Chemists require a measurement in order for a reaction to be successful this figure is known as the percent yield.
The theoretical yield: What does it mean?The maximum mass of a product that can be produced in a chemical process is known as the theoretical yield.The balanced chemical equation can be used to calculate it.The relative formula and mass of the product, as well as the mass and relative formula of the limiting reactant.Calculating the percent yield requires using stoichiometry to establish how much of the product should be produced.The percent yield is the actual yield to theoretical yield ratio expressed as a percentage:[tex]Percent Yield = \frac{Actual Yield}{Theoretical Yield}[/tex] × 100%To learn more about Theoretical yield refer to:
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ubiquitin interacts with proteins with either covalent or non covalent interactions. which of the following uses non-covalent interactions to interact with ubiquitin
Ubiquitin interacts with proteins with covalent interactions. Ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) that create brief, non-covalent contacts with either ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains recognize and process ubiquitin signals in non-covalent ubiquitination.
What is Ubiquitin?
A 76-amino acid-tiny regulatory protein, ubiquitin was first identified in 1975. It is a component of every eukaryotic cell, controlling how vital proteins move throughout the body and taking part in both protein synthesis and protein degradation.
Your body's cells produce and degrade proteins at a rapid rate. Proteins are tagged for removal by ubiquitin, which binds to them. The name of this procedure is ubiquitination.
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a certain radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10,000 years. if the ratio of the parent to the daughter product is 1:3, (a) how many half-lives have elapsed? (0.5 pt); (b) how old is the rock containing the radioactive material?
Given half-life = 10,000 years
as parent and subsidiary are 1:3
It has passed 2 half-lives
At first half-life, parent-isotope reduced to 4.50% in T504 4
Ratio = 25/75 = 1/3
20,000 years
That was 20,000 years ago and is radioactive.
After another half-life, the number of remaining parent atoms approaches zero. Based on this principle, geologists can count the number of parent atoms relative to daughter atoms in a sample to determine the half-life that has elapsed since the mineral grain first formed.
Aeon is the largest interval of geological time lasting hundreds of millions of years. On the top timescale, we see that the Phanerozoic is the youngest ion beginning more than 500 million years ago. Ions are divided into smaller time intervals called epochs.
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When must a food thermometer be cleaned and sanitized?.
Your thermometer must be washed with soapy water, rinsed, and sanitized every four hours. A clean wiping cloth from your sanitizer bucket or a personal alcohol wipe should be used to clean food thermometers between applications.
To help prevent the cross-contamination of germs, home cooks should clean their food thermometers after each use. A thorough post-use clean will also get rid of any dirt and food residue on your thermometer, which could be preventing you from getting an accurate reading of the internal temperature of your food.
Hence, food thermometer should be cleaned after every individual testing's
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what amount of solid naoh must be added to 1.0 l of a 0.10 m h2co3 solution to produce a solution with [h ]
Carbonic acid, or H2CO3, is a chemical compound made up of the elements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, a small amount of it is formed.
What is carbonic acid?Hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen combine to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). When carbon dioxide (CO2), its anhydride, dissolves in water, it is created in trace amounts.CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
Just CO2 molecules that are not fully hydrated constitute the dominant species. The two salt series hydrogen carbonates, containing HCO3, and carbonates, containing CO32, can be formed from carbonic acid, which can be thought of as a diprotic acid.H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + HCO3−
HCO3− + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + CO32−
However, the differing speeds of certain of the relevant processes as well as their reliance on the system's pH determine how acidic or basic carbonic acid behaves. For instance, with a pH lower than 8, the main reactions and their corresponding relative speeds are as follows:CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 (slow)
H2CO3 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− + H2O (fast)
The subsequent reactions are crucial above pH 10:
CO2 + OH− ⇌ HCO3− (slow)
HCO3− + OH− ⇌ CO32− + H2O (fast)
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Why might Karl Marx's ideas be criticized?.
While some detractors emphasize the Marxian critique of capitalism, others contend that the Marxist economic system is untenable.
