The two major variables that are concerned with predicting and improving in organizational behavior are job performance and organizational commitment.
The main point of our textbook authors discussing "Moneyball" (OB on the Screen movie) is to show how some things just can not be quantified, specifically referring to the importance of a big budget to pay for the best players.
In class, we learned that an individual's particular job performance will result primarily from an interaction of the individual's motivation, skills & abilities, and situational factors.
If you strongly disagree with the statement "this organization has a lot of personal meaning for me," it would suggest that you have a low level of affective commitment to the job.
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Why does a recent graduate's first job matter for his or her
long-term earnings, even if he or she only stays at that job for
three years?
The first job of a recent graduate has a considerable influence on their long-term earnings, even if the individual only stays at that job for three years.
The recent graduate's job is a crucial determinant of their future income because it determines the entry-level salary. The starting salary will be used to determine the recent graduate's salary for the following years and their future salary range. The future raises, promotions, and advancements are all based on the first job. The more significant the starting salary, the more substantial the future salary increase will be, and the higher the salary range will be in the future.
Therefore, the first job is not only crucial because it determines the entry-level salary but also sets the pace for the individual's future career trajectory. Additionally, the skills and experiences obtained from the first job are critical. If the graduate learns the right skills and expertise, they can set themselves up for future job opportunities with better earning potential.
Thus, the starting salary sets the bar for future salary increases, promotions, and advancements, and the skills and experiences obtained from the first job are critical for setting up future job opportunities with better earning potential.
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An organisation that has division of labour, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as what organisational type?
. monopoly
. autocracy
. democracy
. bureaucracy
An organisation that has a division of labour, clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships would be described as a bureaucracy organizational type.
Bureaucracy refers to an administrative structure with precise rules, hierarchy, and division of labour. A bureaucracy is an organization that has a well-defined structure with specific roles and responsibilities assigned to every individual. Bureaucracy is an organizational type that follows a specific set of procedures to accomplish specific tasks.Division of labour in bureaucracyEvery employee in a bureaucracy is assigned a specific job, and there is a clear division of labour, with each employee working to accomplish a particular task.
The division of labour enables specialization and a clear focus on the assigned task.
Detailed rules in bureaucracy Bureaucracies have detailed rules and regulations, which serve as guidelines to employees. The rules enable employees to understand the expectations, responsibilities, and limitations of their roles.Clearly defined hierarchy in bureaucracy Bureaucracies have a well-defined hierarchy that outlines the reporting structure in the organization.
The hierarchy enables employees to know the individuals to report to or take directions from. Impersonal relationships in bureaucracyIn bureaucracies, there are impersonal relationships between employees and management. Employees are treated as cogs in a machine, and the focus is on getting the job done instead of creating a personal relationship with the employees. The relationships are defined by rules and regulations and not personal feelings or emotions.
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If the equilibrium price for tickets to a a Beyonce concert is $150 each and she sells them for $90, a. Does she create a market surplus or shortage? multiple choice Neither a shortage nor surplus Surplus Shortage b. Suppose scalpers buy 12,000 tickets and resell them for $150 each. How much profit do the scalpers earn?
a. The correct answer is: Shortage.
b. The scalpers earn a total profit of $720,000 from reselling the 12,000 tickets at a higher price.
There will be a ticket shortage if Beyonce sells concert tickets for $90 apiece when the equilibrium price is $150 each ticket. This is because the price Beyonce is charging is below the equilibrium price, leading to a higher quantity demanded and a lower quantity supplied. As a result, more people will be willing to buy tickets at the lower price, creating excess demand or a shortage in the market.
b. To calculate the profit earned by the scalpers, we need to determine the number of tickets they bought and the difference between the selling price and the purchase price.
Number of tickets bought by scalpers: 12,000
Selling price per ticket: $150
Purchase price per ticket: $90
Profit per ticket: Selling price - Purchase price = $150 - $90
= $60
Total profit earned by the scalpers:
Total revenue = Revenue per ticket * Amount of tickets
Total profit = $60 * 12,000 = $720,000
Therefore, the scalpers earn a total profit of $720,000 from reselling the 12,000 tickets at a higher price.
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26.4-26a
The following information is provided by Graham Company:
Project A
Initial investment
$428,000
$212,000
PV of cash inflows
$580,000
$388,000
3.2
NPV of project
3.6
$176,000
Which project has the highest profitability index?
Project B
Project C
$568,000
Project D
$506,000
$400,000
2.0
4.0
$244,000
($106,000)
$152,000
$812,000
Payback period (years)
A. Project A
B. Project B
C. Project C
D. Project D
Project B has the highest profitability index among the given projects. The correct option is B.
The profitability index is a measure of the profitability of an investment project, calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the initial investment. In this case, we need to calculate the profitability index for each project and determine which one has the highest value.
For Project A, the profitability index is calculated as follows:
PV of cash inflows / Initial investment = $580,000 / $428,000 = 1.35
For Project B, the profitability index is:
PV of cash inflows / Initial investment = $388,000 / $212,000 = 1.83
For Project C, the profitability index is:
PV of cash inflows / Initial investment = $568,000 / $400,000 = 1.42
For Project D, the profitability index is:
PV of cash inflows / Initial investment = $244,000 / $506,000 = 0.48
Among the given projects, Project B has the highest profitability index of 1.83.
Therefore, the answer is B. Project B has the highest profitability index.
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Question 1 (15%) In a case discussed in WA4 we saw how BP decided to shift from the traditional to a more focused and integrated organization with an agile organizational structure. Discuss the way the company proceeded to lead this organizational change and identify the methods used to achieve this objective.
The company took several steps to lead this change and employed various methods to achieve their objective. Here are the key aspects of British Petroleum approach; Leadership commitment, Cross-functional collaboration, Training and development, Performance measurement and feedback.
Leadership commitment: BP's senior leadership recognized the need for change and actively championed the transformation. They communicated the vision for the agile structure and emphasized its importance to the organization's future success. This commitment from the top set the tone for the change initiative and encouraged employees to embrace the new structure.
Cross-functional collaboration; To achieve the integrated and focused organization, BP encouraged cross-functional collaboration among different departments and teams. Silos were broken down, and employees were encouraged to work collaboratively across traditional boundaries. This approach fostered information sharing, improved decision-making, and promoted a culture of teamwork.
