The study of organizational behavior seeks to understand and explain how individuals and groups behave within an organizational context. It explores the interactions, dynamics, and patterns of behavior that occur within an organization, aiming to provide insights into employee motivation, decision-making, communication, leadership, and overall organizational effectiveness.
Organizational behavior is influenced by various factors, including individual differences, organizational culture, leadership styles, power dynamics, group dynamics, and external environmental factors. These influences shape the behavior of individuals and groups within the organization, affecting their attitudes, motivation, job satisfaction, and performance.
Regarding the statement that organizational behavior is an art pretending to be a science and that it produces spurious research findings, it is important to recognize that organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field that draws from multiple scientific disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and management. While there is subjectivity and interpretation involved in studying human behavior, rigorous scientific methods are employed to gather empirical evidence and generate valid and reliable knowledge.
In conclusion, organizational behavior is a complex field that examines human behavior within organizations. It is influenced by various factors, both internal and external to the organization. While it may have elements of art in terms of interpretation and subjectivity, it is firmly grounded in scientific principles and methodologies, aiming to generate knowledge that can inform organizational practices and enhance our understanding of human behavior in the workplace.
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Organizational behavior (OB) refers to the study of how people behave in an organizational environment, how their behavior impacts the performance of the organization, and how the organization affects people's behavior.
It is a scientific approach to understanding organizational life, based on a systematic and empirical examination of human behavior in the workplace.
The nature of organizational behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, including individual differences, group dynamics, organizational culture, leadership, communication, and change. All these factors have a significant impact on the behavior of employees in the workplace, and consequently on the overall performance of the organization.
The study of organizational behavior is not just an art but also a science. While it is true that some spurious research findings have been produced in the field, the same can be said of any scientific field. The key is to use scientific methods to study organizational behavior and to base conclusions on evidence rather than opinion or conjecture.
In summary, organizational behavior is a complex and multifaceted field that seeks to understand how people behave in organizations, how their behavior affects the organization, and how the organization affects their behavior. The study of organizational behavior is both an art and a science, and its findings can help organizations improve their performance by better understanding the behavior of their employees.
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You are the head(s) of the Canadian division for one of the following American companies:
McDonalds Canada
You, the new director(s) of the Canadian division, will be presenting an annual "Canadian Division" update for your CEO at the American headquarters. Since you are new to the role, this will be your first time meeting your CEO in person. This is a mandatory presentation that is delivered by the director(s) of the Canadian division on an annual basis. Your CEO is looking for an update on the performance of the Canadian division from the past year, as well as the projected performance for the remainder of the current year. Your CEO is busy and does not have a lot of time to chat, so this presentation is meant to be brief while still being helpful and informative. Think about it. What does your CEO need to know? Try to keep this presentation high level, simple and helpful. You want to leave a good impression that ultimately helps you build trust with the boss and leaves the Canadian division shining in a positive light.
Information to include in your presentation:
Sales projections for 2021- you can break this down by entire country or by provinces. You should also talk about HOW and/or WHY you anticipate these projections (increased social media marketing, more buildings/stores, buying trends, etc.).
. Other news about Canadian division- charity/volunteering initiatives, employee promotions, new Canadian stores, University partnering initiative, other big plans, etc.
Anything you think can be helpful or interesting for the CEO to know
Conclusion- summary and thank you
Notes
If you can't find accurate information online (i.e. sales projections, company trends), it's okay to make up new numbers or information. However, try to make sure the numbers/information that you make up are realistic. The purpose of this assignment is to practice your informational presentation skills in a realistic way.
Sales numbers you use should be real. These numbers are easy to find online in a company's annual report. Please cite this information as well as any other sourced information.
Good morning/afternoon [CEO's name]. Thank you for the opportunity to present the annual update on McDonald's Canada. As the new director(s) of the Canadian division, we are excited to share the progress and plans of our division.
In terms of sales projections for 2021, we anticipate a positive growth trajectory. Based on our analysis of the market trends and consumer preferences, we expect a 5% increase in overall sales compared to the previous year. This projection is primarily driven by several factors: the successful implementation of targeted social media marketing campaigns, expansion of our store footprint in key provinces, and adapting to evolving buying trends by introducing innovative menu offerings to cater to the changing tastes of our customers.
Beyond sales, we are proud to share some exciting news about our Canadian division. Our division has actively engaged in charity and volunteering initiatives, partnering with local organizations to make a positive impact in the communities we serve. We have also witnessed employee promotions and have successfully opened new stores across the country. In addition, we have launched a university partnering initiative, fostering collaborations with academic institutions to support research and innovation in the food industry.
In conclusion, we are confident in the projected growth of McDonald's Canada for 2021. Our commitment to customer satisfaction, community engagement, and innovation positions us for continued success. We appreciate your time and support, and we look forward to contributing to the overall success of the company. Thank you.
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Company A’s short-term investments in stocks and bonds which will be resold in the future....
options:
ARE INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY
ARE NOT INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY
Inventory Company A bought from a vendor, f.o.b. destination, which is in transit when Company A closes its books....
options:
IS INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY
IS NOT INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY
Inventory Company A sold to a customer, f.o.b. destination, which is in transit when Company A closes its books....
options:
IS INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY
IS NOT INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY
If the inventory is in transit, it is not considered part of Company A's inventory as of the closing date. The inventory is still considered part of Company A's inventory as of the closing date, even if it is in transit.
For the first question regarding Company A's short-term investments in stocks and bonds, which will be resold in the future, the correct option is: ARE NOT INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY. Short-term investments in stocks and bonds are typically classified as marketable securities and are reported separately from inventory on the balance sheet.
For the second question concerning Inventory Company A bought from a vendor, f.o.b. destination, which is in transit when Company A closes its books, the correct option is: IS NOT INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY. The ownership and risk of the inventory typically transfer to the buyer when the goods reach the destination specified in the f.o.b. (free on board) terms.
For the third question regarding Inventory Company A sold to a customer, f.o.b. destination, which is in transit when Company A closes its books, the correct option is: IS INCLUDED IN COMPANY A’S INVENTORY. When goods are sold with f.o.b. destination terms, the ownership and risk remain with Company A until the goods reach the customer's destination.
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The lollosing tatie defines torms relevant to fhe basic Ficardian model of one faclor and tiro goods Which of the folswing conctions will nduce Home to specalize in chocolate? A. (Pc⋅Pw)>(aLcta+w) 8. (PcP2)<(a1c2w) D. PP∘ " Suppose thame wore to trade wint foevin at the reative price of (PeP w w)=0.5
The given options (Pc⋅Pw) > (aLcta + w), (PcP2) < (a1c2w), and PP∘ all refer to the basic Ricardian model of one factor and two goods. Hence, to find out which of the given conditions will induce Home to specialize in chocolate, we have to apply the theory of comparative advantage.
