In the DNA isolation process, ice cold 95% ethanol is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is separation and isolation of DNA fragments?
The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.Since, DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix.The most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds.The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves.The separated DNA fragments can be visualised only after staining the DNA with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV radiation (you cannot see pure DNA fragments in the visible light and without staining). We can see bright orange coloured bands of DNA in a ethidium bromide stained gel exposed to UV light.The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step is known as elution.The DNA fragments purified in this way are used in constructing recombinant DNA by joining them with cloning vectors.To learn more about DNA isolation process: brainly.com/question/18316109
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what is diffusion explain it
Answer:
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration . Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.
Explanation:
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration . Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.
A client states that ""she thinks"" her water has broken. which best provides confirmation of the rupture of membranes?
During pregnancy, your infant is surrounded and cushioned through a fluid-crammed membranous sac known as the amniotic sac. Typically, at the start of or at some point of exertions your membranes will rupture — additionally referred to as your water breaking.
If your water breaks earlier than exertions start, it's known as prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). Previously it became referred to as untimely rupture of membranes. When your water breaks, you may feel damp in your perineum, have sporadic or continuous little leaks of watery fluid from your perineum, or experience a more pronounced flow of clear or pale yellow fluid.
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what are the disadvantages of transgenic rabbits? glowing rabbits
The main evolutionary disadvantage of transgenic rabbits, in this case, is associated with the lack of adaptation that fluorescence will produce making them susceptible to predators.
What is adaptation?Adaptation is a slow evolutionary process where more adapted individuals are selected by differential reproduction and survival.
Fluorescent transgenic rabbits will be more susceptible to predators in natural populations, thereby they will have less adaptive fitness compared to normal rabbits.
In conclusion, the main evolutionary disadvantage of transgenic rabbits, in this case, is associated with the lack of adaptation that fluorescence will produce making them susceptible to predators.
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Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the collateral ganglia. adrenal glands. intramural ganglia. brainstem. chain ganglia
Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the adrenal glands.
What is adrenal gland?A little gland that produces noradrenaline, adrenaline, and steroid hormones. These hormones assist in maintaining healthy blood pressure, heart rate, and other vital bodily functions.Immune system, blood pressure, stress response, metabolism, and other critical processes are all controlled by hormones that are produced by adrenal glands. The cortex and the medulla, the two components that make up an adrenal gland, are each in charge of manufacturing a separate hormone.Problems with one, both, or other glands, such as the pituitary gland, can result in diseases of the adrenal glands. When the adrenal glands create either an excessive amount of hormones or an excessive amount of hormones from external sources, several diseases may arise.Since the adrenal glands are essential for human survival, if both are destroyed, the patient will need to take drugs and hormone supplements.
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The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the:________
a. aqueous humor.
b. tears.
c. vitreous humor.
d. perilymph.
e. ora serrata
The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the vitreous humor.
The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gel-like substance located in the posterior chamber of the eye. It helps maintain the round shape of the eye and can also help with vision clarity and shock absorbance.
Fluid fills most of the inside of the eye. The chambers in front of the lens (both the anterior and posterior chambers) are filled with a clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor. The large space behind the lens (the vitreous chamber) contains a thick, gel-like fluid called vitreous humor or vitreous gel.
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Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packaged in the ________. Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packaged in the ________. nucleus centriole nucleolus Golgi apparatus
Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packed in the nucleus.
Eukaryotic chromosomes are located inside the cell's nucleus. The principal function that distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. This nucleus is the “control center” of the cell that stores all of the cellular's genetic records, or DNA.
In eukaryotes, however, genetic material is housed inside the nucleus and tightly packaged into linear chromosomes. Chromosomes are made of a DNA-protein complex called chromatin which is prepared into subunits called nucleosomes.
All eukaryotes have a well-described nucleus that consists of DNA. DNA is a negatively charged polymer, packed compactly inside the chromatin, engirdling the histone proteins, a ball of positively charged proteins. The octamer of histone proteins is wrapped with a DNA helix, giving rise to a structure known as nucleosomes.
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When a person is anxious or fearful, the autonomic nervous system shunts blood away from peripheral veins to the core of the body.
