The amount of ganglion cells and visual receptor cells shows convergence of information.
The absence of photoreceptors at the optic disc is caused by what?The absence of photoreceptors in the optic disc region is caused by the ganglion cell axons exiting the retina and creating the optic nerve. FIG. 19.5, Different densities of rods and cones are seen throughout the retina. At the fovea, cones are situated.
Scotopic vision is caused by which cells?The rods are in charge of scotopic vision, while the cones are in charge of color and daylight vision. Red, green, and blue lights cause different types of cones to react.
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At the neuromuscular junction, an electrical signal from the motor neuron is translated to a chemical signal and then back to an electrical signal in the muscle cell. What proteins interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell?.
Cation ligand-gated channels are the proteins that interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell.
Neurotransmitters are chemical signals released in the cleft when a nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction. A ligand-gated cation channel opens as a result of these chemical signals binding to the motor endplate's receptor. The receptor contains these channels. Cations, specifically Na+, can flow across the membrane by opening ion channels. A muscle action potential is sparked by the introduction of cations, which increases the positive charge of the muscle fiber's interior. acetylcholine is found in motor neuron synaptic vesicles at a neuromuscular junction.
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(complete question)
At the neuromuscular junction, an electrical signal from the motor neuron is translated to a chemical signal and then back to an electrical signal in the muscle cell. What proteins interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell?
a.Sodium voltage-gated channels
b.Potassium ligand-gated channels
c.Cation ligand-gated channels
d.Calcium mechanical-gated channels
even though fibroadenomas are a benign tumor of the breast, they are hormonally responsive. what does this mean?
The exact cause of a fibroadenoma is unknown. It is assumed that it happens as a result of increased oestrogen sensitivity.
A fibroadenoma is typically felt as a smooth, moveable lump in the breast that is felt to be present. Although fibroadenomas are typically painless, they can occasionally feel tender or even painful, especially right before a period. lobules (milk-producing glands) and ducts make up the breasts. These have glandular, fibrous, and fatty tissue covering them. This tissue determines the size and shape of the breasts.
A lobule is the source of fibroadenomas. A substantial lump is created by the glandular tissue and ducts growing over the lobule.
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Are viruses alive? This question is debated among scientists throughout the world. Consider the following passage. Scientific researchers discovered agents that behaved like bacteria causing diseases such as rabies and hoof-and-mouth, but were much smaller. At this time it became the general view that viruses were biologically "alive." This perception changed in 1935 when the tobacco mosaic virus was crystallized and scientists demonstrated that the particles lacked any mechanisms necessary for metabolic function. It was determined that viruses consisted of a nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein shell and the scientific view changed: viruses are complex biochemical mechanisms but not alive.
According to the passage, the MOST IMPORTANT evidence supporting the opinion that viruses are not alive is that they
Responses
A are much smaller than bacteria. are much smaller than bacteria.
B contain DNA or RNA. contain DNA or RNA.
C cause disease.cause disease.
D do not have a cellular structure.
Answer: D
Explanation:
the six projections from the gray matter seen in cross-sections of the spinal cord are called .
The six projections gray matter in the cross-section of the spinal cord is called horn.
The spinal cord is a collection of nerve fibers surrounded by bones, discs, cartilage, ligaments and muscles to protect it from injury and shock due to body movements. When the spinal medulla is cut horizontally, the structure of the spine will be seen in two parts, the gray colored part (subtansia grsea) and the white colored part (subtansia alba).
Gray matter (subtansia grisea) is shaped like a butterfly on the spine. This part includes nerve cells (neurons) and glial cells and also has four 'wings' called horns. The two front horns are called ventral horns and the two rear horns are called dorsal horns. The dorsal and ventral horns are connected to the skeletal muscles. Then there is the lateral horn which works on the autonomic nervous system.
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describe how quorum sensing and two-component regulatory systems allow cells to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions.
Bacteria may regulate their gene expression in response to their population density through quorum sensing (QS) regulation.
Although their production level can also be altered by the environment, the bacteria create signaling molecules that build up during particular phases of development.
Bacteria employ the generation and detection of extracellular substances known as autoinducers, a kind of cell-cell communication known as quorum sensing, to track the density of their population of cells. Quorum sensing enables bacteria to coordinate their collective gene expression and operate as a single unit.
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The most common elements for life are
CHONPS
The letter O symbolizes the element....
A. oxide
B. oxygen
C. oxidase
Answer: Oxygen
Explanation:
Diatomic oxygen (O2) makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere and is vital for life.
true or false: pachycephalosaurs have a frill, or margin of bone that protrudes off the back of the skull. group of answer choices
TRUE-pachycephalosaurs have a frill, or margin of bone that protrudes off the back of the skull.