Therefore, let's analyze each option one by one:(Pc⋅Pw) > (aLcta + w)In this condition, the price ratio of the two goods (cloth and wine) is greater than the opportunity cost of producing wine (aLcta + w).Therefore, this condition will induce Home to specialize in chocolate. PP∘The given condition has no relevance to the basic Ricardian model and cannot be used to determine the country's specialization in any good. Therefore, this condition will not induce Home to specialize in chocolate. Hence, the correct option is B. (PcP2) < (a1c2w).
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What is the solution of the Solow model for consumption per person in the steady state, c ∗
=C ∗
/L ∗
? How does each parameter in the solution affect c ∗
, and why? Getting Started: To solve this write c ∗
as a function y ∗
. In the class, we have already derived the steady state value of y ∗
which you can then substitute and write an expression solely in terms of exogenous parameters.
The Solow model, developed by Robert Solow in the 1950s, is a classic growth model that examines the determinants of steady-state output per worker. It considers factors such as capital accumulation, population growth, and technological progress. In the Solow model, the solution for consumption per person in the steady state is represented as c* = C* / L*.
The steady-state output per person, y*, is given by the equation f(k*) = sA * f(k*) + (1 - δ) * k*, where k* represents the steady-state capital stock per person. By substituting y* for f(k*) in the equation for c*, we can derive the expression:
c* = [sA * f(k*) + (1 - δ) * k* - δk* / L* - n * (K* / L*)^2
Here, s represents the savings rate, A denotes the level of technology, δ represents the depreciation rate, α is the elasticity of output with respect to capital, and n is the rate of population growth. The four exogenous parameters that determine the level of steady-state consumption per person are the savings rate, the level of technology, the depreciation rate, and the rate of population growth.
The effects of these parameters on c* are as follows:
1. The savings rate (s): An increase in the savings rate raises the steady-state capital stock per person (k*), leading to higher steady-state output per person (y*) and steady-state consumption per person (c*).
2. The level of technology (A): An increase in the level of technology raises the steady-state capital stock per person (k*), resulting in higher steady-state output per person (y*) and steady-state consumption per person (c*).
3. The depreciation rate (δ): An increase in the depreciation rate lowers the steady-state capital stock per person (k*), leading to a decrease in steady-state output per person (y*) and steady-state consumption per person (c*).
4. The rate of population growth (n): An increase in the rate of population growth lowers the steady-state capital stock per person (k*), resulting in a decrease in steady-state output per person (y*) and steady-state consumption per person (c*).
In summary, the Solow model demonstrates that steady-state consumption per person depends on the level of capital per person, which is influenced by exogenous parameters such as the savings rate, the level of technology, the depreciation rate, and the rate of population growth. An increase in any of these parameters leads to higher steady-state output per person and steady-state consumption per person.
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What are the seven most common types of advertising appeals?
The seven most common types of advertising appeals are humor, fear, sex appeal, music, rational appeal, emotional appeal, and scarcity. These types of appeals are used to evoke emotions and persuade potential customers to buy the product or service being advertised.
Here is a more detailed explanation of each type of appeal:Humor: The use of humor is a popular advertising technique that aims to make the audience laugh. It is a useful tool to help make the brand or product more memorable, and to create a positive association between the brand and the consumer.Fear: Fear is another common advertising appeal that aims to evoke an emotional response from the audience. It is used to create a sense of urgency, highlighting the negative consequences that may occur if the consumer does not buy the product or service.
Sex appeal: Sex appeal is a technique used to capture the attention of the audience by using attractive models or actors. It is used in a wide range of products such as clothing, perfume, and cars. Music: The use of music is a popular advertising technique that helps to evoke an emotional response from the audience.
Emotional appeal: Emotional appeal is used to evoke strong emotions from the audience, such as happiness, sadness, or anger. It is used to create a sense of connection between the consumer and the product or service being advertised.Scarcity: Scarcity is used to create a sense of urgency in the audience. It highlights the limited availability of the product or service and encourages the consumer to act quickly before it is too late.
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Share your thoughts on, "Heavy metal contamination of freshwater resources and sustainable remediation options for ecosystem restoration." Support your rationale by providing relevant examples and graphics etc.
Heavy metal contamination of freshwater resources is a significant environmental concern.Sustainable remediation s, such as phytoremediation and bioaugmentation, can help restore ecosystems. For example, using aquatic plants like water hyacinth or implementing microbial treatments can mitigate heavy metal pollution.
Heavy metal contamination in freshwater resources poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Industries, mining activities, and improper waste disposal are some of the sources of heavy metal pollutants. When these contaminants enter freshwater bodies, they can accumulate in sediments, affecting aquatic organisms and subsequently impacting the entire ecosystem.
To address this issue, sustainable remediation s have emerged as effective approaches for ecosystem restoration. Phytoremediation is one such method that utilizes specific plants, like water hyacinth, to uptake and accumulate heavy metals from water and sediments. These plants have the ability to absorb pollutants through their roots and store them in their tissues, thus reducing the concentration of contaminants in the water. Similarly, bioaugmentation involves introducing specific microorganisms into the contaminated environment, which can transform or remove the heavy metals through their metabolic processes.
Implementing these sustainable remediation s has shown promising results in several case studies. For nce, in a polluted river, the introduction of water hyacinth led to a significant reduction in heavy metal concentrations over time.
Graphics and visuals are valuable tools for presenting scientific data and conveying information to a wider audience. They can illustrate the effectiveness of sustainable remediation methods by showcasing visual comparisons between the initial contamination state and the restored condition. For example, graphs depicting pollutant reduction rates, maps highlighting contamination hotspots, or images showing increased bio diversity and improved water quality can effectively support the rationale for sustainable remediation.
By using graphics, relevant examples, and case studies, the message of the importance of addressing heavy metal contamination and the viability of sustainable remediation s can be effectively communicated.
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What is the yield-to-maturity of a Patriot Theaters bond with a coupon rate of 12.25%, par value of $1000,23 years until maturity, and a price of $1234.57 if coupons are paid semi-annually with the next one due in 6 months?(Round the value to 100 th decimal and Please enter the value only without converting it to a decimal format. If the answer is 8.55%, enter 8.55 )
To calculate the yield-to-maturity of a bond, we need information about the coupon rate, par value, time to maturity, price, and coupon payment frequency.