Select the one best answer
True
False
When a person is anxious or fearful, the autonomic nervous system shunts blood away from peripheral veins to the core of the body - TRUE
Sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes arteries and arterioles (resistance vessels) to constrict, increasing vascular resistance and reducing distal blood flow. The increased vascular resistance that results from this across the body raises arterial pressure. When our bodies shift into superman mode, the second signal is transmitted to the hypothalamus, where it activates our autonomic nerve system, which is in charge of the fight-or-flight impulse. Our bodies receive an adrenaline boost as well as an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. When you are afraid, you get that rush.learn more about autonomic nervous system here: https://brainly.com/question/4143211
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The rise in one species of bird limits the nesting space for other species is an example of interspecific, indirect competition.
*
2 points
True
False
Answer:
the answer of this question is True.
The statement is true because the rise in population of one species of bird limiting the nesting space of other species is an example of interspecific, indirect competition.
In interspecific indirect competition, the individual from two different species compete for shared resources.
During the interspecific indirect competition, two specie compete for the resources and the species which can exploit more resources in less time can win over this battle.
Interspecific competition is a way in which abiotic and biotic factors can interact to affect the structure of a community.
As speculated by Darwin, interspecific competition can limit the count of species in an ecosystem and helps in macroevolution. It also underlines the positive correlation between, extinction and origination rate.
The competition between organisms belonging to two different species is an example of interspecific competition and because the Organisms are not directly interacting, this will be categorized as indirect interspecific competition and therefore the given statement is true.
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The hormone _____ stimulates the storage of triglycerides during times of energy excess.
The hormone insulin stimulates the storage of triglycerides during times of energy excess.
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the INS gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats (triglycerides) via lipogenesis, or, in the case of the liver, into both.
Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood. Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues. It is therefore an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells. Low insulin levels in the blood have the opposite effect by promoting widespread catabolism, especially of reserve body fat.
Full question :
Q. The hormone ___________ stimulates the storage of triglycerides during times of energy excess, such as after a meal, by causing adipocytes, and to a lesser extent skeletal muscle, to take up glucose and fatty acids from the blood.
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Areas along the costal regions of continents have more moderate climates than their inland counterparts. What property of water allows this to be possible?
Areas along costal regions of continents have more moderate climates than their inland counterparts because Water has a high specific heat.
Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock, so the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land. Coastal areas will generally have more moderate temperatures than inland areas because of the heat capacity of the ocean.
Large bodies of water such as oceans, seas, and large lakes affect the climate of an area. Water heats and cools more slowly than land. Therefore, in the summer, the coastal regions will stay cooler and in winter warmer. A more moderate climate with a smaller temperature range is created.
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Within a eukaryotic genome, where would you not expect to find nucleosome-free regions?
The absence of nucleosomes in a section of the genome is known as a nucleosome-free region (NFR). They are frequently located at the start and end of genes.
The repeating unit in eukaryotic chromatin that resembles beads on a thread is called a nucleosome. There are roughly 150 base pairs of DNA in one nucleosome. DNA packaging is carried out by eukaryotic cells to fit the lengthy DNA strands into each cell's nucleus. The system is constructed by wrapping DNA around eight histone protein cores.
It is believed that an NFR at the start of a gene is crucial for gene activation. A gene's correct termination may depend on the NFR at its terminus.
A nucleosome on a promoter stops transcription from starting. Thus, the nucleosome functions as a repressor of all transcription in addition to being a general gene repressor.
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What is the expected outcome on regional precipitation as a result of global warming?
A Final statement or concluding statement
Mid-latitude dry zones will get drier while tropically wet parts will get wetter. Even in locations where the total amount of precipitation is expected to decrease, heavy precipitation events will probably occur more frequently. Depending on the location, heavy downpours, which currently happen around once every 20 years, are predicted to happen twice as frequently to five times more frequently by the year 2100.
Why precipitation is affected by global warming?Precipitation intensity and frequency can be impacted by climate change. Oceans that are warmer cause more water to evaporate into the atmosphere. More severe precipitation, such as heavier rain and snowstorms, can result from more moisture-laden air moving over land or converging into a storm system.
1 Crop loss, soil erosion, and an increase in flood danger owing to heavy rainfall (see the River Flooding indicator) are all possible results of heavy precipitation, which can then result in accidents, drownings, and other flooding-related health effects.
2 Additionally, because pollutants left on the land wash into water bodies during precipitation, runoff can harm water quality.
