develop mechanisms for self-governance and avoid the overexploitation of shared resources. She argued that repeated interactions among individuals, along with trust and reciprocity, can lead to cooperative outcomes, even without the need for government enforcement. While social norms can play a role in enforcing sustainable resource use, their success may vary depending on the specific context.
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If:
1) Prices are fixed in the short run but flexible in the long run
2) Domestic output is always fixed at Y
Then, the domestic currency over-depreciates in the short run relative to its long run value if:
A. There is a one time permanent (and unanticipated) increase in domestic money supply
B. There is a one time permanent (and unanticipated) decrease in aggregate money demand (for any R_$ and Y) due to a change in preferences
C. Both A and B
D. There is a one time permanent (and unanticipated) increase in aggregate money demand (for any R_$ and Y) due to a change in preferences
E. Both A and D
If relative PPP holds:
A. Real exchange rate may be expected to change in the future
B. The expected rate of inflation is the same in Australia and Europe
C. Absolute PPP definitely holds
D. The real interest in Australia and Europe is the same
E. None of the above
Answers
Both A and B (Option C)
option B "The expected rate of inflation is the same in Australia and Europe" is correct.
1. Prices are fixed in the short run but flexible in the long run
2. Domestic output is always fixed at Y
Then, the domestic currency over-depreciates in the short run relative to its long run value if both A and B (Option C) occur. In the short run, domestic prices are fixed, and a one-time permanent unanticipated increase in the domestic money supply increases output and depreciates the domestic currency. Because of the price stickiness, the depreciation causes net exports to rise, contributing to the increase in output.
However, in the long run, prices become flexible, and the economy returns to its original output level, which is Y. The money supply expansion results in a rise in domestic prices, which shifts the aggregate demand curve, increasing the price level and output. The final result is a higher price level but no increase in output.
The relative purchasing power parity (PPP) theory asserts that a unit of currency in one country can be exchanged for a unit of currency in another country to purchase an equal amount of goods and services, allowing for price differences. If relative PPP holds,
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The dealer's quote (bid-ask) for the dollar price of euros (quoted as dollars per euro) is $1.30:
$1.34.
If an investor wants to convert 10,000 dollars to euros how many euros will she get?
Over a year the Indian rupee (IN) has gone from 75.19 rupees per US dollar to 81.42 rupees per
US dollar. The rate of depreciation for the rupee over the year is:
Answers
The investor will get approximately 7,462.69 euros when converting $10,000 at the given exchange rate.
to convert $10,000 to euros, we need to use the given quote of $1.30-$1.34 (bid-ask) for the dollar price of euros. since we want to convert dollars to euros, we'll use the ask price, which is $1.34 per euro.
to calculate the amount of euros the investor will get, we divide the dollar amount by the exchange rate:
amount in euros = dollar amount / exchange rate
amount in euros = $10,000 / $1.34 per euro
amount in euros = $7,462.69 (rounded to two decimal places) now, let's calculate the rate of depreciation for the indian rupee (in) over the year:
rate of depreciation = (final rate - initial rate) / initial rate
rate of depreciation = (81.42 - 75.19) / 75.19
rate of depreciation = 0.083 (or 8.3%)
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Question 56. You've just taken a job as an HR Representative. This is a small company with 42 employees. You are the first HR Professional. Your first goal is to assess what is currently happening that are HR responsibilities. In order to determine this, list the following: 1. What questions will you ask your new boss 2. What documents do you need to review
Answers
An HR Representative of a small company with 42 employees should ask questions related to HR policies and procedures, recruitment, performance management, benefits and compensation.
As an HR Representative of a small company with 42 employees, you are the first HR Professional.
In order to determine what is currently happening that are HR responsibilities, an HR Representative should ask the following questions to their new boss:
Are there any HR policies in place, such as an employee handbook?
What are the current recruiting processes?
Who is responsible for the performance management of employees?
What benefits and compensation do the employees receive?
How are employee complaints and grievances addressed?
What type of training and development opportunities are available to the employees?
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Jona Kenson, your good friend, has come to you for financial advice regarding their retirement which will occur in 20 years. They expect that post retirement, they will live for 24 years. Given the lifestyle they are accustomed to; they want to withdraw $120,000 for every year of their retirement at the beginning of each year, while still having $1,500,000 left in the account at the end of their life to provide inheritance for their loved ones. Jona is asking for you to determine how much they would need to save every month to achieve this. Jona has also provided you with the following information: Jona wishes to place monthly deposits in the bank account, starting one month from today; Jona will receive a retirement bonus, when they retire in 20 years of $75,000, which they will immediately place in the bank account; The current interest rate they are getting on their deposits is fixed until their retirement at 8% p.a. compounded semi-annually; • After retirement, the money will be moved into very low risk investment vehicles, reducing the interest rate to 6% p.a. compounded monthly. • Calculate the monthly payment Jona Kenson needs to deposit to satisfy these retirement requests.