To find the yield-to-maturity, we use the formula and employ a trial-and-error method or financial software to solve for the discount rate that equates the present value of the bond's future cash flows (coupon payments and the final principal payment) to its current price.
In this case, the bond has a coupon rate of 12.25% with semi-annual coupon payments, a par value of $1000, 23 years until maturity, and a price of $1234.57.
Using financial software or a financial calculator, we can solve for the yield-to-maturity. The result will be a decimal value, which should be rounded to the nearest 100th decimal place.
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Assume that on January 1, 2019 an investor company paid $1,980 to an investee company in exchange for the following assets and liabilities transferred from the investee company: Asset (Liability) Estimated Fair Value Production equipment $500 Factory 800 Licenses 700 In addition, the investor provided to the seller contingent consideration with a fair value of $200 and the investor paid an additional $80 of transaction costs to an unaffiliated third party. The contingent consideration is not a derivative financial instrument. The fair values are measured in accordance with FASB ASC 820: Fair Value Measurement. Assume the net assets transferred from the investee qualify as a "business," as that term is defined in FASB ASC Master Glossary. At what amount will Goodwill be reported in the financial statements of the acquiring company on January 1, 2019? Select one: $0 $180 $20 $60
The amount at which goodwill will be reported in the financial statements of the acquiring company on January 1, 2019 is $260. The correct answer is not among the options provided.
To determine the amount of goodwill recognized in the financial statements of the acquiring company on January 1, 2019, we need to first calculate the total consideration transferred:
Total consideration transferred = Cash paid + Fair value of contingent consideration + Transaction costs
Total consideration transferred = $1,980 + $200 + $80
Total consideration transferred = $2,260
Next, we need to calculate the fair value of the net assets acquired:
Fair value of net assets acquired = Fair value of assets - Fair value of liabilities
Fair value of net assets acquired = ($500 + $800 + $700) - $0
Fair value of net assets acquired = $2,000
Therefore, the goodwill is calculated as:
Goodwill = Total consideration transferred - Fair value of net assets acquired
Goodwill = $2,260 - $2,000
Goodwill = $260
Therefore, the amount at which goodwill will be reported in the financial statements of the acquiring company on January 1, 2019 is $260. The correct answer is not among the options provided.
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Month 1 2 Estimate Actual 1170 1110 1045 1100 3 1050 1000 What is tracking signal at the end of period 3? (2 points)
To calculate the tracking signal, we need to determine the cumulative sum of the forecast errors and the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the forecast errors.
First, let's calculate the forecast errors for each period:
Forecast Error = Actual - Forecast
Period 1: 1100 - 1170 = -70
Period 2: 1045 - 1110 = -65
Period 3: 1050 - 1000 = 50
Next, we calculate the cumulative sum of the forecast errors:
Cumulative Sum of Forecast Errors:
Period 1: -70
Period 2: -70 - 65 = -135
Period 3: -135 + 50 = -85
Now, we calculate the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the forecast errors:
MAD = (|Forecast Error1| + |Forecast Error2| + ... + |Forecast Errorn|) / n
MAD = (|-70| + |-65| + |-50|) / 3
MAD = (70 + 65 + 50) / 3
MAD = 185 / 3
MAD ≈ 61.67
Finally, we calculate the tracking signal:
Tracking Signal = Cumulative Sum of Forecast Errors / MAD
Tracking Signal = -85 / 61.67
Tracking Signal ≈ -1.38
Therefore, the tracking signal at the end of period 3 is approximately -1.38.
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The inventory records for Radford Company reflected the following: What is the amount of gross margin assuming the weighted-overage inventory cost fiow method? Note: Round your intermediate calculations to two decimal places. Multiple Choice $10,020 ⊤
$9,000 $34,800 $25,200
To calculate the gross margin using the weighted-average inventory cost flow method, we need to follow these steps:
Using the weighted-average technique, compute the cost of goods sold (COGS).
COGS = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Ending Inventory
Beginning Inventory = $28,000
Purchases = $72,000
Ending Inventory = $24,000
COGS = $28,000 + $72,000 - $24,000
COGS = $76,000
Calculate the gross margin by subtracting the COGS from the net sales.
Gross Margin = Net Sales - COGS
The net sales are not given in the information provided, so we cannot calculate the gross margin without that information.
Without the net sales, we cannot select the correct answer from the given multiple-choice options.
Therefore, based on the information provided, we cannot determine the amount of gross margin using the weighted-average inventory cost flow method.
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n industry characterized by a duopoly faces the following market demand curve: P=100-0.2(q1 + q2 ).The cost functions for the two firms are C1=300+20q1 and C2=600+0.2q22 respectively. Both forms behave as followers.
(a) Explain why the Cournot model can fit into this market.
(b) Set up the profit functions for two firms.
(c) Determine the reaction functions for each firm
(d) Solve for the profit-maximising level of output for each firm.
(a) The Cournot model is a strategic model of competition that assumes firms in a duopoly determine their output levels simultaneously and independently based on their expectations of how their competitors will behave.
This model fits into the given market because it involves a duopoly, meaning there are only two firms operating in the industry. The firms in this market compete by deciding their quantities, taking into account the market demand and their cost functions. The Cournot model allows for the analysis of how firms' production decisions and market outcomes are influenced by their strategic interactions.
(b) The profit function for Firm 1 (F1) can be expressed as:
Profit1 = (P - C1) * q1
where P is the market price, C1 is the cost function of Firm 1, and q1 is the quantity produced by Firm 1. Similarly, the profit function for Firm 2 (F2) is:
Profit2 = (P - C2) * q2
where C2 is the cost function of Firm 2 and q2 is the quantity produced by Firm 2.
(c) The reaction function for Firm 1 shows how Firm 1 determines its optimal quantity based on its expectations of Firm 2's quantity. In the Cournot model, Firm 1 assumes that Firm 2's quantity is fixed. The reaction function for Firm 1 can be expressed as:
q1 = (a - b * q2) / 2
where a and b are coefficients derived from the market demand curve.
Similarly, the reaction function for Firm 2 can be derived as:
q2 = (a - b * q1) / 2
(d) To solve for the profit-maximizing level of output for each firm, we need to find the Nash equilibrium where both firms' reaction functions intersect. By substituting the reaction function for Firm 2 into the profit function of Firm 1 and vice versa, we can solve for the quantities that maximize the profits for each firm.