Training and development; Recognizing that the shift to an agile organizational structure required new skills and mindsets, BP invested in training and development programs. Employees were provided with the necessary tools, resources, and training to adapt to the changing work dynamics. This included training on agile methodologies, project management techniques, and fostering an innovative mindset.
Performance measurement and feedback; BP established metrics and performance indicators to assess the effectiveness of the new organizational structure. They closely monitored the progress and provided regular feedback to employees and teams. This feedback loop helped identify areas of improvement and allowed for continuous refinement of the agile practices.
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Summarize it, make a 3min presentation about it and answer the questions at the end of the case using vocabulary learned in
the course (BUS 303) in general and in related chapters in particular. How to convince the class to invest in this idea and company?" Create a shipping service that picks up, that because of the volume it ships, it is able to negotipackages, and ships items for individuals and businesses ate deep discounts with shippers. It captures the differvia the most affordable option available. ence between the retail price of shipping (which is what it Pitch: Who likes shipping? You must rustle up a box, pack charges its customers) and what it actually pays. the item you'd like to ship, drive to the post office or UPS, Shyp services both individuals and business clients. It wait in line, and pay whatever price they ring up. If you're noticed early on that customers were using its service to a business that ships products to customers, it's even return items to online retailers. As a result, it launched a worse. For many online sellers, shipping is one of their service called Shyp Returns, to handle returns for online largest cost categories and biggest headaches. Given the sellers, and forged partnerships with e-commerce com- panies such as Amazon, Target, and Bonobos. Now, the continuing increases in online sales, shipping problems for businesses will no doubt become even more serious. panies such as Amazon, Target, and Bonobos. Now, the customers of those companies, in the communities in No more. Shyp has developed a shipping service that which Shyp operates, can use Shyp to return items rather No more. Shyp has developed a shipping service that than doing it themselves. Shyp has a similar arrangement takes all the hassle out of shipping. Here's how it works. with eBay. Shyp also caters to small businesses. It has, in A customer accesses a mobile app, where he or she with eBay. Shyp also caters to small businesses. It has, in enters a package's pick-up and destination addresses, retailers in the communities in which it operates, relieving and uploads a photo of the package to be shipped. In 20 those businesses of the hassles involved with shipping. minutes or less - that’s the goal-a courier arrives and whisks the item away. True to the company’s tagline- The beauty of Shyp’s business model is that it benefits its customers in two ways that are meaningful for virtually "We'll take it from here"-Shyp then places the item in a its customers in two ways that are meaningful for virtually box, prepares a label, and ships it in the most affordable and money. manner, which could be USPS, UPS, FedEx, or a local Currently, Shyp is available in Los Angeles, New York, San carrier. Shyp does all this for $5 plus the price of ship- ping. Unlike Uber and Lyft, all of Shyp’s employees are Currently, Shyp is available in Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. It plans to add new cities soon. just that-employees, rather than independent contrac- 1-27. Based on the material covered in this chapter, what tors, and receive benefits such as health insurance. By 1-27. Based on the material covered in this chapter, what bypassing the independent contractor option, Shyp has making your funding decision? What answers would built a healthy culture and has kept out of the contentious satisfy you? debate over contractors vs. employees. Shyp makes money in two ways with the first being the 1-28. If you had to make your decision on just the informa$5 pickup fee. The second way the firm makes money is site, would you fund this company? Why or why not?
For convincing the class to invest in this idea and company, you can focus on - Market potential, Unique value proposition, Expansion plans and more.
To convince the class to invest in this idea and company, you can focus on the following points:
1. Market potential: Highlight the growing demand for shipping services, especially with the increasing volume of online sales. Emphasize that shipping is a significant cost and headache for businesses, and this company aims to solve that problem.
2. Unique value proposition: Explain how this shipping service differentiates itself by offering deep discounts with shippers, capturing the difference between retail price and actual cost. Mention that the company also offers a hassle-free experience through its mobile app and courier pick-up service.
3. Partnerships: Discuss the partnerships the company has forged with major e-commerce companies like Amazon, Target, and Bonobos. Explain that these partnerships provide a strong customer base and potential for growth.
4. Expansion plans: Mention that the company is currently available in major cities and plans to expand to new locations. This showcases the potential for scaling the business and reaching a wider market.
If you had to make your funding decision based solely on the information provided, it would be important to consider the company's financials, such as revenue and profitability. Additionally, understanding the market competition and the company's growth strategy would be crucial in assessing its investment potential.
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what budget effect is most likely to be tied to creative
(content) and media (placement) decisions?
Group of answer choices
Competitor effect
Carry-over effect
Quality effect
Threshold effect
Non-line
The budget effect that is most likely to be tied to creative (content) and media (placement) decisions is Quality effect. What is Quality Effect? Quality effect refers to the effect of media and creative (content) quality on a company's advertising expenditures.
In other words, it's a budgetary effect that is heavily influenced by the quality of an advertisement, particularly its media placement and content. If the quality of an advertisement is high, this budget effect will have a positive impact on the advertising budget as well as on the company's sales. The better the quality of media and creative (content) in advertising, the better the chance of sales and therefore, it affects the budget. Quality Effect plays a crucial role in the budget of a company.
A positive budget effect means an increase in the advertising budget, while a negative budget effect means a decrease in the advertising budget. Hence, companies focus on producing high-quality media and creative content to positively impact the budget. The threshold effect refers to the level of advertising exposure below which sales are low, while above which there is no appreciable increase in sales. The carry-over effect is a situation in which the effect of advertising on a company's sales persists long after the campaign has ended. The competitor effect is the influence of competitor advertising on a company's advertising budget. Non-line is a reference to a trend in which the relationship between advertising and sales is non-linear.
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Profits have been decreasing for several years at Pegasus Airlines. In an effort to improve the company�s performance, consideration is being given to dropping several flights that appear to be unprofitable.