Answers
Jona Kenson needs to deposit approximately $1,167.27 per month to meet their retirement goals.
To calculate the monthly payment needed for Jona Kenson's retirement, we can use the concept of annuities and the future value of an ordinary annuity formula. Here's the step-by-step process:
Determine the future value of the retirement withdrawals: Since Jona plans to withdraw $120,000 per year for 24 years, we can calculate the future value of this annuity at the end of the 24-year period. Using the 6% p.a. interest rate compounded monthly, we find that the future value is approximately $2,561,999.19.
Determine the present value of the desired remaining amount: Jona wants to have $1,500,000 remaining at the end of their life. Using the 6% p.a. interest rate compounded monthly, we find that the present value of this desired amount is approximately $541,963.24.
Determine the present value of the retirement bonus: Jona will receive a retirement bonus of $75,000. Using the 8% p.a. interest rate compounded semi-annually, we find that the present value of this bonus is approximately $16,973.79.
Calculate the total present value: Sum up the present value of the desired remaining amount and the present value of the retirement bonus to get a total present value of approximately $558,937.03.
Calculate the required monthly payment: Using the total present value, the 8% p.a. interest rate compounded semi-annually, and the number of months (20 years of monthly deposits), we can calculate the required monthly payment. The calculated amount is approximately $1,167.27.
Therefore, Jona Kenson needs to deposit approximately $1,167.27 per month to meet their retirement goals.
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Airiel manages a team of 19 people in an in-store bakery. One of the key challenges of Airiel's job is to ensure his team produces the right products to meet demands at key times. His usual management approach is to allow the team to take responsibility for achieving the desired results. In this way, the team not only buys into the activity but also develops new skills
For example, when the bakery expanded its product range. Airiel needed to think of a way to ensure that all the products would be on the shelves by 8:00 am. However, rather than enforcing a solution, Airiel turned to his team for ideas. He asked them to generate as many ideas as they could to solve this issue. The team managed to solve the problem by agreeing to split break times, so that productivity could be maintained. Airiel's approach produced a positive outcome and increased the team's motivation
On the other hand, Sarah is a talented sales representative. She is quick to close sales deals but she has a habit of answering the telephone in an unprofessional manner. Sometimes when she has no idea what a customer wants, instead of trying to remain patient and professional by saying, 'Let me look into it for you and get back to you,’ she would simply reply, ‘I don't know’. This clearly demonstrates her lack of interest and unwillingness to help, which make many customers frustrated and angry.
Sarah's boss is aware of this behaviour, but he is waiting for her year-end performance review to tell her where she is going wrong. Unfortunately, this means that Sarah will continue putting potential customers off. Meanwhile, as Sarah's boss waits to provide her with feedback, the rate of customer complaints has increased and this has tarnished the image of the organization as a whole.
1. identify the leadership skills does Airiel use in handling the problem. Explain your answer in detail. based on situation above, which leader would you choose to work with? why
2. Do you think Sarah's problem can be resolved? what should her bos do after getting to know about this situation?
Answers
Sarah's problem can be resolved if her boss takes immediate action after getting to know about the situation. Sarah's boss is aware of Sarah's behavior, but he is waiting for her year-end performance review to tell her where she is going wrong, which is not appropriate.
The rate of customer complaints has increased, and this has tarnished the image of the organization as a whole. Therefore, Sarah's boss should take action immediately after getting to know about the situation.Sarah's boss should provide her with feedback as soon as possible instead of waiting for the year-end performance review. Her boss should schedule a meeting with her and tell her what she is doing wrong and suggest ways to improve her performance. This will help Sarah to correct her mistakes and learn from them. Her boss should monitor her performance and give her regular feedback and support. He should also make her aware of the consequences of her actions and the impact it has on the organization as a whole. This will make her more accountable for her actions, and she will be more careful in the future. Her boss should also provide her with the necessary training and resources to help her improve her skills and performance.In conclusion, Sarah's problem can be resolved if her boss takes immediate action. Waiting for the year-end performance review is not appropriate as it can lead to a decline in the organization's performance and tarnish its image. Providing feedback and support will help Sarah to improve her performance and become more accountable for her actions.For such more question on consequences
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