Why was communism appealing to Karl Marx?Marx thought that capitalism, which places a premium on profit and private property, results in societal inequality. In order to achieve this, he worked to create a system that would lead to a society without classes, in which everyone would benefit from the fruits of labor and the state would hold absolute power over all assets.
What was the view of capitalism held by Karl Marx?Capitalism was criticized by Marx as a system that alienates the general populace. He argued that although if people manufacture goods for the market, it is market forces that ultimately determine how things turn out.
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how many moles of gas are in 30.0 l of a contained tube with a temperature of 300.k and pressure at 200. atm? use r
Answer:
234.61 mol
Explanation:
According to the Ideal Gas Law:
PV=nRT
P= 200 atm
V= 30.0 L
T= 300 K
R= 0.0821 [tex]\frac{(atm)(L)}{(mol)(K)}[/tex]
[tex]n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
[tex]n=\frac{(200atm)(30.0L)}{0.0821\frac{(atm)(L)}{(mol)(K)}(300K)}\\n=234.61 mol[/tex]
Which element is malleable in period 3?.
Aluminum is the metal in period 3 which is highly malleable in nature.
Another typical element found on earth, aluminium makes up roughly 8% of the planet's crust. The material's smooth surface and silvery-white color make it easy to identify. Innumerable products, including as airplanes, space shuttles, high-speed trains, building components, and the power lines, cellphones, computers, and more, use aluminum because of its amazing lightness and ability to withstand corrosion.
Aluminum is a remarkably ductile substance that can be stretched between the 50 and 70 percent of the way before snapping. It is also very flexible and has a lower melting point of 660°C, which make it easy to work with.
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The periodic table gets it's shape from
a. the properties of the elements
b. no answer text provided
c. the number of protons in each element
d. the age of each elements discovery
Arrange the following groups in order of decreasing priority that would allow you to determine E/Z, or R/S. Provide a string of letters (e.g. abcd) as an answer with the highest priority listed first, lowest priority last:
a) -CH3 b) -CH2OH c) -CH2NH2 d) -CH2BR
Priority will be given to the group with the highest atomic number. Priority is as follows: -CH2Br > -CH2OH > -CH2NH2 > -CH3
Explain about the absolute arrangement?Absolute configuration is the stereochemical description of the spatial arrangement of atoms within a chiral molecular entity (or group). Since carbon is linked to four different substituents in organic compounds, absolute configuration is frequently relevant.
Absolute Configuration, which distinguishes between right-handed and left-handed stereo structures in chiral compounds, is the spatial arrangement of atoms.
A physically recognized non-centrosymmetric crystal's atomic arrangement as well as its description using unit-cell dimensions, space group information, and average atomic coordinates.
For instance, the stereocenter is unaffected by the reaction of (+)-glyceraldehyde (1) with mercury oxide to produce (-)-glyceric acid (2). As a result, (+)-glyceraldehyde and (-)-glyceric acid must have the same absolute configuration.
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When a nonmetal bonds with a nonmetal:
A. electrons are shared.
B. a covalent bond is involved.
C. a molecular compound forms.
D. All of the above are true.
E. None of the above are true.
It is appropriate to select option d. Because electrons are shared, a molecular compound develops, resulting in a covalent bond. A chemical bond is a covalent bond, commonly referred to as a molecular bond.
that involves atoms trading off pairs of electrons. The stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms that occurs when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding. These electron pairs are also referred to as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The electron is a subatomic particle with the symbol e or with an electric charge of one elementaryly negative charge. Due to their lack of known components or substructure, electrons, which are part of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are typically considered to be elementary particles.
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What is bulk matter in science?.
Matter that can be seen, handled, or measured is referred to as matter in bulk. Any given material is either a solid, a liquid, or a gas depending on its temperature and pressure.
What does a matter mean in chemistry?Matter is everything that occupies space and appears to have mass; in plenty of other words, matter seems to be the "stuff" that now the cosmos is made of. The basic constituents of all stuff are called elements.
What exactly does it mean to utilize an example of matter?A substance that has a certain mass and volume over space and is commonly referred to as matter. Pens, notebooks, toothbrushes, water, milk, and automobiles are a few examples of matters.
