Question 1: Which trend do you think will occur in Nepalese IRS scenario and In Nepalese IRS scenario, the trend towards increased governmental intervention will continue.
Nepal's government regulations are already quite rigorous and elaborate, and there are laws that prohibit discrimination and restrict the freedom of employers to make HR decisions in other areas as well. Experts base their arguments on the current trends in developed countries in this area in the form of employer-sponsored health insurance schemes, greater job security, improved treatment, etc. Furthermore, the government of Nepal appears to be more positive toward employees than employers. As a result, it is believed that the trend toward increased government intervention will continue in Nepal's IRS scenario.Question 2:If government regulations continue to rise, IR/HR departments will be significantly impacted. HR professionals must be updated with the latest policies and regulations. They must have the necessary expertise to deal with regulatory authorities and assist with the interpretation of new rules, which can be complex. They must continuously evaluate their policies and procedures, as well as train their employees to ensure that they remain compliant with all applicable regulations. In addition, HR professionals must work with other departments within the organization to ensure that the company remains compliant.Question 3: Increased government regulations may benefit both employers and employees. Employers must comply with a variety of regulations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. However, these regulations aim to ensure a safe and healthy work environment for employees, which can result in higher employee morale, reduced employee turnover, and improved employee productivity. Employers will be required to pay higher wages, which will reduce the burden on employees, ensuring a better quality of life. Employees will be provided with various benefits, which can be advantageous to them. For example, health insurance schemes and job security will be introduced, resulting in better working conditions and a sense of security. As a result, both employers and employees will benefit from increased government regulation .Question 4: Justify your answer.Nepal's government regulations are designed to ensure that employers treat employees in a fair and equitable manner. The government of Nepal appears to be more positive toward employees than employers, as it has implemented a variety of laws to protect the interests of employees. The Trade Union Act 2074 permits workers to join unions, the Minimum Wages Regulations, guarantees a minimum wage, the Industrial Enterprise Act ensures a safe and healthy environment, the Labour Act 2074 offers compensation to injured workers, the Payment of Wages Clause; checks fraudulent practices in the payment of wages to workers, and there are laws that prohibit discrimination and restrict the freedom of employers to make HR decisions in other areas as well. The government of Nepal recognizes the significance of employees and aims to provide them with a safe and healthy work environment. As a result, Nepal's government regulations are more favourable toward employees than employers.
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How did the Gardenia Company management of the organisation deal with the issue ?
Gardenia Company, Management had to deal with various issues in order to ensure that their organization was working efficiently.
One of the issues that the company had to deal with was financial challenges. Gardenia Company, Management was dealing with high costs, reduced sales, and increased competition. To deal with this issue, Gardenia Company, Management decided to diversify their product lines, investing in a new line of snacks and beverages, and reducing their costs of production.
By diversifying their product lines, Gardenia Company, Management was able to attract new customers and increase sales. Additionally, by reducing production costs, the company was able to increase their profit margins and remain competitive in the market. Another issue that the company had to deal with was low employee morale. To deal with this issue, Gardenia Company, Management invested in training programs and other employee engagement activities.
These activities helped to increase employee satisfaction and motivation, which in turn improved the productivity of the company. Overall, Gardenia Company, Management was able to effectively deal with the issues that were affecting the organization through strategic planning and effective management practices.
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A corporation elected 5 corporation status. All shareholders gave their written consent, except for a missing shareholder who owns 1% of the outstanding stock. Which of the following statements about this situation is correct? The election is valid if the board of directors gives its written consent. The election is invalid because all shareholders must give their written consent. The election requires two-thirds of the shareholders' written consent to be valid The election requires 51% of the shareholders to give their written consent to be valid.
In this case, the statement that is correct regarding the given situation is: "The election is valid if the board of directors gives its written consent."
In terms of the corporate status, the given corporation has a total of 5 statuses. When it comes to the shareholder consent, all of the shareholders have provided their written consent except for the shareholder who owns 1% of the outstanding stock.
The situation mentions that the written consent of all shareholders is required for the election to be valid or invalid.
The requirement of written consent:
In general, the requirement of written consent may vary with the corporation's articles of incorporation. Some states may require a certain percentage of written consent, which may range from two-thirds of the shareholders to a simple majority of 51% of the shareholders.
This may depend on the applicable state law. However, as per the given information, it can be said that the requirement of written consent varies from corporation to corporation.
In the given case, if the board of directors provides its written consent, the election is considered valid. Therefore, the correct statement is: "The election is valid if the board of directors gives its written consent."