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The sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds is the ________. primary structure tertiary structure secondary structure quaternary structure.
The sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds is the primary structure which is a linear sequence built by twenty one amino acids each having unique side chain.
The amino acids are small organic molecules consisting of central carbon atom linked to an amino group , a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and variable component. Within a protein, multiple amino acids linked together by peptide bond forming long chain. Peptide Bond are formed by a biochemical reaction extracting water molecules as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of neighboring amino acid.
The primary structure of protein drives the folding and intramolecular bonding of the linear amino acid chain, which ultimately determines the protein's three dimensional shape.
Hence, the correct answer will be option (a)
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What structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins?
Left anterior descending artery is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cava to the pulmonary veins.
Blood is supplied to the front of the left side of the heart by the left anterior descending artery, which arises from the left coronary artery.The left coronary artery's circumflex artery splits off and surrounds the heart muscle. The lateral side and rear of the heart both receive blood from this artery.The right atrium receives blood from the body that is low in oxygen from the inferior and superior vena cava. Right ventricular blood is transported by the pulmonary artery into the lungs, where it is infused with oxygen. The left atrium receives blood that is oxygenated from the pulmonary veins.learn more about venae cava here: https://brainly.com/question/3906038
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Left anterior descending artery structure is not perfused as blood flows from the venae cavae to the pulmonary veins.
What is left anterior?When something interferes with the signal of your heartbeat at the left anterior fascicle of your left bundle branch, it is known as a left anterior fascicular block. As a result, the left ventricle of your heart contracts after the right ventricle.Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), which causes scarring in a portion of the left ventricle, is a disease of the heart that may not be as benign as currently believed and may raise the risk of heart failure, sudden cardiac death, or atrial fibrillation.Left bundle branch block occurs seldom in young, healthy individuals. If you don't have any other underlying heart issues, this illness appears to have little impact on how long you survive. If your heart is unaffected by any other diseases, you might not even need treatment.Blood is supplied to the front of the left side of the heart by the left anterior descending artery, which arises from the left coronary artery. The left coronary artery's circumflex artery splits off and surrounds the heart muscle. The lateral side and rear of the heart both receive blood from this artery.Learn more about Left anterior here:
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help please 30 points and brainliest for correct answer :(
Which of the following is a future consequence of the use of hydropower from dams on the environment?
It generates no greenhouse gases.
It can be used in isolated locations.
A dam and reservoir can flood habitats.
It produces less noise than other energy.
The dam and reservoir can flood habitats is a is a future consequence of the use of hydropower from dams on the environment .
What is hydropower?A a renewable energy source, or one that has a capacity for hydraulic use over time. Water fits as a substance that is always recomposing in the terrestrial environment.
Today it is known that they cause major environmental impacts, such as the decomposition of submerged vegetation that gives rise to gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, which cause climate change.
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What is the role of glucose in respiration?
Answer:
One molecule of glucose goes through the process of cellular respiration to produce 36 ATP. Glucose is broken down to form pyruvate during the first step of cellular respiration, which is then used to fuel the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose is used to make energy in cellular respiration.
It produces the molecule ATP, the main energy storage and transfer unit of a cell.
Also, Cells this in order to remain healthy and active.
Explanation:
I hope this helps and have a good day!
E. coli is a species of bacteria that causes many different infections in humans. certain e. coli strains have developed resistance to antibiotics, making infections with these strains difficult to treat. how do bacteria such as e. coli, which reproduce asexually, gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance?
By mutating their DNA in response to environmental conditions to gain beneficial traits, reproduce asexually, gain new traits such as antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria denotes the bacteria's incapacity to be treated by an antibiotic, which means the antibiotic's effectiveness against the bacteria is either abolished or diminished.What environmental factors could cause DNA to mutate?
If mistakes are made and not fixed right away. Additionally, exposure to environmental elements including smoking, sunshine, and radiation can result in mutations.
Which type of mutation depend on the condition of the environment?
Somatic mutagenesis
Therefore, a large portion of an organism may have the same mutation. These kinds of mutations, which can result in diseases like cancer, are typically brought on by environmental factors like ultraviolet radiation or any exposure to certain dangerous substances.What is a mutation that is beneficial?