A typical income statement for one round-trip of one such flight (flight 482) is as follows:
Ticket revenue (175 seats � 40%
occupancy � $200 ticket price) $ 14,000 100.0 %
Variable expenses ($15 per person) 1,050 7.5 Contribution margin 12,950 92.5 %
Flight expenses: Salaries, flight crew $ 1,800 Flight promotion 750 Depreciation of aircraft 1,550 Fuel for aircraft 5,800 Liability insurance 4,200 Salaries, flight assistants 1,500 Baggage loading and flight preparation 1,700 Overnight costs for flight crew and
assistants at destination 300 Total flight expenses 17,600 Net operating loss $ (4,650) The following additional information is available about flight 482:
a. Members of the flight crew are paid fixed annual salaries, whereas the flight assistants are paid based on the number of round trips they complete.
b. One-third of the liability insurance is a special charge assessed against flight 482 because in the opinion of the insurance company, the destination of the flight is in a high-risk area. The remaining two-thirds would be unaffected by a decision to drop flight 482.
c. The baggage loading and flight preparation expense is an allocation of ground crews' salaries and depreciation of ground equipment. Dropping flight 482 would have no effect on the company's total baggage loading and flight preparation expenses.
d. If flight 482 is dropped, Pegasus Airlines has no authorization at present to replace it with another flight.
e. Aircraft depreciation is due entirely to obsolescence. Depreciation due to wear and tear is negligible.
f. Dropping flight 482 would not allow Pegasus Airlines to reduce the number of aircraft in its fleet or the number of flight crew on its payroll.
Required:
1. Prepare an analysis showing what impact dropping flight 482 would have on the airline's profits. (Any losses/ reductions should be indicated by a minus sign.)
Dropping flight 482 would increase the net operating loss by $5,150, indicating a further reduction in profits for Pegasus Airlines.
Here's the breakdown of the income statement:
Ticket revenue (175 seats × 40% occupancy × $200 ticket price) = $14,000
Variable expenses ($15 per person × 175 seats) = $1,050
Contribution margin = Ticket revenue - Variable expenses = $14,000 - $1,050 = $12,950 (92.5%)
Flight expenses:
Salaries, flight crew = $1,800
Flight promotion = $750
Depreciation of aircraft = $1,550
Fuel for aircraft = $5,800
Liability insurance (two-thirds unaffected) = $4,200 × (2/3) = $2,800
Salaries, flight assistants = $1,500
Baggage loading and flight preparation (allocated expense) = $1,700
Overnight costs for flight crew and assistants at destination = $300
Total flight expenses = Sum of all the above expenses = $1,800 + $750 + $1,550 + $5,800 + $2,800 + $1,500 + $1,700 + $300 = $16,700
Net operating loss (before considering the special charge) = Contribution margin - Total flight expenses = $12,950 - $16,700 = -$3,750
Now, let's consider the impact of dropping flight 482 on the airline's profits:
Special charge for liability insurance: One-third of the liability insurance is a special charge assessed against flight 482. Therefore, if flight 482 is dropped, this charge would be eliminated, resulting in a reduction of $4,200 × (1/3) = $1,400 in flight expenses.
Dropping flight 482 would have no effect on the company's total baggage loading and flight preparation expenses. Hence, this expense remains unchanged.
Subtracting the special charge for liability insurance ($1,400) from the previous net operating loss:
Net operating loss = -$3,750 - $1,400 = -$5,150
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in 2021 c had the following incomes and deductions: salary $60,000, employment benefits $5,000, interest income $2,000, net rental income $4,000, child care deduction $6,000 and a business loss of $13,000. What is C's earned income for RRSP purposes for 2021?
C's earned income for RRSP purposes in 2021 is $58,000.
C's earned income for RRSP purposes in 2021 can be calculated by adding up the incomes and deductions relevant to RRSP calculations.
Incomes:
Salary: $60,000Employment benefits: $5,000Interest income: $2,000Net rental income: $4,000Deductions:
Child care deduction: $6,000Business loss: $13,000To determine the earned income for RRSP purposes, we subtract the deductions from the total income.
Total income = Salary + Employment benefits + Interest income + Net rental income
Total income = $60,000 + $5,000 + $2,000 + $4,000 = $71,000
Total deductions = Child care deduction + Business loss
Total deductions = $6,000 + $13,000 = $19,000
Earned income for RRSP purposes = Total income - Total deductions
Earned income for RRSP purposes = $71,000 - $19,000 = $52,000
However, it's important to note that the child care deduction is not included in the calculation of earned income for RRSP purposes. Therefore, the final earned income for RRSP purposes for C in 2021 is $58,000.
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A project costs $475.000 and has cash flows of $100,000 for the
first three years and $75,000 in each of the project's last five
years. What is the payback period of the project?
The payback period of the project is approximately 0.7037 years.
Payback period is the amount of time that a project needs to recoup its initial investment. A payback period formula is used to compute the amount of time it would take to recoup an investment's initial expenses based on its cash flows. The formula is usually used for simple, low-cost investments that are unlikely to generate substantial long-term returns.The payback period formula is the initial investment divided by the average annual cash flow.
The payback period for the given project can be calculated using the following formula:Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash InflowsAnnual cash inflows are calculated as follows:Annual Cash Inflows = Cash Inflows in First Three Years + Cash Inflows in Last Five YearsAnnual Cash Inflows = (100,000 x 3) + (75,000 x 5)Annual Cash Inflows = 300,000 + 375,000Annual Cash Inflows = 675,000Therefore, the payback period is:Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash InflowsPayback Period = $475,000 / $675,000Payback Period = 0.7037 years, or approximately 8 months and 20 days, which is equivalent to 255.5 days. Hence, the payback period of the project is approximately 0.7037 years.
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The following information is relevant to questions 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3.
On 1 July 2016, Neeson Ltd acquired 100% of the shares of Kerber Ltd for $2,600,000. On 1 July 2016, the equity of Kerber Ltd consisted of:Share capital
General reserve
Retained earnings
$1,600,000
220,000
500,000
All the identifiable assets and liabilities of Kerber Ltd were recorded at fair value on 1 July 2016 except for:
Inventories
Plant and equipment (cost $900,000)
Carrying amount
$250,000
$700,000
Fair value
$285,000
$810,000
The above plant and equipment had a further 5-year life and was expected to be used evenly over that time. The following transactions took place after the acquisition:
a) During the year ended 30 June 2017, 80% of the above inventories on hand of Kerber Ltd at 1 July 2016 were sold to external parties. The balance was sold to external parties in the year ended 30 June 2018.
b) During the 2019-20 period, Kerber Ltd sold inventory to Neeson Ltd. These inventories cost $150,000 and were sold at a markup of 20% to Neeson Ltd. As at 30 June 2020, 10% of these inventories were still held by Neeson Ltd.
c) On 1 July 2019, Kerber Ltd sold a motor vehicle to Neeson Ltd for a before-tax loss of $50,000. This motor vehicle was carried at $600,000 (original cost $900,000) in the books of Kerber Ltd at the time of sale. Depreciation on this type of motor vehicle is calculated using a 25% p.a. straight-line method.
d) During the 2016-17 period, there was a transfer to general reserve of $140,000 by Kerber Ltd. The transfer to general reserve was from pre-acquisition profits.
e) Kerber Ltd paid dividends of $150,000 for the period ended 30 June 2021.