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What can the Fed do to address an asset bubble? In other words,
what are the tools that the Fed can use and can how can the Fed use
these tools to address an asset bubble?
To address an asset bubble, the Federal Reserve can use tools such as adjusting interest rates, conducting open market operations, implementing regulatory measures, applying counter-cyclical capital buffers, providing forward guidance, and engaging in clear communication.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) has several tools at its disposal to address an asset bubble and maintain financial stability. Here are some of the key tools and how the Fed can use them:
1. Monetary Policy Tools:
- Interest Rate Adjustments: The Fed can raise interest rates to make borrowing more expensive, which can help cool down excessive asset price growth. Higher interest rates can discourage speculative behavior and reduce demand for assets.
- Open Market Operations: The Fed can buy or sell government securities in the open market to influence the money supply and interest rates. Selling securities can reduce liquidity and increase borrowing costs, which can help address an asset bubble.
2. Macroprudential Tools:
- Regulatory Measures: The Fed can implement and enforce regulations aimed at reducing excessive risk-taking and leverage in the financial system. Stricter lending standards and capital requirements can help prevent the buildup of asset bubbles.
- Counter-cyclical Capital Buffers: The Fed can require financial institutions to hold higher capital reserves during periods of rapid asset price growth. This can act as a cushion against potential losses during a market downturn and discourage excessive lending.
3. Communication and Guidance:
- Forward Guidance: The Fed can communicate its intentions and outlook regarding monetary policy, providing guidance to market participants. Clear and transparent communication can help manage market expectations and influence investor behavior.
- Policy Statements and Press Conferences: Through official statements and press conferences, the Fed can express concerns about asset bubbles and provide guidance on its approach to address them. This can influence market sentiment and investor behavior.
It's important to note that addressing an asset bubble is a delicate task for the Fed. Using these tools requires careful consideration of economic conditions, potential risks, and unintended consequences. The Fed aims to strike a balance between fostering financial stability and supporting economic growth.
By employing these tools, the Fed seeks to mitigate the risk of asset bubbles and maintain financial stability in the economy. However, the specific tools and their effectiveness can vary depending on the circumstances and the nature of the asset bubble.
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Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about the foundational assumption used in CVP analysis.
A) The time value of money is ignored.
B) Relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and constant.
C) Behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line.
D) Only selling price and variable cost per unit are known and constant.
B) Relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and constant.The statement that relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and constant is incorrect regarding the foundational assumption used in CVP (Cost-Volume-Profit) analysis. In CVP analysis, it is assumed that the sales mix, or the proportion of different products or services sold, remains constant. However, it is not assumed that these relative sales proportions are known and constant.
In reality, the sales mix can vary over time due to changes in customer preferences, market conditions, or other factors.
CVP analysis focuses on understanding the relationship between sales volume, costs, and profits. It assumes that only selling price and variable cost per unit are known and constant, as stated in option D.
It also assumes that the behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line, as stated in option C.
Additionally, option A states that the time value of money is ignored in CVP analysis, which is a valid assumption in many cases.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is B) Relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and constant.
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The below information was taken from the unadjusted trial balance and aging schedule of ABC Company on December 31, 2021 (fiscal year-end).
Accounts and related balances on December 31, 2021 (before adjustment):
Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable $47,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 420
Sales (all on credit) 400,000
Sales returns 2,000
Aging Schedule of Accounts Receivable:
Age Amount % Uncollectible
0-30 days $15,000 2%
30-60 days 18,000 7%
Over 60 days 14,000 13%
Assume ABC Company uses the aging schedule of accounts receivable to determine uncollectible accounts receivable.
Instructions:
Determine the following:
a) Bad Debt Expense for the year ending December 31, 2021. (2 marks)
b) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance (after adjustment) on December 31, 2021.
(2 marks)
c) Carrying Amount (Net Realizable Value) of Accounts Receivable on the December 31, 2021
balance sheet. (1 mark)
QUESTION #2
The following selected information relates to DEF Company for the fiscal years ending on December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021:
December 31
2021 2020
1. Sales (all on credit) $75,300 $61,500
2. Accounts Receivable 9,400 9,200
3. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 1,300 1,000
4. Collection of Previously Written-Off
Accounts Receivable 55 70
Note: 1. On December 31, 2021, DEF Company estimates that 2% of its credit sales for 2021 will become
uncollectible.
2. The above balances in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts are after adjustment at year-end.
Instructions:
a) Calculate the actual amount of Accounts Receivable that were written-off as uncollectible during
2021.
b) Prepare all the necessary journal entries related to Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts for 2021. Use the date of December 31, 2021 for recording purposes.
