The antibiotic resistance gene is encoded on the donor insert.
Some plants that have undergone genetic modification have genes that render them resistant to specific drugs. In order to distinguish GM plants and cells from non-GM ones, scientists frequently introduce these resistance genes during genetic modification.
Once a bacteria has acquired a resistance gene and incorporated it into its DNA, the bacterium can dominate other bacteria and convey the resistance gene to all of its offspring. Bacteria reproduce quickly, which amplifies resistance.
F In Human-Associated Commensal Escherichia coli, Plasmids Are the Main Carriers of Genes Associated with Antibiotic Resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms can be divided into four primary groups: (1) decreasing medication uptake; (2) altering drug targets; (3) rendering drugs inactive; and (4) active drug efflux.
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Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. Which of the following terms best describes this?A) incomplete dominanceB) multiple allelesC) pleiotropyD) epistasisE) codominance
Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs, resulting in symptoms ranging from breathing difficulties to recurrent infections. This is an example of pleiotropy in Option C.
What is pleiotropy?Pleiotropy is a condition where the gene has more than one effect on the physiology of the body, such as if one gene is mutated, it affects not only its particular function but also a variety of other physiologic functions of the body. An example is cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, etc. In cystic fibrosis, the mutated gene not only affects receptor function but also affects the lungs, the pancreas, the digestive system, and other organs.
Hence, cystic fibrosis is an example of pleiotropy in Option C.
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you are selecting a prophylactic antibiotic to be administered prior to an abdominal surgery. gram negatives and anerobes must be covered. which generations of cephalosporin will be the best to use?
Foxitin (Mefoxin) - a 2nd generation cephalosporin generations of cephalosporin will be the best to use.
What do you mean by Cephalosporin?
The cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium.
Examples of cephalosporins include: Ancef and Kefazol (cefazolin) Ceclor and Cefaclor (cefaclor) Cefdinir.
The four generations are :
First Generation: cefazolin, cefalexin.Second Generation: cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime.Third generation: cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone.Fourth generation: cefepime, cefozopran, cefpirome.To know more about Cephalosporin from the given link
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what two proteins are responsible for advancing a cell through the phases of the cell cycle?
Answer: The answer to that should be cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.
I hope this is what you were looking for!!!!!!
The two proteins responsible for advancing a cell through the phases of the cell cycle are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks).
What are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)?Cyclin-dependent kinase complexes (CDKCs) are crucial for a variety of cellular processes, including the regulation of the cell cycle, cell transcription, messenger RNA processing, and the differentiation of diverse cell types.
Because of their significance, a complicated activation process is required to prevent cell damage from CDKCs that is accidentally activated. The regulation of the cell, the processing of DNA or RNA, and other sensitive tasks all depend on protein complexes that have strict activation routes.
Therefore, the two proteins responsible for moving a cell through the phases of the cell cycle are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks).
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how important is the force of gravity to the motion of bacteria through air, compared to the force exerted by the motion of the air itself? in other words, consider the terminal velocity of the bacteria, and compare it to your estimate of the speed with which air moves in a typical room.
Air movement completely dominates the forces acting on bacteria (i.e. gravity is negligible).
What is terminal velocity?Terminal velocity is the maximum velocity an object can reach when falling through a liquid. Occurs when the sum of drag and buoyancy equals the downward force of gravity acting on an object. Since the net force on the object is zero, the acceleration of the object is zero. Air resistance to the movement of an object in free fall depends on many factors, including: Object size, shape, air density and temperature, and free-falling object velocity.
The bacterial terminal velocity can be calculated as:
v = mg/6 x π x η x R,
where v is the final velocity,
η is the viscosity of air
m is the effective mass
The bacterial load is too low and can be considered negligible. Therefore, its terminal velocity is meaningless compared to the air velocity in the room.
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a single bacterium divides through the process of and begins a new population. all the offspring bacteria have identical dna. (which means no genetic diversity)
Through the process of binary fission, a single bacterium divides and creates a new population. The DNA of every bacteria offspring is the same. (This entails a lack of genetic diversity).
What is the process of an organism dividing by severing itself known as?binary fission, also known as asexual body division into two new bodies, When an organism divides into two parts (cytokinesis) through binary fission, it duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), with each new organism receiving one copy of the latter.
Since the genome of bacterial cells is made up of a single circular DNA chromosome, cell division is made easier. Because there is no nucleus or a large number of chromosomes, mitosis is not required. Binary fission refers to this method of cell division.
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What are the two types of teeth that are found in the mouth of the bullfrog and that are used to hold prey?.
The two types of teeth that are found in the mouth of a bullfrog that is used for holding prey are vomerine and maxillary teeth.