Pachycephalosaurs, which means "thickheaded lizard" in Greek, was a small family of dinosaurs with an astonishingly high entertainment value. The skulls of these two-legged herbivores ranged from faintly thick to truly dense (in later genera like Stegoceras). It is popular for having a bigger, bone dome a top its skull which was up to 25 cm (10 in) thick and sheltered its tiny brain. The skull was short and had large, rounded eye sockets that faced forward, indicating that the animal had good eyesight and could see in both directions. Pachycephalosaurus had a short muzzle and a pointed beak. The teeth were tiny, with crowns shaped like leaves.
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During which stage of mitotic division do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?.
Chromosomes align in the cell equator occurs at the metaphase stage.
Mitosis is the process of cell division into two daughter cells with identical DNA base pairs. Mitosis takes place in four stages namely prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
In the second stage of mitosis, namely the metaphase stage when the nuclear membrane is gone, so the chromosomes come out of the nucleus and are aligned in the the equator cell. Chromosomes are in the densest state so that they are shorter and thicker and the chromatids repel each other, each attached to the opposite end of the fiber.
.
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which of the following is a example of facilitated diffusion?
A. plants bringing nutrients into their roots from the soil
B. the sodium-potassium pump actively bringing sodium and potassium into the cell
C. protein channels embedded in the cell membrane helping large molecules enter the cell
D. liquid molecules colliding
An example of facilitated diffusion is protein channels embedded in the cell membrane helping large molecules enter the cell. So, the correct answer will be option (c).
The type of diffusion where the molecules move or transfer from a higher concentrated region to a lower concentrated region with the help of a carrier agent is generally known as Facilitated diffusion. Since facilitated diffusion is a type of passive diffusion, it does not need or use energy. Factors, such as the size of the molecules, temperature, diffusion distance, concentration, etc., take part in affecting facilitated diffusion. Some more examples of facilitated diffusion include Ion channels, Glucose transporter, Aquaporins, and so on.
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The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.
The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because neurohormones, not as neurotransmitters.
The medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland and is concerned with the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine. The adrenal medulla is a glandular extension of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated in response to stress or threat, the medulla oblongata releases two substances, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, into the bloodstream. Each stimulates a target organ in the same way, but adrenaline is removed from the bloodstream more slowly and its effects last longer, increasing the metabolic rate to produce more energy.
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Would the damaged cells in the lymph nodes be immune cells or breast cells?
Immune cells
Breast cells
Answer: I think the immune system due to it being an highway for the immune system and is important for it.
Explanation: Yea i think immune possibly.
Answer:
immune would be the correct answer.
Explanation:
plato
what is radial symmetry? answer when an organism cannot be divided to produce a mirror image when an organism can be divided two ways around the central axis to make a mirror image there is only one way an organism can be divided to make a mirror image when an organism can be divided multiple ways around their central axis to make a mirror image
Radial symmetry is a type of symmetry in which the body plan is divisible into identical parts all over a central axis.
Symmetry is a characteristic of assured organisms in which there is regularity in parts on a plane or all over an axis. Radial symmetry is a symmetry in which the sides display correspondence or constancy of parts all over a central axis. It is without left and right sides. On contrary, bilateral symmetry is more usual than radial symmetry.
Relatively fewer animals possess radial symmetry. Some of them are sea stars, sea anemones, jellyfish and sea urchins. In the plant kingdom, though, many flowers are manifesting radial symmetry.
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What is composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream?.
Endocrine glands have composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream.
Endocrine glands are also known as hormone-producing glands. These glands are scattered in various parts of the body and have their respective roles in regulating organ systems. Therefore, their health needs to be maintained in order to function normally.
Various Glands in Endocrine Glands1. Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain. Despite its small size, the function of this gland is very large in the endocrine system. This gland is considered the 'leader' of all endocrine glands, as it can produce various hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands.
2. Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which are responsible for regulating the body's metabolic processes. In addition, this hormone also plays a role in the formation of bone tissue, body temperature regulation, and the development of the brain and nervous system.
3. Parathyroid glands
This gland releases parathyroid hormone which plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. The task of this hormone is assisted by the hormone calcitonin which is produced by the thyroid gland.
4. Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are divided into two parts, namely the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is responsible for producing steroid hormones that regulate metabolism, the immune system, the body's response to stress, and the development and function of sexual organs.
Meanwhile, the medulla plays a role in producing the hormone epinephrine or adrenaline to increase blood pressure and heart rate.
5. Pancreatic gland
The pancreas gland produces two hormones, namely the hormone glucagon and the hormone insulin. Glucagon functions to store and increase blood sugar levels, while insulin functions to lower blood sugar levels.
6. Reproductive glands
The male reproductive glands or testes are located in the testicles or scrotum, while the female reproductive glands, the ovaries or ovaries, are located in the pelvis.