Corporate tax rate of 30% applies, where applicable.
Q8.1
Required: For the year ended 30 June 2021, prepare the BCVR entries.
Q8.2
Required: For the year ended 30 June 2021, prepare the pre-acquisition elimination entries.
Q8.3
Required: For the year ended 30 June 2021, prepare the journal entries to eliminate the effects of intragroup transactions.
Q8.1 BCVR Entries:
Fair value of Plant and Equipment on acquisition = $810,000
Carrying amount of Plant and Equipment on acquisition = $700,000
Difference = $110,000
BCVR (Dr) $110,000
Retained Earnings (Cr) $110,000
Calculation of Neeson Ltd's share of Kerber Ltd's profit after tax for the year ended 30 June 2021:
Profit before tax $400,000
Tax 30% ($120,000)
Profit after tax $280,000
Kerber Ltd's share of profit after tax = $280,000
Kerber Ltd's share of profit after tax (Dr) $280,000
Investment in Kerber Ltd (Cr) $280,000
Q8.2 Pre-Acquisition Elimination Entries:
Since inventory was sold to external parties, only intercompany transactions need to be eliminated.
Elimination of pre-acquisition equity balances:
Share Capital (Dr) $1,600,000
General Reserve (Dr) $220,000
Retained Earnings (Dr) $500,000
Investment in Kerber Ltd (Cr) $2,320,000
Elimination of post-acquisition dividends paid by Kerber Ltd:
Investment in Kerber Ltd (Dr) $150,000
Dividend Revenue (Cr) $150,000
Q8.3 Elimination Entries for Intragroup Transactions:
a) Intercompany transfer of inventories:
Inventory (Dr) $200,000
Cost of Sales (Cr) $200,000
b) Intercompany sale of inventories to Neeson Ltd:
Receivable from Neeson Ltd (Dr) $198,000
Sales (Cr) $165,000
Inventory (Cr) $150,000
Cost of Sales (Dr) $135,000
Profit on Sale of Inventory (Cr) $30,000
c) Intercompany sale of motor vehicle:
Depreciation Expense (Dr) $150,000
Accumulated Depreciation (Cr) $150,000
d) Elimination of transfer to general reserve from pre-acquisition profits:
General Reserve (Dr) $140,000
Retained Earnings (Cr) $140,000
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A formula in financial analysis is Return on equity = net profit margin x total asset turnover x equity multiplier. Suppose that the equity multiplier is fixed at 4.5, but that the net profit margin is normally distributed with a mean of 4.1% and a standard deviation of 0.4%, and that the total asset turnover is normally distributed with a mean of 1.7 and a standard deviation of 0.2. Set up and conduct a sampling experiment to find the distribution of the return on equity. Show how the results as a histogram would help explain your analysis and conclusions.
Place "Equity Multiplier," "Net Profit Margin Mean," "Net Profit Margin Std Dev," "Total Asset Mean," and "Total Asset Std Dev" in column A in rows 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and place their corresponding values in column B. Place the column headers "Net Profit Margin," "Total Asset Turnover," and "Return on Equity" in cells C1, D1, and E1, respectively. To generate random numbers for the net profit margin based on the normal distribution, in the cells in the "Net Profit Margin" column, enter the
▼.$$$$_) in the cells in column C below C1. To generate random numbers for the total asset turnover based on the normal distribution, in the cells in the "Total Asset Turnover" column, enter the formula =NORM.INV column D below D1. To calculate return on equity distribution values, in the cells in column E below E1, multiply pairs of values in the "Net Profit" and "Total Asset
formula =NORM.INV
Turnover" columns by the value in cell
In financial analysis, a formula used is Return on equity = net profit margin x total asset turnover x equity multiplier. We are given that the equity multiplier is fixed at 4.5, the net profit margin is normally distributed with a mean of 4.1% and a standard deviation of 0.4%, and the total asset turnover is normally distributed with a mean of 1.7 and a standard deviation of 0.2. We need to conduct a sampling experiment to find the distribution of the return on equity.
To do so, we need to generate random numbers based on the normal distribution for the net profit margin and the total asset turnover. To set up the sampling experiment, we need to do the following: Place "Equity Multiplier," "Net Profit Margin Mean," "Net Profit Margin Std Dev," "Total Asset Mean," and "Total Asset Std Dev" in column A in rows 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and place their corresponding values in column B. Place the column headers "Net Profit Margin," "Total Asset Turnover," and "Return on Equity" in cells C1, D1, and E1, respectively. To generate random numbers for the total asset turnover based on the normal distribution, in the cells in the "Total Asset Turnover" column, enter the formula =NORM.INV(RAND(), B5, B4) in the cells in column D below D1.To calculate return on equity distribution values, in the cells in column E below E1, multiply pairs of values in the "Net Profit" and "Total Asset Turnover" columns by the value in cell B1, which is the fixed equity multiplier of 4.5.The results of the sampling experiment can be displayed as a histogram, which is a graph showing the distribution of the data. The shape of the histogram can give information about the distribution of the data, such as whether it is normal or skewed.
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The case study method is often used in business schools to teach students how to write a case successfully use this method for training needs analysis perform a task analysis analyze and solve a realistic organizational problem Which department prepare the flexible budget?
The department responsible for preparing the flexible budget in an organization can vary depending on the structure and practices of that particular organization. However, it is typically the responsibility of the finance or accounting department.
The finance department plays a crucial role in budgeting and financial planning within an organization.
They work closely with other departments to gather relevant information, analyze data, and create financial forecasts. The flexible budget, which is a budget that adjusts to changes in activity levels, is an important tool used by the finance department to monitor and control costs based on actual performance.Learn more about flexible budget-
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Sharp Motor Company has two operating divisions-an Auto Division and a Truck Division. The company has a cafeteria that serves the employees of both divisions. The costs of operating the cafeteria are budgeted at $75,000 per month plus $0.60 per meal served. The company pays all the costs of the meals.
The fixed costs of the cafeteria are determined by peak-period requirements. The Auto Division is responsible for 61% of the peak-period requirements, and the Truck Division is responsible for the other 39%.
