Interrupted conjugation, also known as interrupted mating, is used to map three genes in E. coli. This technique is used to determine the order of three genes on a single chromosome.
Conjugation is interrupted, usually by centrifugation, to ensure that only cells that have completed one or two rounds of DNA replication are transferred. Interrupted conjugation is used to determine the order of transfer of the three genes: azi (4 minutes), ala (7 minutes), and arg (6 minutes) from the donor to the recipient.
Which gene is in the middle?Azi at 4 minutes, arg at 6 minutes, and ala at 7 minutes are the order of transfer of the three genes from the donor to the recipient, respectively. The gene in the middle can be determined by calculating the time required for each gene to transfer from the donor to the recipient. The middle gene is the one that takes the longest time to transfer, while the other two genes take shorter periods of time.
In this scenario, it can be seen that arg was transferred first and that ala was transferred last. Therefore, azi is in the middle. Thus, the answer is azi.
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DNA consists of subunits or building blocks, known as ?
Answer:
nucleotides
Explanation:
hope this helps:)
Answer:
Nucleotides
Explanation:
Nucleotides are the subunits of DNA. The four nucleotides are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. Each of the four bases has three components, a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogen-containing base.
Hope this helps :)
.Yellow rattle plant gets some of its nutrients from the roots of neighboring plants. (a) parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
competition
The term that describes the relationship in which the yellow rattle plant gets some of its nutrients from the roots of neighboring plants is mutualism.
Mutualism is a mutualistic relationship is when two organisms of different species "work together," each benefiting from the relationship. One example of this relationship is that of the oxpecker (a kind of bird) and the rhinoceros or zebra.
The yellow rattle plant and its neighboring plants have a mutualistic relationship in which the yellow rattle plant takes nutrients from its neighboring plants, while the neighboring plants benefit from the yellow rattle plant's ability to prevent other plants from taking over the area.
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The relationship between the yellow rattle plant and the roots of neighboring plants can be best described as parasitism. Here option A is the correct answer.
Parasitism refers to a relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits (the parasite) while the other organism is harmed (the host). This is the most likely relationship between the yellow rattle plant and the neighboring plants.
Yellow rattle is an example of a parasitic plant. It is a hemiparasite, which means that it gets some of its nutrients from the roots of neighboring plants. This is why it is often used in meadow restoration, as it can help reduce the vigor of grasses and other dominant species and promote the growth of other wildflowers. Yellow rattle plants have specialized structures called haustoria that penetrate the roots of neighboring plants.
Through this haustoria, yellow rattle taps into the host plant's vascular system and extracts water, minerals, and nutrients, reducing the host plant's overall vigor. This parasitic relationship can help create a more balanced ecosystem by allowing other plant species to thrive alongside the yellow rattle. Therefore option A is the correct answer.
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Complete question:
Yellow rattle plant gets some of its nutrients from the roots of neighboring plants.
A - parasitism
B - commensalism
C - mutualism
D - competition
the upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions is called the: group of answer choices diencephalon. cerebral cortex. subcortex. cerebellum.
The upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions is called the cerebral cortex. The brain is an organ of the nervous system located inside the skull.
It is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, initiating and coordinating motor output, regulating autonomic body functions, and facilitating cognition, emotion, and behavior.The cerebral cortex, also known as the neocortex, is the outermost layer of the cerebrum and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, memory, and perception.
It is divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe, and the occipital lobe. Each lobe has distinct functions. . The cerebral cortex also has two hemispheres, the left and right, which are connected by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum.
Each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex has a different specialization. The left hemisphere is typically responsible for language processing, logic, and analytical thinking, while the right hemisphere is responsible for creativity, spatial awareness, and emotional processing. Overall, the cerebral cortex is a highly complex and essential part of the brain that allows us to perceive, think, and interact with the world around us.
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4. explain the similarities between lamarckian and darwinian evolution and how they differ with respect to how populations will change over time.