A type of mutation known as a beneficial mutation affects an organism in a favorable way. These mutations are uncommon but important.Learn more about mutation
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The hindbrain consists of the ____. a. thalamus and hypothalamus b. tectum, tegmentum, and reticular formation c. medulla, pons, and cerebellum d. spinal cord and cranial nerves
The hindbrain consists of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum.
The hindbrainThe hindbrain is the portion of the brain that is otherwise known as the rhombencephalon. It is the part of the brain that is located towards the lower back.
The hindbrain consists of 3 main parts:
The medulla oblongataThe ponsThe cerebellumEach component has specific functions they perform. The medulla oblongata is located at the extreme end where the brain connects with the spinal cord. It controls activities such as heartbeat, blood pressure, and respiration.
The pons of the hindbrain work hand in hand with the medullar oblongata for effective breathing. In addition, it is the part of the brain that controls the circadian rhythm of the body.
The cerebellum helps the body to maintain postural balance and adjustments when necessary.
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When observing the gel at the end of the run period, the dna band that is closest to the positive electrode is the.
Answer:
smallest in size
Explanation:
hopefully, this is correct and will help you
A human egg contains ________ chromosome and a human sperm contains ________ chromosome.
A human egg ---> 22 + X (23 chromosome)
A human sperm ---> 22 + X or 22 + Y (23 chromosome)
What is a type of ecological experiment that takes advantage of a natural disturbance and for which there is no ability to regulate independent variables?
The ecological experiment is natural based, as their name suggests, are not controlled by anyone. These are natural disturbance to an environment. The ecosystem itself is an experiment, for instance, following a natural disaster, a shift in the climate, or the introduction of exotic species.
Disturbances are significant natural forces that shape the dynamics of forest ecosystems and significantly influence their composition and functionality. As a result, shifting disturbance patterns may significantly affect forest ecosystems, potentially having long-lasting effects on their biological richness and ability to deliver ecosystem services to the general public.
Ecosystem management necessitates a thorough comprehension of the effects of natural disturbances in order to offer ecosystem services to society while promoting biodiversity.
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Which statement BEST supports the choice made in Part A? A The diagram shows four daughter gametes that have exchanged genetic information between chromatids. B The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of receiving one random allele from each parent. C The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of two chromosomes separating in different ways. D The diagram shows four daughter gametes that incorrectly contain fewer chromosomes than the parent cells.
A statement which best supports the choice made in Part A (independent assortment) is: C. The diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of two chromosomes separating in different ways.
Mendel's law of independent assortment.Mendel's law of independent assortment is a theory which states that the alleles of two or more different genes are sorted into unique gametes that are independent of each another.
This ultimately implies that, the allele that is typically being received by a gamete for one gene doesn't influence or affect the type of allele that is received for another gene.
Based on the biological process (independent assortment) shown in the image attached below for part A, we can infer and logically deduce that a statement which best supports the choice made is that he diagram shows four unique gametes that are the result of two chromosomes separating in different ways.
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Why does the sky change colors at sunset?
The atmosphere reflects colors.
The atmosphere bends light.
The sun changes colors.
The atmosphere reflects colors
Explaination :
More atmosphere means more molecules to scatter the violet and blue light away from your eyes. If the path is long enough, all of the blue and violet light scatters out of your line of sight. The other colors continue on their way to your eyes. This is why sunsets are often yellow, orange, and red.”
If a muscle is provided with a rapid series of threshold stimuli, the process of summation can lead to maximal sustained contraction called:_________
If a muscle is provided with a rapid series of threshold stimuli, the process of summation can lead to maximal sustained contraction called Tetanus.
A state of prolong contraction of a muscle during which the muscle does not rest to its initial length or tension, induced by a rapid succession of stimuli. Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a lengthy contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, the primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. A tetanus infection requires emergency and long-term supportive care while the disease runs its course. Treatment consists of wound care and medications .
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Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids in the duodenum.
Cholecystokinin is perspired by cells of the upper little intestine. Its secretion is stimulated by the introduction of hydrochloric acid, amino acids, or fatty acids into the stomach or duodenum.