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which of the compounds below would contain polar covalent bonds? f2, n2o, kcl view available hint(s)for part a which of the compounds below would contain polar covalent bonds? f2, n2o, kcl n2o only f2 only kcl only both f2 and n2o
Fluorine and Nitrogen are both non-metals which posses non polar covalent bonds. So in this case, only KCl has polar covalent bond.
Before solving, let us understand the meaning of covalent and ionic bonds and how to identify them.
Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Therefore, the polar covalent bond is shown by KCl as it shows sharing of equal electrons amongst them.
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Write balanced half-reaction for the oxidation of aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H,02) to gaseous oxygen (02) in acidic aqueous solution Be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate
First, the reduction of gaseous oxygen to aqueous hydrogen peroxide is:
O2 (g) → H2O2 (l)
when this reaction is in an acidic aqueous solution, we need to balance H on both sides so we will use H+ on the left side.
O2(g) + H+(aq) → H2O2(l)
now we have 1 of H atom on the left side and 2 on the right side so we will put 2H+ on the left side instead of H+:
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) → H2O2(l)
now we need to balance the 2 positive charges of 2H+ so, we will put 2 e- on the left side:
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2 e- → H2O2(l)
and this is the final balanced equation which has an equal no. of atoms on both sides:
2 of O atom, 2 of H atom on both sides.
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Can you put hot food on pewter?.
Food can be kept hot on pewter, yes. Lead-free and secure to use, modern pewter. It is primarily comprised of tin, with some antimony and copper. based on one manufacturer.
All types of food and drink can be used with the goods, which are guaranteed to be lead-free. The remaining material in most contemporary pewter is a combination of food-safe copper and antimony. If you avoid acidic foods like those made with tomatoes, vinegar, etc. Lead-free may occasionally be a little amount of silver that is also safe to eat. Lead concentration in meals can increase as a result of lead leaching from the pewter container, especially when eating more acidic foods.
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Which of the following compounds contains only
one unshared pair of valence electrons?
A) NH3
B) H2O
C) CH4
D) NaCl
E) BeF3
Ammonia NH₃ contains only one unshared pair of valence electrons. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What is a valence electron?Valence electrons can be defined as the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom while the electrons occupying the inner shell are called core electrons. Valence electrons can be filled in different shells and these electrons interact with other atoms and cause the formation of chemical bonds.
In ammonia, the central atom is nitrogen and nitrogen has five valence electrons in its valence shell. The three electrons are used to form three single covalent bonds with three hydrogens. Therefore one unshared pair of valence electrons is present on the nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule.
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About one-third of the toxic metal, mercury (Hg), is released into the air from natural sources, such as rocks, soil, volcanoes, and the ocean. The remaining two-thirds comes from ____.
a. waste from livestock
b. mercury-rich plants
Selected: c. automobile exhaustThis answer is incorrect.
d. human activities
e. airplane exhaustd. human activities
About one-third of the toxic metal, mercury (hg), is released into the atmosphere from natural sources such as rocks, soil, volcanoes, and the ocean. the remaining two-thirds comes from human activities. option A is correct.
First, mercury is naturally emitted into the air from volcanoes, rock weathering, forest fires, and soil. Second, mercury is released into the air by burning fossil fuels and municipal or medical waste.
Mercury persists in the environment for long periods of time by cycling back and forth between air and soil, changing chemical forms in the process. The atmospheric lifetime of inorganic elemental mercury is estimated to be up to two years, while organic methylmercury can remain in soil for decades. Mercury is never removed from the environment; it just moves to other places and eventually gets buried under soil and sediments
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for each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, how many nadh molecules are produced?
for each molecule of glucose that is catabolized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, produced 10 NADH.
Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules 2 ATP, and 2 NADH, thus doubling the number of pyruvate entering the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle cannot occur in the absence of oxygen, In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate of converted to lactic acid which is broken down and excreted by the cell.
Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecular product of glycolysis. When oxygen is present in the cell, pyruvate is decarboxylated (C- is removed mediated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) and two oxygen atoms are included to form carbon dioxide. A redox reaction also occurs when coenzyme A binds to form acetyl-CoA and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules, thus doubling the number of pyruvate entering the citric acid cycle.