A bullfrog is known to have two sets of teeth which are termed as the vomerine teeth and the second set as the maxillary teeth.
Vomerine teeth can be located as rough textured teeth that are present in the roof of a bullfrog's mouth. The basic function of the vomerine teeth inside the bullfrog is to capture as well as hold the prey.
Such kinds of teeth that are located on the edge of the mouth are the maxillary teeth inside the bullfrog's mouth. The maxillary teeth are also used for holding the prey.
Both sets of teeth are used for holding the prey because a bullfrog does not chew its prey, it swallows it by holding it.
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organisms with large genomes, inversions are more likely to be tolerated if the breakpoints occur in: group of answer choices reciprocal translocations. closed reading frames. coding dna.
The inversion are tolerated if the breakdown occurs in non coding DNA ( inron)
DNA has 2 strands - codon ( exon) and non coding strands (intron)
codon is which constitutes to code for amino acids which build up the protein.
Dna constitutes 99 % of non coding strand of DNA.
inversion of DNA means the DNA is cut, inverted and then rejoined by a site specific recombinase.
The non coding do not encode for the amino acid which makes the protein and hence has no role in coding the protein synthesis.
inversion of DNA is tolerated because if the breakdown occurs in the non coding parts , they eventually do not take part in protein synthesis.
some non coding DNA strands are transcribed to non coding RNA molecule.
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Explain the proce in which hormone ecreted by the pancrea function with repect to increaed glucoe level in the blood
The pancreas releases more glucagon when blood glucose levels get dangerously low.
This hormone assists in restoring blood glucose in a number of ways: It prompts the liver to transform saved glucose into a form that may be used, after which it is released into the bloodstream. (A method known as glycogenolysis.)
Blood glucose (blood sugar) should be kept in a very specific range by the human body. These two hormones, insulin and glucagon, are responsible for this. Both glucagon and insulin are considered pancreatic endocrine hormones since they are both released by the pancreas.
Blood glucose levels are raised by the peptide hormone glucagon, which is released by the pancreas. Contrary to insulin, which raises blood glucose levels, it has the opposite effect.
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which of the following events occur in the hypothalamus of a mouse brain expressing channelrhodopsin when the blue light is switched on?
All-trans-retinal isomerizes to 13-cis-retinal when ChR2 in the neuronal membrane is exposed to blue light, and this conformational shift opens the ChR2 channel.
What is controlled by the hypothalamus?The sympathetic nervous system. It serves as the primary controller of visceral functions. It controls the contraction of the urinary tract, the heart rate, and the passage of food through the digestive system.
How many processes does the hypothalamus control?The hypothalamus' functions. The hypothalamus plays a role in many daily functions, including digestion and hydration, regulation of body temperature and energy levels, learning and memory, and stress management.
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In Hundreds of Birds Admiring the Peacocks painting by Yin Hong, from the late fifteenth to early sixteenth century, the peacock symbolizes ____________.
the reality inside the mind
the non-Chinese invading army
the dichotomy of the northern and southern schools of Chinese painting
the Chinese emperor
In Hundreds of Birds Admiring the Peacocks painting by Yin Hong, from the late fifteenth to early sixteenth century, the peacock symbolizes the Chinese emperor.
Hundred Birds Admiring Peacocks by Yin Hong is an example of a Northern Chinese painting. Patrons were typically Imperial Family members or aristocrats. These paintings were created with the intention of being displayed on a large scale. The materials used were silk and paint. The colors were vibrant, and the brushwork was almost imperceptible. The subjects of these Northern style paintings typically commented on and allegorized society. This particular painting was intended to be displayed in a private room and was part of a series of other paintings. It depicts an allegory of Chinese social order during this time period. The emperor and empress are represented by the peafowl.
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if a multifactorial trait shows a broad sense heritability of 0, which set of people will have the least similar phenotypes for this trait?
Natural selection is referred to by the term genetic variation. It claims that the variation from the fitness itself is used to calculate changes in biological fitness.
Typically, the genetic variance is combined with the phenotype variance. It is composed mostly of three components: additive, dominance, and epistatic variance.
As a result, it is erroneous to say that heritability has a broad meaning.
Understand the variation that a population still has.
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sphingomyelins are sphingolipids found in cell membranes and the myelin sheaths of nerve cells. sphingomyelins are composed of a sphingosine molecule, a fatty acid, and phosphorylcholine, the structures of which are shown. complete both parts of this question: drawing the sphingomyelin and selecting the types of bonds that are formed
The formation of phosphodiester and amide bonds is done.