What is Cholecystokinin?Cholecystokinin is a hormone produced in your little intestine. It recreates a fundamental role in digestive function. When fats and proteins enter your small intestine, cholecystokinin activates your gallbladder and pancreas to contract.The most recognized positions of this hormone are in digestion and appetite. It improves digestion by delaying the emptying of food from the stomach and promoting the production of bile in the liver as well as its departure from the gall bladder.CCK peptides stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion and growth, gallbladder compaction, gut motility, and satiety, and deter acid secretion from the stomach. Moreover, they are major neurotransmitters in the brainiac and the periphery.To learn more Cholecystokinin, refer to:
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In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes ________ divisions
In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes two divisions
Primitive cells termed spermatogonia multiply through mitosis during spermatocytogenesis. When a B spermatogonium produces two primary spermatocytes, mitosis is complete.
During meiosis, the number of original spermatocytes that are diploid is halved. During meiosis I, a primary spermatocyte divides into two secondary spermatocytes, which are eventually changed into (1N) spermatids during meiosis II. A quick second meiotic division occurs. Compared to their ancestor spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids are often larger.
Therefore, In order to produce spermatids, a primary spermatocyte undergoes two divisions.
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A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the cns would be classified as a(n) __________ neuron.
A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the cns would be classified as visceral sensory neuron.
Unipolar neurons called visceral afferent neurons enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root and have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. Visceral sensory neurons keep an eye on the organ systems and internal surroundings.
The GI tract and bladder's visceral afferent fibres transmit information that enables appropriate digestion, excretion, and urination. Reflex reactions to sensory information like distension include smooth muscle contraction (in the wall and sphincters) and mucosal secretion.
Therefore,A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the cns would be classified as visceral sensory neuron.
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A neuron conducting an impulse from the stomach wall to the CNS would be classified as Visceral Sensory Neuron.
These neuron transfer information for the normal functioning of digestion and elimination.
They are Unipolar neurons entering the spinal cord and are located in the dorsal root ganglia.
The visceral nervous system is a part of PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) which transfer information between CNS (Central Nervous System) to the visceral organs like Stomach and Intestine.
These Peripheral nerves innervates the muscles and body walls.
Vagus, Glossopharyngeal and facial nerves contains visceral sensory neurons.
Visceral Sensory neurons are responsible for the contraction of smooth muscle and the secretion of the mucosa.
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A group of biologists would like to recreate suitable habitats for wildlife in a particular area. they would also like to help fight climate change. to achieve these goals, the biologists decide to increase the density of trees and the canopy thickness in the area. which biodiversity restoration method should the biologists use?
The method the biologists should use is Reforestation.
What is Reforestation and how it is important?Reforestation is one of the land regeneration methods. It is a natural or a man-made process of replanting trees in a particular area. Normally, plants can grow independently due to dispersed seeds, but forest land gets degraded badly, so intentional reforestation needs to be done. This process has the following advantages:
It increases the density of trees in that area.
It increases the canopy thickness in that area.
It rebuilds a suitable habitat for wildlife.
It helps in fighting climate change.
It helps in bringing rain timely.
It helps in fighting environmental pollution.
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In cells that are not dividing, chromosomes uncoil to form a tangle of fine fibers known as_________.
The correct word is chromatin.
What are chromatins?Chromatin is a mixture of decondensed chromosomes and proteins. The chromosomes are responsible for storing genetic information and transferring such from one generation to the other.
When cells are in active divisions, the chromatin condenses and the tangle of fine fibers become visible under the microscope as chromosomes.
Once active divisions are over, the chromosomes decondense back to their natural states.
Thus, in cells that are not dividing, chromosomes uncoil to form a tangle of fine fibers known as chromatin.
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Protein folding involves a transition from a more disordered state to a more ordered state. This entropic penalty does not prevent spontaneous folding because?
Given that the surroundings' net ΔS is positive and the process as a whole has a negative G, this entropic cost does not stop spontaneous protein folding.
Description of the protein folding and entropy penalty scenario:
The decrease in the solvation zone is linked to a considerable gain in positive entropy, which compensates for the entropic penalty brought on by the greater organization in the protein folding condition. The hydrophobic effect is another name for this phenomenon. The operation remains spontaneous as a result of allowing the net Gibbs free energy shift should become minus.Due to the lack of stabilizing connections, an unfolded protein has a high configurational entropy as well as a high enthalpy. The entropy and enthalpy of a folded protein are greatly reduced. Here, there is a compromise between H and S. The S component is weighted more heavily by increased temperature because ΔG = ΔH - TΔ S, which means that unfolding is favored by greater temperature.Learn more about protein folding here:
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