Bad Debt Expense for the year ending December 31, 2021:To determine the bad debt expense for the year ending December 31, 2021, we will have to calculate the uncollectible amount of accounts receivable for each age group.
We can use the given aging schedule of accounts receivable to calculate the uncollectible amount of accounts receivable as follows:Age Amount % Uncollectible Uncollectible amount0-30 days $15,000 2% $30030-60 days $18,000 7% $1,260Over 60 days $14,000 13% $1,820The total uncollectible amount of accounts receivable will be:Total uncollectible amount of accounts receivable = $300 + $1,260 + $1,820 = $3,380Therefore, the bad debt expense for the year ending December 31, 2021, will be equal to $3,380.b) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance (after adjustment) on December 31, 2021:To calculate the ending balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts, we will add the uncollectible amount of accounts receivable calculated in part (a) to the balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts.Accounts Receivable $47,000Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 420 + $3,380 = $3,800.
Therefore, the ending balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts on December 31, 2021, will be $3,800.c) Carrying Amount (Net Realizable Value) of Accounts Receivable on the December 31, 2021 balance sheet:The net realizable value of accounts receivable on the December 31, 2021 balance sheet will be equal to the difference between the total accounts receivable and the ending balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Therefore, the net realizable value of accounts receivable on the December 31, 2021 balance sheet will be calculated as follows:Net realizable value of accounts receivable = Accounts Receivable - Allowance for Doubtful AccountsNet realizable value of accounts receivable = $47,000 - $3,800Net realizable value of accounts receivable = $43,200Therefore, the net realizable value of accounts receivable on the December 31, 2021 balance sheet will be $43,200.
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Rational decision making is a multi-step process for making choices between alternatives. The process of rational decision-making follows logic, objectivity, and analysis over subjectivity and insight. Demonstrate your decision-making process by using an example from your personal situation. You need to follow six steps of Rational decision-making model and use at least three (3) criteria and three (3) alternatives in the example.
Rational decision-making process was guided by the six steps of the rational decision-making model. By using criteria to evaluate alternatives and taking a logical approach, I was able to make a well-informed choice that was based on objective analysis rather than subjective factors.
Rational decision-making is a structured approach to making choices between alternatives. A rational decision-making process prioritizes logic, objectivity, and analysis over subjectivity and insight. This type of decision-making follows a set of six steps that guide individuals and businesses through a process of identifying, analyzing, and choosing between different options.
I was once tasked with deciding on which university to attend. I followed a rational decision-making process to make my final choice. The following is an overview of the six steps of the rational decision-making model and how I applied them in my situation.
1. Identifying the Problem
The problem was which university to attend.
2. Defining the Criteria
The criteria I used to evaluate universities included tuition fees, distance from home, academic programs, and extracurricular activities.
3. Gathering Information
I gathered information on universities by conducting online research, visiting university websites, and attending open days.
4. Evaluating Alternatives
I identified three potential universities based on my criteria. These were University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, and McGill University.
5. Choosing among Alternatives
After evaluating the alternatives, I chose the University of British Columbia. This decision was based on its affordability, its proximity to my home, its range of academic programs, and its vibrant extracurricular activities.
6. Taking Action
Once I made my choice, I applied to the University of British Columbia and received an acceptance letter.
In conclusion, my decision-making process was guided by the six steps of the rational decision-making model. By using criteria to evaluate alternatives and taking a logical approach, I was able to make a well-informed choice that was based on objective analysis rather than subjective factors.
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Comprehensive medical plans are characterized by
A. a limited range of coverage
B. a number of deductibles
C. low maximum benefits
D. coninsurance clause
Comprehensive medical plans are characterized by their expansive coverage and comprehensive benefits. Therefore, options A, B, and C are not correct as they suggest limitations or restrictions.
The correct answer is D) coinsurance clause. A coinsurance clause is a key feature of comprehensive medical plans. It refers to the cost-sharing arrangement between the insurance provider and the insured individual. Under this clause, the insured individual is responsible for a percentage of the medical expenses, while the insurance company covers the remaining portion.
Comprehensive medical plans typically offer a broad range of coverage, including hospitalization, doctor visits, prescription medications, preventive care, and specialized treatments. They provide financial protection against a wide array of medical expenses, ensuring that individuals have access to necessary healthcare services without facing significant out-of-pocket costs.
Compared to limited or basic plans, comprehensive medical plans often have higher premium costs but offer greater coverage and higher maximum benefits. They aim to provide comprehensive protection and peace of mind to individuals and families by covering a wide range of medical needs.