Sphingomyelin is mostly found on cell membranes, lipoproteins (particularly LDL), and other lipid-rich tissue structures. Sphingomyelin is critical for maintaining cell membrane structure, particularly the cell membrane's micro-control function (such as membrane invagination).
Sphingolipids are a type of lipid with a backbone made up of sphingoid bases, which are a group of aliphatic amino alcohols that include sphingosine. Because of their enigmatic nature, they were named after the mythological sphinx after being discovered in brain extracts in the 1870s.
Cerebrosides and gangliosides are two examples. Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids that are found in the membranes of neurons and muscle cells. The cerebroside is sphingosine-based.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. similar to a mitochondrion, a(n)___contains an outer and inner membrane, with an intermembrane space between the two. unlike a mitochondrion, it also contains chlorophyll-containing membranes called membranes.
Similar to a mitochondrion, a(n) chloroplast contains an outer and inner membrane, with an intermembrane between the two. Unlike a mitochondrion, it also contains chlorophyll-containing membranes called ; thylakoid membranes.
Mitochondria are the cell's "powerhouses," breaking down fuel molecules and capturing energy through cellular respiration. Plants and algae contain chloroplasts. They are in charge of capturing light energy and converting it into sugars during photosynthesis.
The thylakoid membrane is the site of photosynthesis's light-dependent reactions, with photosynthetic pigments embedded directly in the membrane. It is an alternating pattern of dark and light bands 1 nanometre in width.
What exactly is the thylakoid membrane in chloroplast?
A chloroplast's thylakoid membranes are an internal system of interconnected membranes that carry out photosynthesis's light reactions. They are organized into stacked and unstacked regions known as grana and stroma thylakoids, which are differentially enriched in photosystem I and II complexes.
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anthropologist matt cartmill proposed that the evolution of stereoscopic vision and grasping fingers in the early primates enabled exploitation of a food source plentiful within the eocene forests. this is called the hypothesis.
The arboreal hypothesis.
What is explained by the arboreal hypothesis of primate origins?According to the arboreal theory, monkeys diverged from their forebears by adjusting to living in trees. Grafton Elliot Smith, a neuroanatomist who was primarily interested in the development of the primate brain, made the suggestion in 1912. According to the arboreal hypothesis, monkeys developed by becoming adapted to live in trees. According to this theory, the primates also evolved limbs and hands that aided in grasping. To move among the woods, they also relied on sight rather than smell. Dwelling in trees required the use of hands and feet for grasping, and obtaining small prey played a more significant role in primate evolution than living in trees.
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a cell biologist examinesa leaf cell from an alfalfa plantduring metaphase of mitosis and determines that 32 chromatids are present. the role of fertilization in this species is to (check all that apply)
The complete question:
A cell biologist examines a leaf cell from an alfalfa plant during metaphase of mitosis and determines that 32 chromatids are present. The role of fertilization in this species is to (Check all that apply)
(A) Produce a new cell that has a combination of chromosomes from 2 different parents
(B) Increase the number of chromosomes per cell from 16 to 32
(C) Increase the number of chromosomes per cell from 8 to 16
(D) Combine the chromosomes from 2 haploid cells into a single diploid cell
Answer:
When the cell biologist examines a leaf cell of the alfalfa plant at its metaphase of mitosis, he determines that 32 chromatids are present. The role of fertilization in this species is to (A) Produce a new cell that has a combination of chromosomes from 2 different parents, (C) Increase the number of chromosomes per cell from 8 to 16 and (D) Combine the chromosomes from 2 haploid cells into a single diploid cell.
The major output of fertilization process is to combine the two different chromosomes of both parent cells in order to produce a new progeny or new cell. These two parent cells are haploid in nature, means they have one set of chromosomes, and when they combine during fertilization, they form a single diploid cell, which has two sets of chromosomes.
Along with this, if 32 chromatids are present, it can be said that during mitosis, the number of chromosomes per cell increased from 8 to 16.
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how does the termination of transcription occur for eukaryotes? what sequence and enzyme(s) are involved? what gets added after this termination?
A reaction connected to RNA 3′-end processing leads to the termination of transcription. The majority of eukaryotic mRNA precursors undergo site-specific cleavage in the 3′-untranslated region, and the upstream cleavage product is then polyadenylated.
RNA polymerase won't stop unless it receives instructions to do so. Once the polymerase transcribes a DNA sequence known as a terminator, the process of halting transcription, also known as termination, takes place.
Bacteria use two main types of termination mechanisms: Rho-dependent and Rho-independent.
A Rho factor-binding site is present in the RNA during Rho-dependent termination. In order to reach RNA polymerase, Rho factor attaches to this region and begins to "climb" the transcript.