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Based on your reading, you can conclude
that
beliefs are created from values.
beliefs and values are static.
beliefs and values are based on things that can be
proven.
values
Values are the beliefs that individuals or groups consider to be important or significant. They represent what is considered valuable or desirable. Values can vary among individuals, organizations, or cultures, as they are influenced by personal experiences, upbringing, and cultural norms.
In essence, values are subjective and reflect the principles and ideals that guide people's actions and decisions. They serve as a moral compass and help individuals prioritize and make choices based on what they hold to be important. For example, one person may prioritize honesty and integrity as key values, while another may prioritize creativity and innovation.
It is important to recognize that values can differ across cultures and individuals. What is considered a core value in one culture may not hold the same significance in another. Likewise, individuals within the same culture may prioritize different values based on their unique perspectives and experiences.
Understanding and respecting the diversity of values is crucial for effective communication, collaboration, and mutual understanding. By recognizing and appreciating the diversity of values, individuals and groups can foster inclusive and respectful environments that embrace different perspectives and promote harmony.
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Apply contingency theory (Clegg et al edition 6 p. 390-394) to discuss and describe which organizational principles you would apply to organize Aleph Tech & MeaTech at the following times
2022-2023 while developing the products. (2 points)
2023-2028 while establishing factories and creating markets for cultural meat. (2 points)
Contingency theory suggests that organizational principles should be tailored to fit the specific circumstances and context in which the organization operates.
Applying this theory to Aleph Tech & MeaTech, the following organizational principles could be considered:
2022-2023 while developing the products: Flexibility: Given the dynamic nature of product development, Aleph Tech & MeaTech should adopt a flexible organizational structure that allows for quick decision-making, experimentation, and adaptation to changing market needs. Cross-functional teams can be formed to encourage collaboration and innovation.
Communication and Collaboration: Effective communication and collaboration among team members, departments, and external stakeholders are crucial during product development. Open lines of communication, regular feedback sessions, and knowledge-sharing platforms should be established to promote information flow and collaboration.
2023-2028 while establishing factories and creating markets for cultured meat: Efficiency and Standardization: As the focus shifts to establishing factories and creating markets, Aleph Tech & MeaTech should emphasize efficiency in production processes and standardization of operations. Clear processes, guidelines, and quality control measures should be put in place to ensure consistent and high-quality production.
Strategic Partnerships: Collaborating with strategic partners such as suppliers, distributors, and regulatory bodies can help Aleph Tech & MeaTech navigate the complexities of market establishment. Partnerships can provide access to necessary resources, expertise, and market insights, enabling the organization to establish a strong presence in the cultured meat market.
In both phases, Aleph Tech & MeaTech should continuously assess and adapt their organizational principles based on the specific challenges, opportunities, and environmental factors they encounter. Contingency theory emphasizes the need for organizations to align their structure, processes, and practices with the unique demands of their operating context to maximize effectiveness and performance.
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write a problem statement on A STUDY OF MENTAL DISTRESS on online POSTGRADUATE STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE.
By recognizing the interplay between mental distress and academic performance, this study aims to promote a holistic approach to supporting online postgraduate students, ultimately enhancing their educational outcomes and overall well-being.
Problem Statement:
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between mental distress and academic performance among online postgraduate students. As online education continues to gain prominence, postgraduate students face unique challenges in balancing their academic responsibilities with personal and professional commitments. Mental distress, characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and stress, has the potential to significantly impact students' well-being and academic outcomes.
While previous research has explored the relationship between mental distress and academic performance in traditional educational settings, limited attention has been given to the specific context of online postgraduate education. The online learning environment presents distinct challenges, including increased feelings of isolation, limited social support, and technological difficulties, which may exacerbate mental distress among students.
Understanding how mental distress influences academic performance among online postgraduate students is crucial for identifying effective strategies to support their well-being and enhance their educational experiences. By investigating the factors contributing to mental distress and its impact on academic performance, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the specific needs and challenges faced by this student population.
The findings of this research will inform educators, institutions, and mental health practitioners about the importance of addressing mental health concerns in the online postgraduate student community. This study will contribute to the development of targeted interventions, support services, and policies that promote mental well-being and facilitate academic success in online postgraduate education.
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Is it possible for a Leontief matrix to have all zero entries? If yes, how will prove that it is applicable based on Leontief assumptions and how can we solve the matrix equation?
Provide examples for a 2x2 and 3x3 null matrix.
No, it is not possible for a Leontief matrix to have all zero entries. The Leontief matrix represents the input-output coefficients in an economy and assumes positive relationships between sectors.
The Leontief input-output model assumes that sectors in an economy are interdependent, meaning each sector requires inputs from other sectors to produce its output.
The Leontief matrix captures these interrelationships by specifying the coefficients of inputs required from each sector for the production of a unit of output in each sector.
If a Leontief matrix has all zero entries, it would imply that no sector requires inputs from any other sector. This contradicts the assumption of interdependence and renders the Leontief model inapplicable.
The Leontief model is based on the idea that an economy's sectors are linked through input-output relationships, and the absence of these relationships makes the model irrelevant.
Therefore, it is not meaningful to provide examples of a 2x2 or 3x3 null (all-zero) Leontief matrix, as it violates the assumptions of the Leontief model.
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The compensation approach for PCNs that looks at what PCNs are making before the international assignment and adds incentives and other adjustments to make sure the PCN retains the same level of income as in the parent country is called the _____.
A. market wages approach. B. balance sheet approach. C. benefits plus wages approach. D. flexibility approach.
The correct option is B. balance sheet approach. The compensation approach for PCNs that looks at what PCNs are making before the international assignment and adds incentives and other adjustments to make sure the PCN retains the same level of income as in the parent country is called the balance sheet approach.
What is balance sheet approach?The Balance Sheet approach for PCNs (Parent Country Nationals) compensation is a kind of localization approach in which a company guarantees the same level of purchasing power parity to an expat that he or she would have in his or her home country.
The balance sheet approach is an approach to expat salary that balances the expat's home and host countries' economic conditions. In this approach, the compensation of expats is structured to guarantee that they are no better or worse off in their host countries than in their home countries.
The compensation approach for PCNs that looks at what PCNs are making before the international assignment and adds incentives and other adjustments to make sure the PCN retains the same level of income as in the parent country is called the balance sheet approach.
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1 a) Provide a brief background of Nike company and industry, then identify a current ethical issue that has an effect on the industry that the company is operating in.
1b) Continue the discussion by connecting how this issue relates to the use and/or abuse of power or how the issue relates to concerns regarding the changing social contract in particular address the business response or criticism of business.
please provide references
2) Discuss how the company could use Carroll's Corporate Social Performance Model or a Social Responsiveness view to deal with the issue from a CSR perspective - defend your choice.