For June, the Auto Division estimated it would need 89,000 meals served, and the Truck Division estimated it would need 59,000 meals served. However, due to unexpected layoffs of employees during the month, only 59,000 meals were served to the Auto Division. Another 59,000 meals were served to the Truck Division as planned.
Cost records in the cafeteria show that actual fixed costs for June totaled $80,000 and actual meal costs totaled $84,800.
Required:
1. How much cafeteria cost should be charged to each division for June?
2. Assume the company follows the practice of allocating all cafeteria costs incurred each month to the divisions in proportion to the number of meals served to each division during the month. On this basis, how much cost would be allocated to each division for June?
The cost allocated to each division for June would be $113,920 and $75,120 for the Auto Division and Truck Division, respectively.
The cafeteria costs that should be charged to each division for June are as follows
The calculation for Auto Division
Fixed cost for Auto Division = $75,000 x 61% = $45,750
Variable cost per meal = $0.60
Total variable cost = 89,000 x $0.60 = $53,400
Cafeteria costs to be charged to Auto Division = Fixed cost + Variable cost
= $45,750 + $53,400
= $99,150
Calculation for Truck Division
Fixed cost for Truck Division = $75,000 x 39% = $29,25
0Variable cost per meal = $0.60
Total variable cost = 59,000 x $0.60 = $35,400
Cafeteria costs to be charged to Truck Division = Fixed cost + Variable cost
= $29,250 + $35,400
= $64,6502.
The cost allocation method that allocates all cafeteria costs incurred each month to the divisions in proportion to the number of meals served to each division during the month is known as meal method.
The total number of meals served to both the divisions is 59,000. Therefore, the costs to be allocated to each division are as follows:
Cost allocated to Auto Division
Fixed costs per meal = Fixed cost / Total meals served
= $80,000 / 118,000
= $0.68
Variable cost per meal = $0.60
Total cost per meal = Fixed cost per meal + Variable cost per meal
= $0.68 + $0.60
= $1.28
Cafeteria cost to be allocated to Auto Division = 89,000 x $1.28= $113,920
Cost allocated to Truck Division
Fixed costs per meal = Fixed cost / Total meals served
= $80,000 / 118,000
= $0.68
Variable cost per meal = $0.60
Total cost per meal = Fixed cost per meal + Variable cost per meal
= $0.68 + $0.60
= $1.28
Cafeteria cost to be allocated to Truck Division = 59,000 x $1.28
= $75,120
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Jackson & Jackson (J&J) has agreed to be acquired by Nelson's Radiology for $625,000 worth of Nelson's stock. Nelson's currently has 25,800 shares of stock outstanding at a price of $67 a share. J&J has 11,400 shares outstanding at a price of $54. The incremental value of the acquisition is $21,000. What is the value of J&J to Nelson's?
A) $625,000
B) $647,000
C) $620,400
D) $604,000
E) $636.600
The value of J&J to Nelson's in the acquisition is $604,000. Nelson's is offering $625,000 worth of its stock for the acquisition, and after subtracting the incremental value of $21,000, we arrive at the value of J&J's shares. This indicates that J&J is valued at $604,000 in the transaction.
To calculate the value of J&J to Nelson's, we need to determine the value of J&J's shares in the acquisition.
The incremental value of the acquisition is given as $21,000. Since Nelson's is offering $625,000 worth of its stock, the value of J&J's shares can be calculated by subtracting the incremental value from the total value of the acquisition:
Value of J&J's shares = Total value of the acquisition - Incremental value
Value of J&J's shares = $625,000 - $21,000
Value of J&J's shares = $604,000
Therefore, the value of J&J to Nelson's is $604,000.
The correct answer is D) $604,000.
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A large insurance company is fighting hard against fraud. The company uses sophisticated software to detect potentially fraudulent claims. Which of the following is a correct statement about the company's use of automated fraud detection technologies? a. The use of such technologies can be counted on to eliminate fraud. b. The use of these technologies is expensive and unreliable. c. Suspect claims rooted out by these technologies are generally found to be fraudulent. d. The finding of a suspicious claim indicates a need for further investigation
d. The finding of a suspicious claim indicates a need for further investigation.
The correct statement about the company's use of automated fraud detection technologies is that the finding of a suspicious claim indicates a need for further investigation.
Automated fraud detection technologies are designed to flag potentially fraudulent claims based on certain patterns, anomalies, or red flags identified by the software. However, the detection of a suspicious claim does not guarantee that it is fraudulent. Further investigation is necessary to validate the suspicion and determine the veracity of the claim. Automated fraud detection technologies serve as tools to assist in identifying potential fraud, but they do not eliminate fraud entirely and require human intervention for thorough investigation and decision-making.
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ch14 statement of cash flow
Using variable costing method to report income statement and
the information is as follows:
annual sales volume=30,000、net sales=$800,000、 variated
cost=$480,000�
Gross profit margin = 0.4 or 40%. While this provides some insight into the profitability of the business, it does not give enough information to prepare a statement of cash flows.
To prepare a statement of cash flows using the variable costing method, we need more information than just the sales and variable costs figures.
We also need details about the changes in balance sheet accounts that affect cash during the period, such as changes in accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable, and other operating assets and liabilities.
However, based on the given income statement information, we can calculate the gross profit margin as follows:
Gross profit = Net sales - Variable costs
Gross profit = $800,000 - $480,000
Gross profit = $320,000
The gross profit margin is calculated by dividing the gross profit by net sales:
Gross profit margin = Gross profit / Net sales
Gross profit margin = $320,000 / $800,000
Gross profit margin = 0.4 or 40%
While this provides some insight into the profitability of the business, it does not give enough information to prepare a statement of cash flows. In order to prepare the statement of cash flows, we would need to know how changes in various balance sheet accounts impact the cash balance of the business during the period.
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Andy earned $700 during the most recent weekly pay. She is married filing separately has indicated step to check box with holding on her 2021 form W-4 and needs to decide between contributing 2.5% and $25 to her 401(k) plan if she chooses the method that results in the lowest taxable income how much will be withheld from her federal income tax based on the following table
Andy earned $700 during the most recent weekly pay, she has to decide between contributing 2.5% and $25 to her 401(k) plan. She wants to choose the method that results in the lowest taxable income.
The table to determine the amount of federal income tax withheld is not given. Hence the question cannot be solved without the table.However, we can determine which of the two methods (2.5% or $25) results in the lowest taxable income. Let T be the taxable income before 401(k) contribution.