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Marketing
In the case of Consumer Behavior what knowledge, resources and the information have been gained by applying the five-step market research approach to your new product. Detail what characteristics came to light by using the five-step market research approach. What about who your target market consumer is and why they would buy your product?
Explain how you came to this conclusion.
do you think having an anthropologist on your marketing team would better increase the success of your new product? What if you were an established company would your answer change?
Why or why not?
The five-step marketing research approach is a method of analyzing and understanding consumer behavior, determining target markets and developing effective marketing campaigns for a product. The characteristics that came to light by using this approach include consumer needs, preferences, buying habits, and perceptions of the product. The target market consumers are those individuals who are most likely to consume the product based on their demographic, geographic, and psychographic profile.
The market research approach can help in identifying the customer's needs, demands and behaviours that can be helpful in understanding the target market. This approach assists in identifying the target market and provides an insight into the buyer's decision-making process. After the identification of the target market, it is important to understand what would make them buy the product. The characteristics that came to light by using this approach include consumer needs, preferences, buying habits, and perceptions of the product. Having an anthropologist on the marketing team would better increase the success of the new product because they can help in understanding the social and cultural aspects of the target market. If the company is established, then having an anthropologist on the marketing team can add value to the company and provide a competitive advantage.
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Reflective Assignment 1 focuses you to think about concepts of identity and ideology as they relate to your values and worldviews. This assignment is completed and marked individually. You must complete Reflective Assignment 1 in order to participate in the group project. Reflective Assignment 2, the first component of the group project requires that you use material from Reflective Assignment 1 and work collaboratively with your assigned group members to identify a compelling topic to study for the final course project. Read the assignment instructions for Reflective Assignment 1 below. Instructions for Reflective Assignment 1 - Individual (15%) : Write a reflection on your identity. Write one paragraph for each of the following questions: 1. How has your sense of who you are been shaped by your environment (social institutions) and various ideological beliefs? Remember, ideological beliefs can include both the ways that you see and understand the world and the dominant narratives about the world that still influence you whether you agree or not. Refer to the ideology chart to be specific about the ideologies that influence you. Finally, consider the next set of questions in your answer: 2. How is your identity connected to characteristics of global citizenship as defined in the text? Identify a social issue that personally concerns you. State why this particular issue is important to you. Why do you see this as a social and not an individual issue? Your answers to these questions need to draw on concepts and ideas from Weeks 1-4 lesson modules and corresponding chapters in the OER textbook. Your submission should not exceed 500 words or one page.
Reflective Assignment 1 requires students to write a reflection on their identity and its connection to their environment and ideological beliefs.
Students are asked to consider how their sense of self has been shaped by social institutions and dominant narratives, and how their identity relates to characteristics of global citizenship. They are also required to identify a social issue that personally concerns them and explain why it is important and why it should be viewed as a social issue. The response should be concise and draw on concepts and ideas from the course material.
Reflective Assignment 1 is an individual task that prompts students to reflect on their identity and its relationship with their environment and ideological beliefs. They are expected to write a paragraph for each of the following questions:
1. How has your sense of who you are been shaped by your environment (social institutions) and various ideological beliefs?
Students are encouraged to explore how their identity has been influenced by the social institutions they are a part of, as well as the ideologies that shape their understanding of the world. They are asked to consider dominant narratives and reflect on the ways in which these narratives have influenced them, regardless of whether they agree with them or not.
2. How is your identity connected to characteristics of global citizenship as defined in the text?
Students need to identify how their identity aligns with the characteristics of global citizenship discussed in the course material. They should draw connections between their personal identity and concepts such as cultural diversity, social justice, human rights, and environmental sustainability.
Furthermore, students are required to identify a social issue that holds personal importance to them and explain why it is significant. They must articulate why this issue should be viewed as a social problem rather than an individual concern.
The response should be concise, not exceeding 500 words or one page, and should draw on concepts and ideas from the course modules and corresponding chapters in the OER textbook.
By completing Reflective Assignment 1, students lay the foundation for the subsequent group project, where they will collaborate with their assigned group members to identify a compelling topic for the final course project. The individual reflection allows students to explore their own identities, consider the influence of their environment and ideologies, and connect their personal concerns to broader issues of global citizenship.
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In the IS-LM model, which of the following causes income to rise and the interest rate to decline? A) an increase in taxes B) a decrease in taxes C) an increase in the money supply D) a decrease in the money supply In the IS-LM model, which of the following causes both the interest rate and income to rise? A) an increase in taxes B) a decrease in taxes C) an increase in the money supply D) a decrease in the money supply
In the IS-LM model, the correct answer for the first question is C) an increase in the money supply.