The testes produce the hormone testosterone to produce sperm, while the ovaries produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone which play a role in supporting pregnancy and regulating the process of ovulation and menstruation.
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how does a homozygous round seed plant differ from a heterozygous round seed plant in the f2 generation?
A homozygous round seed in the f2 generation has the same pair of alleles and a heterozygous one has two different alleles.
Humans have two sets of Chromosomes. Allelic pairs are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygote refers to a particular organism with different alleles (Rr).
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the constriction of blood vessels in the scalp, which limits the oxygen supply to the brain is a .
An intracranial stenosis is a narrowing of the blood arteries in the scalp that reduces the oxygen supply to the brain.
What causes the scalp's blood arteries to constrict, limiting the amount of oxygen that can reach the brain?A narrowing of the arteries within the brain is known as intracranial stenosis. It is brought on by a buildup of plaque in the blood vessel's inner wall, just like carotid stenosis in the neck. The part of the brain that the damaged veins serve has less blood flow as a result of the blood vessels' constriction.
Which happens at the initial phase of stress?Your body's defenses begin to build during the alarm stage, when your central nervous system is awakened. A fight-or-flight reaction is produced at this SOS stage. During the resistance stage, your body starts to heal and restore normal heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
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small bundles of lymphoid tissues lining the walls of the intestine to protect against invading organisms are called .
Peyer's patches (or aggregated lymphoid nodules) are organized lymphoid nodules,
Peyer's patches are a component of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
Microscopically, Peyer's patches can be seen appear as oval or round lymphoid follicles.
Named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Peyer.
They are found all through the ileum area of the small intestine. ileum is the last area of small intestine.
majority people have between 30 and 40 Peyer’s patches and younger people have more than older people.
Peyer patches have variety of immune cells which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells.
there are also M cells near to Peyer patches, these M cells feed antigens to the macrophages.
Peyer patches function as, if any antigen is a harmful pathogen, the T cells and B cells in the Peyer’s patches signal your immune system to attack and destroy it
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A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as?.
A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as ecological succession.
Ecological succession is the process of change in an ecological community's species composition over time. The time frame can span several decades or fewer (for instance, following a wildfire). The community grows through an increase in complexity from a small number of pioneering plants and animals to a stable or self-sustaining climax community.
Succession is a process that occurs after a disturbance or the early colonization of a new environment. It involves changes to an ecological community that are more or less predictable and orderly. Secondary succession refers to succession that occurs after a pre-existing community has been disrupted, whereas primary succession refers to succession that starts in new environments with no impact from pre-existing groups.
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vitamin d is necessary for a. reduce osteoclast activity; b. increase osteoblast activity; c. the formation of the organic framework of bone d. collagen formation; e. absorption of calcium and phosphate ions;
Using the theories of vitamins, we got vitamin d is necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.
Vitamin D is actually a fat-soluble vitamin in a family of compounds that includes vitamins D1, D2, and D3.
Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it’s directly exposed to the sunlight. You can also get vitamin D from certain foods and the supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.
Vitamin D has various important functions. Perhaps it is the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and the phosphorus and facilitating normal immune system function (1).
Getting enough vitamin D is important for the typical growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as it improved resistance to certain diseases.
Hence, vitamin D is necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.
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a vector a. allows cells to take up foreign dna. b. encodes herbicide resistance. c. carries cloned dna, allowing it to replicate in cells. d. destroys cells that do not contain cloned dna.
In molecular biology, a vector is a DNA molecule that is used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell.
The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes.A vector is a living organism that spreads infectious agents from infected animal to infected animal. Arthropod vectors include mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas, and lice. The haematophagous arthropod definition, which defines vectors solely as blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, tsetse flies, and biting midges, is similar. Vector quantities include displacement, acceleration, force, momentum, weight, the speed of light, a gravitational field, current, and so on.
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The diagram shows a process that is occurring in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
What would MOST LIKELY happen if the process in the nucleus is interrupted?
a
DNA would not be able to be produced.
b
DNA would not be decoded into an RNA molecule.
c
Amino acids would bind together.
d
Protein synthesis would be increased.
Answer:
I believe B
Explanation:
in the nucleus is where transcription occurs aka DNA converted to RNA codons.
Identify at least 3 ways the river changed because of wolves
I need this ASAP! (No answer choices...)
where does the diver have the highest amount of potential energy?
A. while at the highest point in the air.
B. After jumping into the water.
C. While standing on the edge of the diving board.
D. After resurfacing from the water.
Answer:
A. while at the highest point in the air
Explanation:
because the diver is at a more higher point. that gives the diver potential energy
broth cultures generally die out quickly because of the build-up of metabolic wastes. why is this less of a problem with slant cultures?
The slant cultures do not die out quickly as compared to the broth cultures because the metabolic waste is formed very slowly and bacteria cannot get adequate nutrition.