Therefore, the number of each ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecule produced in the citric acid cycle is doubled. Therefore, in the citric acid cycle, one glucose molecule produces two ATPs, six NADHs, and two FADH2s.
Thus, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 will be produced in the citric acid cycle by one glucose molecule
So, if the whole process of cellular respiration is summarized then the result is:
Glycolysis: 1 glucose → 2 pyruvic acid + 2 ATP + 2 NADH
Oxidative decarboxylation: 1 pyruvic acid → 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 NADH
Since 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvic acid, then from the oxidative decarboxylation stage:
2 pyruvic acid → 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH
Krebs cycle: 1 acetyl CoA + 1 oxaloacetic acid → 1 citric acid + 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP
Since 1 glucose produces 2 pyruvic acids and 2 pyruvic acids produce 2 acetyl-CoA, then from the Krebs cycle stage:
2 acetyl CoA + 2 oxaloacetic acid → 2 citric acid + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP
From the three stages of cellular respiration above, it can be concluded that one molecule of glucose can produce a total of 4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH2.
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an aquesous kno3 solution is made using 72.5 g of kno3 diluted to a total solution volume of 2 l calculate the molality and mass percent of the solution
The molarity of the solution is 0.36 mol/L. The molality of the solution is 0.34 m. The mass percent of the solution is 3.33%.
KNO3's molecular weight is 72.5 g/101 g/mol, or 0.72 moles, in terms of mass/molar mass.
Molarity is defined as the product of the number of moles and the volume, or 0.72 moles/2.00 L or 0.36 mol/L.
Number of moles of solute divided by kilograms of solution equals the molality.
mass of solution = 1.05 g/mL x 2000 mL = 21000 g or 2.1Kg
Molality of solution equals 0.72 moles/2.1 kg, or 0.34 m.
Mass percent of solution = mass of solute/mass of solution divided by 100.
The mass percent of the solution is equal to 72.5 g/ (72.5 g + 2100 g) 100/1 = 3.33%.
The volume of a material present in a given volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute in a liter of solution is referred to as molarity.
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Enter a balanced equation for the reaction between hydroiodic acid and lithium hydrosulfite.
The balanced equation is :
HI(aq) + LiHSO₃(aq) → SO₂(g) + H₂O(l) + LiI(aq).
A chemical reaction is a method wherein one or more materials, also called reactants, are transformed into at least one or more special substances, called merchandise. Materials are both chemical elements or compounds.
A few synthesis reactions can result in more than one product. Photosynthesis is one of the maximum important chemical reactions on earth. It allows plants and a few microbes to transform water and carbon dioxide gas into storable sugar and oxygen.
Chemical compounds are made from atoms of different elements, joined collectively through chemical bonds. A chemical synthesis normally involves the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of recent ones.
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crystals of anhydrous chromium(iii) chloride are violet and insoluble in aqueous solution. the coordination geometry of chromium in these crystals is octahedral, as is almost always the case for cr3 . how can this be the case if the ratio of cr to cl is not 1:6?
The coordination geometry of an octahedron is determined by the number of atoms or ions that are bonded to the central atom. In the case of chromium(III) chloride crystals, the chromium atom is surrounded by six chloride ions, which gives it an octahedral coordination geometry.
However, the ratio of chromium to chlorine in the formula of chromium(III) chloride, CrCl3, is not 1:6. The formula indicates that there is one chromium atom for every three chlorine atoms, which would not produce an octahedral coordination geometry if the atoms were bonded directly to each other.
One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that the chromium and chlorine atoms are not bonded directly to each other in the crystal structure.
Instead, the chromium atom may be surrounded by a group of six chloride ions that are bonded to each other, forming an octahedron. This would allow the coordination geometry of the chromium atom to be octahedral even though the ratio of chromium to chlorine atoms in the formula is not 1:6.
Alternatively, the chromium and chlorine atoms may be bonded to each other through intermediate atoms or ions, such as water molecules.