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mikkidee3458
02/19/2020
Biology
College
answered • expert verified
Determine the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait. a. 0
b. 1/16
c. 1/8
d. 3/16
e. 1/4
f. 3/8
g. 1/2
h. 3/4
1. double merle with short coat:1/4
2. double merle with long coat:0
3. merle with short coat:1/2
4. merle with long coat:0
5. solid with short coat:1/4
6. solid with long coat:0
The proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait is LL x ll= Ll, Ll, Ll and Ll.
What is phenotype?Phenotype is defined as the set of recognized characteristics or traits of an organism. There mainly four types phenotypes. According to Mendelian traits the human phenotype is of polygenic trait.
The phenotype of the mating between two Mertie dogs with true long-coat trait and true short-coat trait is heterozygous long-coat dogs will be produced all through passed will be 4:0
Thus, the proportion of offspring phenotypes that would result when two merle dogs mate, if one dog is true-breeding for the long-coat trait and the other dog is true-breeding for the short-coat trait is LL x ll= Ll, Ll, Ll and Ll.
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He advanced the cell theory with his conclusion that cells could only come from other cells.
Answer: The guy's name is Rudolf Virchow.
Explanation: Hope this helps!!!
How do you clean a range hood filter naturally?.
Avoid using rough scouring tools, such as steel wool or billow pads, while cleaning a range hood filter since they might harm the coating.
How can a filthy vent hood filter be cleaned?Add oily filters to water: Your filthy exhaust fan filters should be submerged in the water. Make certain they are entirely covered. Give them a soak Give the filters 10 minutes to soak. After soaking, clean the filters with a soft brush to remove any residue.
Can the dishwasher be used to clean range hood filters?Your range hood baffle filters may be cleaned most quickly and simply by putting them in the dishwasher. Put them in the bottom rack and wash a typical load as usual. Avoid using harsh cleansers, please
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TRUE/FALSE increasing your audience's commitment to your central idea by fostering the conviction of a concerted audience is appropriate for any speech designed to inform, persuade, or entertain.
False, (should) increase your audience's commitment to generating the interest passive audience. (Not) fostering the conviction audience.
An audience is a group of people who are readers, listeners, and viewers of various media or components and their contents. Like radio listeners or television viewers. There are two types of audiences namely:
A passive audience is an understanding that assumes that society is more influenced by the media. They passively accept what the media says. They receive directly what is conveyed by the media or in other words, the Media of Power Full.
Active audiences are very responsible for choosing media to meet their own needs. In this view, the media is considered the only factor that supports how needs are met, and the audience is considered a major intermediary. They know their needs and how to meet those needs or in other words, they are more mistaken in receiving media messages.
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a pa radiograph of the sternoclavicular (sc) joints demonstrates unequal distance from the sc joints to the midline of the spine. the left sc joint is farther from the sternum than the right. what specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?
The minor left rotation is the positioning mistake that may be seen on the provided radiograph (left side toward the image receptor).
Radiography of sternoclavicular joints!?The sternum and clavicles are joined by the sternoclavicular joint, a synovial saddle joint. The connection between the axial skeleton of the trunk and the appendicular skeleton of the upper extremity is made by this one and only genuine joint. The proximal clavicle and the sternoclavicular joint are assessed using the sternoclavicular radiography series.
With the radiograph, it's essential to identify sternotomy problems (such as sternal dehiscence) in order to prevent potentially fatal consequences like acute mediastinitis.
Similarly, it's crucial to identify sternal fractures as well as sternoclavicular dislocations, especially when they interfere with essential tissues.
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the circulatory system of mammals is arranged in two separate circuits, the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit. in this double circulation system, blood is pumped through the heart twice. identify the route of blood transport in the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit.
Blood is transported between the heart and the lungs via the pulmonary circuit and the body as a whole via the systemic circuit.
Why is the mammal circulatory system called a "double circulation"?Because blood circulates twice through the heart on each circuit, it is known as a double circulatory system. Deoxygenated blood is delivered to the lungs by the right pump, where it is given oxygen before being returned to the heart. All over the body, the newly oxygenated blood is circulated by the left pump.
Blood flow in mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians is divided into two circuits: one travels through the body's rest of organs, including the brain, and back to the heart; the other travels through the lungs and back to the heart (systemic circulation).
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What would the amino acid this DNA sequence CGA?.
Answer: mRNA: GCU : alanine
Explanation:
the universality of dna as the genetic material shows descent from a common ancestor for all of life. this is an example of
The universality of DNA as genetic material indicates descent from a common ancestor for all life. This is an example of molecular biology.