Using either L'Oreal or Revlon:
3. Discuss how stakeholder typology impacts the business chosen, especially as it relates to an issue of diversity and/or inclusion experienced by Black or Indigenous people. Include in your discussion how a principle of stakeholder management can be used to deal with the issue effectively.
4. Keeping the issue from the previous question in mind: analyze which corporate governance model you think the company is using and discuss if it is the right model or if they should be using a different one; support your response with researched examples.
The Nike, founded in 1964, is a global leader in the athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories industry. It operates in a highly competitive market and has a strong brand presence worldwide.
The company designs, manufactures, and markets its products, selling them through various channels, including retail stores and e-commerce platforms. Nike has faced ethical issues throughout its history, but one current issue that has significant industry-wide effects is labor exploitation in its supply chain. Labor exploitation in Nike's supply chain relates to the abuse of power and concerns regarding the changing social contract. The issue arises from poor working conditions, low wages, and violations of labor rights in the factories that produce Nike products.
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Public Sector Accounting is particularly relevant in the context of New Public Management because it is the most important approach for recording and reporting management acts, helping public managers to achieve their objectives regarding internal and external reporting for accountability purposes. REQUIRED Discuss each of these how mandatory information that public sector organizations are required to produce by virtue of laws the established them.
a)Financing information [10 Marks]
b)Planning information [10 Marks]
Public Sector Accounting is particularly relevant in the context of New Public Management because it is the most important approach for recording and reporting management acts.
Helping public managers to achieve their objectives regarding internal and external reporting for accountability purposes. This answer will discuss how mandatory information that public sector organizations are required to produce by virtue of laws established them. Financing Information: Public sector accounting has become more important because it requires accurate and timely financing information to be reported to stakeholders.
Stakeholders are made up of various groups, including taxpayers, financial institutions, government agencies, suppliers, and employees. The information contained in the financial statements includes the income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, and statement of changes in equity.
The statement of cash flows shows the inflows and outflows of cash during the period, and the statement of changes in equity reports changes in shareholders' equity. Planning Information: Public sector organizations must produce planning information by virtue of laws established them.
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A firm with a 13% WACC is evaluating two projects for this year's capital budget. After-tax cash flows, including depreciation, are as foliows: Project Projec a, Calculate NPV for each project. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest cent. Project M: $ Project N: $ Calculate IRR for each project. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Project M: Project N : to Calculate MIRR for each project. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Project M: Project N: \% Calculate payback for each project. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. Project. M: years Project N: years Calculate discounted payback for each project. Do not round intermediate calculations, Round your answers to two decimal piaces. Project M: years Project.N: years: b. Assuming the projects are independent, which one(s) would you recommend?
1. NPV (Net Present Value): Calculate the present value of the project's cash inflows and outflows using the given WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital).
If the NPV is positive, it indicates that the project is expected to generate value and may be considered favorable.
2. IRR (Internal Rate of Return): Determine the discount rate that makes the project's net present value equal to zero. If the IRR exceeds the WACC, it implies that the project's return is higher than the cost of capital and may be considered attractive.
3. MIRR (Modified Internal Rate of Return): Similar to IRR, MIRR considers a reinvestment rate for cash inflows and a finance rate for cash outflows. Calculate the MIRR for each project, and higher values indicate more favorable investment opportunities.
4. Payback Period: Calculate the time required for the project's cumulative cash flows to recover the initial investment. A shorter payback period implies quicker recovery and may be preferred.
5. Discounted Payback Period: Similar to the payback period, calculate the time required for cumulative discounted cash flows to recover the initial investment. It considers the time value of money by discounting the cash flows. A shorter discounted payback period indicates a faster recovery, which is generally preferred.
Once you have calculated these metrics for Project M and Project N using the provided cash flow figures, you can compare the results. Positive NPV, higher IRR and MIRR, shorter payback periods, and discounted payback periods are generally indicative of more favorable investment opportunities.
Based on the comparison of these metrics, you can make a recommendation. Choose the project with the most favorable metrics or consider a combination of projects if they both meet the investment criteria.
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Read the article "Communicating about remuneration" by Mark Bussin and Daniela Christos and then answer the questions that follow. Your answer should reflect that you are familiar with the content of the article and your answer should be written in your own words. The article was published in HR Future in January 2021. You can access the article in the following way: Click on Sabinet. Sign in with your SBS email account and password. Insert the title of article. Download the article. 1.1 Why is it better to use paper-based communication instead of online communication for sharing information about remuneration? 1.2 What may be seen as negative results when organisations revert to paper-based communication? 1.3 Why is multi-way communication more effective than either online or paper-based communication? 1.4 Which strategies can be used to ensure that employees with different skills understand communication about remuneration? 1.5 Explain why private tutoring is more successful than group tutoring. 1.6 In which way can leadership contribute to positive communication experiences?
It is recommended to use paper-based communication rather than online communication for remuneration information sharing because it is much safer. Organizations that switch to paper-based communication might face negative consequences, including delays in communication, and additional costs.
According to the article, cybercrime is a significant issue with online communication. As a result, it is better to use paper-based communication, which is safer, more secure and reduces the chance of fraud. This is particularly essential when dealing with remuneration information, as this can lead to a significant loss.
There are several potential negative outcomes associated with using paper-based communication, including delays in communication, additional costs, and difficulties in tracking employees' acceptance of remuneration agreements. In addition, paper-based communication can result in additional expenses due to printing and distributing costs. It is also more challenging to track who has and has not received the information with paper-based communication, which can lead to difficulties in tracking the acceptance of remuneration agreements.
Multi-way communication is the most effective method for communicating about remuneration. This type of communication offers several advantages over other methods, including improved collaboration, better feedback loops, and a greater sense of inclusivity. It allows all parties to share their thoughts, opinions, and feedback on the information presented, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Using plain language is one strategy for ensuring that all employees can understand communication about remuneration. This means that the language used in remuneration communication should be straightforward and easy to understand. The use of visual aids such as diagrams, tables, and graphs is another strategy for ensuring that employees with different skills understand communication about remuneration.
Private tutoring is more effective than group tutoring because the tutor can focus exclusively on the student's needs and skills. In contrast, group tutoring is more general and less personal. As a result, it is more efficient and effective than group tutoring.
Leadership can contribute to positive communication experiences in several ways. Firstly, by setting an example of transparency, accountability, and respect, leaders can inspire their employees to communicate effectively. Secondly, leaders should encourage open dialogue, which creates an environment where employees can share their thoughts, opinions, and feedback without fear of retribution. Finally, being transparent about remuneration processes can build trust and promote positive communication experiences.