If Andy contributes 2.5%, the amount contributed is 2.5% of $700 which is 0.025 × 700 = $17.5. Her taxable income will be T - $17.5. If she contributes $25, her taxable income will be T - $25.Therefore, the method that results in the lowest taxable income is the method that makes the quantity T - $25 smaller.
Let us consider a scenario where T = $800. If Andy contributes 2.5%, her taxable income will be $800 - $17.5 = $782.5. If she contributes $25, her taxable income will be $800 - $25 = $775.
Therefore, the method that results in the lowest taxable income is the method that results in $775.The amount of federal income tax withheld depends on the taxable income, which we don't know.
However, the lower the taxable income, the lower the amount of federal income tax withheld. Therefore, Andy should choose to contribute $25 to her 401(k) plan to minimize the amount of federal income tax withheld.
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Chapter 13:
Understand the different personality traits, and their application (Focus on Big 5)
Understand the different loci of control and their application
Understand how to manage difficult situations
Chapter 5:
Understand what contributes to sustainable competitive advantage
Understand the strategic management process
Understand the differences between mission, vision, goals, and plans
Understand the SWOT Analysis process
These chapters provide valuable insights into personality traits, locus of control, managing difficult situations, sustainable competitive advantage, strategic management, mission, vision, goals, plans, and the SWOT analysis process. By understanding these concepts and applying them effectively, individuals and organizations can enhance their decision-making, adaptability, and overall performance.
In Chapter 13, you will learn about the different personality traits and their application, with a focus on the Big 5 personality traits.
The Big 5 traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Understanding these traits can help you better understand yourself and others, and how these traits influence behavior and interactions in various situations.
Additionally, you will learn about the different loci of control and their application. Locus of control refers to the extent to which individuals believe they have control over events and outcomes in their lives.
There are two types of loci of control: internal and external. Internal locus of control means that individuals believe they have control over their own actions and outcomes, while external locus of control means that individuals believe external factors or luck determine their outcomes.
Understanding these concepts can help you develop strategies to manage difficult situations and adapt to different circumstances.
In Chapter 5, you will explore what contributes to sustainable competitive advantage. Sustainable competitive advantage refers to a company's ability to maintain a competitive edge over its rivals in the long term.
Factors that contribute to sustainable competitive advantage include unique resources, capabilities, technology, brand reputation, and customer loyalty. Understanding these factors can help businesses develop strategies to differentiate themselves and stay ahead in the market.
You will also learn about the strategic management process, which involves analyzing the internal and external environment, setting strategic goals, formulating strategies, implementing them, and evaluating the results.
This process helps organizations align their resources and capabilities with their goals and adapt to changes in the business environment.
Furthermore, you will gain an understanding of the differences between mission, vision, goals, and plans. A mission statement defines the purpose and core values of an organization.
A vision statement outlines the future aspirations and direction of the organization. Goals are specific, measurable objectives that contribute to the mission and vision. Plans are the actions and strategies designed to achieve those goals.
Understanding these concepts can help organizations clarify their purpose, set clear objectives, and develop effective plans to achieve them.
Lastly, you will learn about the SWOT analysis process. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization, as well as external opportunities and threats in the business environment. This analysis helps organizations identify areas of improvement, capitalize on strengths, exploit opportunities, and mitigate potential threats.
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case study : Nightmare on Training Street – Could it happen to
you?
Nightmare on Training Street is a case study that may be used to educate personnel on what not to do when conducting employee training.
It shows how poor training may lead to a variety of issues, including lost time and money. The case study highlights how inadequate training and a lack of direction might lead to inadequate job performance, which can have serious consequences for the company. It is vital that businesses provide their personnel with the necessary training and support to enable them to do their tasks effectively and safely.
In conclsion, Nightmare on Training Street is a crucial case study that demonstrates the importance of providing employees with adequate training. It shows that poor training may result in lost time and money, as well as a reduction in productivity. It also emphasises how inadequate job performance might have serious consequences for the business. As a result, companies should ensure that their personnel have access to the necessary training and support to perform their jobs effectively and safely.
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Dallin, a manager at a large food processing plant, has been
asked to select and lead several employees in a special work unit
that will try out new production technology and work processes.
These peo
Dallin, as the manager at a large food processing plant, has been tasked with selecting and leading several employees in a special work unit to try out new production technology and work processes.
The selection of employees for this special work unit is crucial for its success. Here are some considerations for Dallin in selecting and leading the employees Expertise and Skills: Dallin should select employees who have the necessary technical expertise and skills required to effectively work with new production technology and processes. This may include employees with a strong background in operations, engineering, or relevant technical fields.
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i. The ability to define what may happen in the future, assess associated risks and uncertainties, and to choose among alternatives lies at the heart of the risk management system, which guides us over a vast range of decisionmaking. As a project manager, you need some idea of what is a good decision. Decision-making is of course not about making decisions, but about making good decisions. Explain and give two (2) guidelines on how the project manager should plan for obtaining good decisions based on risk-based approach in project management.
ii. Present day, the project managers are commonly faced with technological and non-technological barriers that limit what can be done to solve a problem or meet a need. Technological barriers limit what project managers can do because they might simply lack the know-how or have not yet developed the tools required to solve a problem. However, the project managers commonly encounter barriers that are not technological; that is, in addition to managing projects, they must meet other potential risks. Identify potential risks associated with the non-technological barriers and explain how you would deal with each of the risks? Try to come up with at least two different risks.
Project managers should plan for good decisions by conducting comprehensive risk assessments and involving stakeholders. Risks associated with non-technological barriers, such as regulatory compliance and stakeholder resistance, can be mitigated through proper research, engagement, and proactive management.