What is molecular biology?Molecular biology is a branch of biology that is concerned with the study of life at the molecular level. This includes the study of molecular interactions in living things and their influences, especially the interactions of various cell systems, including the interactions of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis and the regulation of these interactions. This field overlaps with other fields of biology (and chemistry), especially genetics and biochemistry.
How does DNA prove descent from a common ancestor?These shared genes trace the ancestry they shared but not with bacteria. Because genes change over time, the more similar the DNA of two organisms, the younger their ancestor. Observations of anatomy, fossils, and embryonic development are all rooted in DNA.
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Primary endosymbiosis led to the origin of some chloroplasts. This process occurred when a __________ engulfed a _____________.
Primary endosymbiosis led to the origin of some chloroplasts. This process occurred when a eukaryotic cell containing mitochondria engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacteria cell.
A eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryote, the first endosymbiotic event occurred. The mitochondrion was formed as a result of this process, known as primary endosymbiosis. Chloroplasts most likely evolved when a mitochondria-containing eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacteria cell. This is known as primary endosymbiosis. Mitochondria and chloroplasts most likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that were once self-contained organisms. At some point, an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host eukaryote, eventually developing into a mitochondrion.
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what is the importance of the fact that the outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres is convoluted?
The surface area of the cortex is tripled by the convolutions. The 40% of the total brain mass that is the cortex is responsible for all conscious activities.
The importance of the cerebral hemispheres.One half of the cerebrum, which also regulates speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning in addition to controlling muscle movements.
What is the advantage of the brain's complex organisation?It features numerous folds and creases because the cerebral cortex of the human brain is extremely complicated. Large portions of our brains can fit inside our skulls because to these convolutions. This brain structure allows humans to have billions of neurons in our brains while still having relatively small skulls.
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What structure makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?.
The rungs of the DNA ladder made of four types of nitrogenous bases which are A, T, G, C.
The rungs of the DNA ladder made of four types of nitrogenous bases.
These nitrogenous bases are Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T).
Adenine and guanine are termed as purines whereas thymine and cytosine are termed as pyrimidines.
These nitrogen bases pair as A-T and C-G.
A-T with the help of two hydrogen bonds and G-C with the help of three Hydrogen bonds.
The structure of DNA is made of sides and rungs. The sides or the backbone of DNA consists of sugar molecules and a phosphate group.
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.
That's why they are always complementary to each other. The two strands are held together by a hydrogen bond that is present between the two complementary nitrogenous bases.
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which of the following is not a functional characteristic of leukocytes? which of the following is not a functional characteristic of leukocytes? amoeboid motion erythropoiesis diapedesis positive chemotaxis
The bloodstream has the greatest number of cells. amoebic movement a favourable chemotaxis diapedesis leukocytosis. leukocytosis. which leukocyte kills bacteria via phagocytosis
What are positive chemotaxis and diapedesis?A mechanism known as diapedesis allows white blood cells to enter and exit blood arteries. a successful chemotaxis. Additionally, through a process known as positive chemotaxis, WBCs can detect areas of tissue injury and infection in the body by reacting to specific chemicals that diffuse from the injured cells.
What comes first in the process of hemostasis?Hemostasis starts with the following first step: the vascular spasm What comes after the first in the Hemostasis process? The following constitutes the second stage of hemostasis: -Platelet Plug Platelets expand, cling to collogen, and draw in other platelets during the formation process.
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What kind of word is perplexity?.
The word "Perplexity" is an adjective.
Being perplexed refers to the emotion of being perplexed and annoyed by a situation. He started counting them, and as his confusion grew, he repeated the process. The perplexities of anything are those aspects of it that are complex and hard to comprehend.
Something that is confused is described by the term perplexing. You can find the new alphabet to be completely baffling until you become competent in Arabic. Perplexus, the Latin word for involved, complicated, or convoluted, is the origin of the English word puzzling.
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Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to define a prokaryotic species? a. phylogenetic relatedness b. that members of different species cannot interbreed c. the average nucleotide identity (ANI) of orthologs 95% d. DNA hybridization 70%e. SSU rRNA similarity 97%
The criterion NOT used to define a prokaryotic species is that members of different species cannot interbreed.
What is a prokaryotic species?A prokaryotic species is that species which is a single celled organism and does not possess nucleus or other membranes.
Example of a prokaryotic species is Amoeba.
What is interbreed?Interbreed refers to the breeding between two different races.
like: cross a horse and a donkey to get a new breed as Mule. Aslo breeding between different species of same genus.
Hence, the criterion NOT used to define a prokaryotic species is that members of different species cannot interbreed.
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