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Question 17 (Mandatory) (0.8 points) Human resource management is concerned with ___ competent employees. A) obtaining B) obtaining, training, motivating, and retaining C) obtaining, training, and motivating D) training and keeping Question 18 (Mandatory) (0.8 points) The most important environmental factor in the HRM process is A) the business environment B) the natural environment C) the legal environment D) the scientific community
Human resource management is concerned with obtaining, training, motivating, and retaining competent employees. Option B is correct. The most important environmental factor in the HRM process is the legal environment. Option C is correct.
Human resource management encompasses a wide range of activities related to managing an organization's workforce. While obtaining competent employees is one aspect of HRM, it is not the sole focus. HRM also involves training employees to enhance their skills and knowledge, motivating them to perform at their best, and implementing strategies to retain talented individuals within the organization. By adopting a comprehensive approach that includes obtaining, training, motivating, and retaining competent employees, HRM aims to optimize the workforce and contribute to organizational success.
The legal environment plays a crucial role in shaping the practices and policies of human resource management. Various laws and regulations govern employment relationships, such as those related to labor rights, non-discrimination, workplace safety, and compensation. HRM professionals must navigate these legal frameworks to ensure compliance and create fair and ethical workplaces. Failure to adhere to legal requirements can result in legal disputes, penalties, and damage to an organization's reputation. Therefore, understanding and effectively managing the legal environment is essential for HRM practitioners to protect the rights of employees, maintain legal compliance, and foster a positive work environment.
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John paid all but $830 of his May credit card bill for the billing period that ended on June 9 . He then made a purchase of $255.00 on June 13, another of $74.00 on June 19 , and a third, of $124.50, on July 6 . He also made a payment of $491 on June 29. What will John's average daily balance be for the May billing period that ends on June 9 ? $ If the APR on the card is 22%, what will John's finance charge be for this billing period?
To calculate John's average daily balance for the May billing period that ended on June 9, we need to determine the balance on each day and then calculate the average.
Here's a breakdown of John's transactions and their respective dates:
May 1 to May 31: No information provided, assuming no transactions.
June 1 to June 9: John paid all but $830 of his May credit card bill. So, the balance is $830 for these nine days.
June 10 to June 12: No information provided, assuming no transactions.
June 13: John made a purchase of $255.00, so the balance becomes $830 + $255.00 = $1,085.00.
June 14 to June 18: No information provided, assuming no transactions.
June 19: John made a purchase of $74.00, so the balance becomes $1,085.00 + $74.00 = $1,159.00.
June 20 to June 28: No information provided, assuming no transactions.
June 29: John made a payment of $491.00, so the balance becomes $1,159.00 - $491.00 = $668.00.
June 30 to July 5: No information provided, assuming no transactions.
July 6: John made a purchase of $124.50, so the balance becomes $668.00 + $124.50 = $792.50.
July 7 to July 9: No information provided, assuming no transactions.
To calculate the average daily balance, we add up the balances for each day and divide by the number of days:
($830 * 9) + ($1,085 * 3) + ($1,159 * 5) + ($668 * 1) + ($792.50 * 1) = $14,040.50
Total number of days = 9 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 19
Average daily balance = $14,040.50 / 19 = $738.44
Now, to calculate the finance charge, we need to multiply the average daily balance by the APR and the number of days in the billing period:
Finance charge = ($738.44 * 0.22) * (30 / 365) = $13.54
Therefore, John's finance charge for this billing period will be approximately $13.54.
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John's average daily balance for the May billing period that ends on June 9 is $952.08. John's finance charge for this billing period is $17.66.
Explanation:To calculate John's average daily balance for the May billing period that ends on June 9, we need to add up the balances for each day and divide by the number of days in the billing period. First, calculate the balance for each day:
May 1-9: $830June 10-12: $830June 13-18: $830 + $255 = $1,085June 19-28: $1,085 + $74 = $1,159June 29-30: $1,159 - $491 = $668Now, calculate the average daily balance:
Average daily balance = (9 * $830 + 3 * $1,085 + 10 * $1,159 + 2 * $668) / 24 = $952.08
Therefore, John's average daily balance for the May billing period is $952.08.
To calculate John's finance charge for this billing period, we first need to calculate the average daily balance of the billing period. We have already calculated it to be $952.08. Now we can use this formula to calculate the finance charge:
Finance charge = Average daily balance * APR * (billing period in days / 365)
Using the given APR of 22% and assuming a 31-day billing period, we can calculate the finance charge:
Finance charge = $952.08 * 0.22 * (31 / 365) = $17.66
Therefore, John's finance charge for this billing period is $17.66.
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Lisa Lasher buys 370 shares of stock on margin at $28 per
share. If the margin requirement is 50 percent, how much must the
stock rise for her to realize a 35-percent return on her invested
funts? (Ig
The stock must rise approximately $37.76 per share for lisa lasher to realize a 35% return on her invested funds.to determine the amount the stock must rise for lisa lasher to realize a 35% return on her invested funds, we need to calculate her initial investment and the target selling price.
given:
number of shares bought on margin: 370 shares
purchase price per share: $28
margin requirement: 50%
first, let's calculate lisa's initial investment:
initial investment = number of shares * purchase price per share = 370 shares * $28 = $10,360
since the margin requirement is 50%, lisa initially paid 50% of the purchase price and borrowed the remaining 50% from her broker. this means her initial equity investment is also 50% of the purchase price.
equity investment = margin requirement * initial investment = 50% * $10,360 = $5,180
to determine the target selling price, we need to calculate the desired return on her invested funds:
desired return = initial investment * return percentage = $10,360 * 35% = $3,626
the target selling price is the sum of the initial investment and the desired return:
target selling price = initial investment + desired return = $10,360 + $3,626 = $13,986
to calculate how much the stock must rise, we subtract the initial purchase price per share from the target selling price and divide it by the number of shares:
required stock rise = (target selling price - purchase price per share) / number of shares
= ($13,986 - $28) / 370 shares
= $13,958 / 370 shares
≈ $37.76 per share to determine the required stock rise, we first calculate lisa's initial investment by multiplying the number of shares by the purchase price per share.
since the margin requirement is 50%, lisa's initial equity investment is also 50% of the purchase price.
next, we calculate the desired return on her invested funds by multiplying the initial investment by the return percentage.
the target selling price is obtained by adding the initial investment and the desired return.
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The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution states
that judgments taken against a party by a court of competent
jurisdiction in one state will be enforced by all other states.
