a) the volumetric flow rate of atmospheric air entering the cooling tower is 63.29 m³/sec.
b) the mass flow rate of makeup water is 47937.5 kg/sec.
c) the dew point of air exiting the cooling tower is 25.9°C.
(a) The volumetric flow rate of atmospheric air entering, V1 = ?
Density of atmospheric air at the entering condition, ρ3 = 1.184 kg/m³
The volumetric flow rate of atmospheric air entering the cooling tower can be determined using the formula:
V₁ = Q / (ρ₃ × Cp × (t₄ - t₃))
Where, Cp is the specific heat of air at constant pressure = 1005 J/kg K
Substituting the values in the above equation:
V₁ = 1200 × 10^6 / (1.184 × 1005 × (40 - 20)) = 63.29 m³/sec
Thus, the volumetric flow rate of atmospheric air entering the cooling tower is 63.29 m³/sec.
(b) The mass flow rate of makeup water, m5 = ?The cooling water returning to the condenser is at a temperature of 20°C.
Assuming no heat losses, the energy transferred from the condenser to the cooling water is equal to the energy taken up by the air-water mixture entering the tower.
Therefore, the energy balance equation becomes:
Q = mₐ × Cpₐ × (t₄ - t₃) + mₕ × Cpₕ × (t₅ - t₄)
Where, mₐ is the mass flow rate of atmospheric air, mₕ is the mass flow rate of water, and Cpₐ and Cpₕ are the specific heats of air and water, respectively.
Rearranging the equation we get,
mₕ = (Q - mₐ × Cpₐ × (t₄ - t₃)) / (Cpₕ × (t₅ - t₄))
Substituting the values in the above equation:
mₕ = (1200 × 10^6 - 63.29 × 1.184 × 1005 × (40 - 20)) / (4.18 × (20 - 15)) = 47937.5 kg/sec
Thus, the mass flow rate of makeup water is 47937.5 kg/sec.
(c) The dew point of air exiting the cooling tower, tdp = ?
To calculate the dew point temperature, we need to calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the air mixture at the exit condition.
Using the formula for the saturation pressure of water vapor:
pₛ = exp(77.3450 + 0.0057T - 7235 / T)
where T is the temperature in K (Kelvin)
At the inlet condition:
ps3 = exp(77.3450 + 0.0057(20 + 273) - 7235 / (20 + 273))= 2.339 kPa
At the exit condition:
ps4 = φ4 × ps4 = 0.9 × 5.85 = 5.265 kPa
Therefore, the partial pressure of water vapor in the air-water mixture is 5.265 kPa.
At the dew point condition:
p = ps4 = 5.265 kPa
Using the steam tables, at a pressure of 5.265 kPa, the dew point temperature is 25.9°C
Therefore, the dew point of air exiting the cooling tower is 25.9°C.
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(a)The volumetric flow rate of atmospheric air entering the cooling tower in m3/sec is 5.197 m3/sec
(b)The mass flow rate of makeup water supplied in kg/sec is 78.89 kg/sec
(c)The dew point of air exiting the cooling tower is 35.23°C.
A condenser is a machine that converts a gaseous substance to a liquid one. In a power plant, the condenser is used to transform steam from the turbine into water so that it may be used again. The steam produced from the power generation process is first driven through a turbine. When it exits the turbine, the steam is led to a condenser where it is cooled by water. The volumetric flow rate is the measure of how much space is occupied by a fluid or gas that passes through a given area. It is calculated by dividing the mass flow rate by the density of the fluid or gas.
Here, the volumetric flow rate of atmospheric air entering the cooling tower can be determined using the formula below;{eq}\text{Volumetric flow rate, Q} = \frac{\text{Mass flow rate}}{\text{Density}} {/eq}Density of atmospheric air at 20°C, 1 atm, and 50% relative humidity can be found using steam tables. For these conditions, the density of air is 1.1769 kg/m3.
The rate at which makeup water is supplied is equal to the rate at which cooling water leaves the tower. This is because the mass of water leaving is equal to the mass of makeup water supplied. Thus, the mass flow rate of makeup water supplied is 7.198 × 106 kg/sec.(c)To determine the dew point temperature of the moist air, we need to use a psychrometric chart.