Why slant culture do not die as quickly as broth culture?
The slant cultures do not die out quickly as compared to the broth cultures because metabolic waste builds up slowly and bacteria cannot derive adequate nutrition. Food and metabolic waste gradually diffuse in the slant culture and create less complications than broth cultures.
Broth cultures is a way for scientists to grow and maintain the cultures of bacteria and they are also useful for bacteria that have been in stressful experiment.
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Which representation would show the organization of life from simplest to the most complex?
Heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system.
Circulatory system, heart tissue, heart cells.
Circulatory system, heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue.
Heart muscle tissue, circulatory system, heart muscle cells.
Answer:
Heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system.
Explanation:
I took the test
CASE STUDY Explain the relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria, and the symptoms caused by LHON.
The relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria and the symptoms caused by LHON is the following:
The power center of the cell, the mitochondria are also involved in homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment even in the face of variations in the external environment.
Mitochondrial diseases can be caused by inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA or defects in the proteins responsible for regulating mitochondrial division, affecting the body's homeostasis.
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is the first disease associated with a mutation in the mitochondrial genome, specifically it produces the specific degradation of neurons involved in sending information from the eye to the brain (RGC).
This disease is caused almost entirely by three mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
The first symptoms are blurred vision, with unilateral or bilateral onset, which over time affects and / or worsens in both eyes, with loss of visual acuity and color vision.
Vision loss is painless and is caused by degeneration of the optic nerve, specifically of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC).
Therefore, we can conclude that LHON is a disease associated with a mutation in the mitochondrial genome affecting the body's homeostasis.
a change in the dna sequence of a gene is called a(n) , which can result in a change in the phenotype.
An alteration to a gene's DNA sequence that is permanent is known as a gene variation.
An illustration of a gene variant is?Different gene forms, often known as alleles, are the outcome of genetic variation. One allele of the eye color gene, for instance, is present in people with blue eyes, but a different allele is present in persons with brown eyes.
What does phenotypic transformation entail?3,4,33 In phenotypic switching, a cell or organism can change from one phenotype to another or two cells or organisms might exhibit different phenotypes despite sharing the same genotype.
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Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle "The Circle of Life"? (Starting with a new cell)
The Circle Of Life — Mindfully Connected
a
Go, G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, S-Phase
b
G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
c
S-Phase, G1, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
d
Cytokinesis, Mitosis, G1, S-Phase, G2
The correct sequence is G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis .
First phase of the cell cycle is G1 phase, the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles. after that In S phase, the cell copies its DNA to produce two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes. Finally, G2 phase involves further cell growth.
Phase that is active after G2 is mitosis. Mitosis is the process of a cell dividing into two equal daughter cells with same genetic information. This process is crucial as it helps in regeneration of cells that might be damaged or destroyed . After that cytokinesis helps to from two different homologous pair of cells .
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The flower is the blank organ
responsible for making blank.
Its strong odor attracts black
that help transport the black
from the stamen to the blank
The major floral components are the male stamen and the female pistil. The flower is an empty organ from the stamen to the blank. Anthers and filaments make up the stamen's two components.
What gender does the stamen have?The top-most anther and the stalk and filament that supports it are together referred to as the stamens, which are the male components of the flower. The pistil is the name for all of the feminine components. Stigma is the name for the sticky, pollen-receptive portion of the pistil that sits on top.
What role does a stamen play in the body?Flowering plants have stamens as their male reproductive organs. They are made up of an anther, which is where pollen develops, and, in the majority of species, a stalk-like filament that supplies the anther with nutrients and water while positioning it to facilitate pollen dissemination.
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which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?
Type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction or dilation of blood vessels are Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Blood vessels are channels that deliver blood during your body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that starts offevolved and ends at your coronary heart. Collectively, the coronary heart vessels and blood vessels shape your circulatory device. Your body incorporates approximately 60,000 miles of blood vessels.
Vessels shipping vitamins to organs/tissues and to transport wastes faraway from organs/tissues within the blood. A primary reason and sizeable role of the vasculature is its participation in oxygenating the body.
There are five instructions of blood vessels: arteries and arterioles (the arterial machine), veins and venules (the venous system), and capillaries (the smallest bloods vessels, linking arterioles and venules through networks within organs and tissues) .
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When a human donor gives a pint of blood, it usually requires how many weeks for
the body
RESERVE of red corpuscles to be replaced? Is it:
When a human donor gives a pint of blood, it usually requires 7 weeks for the body RESERVE of red corpuscles to be replaced.
What are red corpuscles?Red blood cells, also referred to as red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
Moreover, red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. Then they make the return trip, taking carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be exhaled.
Therefore, blood and lymph cells are both considered to be corpuscles because they are suspended in liquid within the body. Sometimes the word is used to mean simply "a small piece of something,".
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