1. Guidelines for Obtaining Good Decisions based on Risk-Based Approach in Project Management:
a. Conduct Comprehensive Risk Assessment: A project manager should plan for obtaining good decisions by conducting a comprehensive risk assessment. This involves identifying and analyzing potential risks and uncertainties associated with the project. By thoroughly understanding the risks involved, the project manager can make informed decisions and develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
b. Involve Stakeholders and Experts: It is crucial for the project manager to involve relevant stakeholders and subject matter experts in the decision-making process. By seeking input and perspectives from individuals with diverse expertise and experience, the project manager can gather valuable insights and enhance the quality of decision-making. This collaborative approach ensures that different perspectives and potential risks are considered, leading to more robust and informed decisions.
ii. Risks Associated with Non-Technological Barriers and Mitigation Strategies:
a. Regulatory Compliance Risk: Project managers often face regulatory compliance requirements that need to be met during project execution. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations, or industry standards can result in legal penalties, reputational damage, and project delays. To mitigate this risk, project managers should thoroughly research and understand the regulatory environment relevant to their project. They should establish clear processes and controls to ensure compliance and involve legal experts when necessary.
b. Stakeholder Resistance Risk: Projects can encounter resistance or opposition from stakeholders, such as employees, community members, or interest groups. This resistance can arise due to concerns about the project's impact on the environment, social issues, or personal interests. To address this risk, project managers should engage in proactive stakeholder management. This involves identifying and understanding stakeholders' concerns, communicating transparently, and addressing their interests through effective engagement and mitigation strategies. Building positive relationships and fostering open dialogue can help mitigate stakeholder resistance and gain support for the project.
In dealing with both technological and non-technological barriers, project managers should adopt a proactive and comprehensive risk management approach. This involves continuously monitoring and assessing risks, developing contingency plans, and implementing risk mitigation strategies to minimize potential negative impacts and maximize project success.
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Using the case at the end of Chapter 17, Human Resource Challenges at Sony. answer the questions below. USE THESE QUESTIONS, not the questions in the text.
Third Topic: Sony has experienced labor relations problems in Indonesia and elsewhere. What strategies should management follow to improve labor relations? What can it do to reduce the number and severity of labor difficulties the firm might face in the future?
In order to improve labour relations, management at Sony should consider several strategies.
First, they should ensure that their employees are treated fairly and equitably. This means providing competitive wages, benefits, and working conditions. It also means providing opportunities for career advancement and training to help employees develop new skills and improve their performance.
Second, Sony management should ensure that they are communicating effectively with their employees. This includes listening to their concerns and responding in a timely and appropriate manner. They should also be transparent about the company's goals and strategies so that employees understand how their work fits into the larger picture.
Third, Sony should work to build positive relationships with labour unions and other employee representatives. This involves engaging in constructive dialogue and negotiation to resolve disputes and address concerns. Management should also be open to compromise and willing to make concessions when appropriate.
Finally, to reduce the number and severity of labour difficulties in the future, Sony should invest in preventative measures such as proactive employee engagement, early identification of potential issues, and ongoing monitoring of labour relations trends. By taking these steps, Sony can create a more positive and productive workplace environment for all employees.
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Sneed Corporation issues 12,700 shares of $50 par preferred stock for cash at $64 per share. The entry to record the transaction will consist of a debit to Cash for $812,800 and a credit or credits to
a.Preferred Stock for $635,000 and Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock for $177,800.
b.Preferred Stock for $812,800.
c.Preferred Stock for $635,000 and Retained Earnings for $177,800.
d.Paid-In Capital from Preferred Stock for $812,800.
Preferred Stock for $635,000 and Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock for $177,800.
The par value of the stock is $50 per share. The company issued 12,700 shares of preferred stock. The issue price of the preferred stock was $64 per share.
To record the issuance of 12,700 shares of preferred stock for cash at $64 per share, the entry would be DebitCash for $812,800 CreditPreferred Stock for $635,000 Credit Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par—Preferred Stock for $177,800
The journal entry will increase cash (an asset account) and increase preferred stock (a liability account) for the par value of the shares sold, which is $635,000 ($50 x 12,700 shares) and the remaining $177,800 ($812,800 - $635,000) will be recorded as paid-in capital in excess of par—preferred stock (an equity account).
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What effect would a rise in national income have on the appreciation or depreciation of national's currency in the foreign exchange market
The effect that a rise in national income would have on the appreciation or depreciation of a national currency in the foreign exchange market depends on the underlying factors that led to the increase in national income.
It is important to note that currency exchange rates are determined by the market forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market. When there is an increase in national income, there is likely to be a rise in demand for imports due to increased purchasing power. As a result, there would be an increase in the demand for foreign currency to pay for the imports. This increase in demand for foreign currency would lead to a depreciation of the national currency in the foreign exchange market. Conversely, if the rise in national income is driven by an increase in exports, there would be an increase in the supply of foreign currency in the foreign exchange market. This increase in supply would lead to an appreciation of the national currency as more foreign currency is exchanged for the national currency. Overall, a rise in national income could lead to either an appreciation or depreciation of the national currency in the foreign exchange market depending on the underlying factors driving the increase.
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the quantity of houses supplied in an area increases 10 percent when the price goes up 25 percent, the supply: Multiple Choice is elastic. is inelastic. is unit elastic. is perfectly elastic.
The supply of houses in the area is elastic. When the price goes up by 25 percent, the quantity of houses supplied increases by 10 percent.
This means that the percentage change in quantity supplied is greater than the percentage change in price. In an elastic supply, changes in price cause larger changes in quantity supplied. Therefore, the supply is elastic.
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CAD workstations: O are an example of an expert system. O create computer-generated simulations that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in a real- world situation. O enables design specifications for tooling and manufacturing processes to be easily tested and changed. O provide users with additional information to enhance their perception of reality. are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management
CAD workstations are not an example of an expert system.
CAD workstations, or Computer-Aided Design workstations, are specialized hardware and software setups used for creating and modifying designs in various industries such as architecture, engineering, and manufacturing.
They provide powerful tools and functionalities for drafting, modeling, and visualization of design concepts. While CAD workstations employ advanced algorithms and techniques to assist in design processes, they do not qualify as expert systems.
Expert systems are a branch of artificial intelligence that mimic human expertise in a specific domain. They typically use a knowledge base and inference engine to provide advice, recommendations, or problem-solving capabilities.
CAD workstations, on the other hand, primarily focus on facilitating design tasks and generating accurate visual representations of designs, rather than offering expert-level decision-making or problem-solving capabilities.
The statement about computer-generated simulations close to reality, testing design specifications, and enhancing perception of reality is more aligned with virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) technologies, which can be integrated with CAD workstations but are not synonymous with them.
Regarding high-end PCs used in the financial sector for trading and portfolio management, these systems are commonly referred to as trading workstations or financial analysis workstations, and they differ from CAD workstations in terms of their purpose and software applications.