In this case, the coordination geometry of the chromium atom would still be octahedral because it would be bonded to six chlorine atoms, even though the overall ratio of chromium to chlorine atoms in the formula would not be 1:6.
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2.00 ml of a 0.02 m io3- solution is mixed with 2.00 ml 0.01 m so32- solution and 6.00 ml deionized water in a test tube. the concentration of so32- in the final solution is
The final solution would include 0.64 mol/L of so32-, which is the concentration in the solution.
What is the plain meaning of concentration?Concentration both a action or process as well as a state. more specifically: focusing on a particular object. My focus is being disrupted by all that noise. : a major or region of concentration within a major.
What does a scientific concentration entail?The quantity of a component, such as salt, that is present in a specific volume of tissue or fluid, such as blood, according to scientific definition (KON-sen-TRAY-shun). When there is less water available, the material becomes more concentrated.
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when silver nitrate is added to an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, a precipitation reaction occurs that produces silver chloride and magnesium nitrate. when enough agno3 is added so that 18.5 g of mgcl2 react, what mass of the agcl precipitate should form?
Silver chloride will precipitate as a result of this reaction, along with a calcium nitrate solution.
What uses does magnesium chloride have?Low levels of mag in the blood can be prevented and treated with the over-the-counter drug magnesium chloride. Magnesium is necessary for the healthy operation of the heart, muscles, bones, neurons, and cells. This drug is offered as an injectable solution, but Medicare does not cover it.
Does magnesium chloride benefit people?Men, women, kids, and pregnant women can all use magnesium chloride without any ill effects. Calcium, another necessary mineral, can be processed and absorbed by the body with the aid of magnesium chloride. Magnesium has also been demonstrated to support strong bones, a healthy heart, and appropriate blood pressure levels.
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A subunit of an organic compound that confers particular chemical and physical properties is termed.
A substituent is an organic compound's component that gives specific chemical and physical capabilities.
What defines as a chemical?Any chemical is any substance whose breakdown is known. A chemical constantly consist of a single "substance," or put it another way. Water is one of the substances found in nature. Chemical, dimethylformamide, methanol, hexane, quinoline, xylene, benzene, ethyl acetate, thf, and ethyl ether are examples of flammable liquids.
What is chemical made of?Chemicals are another name for matter, which is everything composed of atoms. Chemicals are really the structure you can create using atoms as the building pieces in a LEGO set. They could be solid, liquid, or gas in any form. Chemicals may be a combination or a pure substance.
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How do we balance a chemical equation 4 marks?.
To balance a chemical equation, place coefficient as needed in front of the symbols or formulas of the elements. So the same number of each type of atom occurs in both reactants and products.
Steps to be followed are-
(1) Write down the chemical reaction in the form of word equation, keeping all the reactants on left hand side and keeping products on right hand side.
(2) Write all the symbol and formula of all reactants and products in word equation.
(3) Balance the whole equation by multiplying the symbols and formula by smallest possible figures.
Same number of each and every atom, of same type occurs in both reactants and products.
Once all the individual elements are balanced, then the total number of atoms of each element on the reactant and product side are compared once again after balancing. If there are no inequalities, the chemical equation is said to be balanced.
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ignoring the effects of recoil, what minimum energy must the photon have for this reaction to occur? the mass of a 2814si atom is 27.976927 u , and the mass of a 2412mg atom is 23.985042 u .
Ignoring the effects of recoil, the minimum energy must the photon have for this reaction to occur is 10 MeV
The nuclear reaction is (28,14)Si+ γ---(24,12)Si+He(2,4)
The binding energy that holds the nuclide is
E=Δmc^2
where Δm is the mass defect
Δm=27.976927+0-[23.985042+4.002602]
Δm=-0.010717x1.66054x10^-27 kg
So the minimum energy of photon should be
ΔE=Δmc^2=0.017796x10^-27x(3x10^8)^2/1.6x10^-19 V
ΔE= 10 MeV
Binding energy is the energy required to separate a particle from a system of particles.The mass of any stable nucleus is found to be less than the sum of the mass of all the protons and neutrons inside the nucleus. This lost mass is stored in the form of energy that keeps the nucleus together and is termed as binding energy.To learn more about binding energy visit:
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how are ion-dipole interactions able to break apart the relatively strong ionic bond when an ionic solute dissolves into a polar solvent?