The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that judgments taken against a party by a court of competent jurisdiction in one state will be enforced by all other states.What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?The Full Faith and Credit Clause is a provision in the U.S.
The Full Faith and Credit Clause requires that any judgment taken against a party by a court of competent jurisdiction in one state must be recognized and enforced by all other states. For example, if a court in California issues a judgment against a party, that judgment must be recognized and enforced by all other states. This means that if the party moves to a different state, their assets can be seized and their wages garnished to satisfy the judgment.
The Full Faith and Credit Clause also requires states to recognize public records and acts of other states. This includes birth and death certificates, marriage licenses, and other legal documents.
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You have finally earned your degree and you want to begin to monetize the investment you have made in
yourself and your education. Your uncle, who has been in business for years and seems to have excess
amounts of cash, has offered to fully finance your dream upstart business.
Six months into the venture you are as happy as you have ever been – things are going great. You see a bright
future and you are loving life.
One evening at your workspace, your uncle asks you to sign some very complicated-looking financial /
documents that use YOUR business letterhead, mentions YOUR company, and seems to overstate the value of
YOUR company by at least double. You are not familiar with the financial deal, unaware of who the players
are, and nothing seems quite accurate – or clear.
Your uncle, whom you adore, tells you not to worry and that you don’t need to waste your time reading the
fine print, "Everything’s fine, I’m the businessman. Are you saying that don’t you don’t trust me?"
You have a "gut feeling" and nothing more, that your uncle might be engaged in "white collar" criminal
financial activity – and signing these papers could land you both in serious legal trouble and harm your plans
for the future.
2
On the other hand . . .
You are not at all certain of what the papers mean, and your uncle is a very successful businessperson. You
truly believe with all your heart that he would not do anything to hurt you. If you refuse to sign the
documents, you may anger and offend your uncle – and lose his support. And there is no actual proof that
anything unethical or illegal is happening.
Choose a response using either of the two ethical theories described in the TED Talk (Smith Pg. 157 of your
textbook or Kant Pg. 145 of your textbook) and explain your choice of the two options below in a short
paragraph. State at the top of your submission as the title to your post, which of the two options you
chose. Your post must be 150 – 200 words – show your word count.
You must choose a course of action and your options are limited to the following:
Choice 1:
Don’t ask don’t tell - go along with what your uncle is asking of you, since you are not certain that there is
anything illegal occurring, you are not obligated to intervene.
-OR-
Choice 2:
Follow your gut, speak up, and make absolutely sure what you are doing is truthful and ethical – regardless of
the severe harm that intervening may cause to your dream business.
Choice 2: Follow your gut, speak up, and make absolutely sure what you are doing is truthful and ethical – regardless of the severe harm that intervening may cause to your dream business.
In this situation, I would choose to follow my gut and speak up about my concerns regarding the financial documents. As a moral agent, it is my duty to act in accordance with the principles of honesty, fairness, and integrity. Even though there is no concrete evidence of illegal activity, my intuition tells me that something may be amiss. Moreover, signing off on these documents could potentially land me and my uncle in legal trouble, which could harm not only our personal lives but also the future of my dream business.
As per Kant's ethical theory, we must act according to the moral law irrespective of the consequences that may follow. In this case, if I were to blindly follow my uncle's instructions without verifying the legitimacy of the documents, I would be violating the moral law by engaging in dishonest and unethical practices. Therefore, it is imperative that I take a firm stand and demand transparency and clarity before signing any document.
In conclusion, while it may be difficult to confront my uncle, I believe that it is necessary to prioritize honesty and integrity over potential short-term gains. By speaking up, I can ensure that my dream business operates within an ethical framework, which will ultimately lead to long-term success and stability.
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McDonald's does not retain a general right of control over day-to-day aspects of work at the franchises." -Susan Graber, Circuit Judge Facts The Haynes Family Limited Partnership (Haynes) operated eight McDonald's franchises in California. The franchise agreements required Haynes to pay fees to McDonald's and to maintain quality-control standards set by McDonald's. Plaintiffs Guadalupe Salazar, Genoveva Lopez, and Judith Zarate worked at a Haynes-operated McDonald's franchise. They sued Haynes and McDonald's on behalf of a class of approximately 1,400 employees of Haynes-operated McDonald's franchises. They allege that Haynes and McDonald's denied them overtime pay, meal and rest breaks, and other benefits in violation of wage and hour statutes. The plaintiffs alleged that Haynes and McDonald's were joint employers. Haynes reached a settlement with the plaintiffs. The U.S. district court entered summary judgment in favor of McDonald's, finding that McDonald's was not a joint employer with Haynes. The plaintiffs appealed. Issue Language of the Court Haynes selects, interviews, and hires employees for its franchises. It trains new employees and sets their wages, which are paid from Haynes' bank account. Haynes sets employees' schedules and monitors their time entries. Haynes also supervises, disciplines, and fires employees. There is no evidence that McDonald's performs any of those functions. The district court properly ruled that McDonald's is not an employer under the control definition, which requires control over the wages, hours, or working conditions. McDonald's does not retain a general right of control over day-today aspects of work at the franchises. Decision The U.S. court of appeals held that McDonald's was not a joint employer with its franchisee and was therefore not liable for the franchisee's violations of wage and hour statutes.
In the case described, the U.S. Court of Appeals determined that McDonald's was not a joint employer with its franchisee, Haynes, and therefore was not liable for the violations of wage and hour statutes committed by Haynes.
The court based its decision on the fact that McDonald's did not exercise control over the day-to-day aspects of work at the franchises.
According to the court's analysis, Haynes was responsible for selecting, hiring, training, setting wages, scheduling, and supervising employees. McDonald's did not participate in these functions. While McDonald's required Haynes to maintain quality-control standards and pay fees, this did not constitute a general right of control over the employees' wages, hours, or working conditions.
The court emphasized that for joint employer status to apply, there must be a level of control over the employees' day-to-day work. Since McDonald's did not have this control, it was not deemed a joint employer and was not held liable for the wage and hour violations.
This case highlights the legal distinction between franchisors and franchisees, where franchisors like McDonald's are not automatically considered joint employers of the franchisees' employees unless they exercise control over the essential employment terms.
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Suppose that you find a positive correlation between the hourly wage and productivity. What type of relationship between the wage and productivity does this positive correlation suggest? an inverse relation no relation a direct relation
When a positive correlation is found between the hourly wage and productivity, it suggests that a direct relation exists between the wage and productivity.
A positive correlation signifies that both variables are moving in the same direction. In other words, as the hourly wage increases, so does productivity. In contrast, an inverse correlation exists when two variables move in opposite directions. As one variable increases, the other decreases.