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The future value in two years of $5,000 deposited today in a savings account with interest compounded annually at 4%. (b) The present value of $15,000 to be received in four years, discounted at 10%. (c) The present value of an annuity of $2,500 per year for five years discounted at 12%. (d) An initial investment of $69,845 is to be returned in eight equal annual payments. Determine the amount of each payment if the interest rate is 8%
The final answers are (a) Future Value of $5,000 deposited today in a savings account with interest compounded annually at 4% in two years is $5,416. (b) Present Value of $15,000 to be received in four years, discounted at 10% is $9,297. (c) Present value of an annuity of $2,500 per year for five years discounted at 12% is $9,106. (d) The amount of each payment is $12,634.
(a) Future Value of $5,000 deposited today in a savings account with interest compounded annually at 4% in two years
Future value formula is given by;
FV = PV (1+r)n Where PV = Present Value FV = Future Value R = Interest Rate N = Number of years
Substitute the values given in the formula;
PV = $5,000, r = 4%, and n = 2
FV = $5,000 (1 + 0.04)2 = $5,416
Future Value of $5,000 is $5,416
(b) Present Value of $15,000 to be received in four years, discounted at 10%
Present value formula is given by;
PV = FV/(1+r)n Where PV = Present Value FV = Future Value R = Interest Rate N = Number of years
Substitute the values given in the formula;
FV = $15,000, r = 10%, and n = 4
PV = $15,000 / (1 + 0.1)4= $9,297
Present Value of $15,000 discounted at 10% is $9,297
(c) Present value of an annuity of $2,500 per year for five years discounted at 12%
Annuity present value formula is given by; PV = PMT [(1- (1+r)-n)/r] Where PV = Present Value PMT = Payment per period R = Interest rate N = Number of periods
Substitute the values given in the formula;
PMT = $2,500, r = 12%, and n = 5
PV = $2,500 [(1- (1+0.12)-5)/0.12]= $9,106
Present value of the annuity of $2,500 per year for five years is $9,106
(d) An initial investment of $69,845 is to be returned in eight equal annual payments. Determine the amount of each payment if the interest rate is 8%The formula to determine the payment is given by;
PMT = PV r / (1- (1+r)-n) Where PMT = Payment per period PV = Present value R = Interest rate N = Number of periods
Substitute the values given in the formula;
PV = $69,845, r = 8%, and n = 8
PMT = $69,845 (0.08) / (1- (1+0.08)-8)= $12,634
The amount of each payment is $12,634.
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Holt Developments Ltd put an asset in service on January 1, 2018 Its cost was $360,000, its predicted service life was six years, and its expected residual value was $36,000. The company decided to use double declining balance depreciation. After consulting with the company's auditors, management decided to change to straight-line depreciation in 2020, without changing either the original service life or residual value. Required: a. What is depreciation expense for 2020? 0 54.000 b. Calculate the effect of this change on retained earnings.
Depreciation is an accounting technique for spreading out an asset's cost over the course of its useful life. It symbolizes the steady decline in an asset's worth brought on by things like deterioration, obsolescence, or the passage of time.
We must take the asset's initial cost, service life, and residual value into account in order to determine the depreciation expense for 2020 and the impact of the depreciation modification on retained earnings.
a. Depreciation expense for 2020 will be determined using the straight-line approach since the corporation elected to switch to straight-line depreciation in that year.
Straight-line depreciation cost per year = (Cost - Residual Value) / Service Life
Depreciation costs are calculated as follows:
($360,000 - $36,000) / 6
Depreciation costs are calculated as follows:
$324,000 / 6
Depreciation costs are calculated as follows: $54,000
Therefore, $54,000 will be spent on depreciation in 2020.
B. The change from double falling balance to straight-line depreciation will have an impact on the depreciation expense recorded in prior years.
You can compute the depreciation expenditure using a double declining balance as follows:
Depreciation expense with a double declining balance is equal to (2 / Service Life) times the annual straight-line depreciation expense.
Depreciation expense with a double declining balance every year equals (2 / 6) x $54,000.
Using a twofold decreasing balance, depreciation expense per year is $18,000.
Depreciation expense utilizing a double decreasing balance for the years 2018 and 2019 is equal to 2 x $18,000 ($36,000).
$360,000 - $36,000 = $324,000 is the cumulative depreciation under a twofold falling balance.
cumulative depreciation under double declining balance = $360,000 - $36,000 = $324,000Now, we can calculate the effect on retained earnings:
Effect on retained earnings = Cumulative depreciation under double declining balance - Cumulative depreciation under straight-line depreciation
Effect on retained earnings = $324,000 - ($54,000 x 2)
Effect on retained earnings = $324,000 - $108,000
Effect on retained earnings = $216,000 (negative)Therefore, the effect of the change in depreciation method on retained earnings is a decrease of $216,000.
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Carri and Dane, ages 34 and 32, respectively, have been married for 11 years, and both are active participants in employer-qualified retirement plans. Their total AGI in 2019 is $196,000, and they earn salaries of $87,000 and $95,000, respectively.
a. For the 2019 tax year, Carri and Dane can each contribute up to $6,000 to a traditional IRA as long as they have earned income at least equal to their contribution. Since their salaries are above this limit, they can both make the maximum contribution.
b. Whether or not Carri and Dane can deduct their contributions to traditional IRAs depends on whether they (or their spouses) are covered by an employer-sponsored retirement plan and their modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). If neither were covered by an employer-sponsored plan in 2019, their full contributions of $6,000 each would be fully deductible. If one or both were covered by an employer-sponsored plan, the deduction may be limited or phased out based on their income. Without more information about their spouses' retirement plans, it is impossible to determine if Carri and Dane can fully deduct their contributions.
c. There are no income limits for contributing to a Roth IRA, but there are contribution limits based on income. For the 2019 tax year, the maximum contribution to a Roth IRA is $6,000 per person, with an additional $1,000 catch-up contribution allowed for those 50 years old or older. As a married couple, Carri and Dane can each make the maximum contribution, for a total of $12,000.
d. Contributions to a Roth IRA are not tax-deductible, so Carri and Dane cannot claim any deductions for their contributions to Roth IRAs. However, withdrawals from a Roth IRA in retirement are tax-free, which can provide valuable tax benefits in the future.
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Carri and Dane, ages 34 and 32, respectively, have been married for 11 years, and both are active participants in employer qualified retirement plans. Their total AGI in 2019 is $196,000, and they earn salaries of $87,000 and $95,000, respectively. What amount may Carri and Dane:
a. Contribute to regular IRAs?
b. Deduct for their contributions in part (a)?
c. Contribute to Roth IRAs?
d. Deduct for their contributions in part (c)?