Ion - dipole attraction are weaker than ionic bond. A large number of ion - dipole attractions can act collectively to disrupt on ionic bond.
An ion-dipole interaction is the intermolecular force of attraction between a charge ion (cation or anion) and a molecule. It is found commonly in the solution where ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents.
onic bond, also called electrovalent bond, type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.
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For compounds lino3 and h2o , indicate the type of forces that are involved.
The interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules like H₂O is lon-dipole forces.
lon-dipole forces can be defined as the attraction between molecules due to the interaction between opposite lons of molecules.
The distribution of electrons is asymmeric in this case.
This Interaction is seen between polar molecules.
For example-Interaction between LiNO3 and H₂O
Therefore, the interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules is lon-dipole forces.
If a polar molecule induces a dipole in a neutral molecule, than such interactions are called dipole-induced dipole interactions.
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be sure to answer all parts. write structural formulas for all the isomeric nitrotoluenes. ortho derivative draw structure ... meta derivative draw structure ... para derivative draw structure ...
Create structural formulas and give all the isomeric compounds respectable names (a) Nitrotoluenes: (a) To the methyl group, the nitro group may be ortho, meta, or para.
What is the purpose of nitrotoluene?
In the manufacturing of pigments, antioxidants, agricultural chemicals, and photographic chemicals, nitrotoluene is typically used. For the purpose of detecting explosives, ortho- and para-mononitrotoluene can be utilised as detection taggants.
How is nitrotoluene produced?
Fractional distillation is a method that can be used to separate the combination of p-nitrotoluene and o-nitrotoluene. Thus, benzene is changed into p-nitrotoluene by first changing it into toluene, which is then changed into a combination of o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene. Finally, the mixture is separated into its component parts by fractional distillation to produce p-nitrotoluene.
Briefing
Formula of p-nitrotoluene?
CH3C6H4NO2
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when a hydrochloric acid solution is combined with a potassium hydroxide solution, an acid-base reaction occurs. write a balanced molecular equation for this reaction. write a balanced molecular equation for this reaction.
Due to the fact that it produces H+ in an aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid is an acid. Due to the fact that it releases OH in an aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide is a basic.
Does potassium hydroxide hurt people?
A caustic substance is potassium hydroxide. It can cause significant harm to tissues if it comes into touch with them, including burning or ulceration. This article concerns toxicity caused by ingesting, touching, or using goods containing potassium hydroxide.
KCl(aq) + H2O = HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) (l)
How may potassium hydroxide benefit the skin?
Potassium hydroxide, also known as lye, is a highly alkaline chemical that is used sparingly in cosmetics to adjust the pH of the final product. It is also employed as a cleaning agent, most frequently in products that are pure soaps or soap hybrids.
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the unstable isotope of potassium 40k has a half life of 1.28 x109 years and can be used to date rocks. if you have a sample with 1.6x10-6 grams of 40k, home many decays per second will occur in your sample?
The number of atoms of k40 decaying per second will be 0.133 × 10⁸
First, we need to convert the 1.6× 10⁻⁶ g of sample into number of atoms of potassium and to convert the activity into numbers of atoms that decay per second.
( 1.6 ×10⁻⁶ g K-40)(1 mol K/ 39.9 g)(6.022 x 10²³ atoms K-40/mol) =
=0.241 × 10¹⁷
We can then use the first-order rate equation to find rate constant, k
k = 4.1 x 10-9 s-1
t1/2= 0.693/k
t1/2= 0.693/ k
k= 0.693/t1/2
k= 0.693/1.28 × 10⁹
k= 0.5414 × 10⁻⁹ /sec
No of atoms decaying/sec = k [0.241× 10¹⁷ atoms]
= 0.5414 × 10⁻⁹ × 0.241× 10¹⁷
= 0.130 × 10⁸
So, the number of atoms decaying per second will be 0.133 × 10⁸ .
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