Finally, if there is no correlation between two variables, changes in one variable will have no impact on the other variable.For example, if a worker is paid more hourly, he or she may be more motivated to work, more committed to the organization, and more satisfied with his or her job. As a result, the employee's productivity increases as a result of being paid more.
A positive correlation between hourly wage and productivity will indicate that a relationship exists between the two variables.
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Power Point Presentation: 20% (group 9 minutes- 3 minutes individual presentation) 1. You lecturer will allocate time in week 06 or 07 for discussing a particular management decision issue with other two students. You can make an arrangement by yourself as well. 2. Analyse the managerial practices of an organisation discussed in the class. For example, company X's limitation on the use of plastic to protect the environment. This example of managerial practice will be covered in the Week 6 workshop (Managing Social Responsibility and Ethics). 3. Consult with the lecturer about your choice of topic and then do a meeting with other two students of your class. The other students (need to mention their full name and CIHE Student ID in the presentation) will act as an assistant manager and a general employee of the organisation, respectively. 4. Prepare a short presentation of the findings of your analysis. Within three minutes of the presentation, the meeting agenda, views, and decisions of management practises must be presented. 5. Pose questions, discuss options or solutions to the issues arising (there is not just 'one answer') and present a clear argument for the recommended solutions to the questions you post. Include evidence of the research you do to more fully understand the topic and acknowledge all source of information.
Title: Managerial Practices for Environmental Sustainability: Case Study of Company X
Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic of managerial practices for environmental sustainability.
Explain the purpose of the presentation, which is to analyze the specific managerial practice of Company X regarding the limitation on the use of plastic to protect the environment.
Slide 1: Overview of Company X
Provide a brief overview of Company X, including its industry, size, and mission.
Mention the specific environmental issue they address, such as reducing plastic waste.
Slide 2: Importance of Environmental Sustainability
Highlight the significance of environmental sustainability in today's business landscape.
Explain the potential benefits for organizations, such as enhanced reputation, cost savings, and long-term viability.
Slide 3: Managerial Practice - Limitation on Plastic Use
Describe the specific managerial practice of Company X: the limitation on the use of plastic.
Explain the rationale behind this practice, emphasizing the environmental impact of plastic waste.
Slide 4: Role of the Assistant Manager (Student Name and CIHE Student ID)
Introduce the role of the assistant manager in the presentation.
Discuss their responsibilities, including providing insights into the implementation and effectiveness of the plastic limitation policy.
Slide 5: Role of the General Employee (Student Name and CIHE Student ID)
Introduce the role of the general employee in the presentation.
Discuss their responsibilities, including sharing experiences and perspectives on the impact of the plastic limitation policy at the operational level.
Slide 6: Analysis of Managerial Practice
Present the findings of the analysis of Company X's managerial practice.
Discuss the positive outcomes and challenges associated with the plastic limitation policy.
Slide 7: Questions and Discussion
Pose thought-provoking questions related to the managerial practice and its implications.
Engage the audience in a discussion about different options or solutions to the issues arising from the plastic limitation policy.
Slide 8: Recommended Solutions
Present a clear argument for the recommended solutions to the questions posed.
Support the recommendations with evidence from research and relevant sources of information.
Slide 9: Conclusion
Summarize the key points discussed in the presentation.
Reiterate the importance of managerial practices for environmental sustainability.
Conclude with a call to action, encouraging other organizations to adopt similar practices.
Slide 10: References
Acknowledge all sources of information used in the presentation.
Provide a list of references for further reading and research.
Note: This is a sample outline for the PowerPoint presentation, and the content should be developed based on the specific managerial practice of Company X and the insights provided by the assistant manager and general employee. Additionally, the time allocation and group arrangements should be made according to the instructions given by the lecturer.
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In many consumer purchase situations an APR is quoted in order to let the customer know the interest rate that they will pay. The APR however can be significantly different from the EAR. If you were purchasing an expensive furniture set on store credit, would you prefer to know the APR or the EAR? Why?
When purchasing expensive furniture set on store credit, it is preferable to know the EAR (Effective Annual Rate) rather than just the APR (Annual Percentage Rate).
The APR represents the nominal interest rate charged on the store credit, but it does not account for the compounding of interest over the loan term. On the other hand, the EAR takes into consideration the compounding frequency and provides a more accurate measure of the total cost of borrowing. Knowing the EAR is important because it allows the consumer to understand the true cost of financing and make informed decisions. By considering the compounding effect, the EAR reflects the actual amount the consumer will pay over the loan period, including any additional fees or charges.
For expensive purchases like furniture sets, which may involve long-term financing, the difference between the APR and the EAR can be significant. Being aware of the EAR helps the consumer evaluate the affordability of the purchase, compare different financing options, and plan their budget accordingly.
In summary, the EAR provides a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the total cost of borrowing, making it crucial for consumers to make informed financial decisions and avoid any unexpected financial burdens.
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Taking into account the example of buying "iPads" for personal use versus buying more than "100 iPads" for a firm, how you can differentiate between the consumer buying process discussed in Chapter-6 and the B2B buying process discussed in Chapter-7?
Chapter-6 and 7 (2.5 Marks) (Minimum 150 words)
The consumer buying process focuses on individual needs and preferences, while the B2B buying process is driven by organizational needs and involves more complex decision-making processes and multiple stakeholders
The consumer buying process and the business-to-business (B2B) buying process differ in several key aspects, as discussed in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 of the course material.
In the consumer buying process, individuals purchase products or services for personal use. The process typically involves five stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. For example, when buying an iPad for personal use, a consumer may become aware of the need for a tablet, conduct research on different brands and models, compare features and prices, make a purchase decision based on personal preferences, and evaluate their satisfaction with the product after using it.
On the other hand, the B2B buying process involves organizations purchasing goods or services for business purposes. The process is typically more complex and involves multiple individuals or departments within the organization. The stages of the B2B buying process include problem recognition, development of product specifications, supplier search and proposal solicitation, proposal analysis and supplier selection, order placement, and post-purchase evaluation. In the case of buying more than 100 iPads for a firm, the B2B buying process would involve identifying the business need for the iPads, determining specific requirements (such as quantity and technical specifications), sourcing potential suppliers, evaluating proposals, selecting a supplier based on factors like price and quality, placing an order, and evaluating the performance of the supplier and the iPads after purchase.
Overall, the consumer buying process focuses on individual needs and preferences, while the B2B buying process is driven by organizational needs and involves more complex decision-making processes and multiple stakeholders.
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