First, we need to determine the humidity ratio of the atmospheric air. The chart shows that the relative humidity is 50% and the temperature is 20°C. At these conditions, the humidity ratio is 0.00845 kg H2O/kg dry air. Now, the humid air exits at 40°C and 90% relative humidity. On the chart, we go to 40°C and follow the 90% relative humidity line to the left until it intersects the line of 0.00845 kg H2O/kg dry air. We then read the corresponding dew point temperature from the chart, which is found to be 35.23°C.
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1-Which of the approaches is used to determine the password of a system account or a user account? (Choose two.) A) Through the use of Trojan horse B) Through the use of keylogger C) Through the use of encryption mechanism D) Through the use of compression mechanism E) Through the use of file shares 2- What are the three types of malicious traffic detection methods? A) Signature, policy, and anomaly based B) IDS, IPS, and IRS based C) NIDS, HIPS, and NIPS based D) Symmetric, asymmetric, and transparent based
1- The approaches used to determine the password of a system account or a user account are A) Through the use of a Trojan horse and B) Through the use of a keylogger. 2- The three types of malicious traffic detection methods are Signature, policy, and anomaly-based.
1) Through the use of the Trojan horse and Through the use of a keylogger are the two approaches used to determine the password of a system account or a user account. A Trojan horse is a type of malware that is disguised as legitimate software. When a user downloads and installs the malware, it can be used to gain access to their system and capture their passwords or other sensitive information.
A keylogger is a type of software or hardware device that records every keystroke made by a user on a computer or mobile device. This can include passwords, usernames, credit card numbers, and other sensitive information.
2) The three types of malicious traffic detection methods are: Signature-based detection is a commonly used approach that compares network traffic to a database of known attack signatures. Policy-based detection is a technique that detects anomalies based on predetermined rules and policies. Anomaly-based detection is a technique that identifies anomalies and malicious traffic by analyzing network traffic patterns that deviate from normal traffic patterns.
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The two approaches used to determine the password of a system account or a user account are:A) Through the use of Trojan horseB) Through the use of keyloggerTrojan horseTrojan horse is a form of malware that allows cybercriminals to spy on computer users, steal data, and gain unauthorized access to systems.
In the case of password theft, attackers might use Trojan horses to inject malicious code into a victim's computer, which would then track the user's keystrokes as they entered their login credentials.KeyloggerA keylogger is a type of malware that records every keystroke made on an infected device. Keyloggers might be used by cybercriminals to steal passwords, credit card numbers, and other sensitive information entered by computer users.2. The three types of malicious traffic detection methods are:A) Signature, policy, and anomaly basedSignature-Based DetectionSignature-based detection works by comparing traffic to a pre-defined list of known malicious signatures, such as virus definitions. If the traffic matches one of the known signatures, it is flagged as malicious.Policy-Based DetectionPolicy-based detection uses a set of predefined rules to identify traffic that does not comply with an organization's security policy. For example, if a policy prohibits users from downloading certain types of files, policy-based detection would flag any traffic containing those files as malicious.Anomaly-Based DetectionAnomaly-based detection compares network traffic to a baseline of expected behavior. If the traffic deviates significantly from the baseline, it is flagged as malicious.
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Translate the following Lisp functions to ML. Note that f is a function. Can the code be alternatively implemented using a loop in a straightforward fashion? If yes, give the loop implementation as well. A) (define count (lambda (f x) (cond ((cons? x) (if (f(car x)) (+1 (count f (cdr x))) (count f(cdr x)))) (else 0)))) (define count (lambda (fx) (cond ((fx) 1) ((cons? x) (if (null? (cdr x)) (count f(car x)) (+ (count f(car x)) (count f (cdr x))))) (else 0)))).
The translated ML function count takes two arguments, f (a function) and x (a list). It uses pattern matching to handle two cases. If x is an empty list ([]), it returns 0.
The loop implementation uses a recursive function called loop to iterate through the list x. The function loop takes two arguments: acc (the accumulator to keep track of the count) and the list itself. If the list is empty, it returns the accumulated count (acc). Otherwise, it checks if f hd evaluates to true, updating the accumulator accordingly. Then, it recursively calls loop with the updated accumulator and the remaining elements in the list. Finally, the loop is initiated by calling loop with an initial accumulator value of 0 and the input list x.
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