When there is an increase in the money supply, it leads to a decrease in the interest rate and an increase in income. This is because an increase in the money supply shifts the LM (Liquidity Preference-Money Supply) curve to the right. As a result, the lower interest rate encourages higher investment and consumption spending, leading to an increase in aggregate demand and income in the economy.
For the second question, the correct answer is C) an increase in the money supply.
An increase in the money supply not only causes the interest rate to decline but also leads to a rise in income. As mentioned earlier, an increase in the money supply shifts the LM curve to the right, lowering the interest rate and stimulating investment and consumption. The increase in spending boosts aggregate demand, resulting in higher output and income in the economy.
Therefore, in the IS-LM model, an increase in the money supply is the common factor that causes income to rise and the interest rate to decline.
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Explain four (4) emerging issues in the auditing profession and the work of an auditor in general.
The auditing profession is continually evolving, and auditors face several emerging issues that impact their work.
Here are four key emerging issues in the auditing profession:
1. Technological Advancements: Rapid technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics, are reshaping the auditing landscape. Auditors now have access to vast amounts of data, requiring them to develop new skills and techniques to effectively analyze and interpret data. The use of advanced technologies also raises concerns regarding data security, privacy, and the ethical use of technology in auditing.
2. Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: With the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyber threats, auditors must consider the risks associated with cybersecurity and data privacy. They need to assess the effectiveness of an organization's internal controls related to data security, identify vulnerabilities, and evaluate the adequacy of measures to protect sensitive information. Auditors may also need to address compliance with evolving regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or other data privacy laws.
3. Sustainability and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Reporting: There is a growing demand for organizations to disclose their environmental and social impacts, as well as their governance practices. Auditors are increasingly being called upon to provide assurance on sustainability and ESG reporting. This requires auditors to understand and assess non-financial information, such as greenhouse gas emissions, social impact initiatives, and diversity policies, to provide stakeholders with reliable and credible information.
4. Audit Quality and Ethics: Maintaining high audit quality and upholding ethical standards are ongoing challenges for the auditing profession. Regulators and stakeholders expect auditors to demonstrate independence, objectivity, and professional skepticism. The profession is continuously exploring ways to enhance audit quality through robust methodologies, increased transparency, and adherence to professional standards. Additionally, the detection and prevention of financial statement fraud and misconduct remain critical areas of focus for auditors.
Overall, auditors must adapt to these emerging issues and stay abreast of the latest developments, technologies, and regulations to effectively fulfill their responsibilities and maintain public trust in the auditing profession.
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Consider the perfectly competitive firm described by the short run cost curves in the figure below 20L MC 18. ATC AVC 16 14 12 10 4 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Quantity (mugs per day) Price and cost (dollars per mug) 8 6 If the price of the firm's output is $14, is the firm making economic profit, loss or normal profit, and should they stay in business in the short run or shutdown? O economic loss, shut down in the short run O economic profit, stay in business in the short run economic loss, stay in business in the short run normal profit, stay in business in the short run
A perfectly competitive firm is a type of market structure in which a large number of companies sell identical goods to a large number of consumers, and no single company is large enough to have a significant impact on the price of the product.
The correct option is "economic loss, stay in business in the short run."The profit-maximizing rule is to produce output until marginal cost (MC) equals the price. This can be seen in the diagram, where the MC intersects the price at 14 dollars per mug, resulting in a quantity of roughly 20 mugs per day. The price of $14 is lower than the minimum average total cost (ATC) of production, which is $16. As a result, the firm incurs an economic loss of $2 per mug. Although the firm is operating at a loss, it is preferable to remain in business in the short term since the revenue generated by producing output is higher than the cost of shutting down the factory. Therefore, the firm should stay in business in the short run to reduce the overall losses.
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The firm is making economic profit in the short run and should stay in business.
Explanation:In the given scenario, the firm's output price is $14. To determine if the firm is making economic profit, loss, or normal profit in the short run, we need to compare the price with the firm's average total cost (ATC). If the price is higher than the ATC, the firm is making economic profit. If the price equals the ATC, the firm is making normal profit. If the price is lower than the ATC, the firm is making economic loss. In this case, the ATC at the quantity of 20 is $12, which is lower than the price of $14, so the firm is making economic profit.
To decide whether the firm should stay in business or shut down in the short run, we need to compare the price with the firm's average variable cost (AVC). If the price is higher than the AVC, the firm should stay in business. If the price is lower than the AVC, the firm should shut down. In this case, the AVC at the quantity of 20 is $4, which is lower than the price of $14, so the firm should stay in business.
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