Lamarckian and Darwinian theories are both theories of evolution, though they differ significantly in terms of how they predict populations will change over time. Despite this, both theories propose that adaptations in organisms occur over time, through a process of natural selection and adaptation. However, Lamarckian theory differs from Darwinian theory in several respects.
Darwin, on the other hand, argued that natural selection was the primary mechanism driving evolution. He proposed that small, random mutations in an organism's genetic code could lead to variations in traits. These traits would then be passed on to subsequent generations, with the most advantageous traits becoming more common over time. Darwin also believed that evolution was not a directed process, and that new traits were not created to meet the needs of an organism or its environment. Rather, he proposed that evolution occurred through a process of random variation and natural selection. Lamarckian and Darwinian theories are both theories of evolution, though they differ in several respects.
Lamarck believed that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed on to its offspring, whereas Darwin rejected this idea. Despite these differences, both theories propose that adaptations in organisms occur over time, through a process of natural selection and adaptation.
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Easy ! Quick plz
*4 carrots of equal sizes*
A student puts them in different beakers and leaves them for 2 hrs
After 2 hrs , which is the smallest ?
A ) a boiled carrot in sugar solution
B) a boiled carrot in water
C) a fresh carrot is sugar solution
D) a fresh carrot in water
Answer:
A?..........................................
The subangular blocky structure of the Bw1 horizon was destroyed as a result of deep tillage. How would this affect the capacity of this soil horizon to store water? Decrease It would not be affected
The capacity of the Bw1 horizon to store water would be decreased as a result of deep tillage. The subangular blocky structure of the soil plays a crucial role in water storage and movement.
The subangular blocky structure consists of aggregates with distinct boundaries that create pore spaces between them. These pore spaces allow water to infiltrate and be stored within the soil.
Deep tillage involves the disturbance of the soil by mechanical means, such as plowing or digging, to greater depths. This process disrupts the soil structure and breaks down the aggregates, leading to the destruction of the subangular blocky structure.
As a result, the pore spaces within the soil are reduced or eliminated, reducing the soil's ability to store water.
Without the subangular blocky structure, the soil becomes more compacted and dense, leading to decreased porosity and reduced water-holding capacity.
Water infiltration and drainage are also negatively impacted, as the disrupted soil structure hinders the movement of water through the soil profile. Therefore, deep tillage would decrease the capacity of the Bw1 horizon to store water.
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cells viewed in darkfield microscopy appear similar to those stained with the negative stain. group of answer choices true false
The answer to the question is true.Cells that are viewed in darkfield microscopy appear similar to those that are stained with a negative stain. Dark-field microscopy is a method of illumination used in microscopy. The specimen is viewed on a dark background under this type of illumination.
The dark-field microscope is used to examine unstained live biological samples. It has a concave mirror under the microscope stage, which deflects light away from the objective lens and onto the sample at an oblique angle. The sample appears white against a dark background in the field of view as a result of this.
As a result, the specimen appears colorless, while the background appears dark. In addition, negative staining is commonly used to detect bacterial capsules. It can also be used to help identify cell size and morphology.
Therefore, since both techniques use a dark background to view the specimens, cells that are viewed in dark-field microscopy appear similar to those that are stained with a negative stain.
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What are some of the regulatory issues with biotech foods? Is there any reason to worry about the safety of these products? Why?
Regulatory issues surrounding biotech foods involve concerns about safety, labeling, environmental impact, and public perception. While some argue that strict regulations are necessary to ensure safety.
Biotech foods, also known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), have raised regulatory concerns in several areas. One major issue is the safety of these products. Critics argue that the long-term effects of consuming GMOs are not yet fully understood, and they call for more rigorous testing and evaluation. Another regulatory concern is the labeling of biotech foods.
Environmental impact is another regulatory issue. GMOs can have unintended effects on ecosystems, such as the potential for gene flow to wild relatives or the development of resistance in pest populations. Regulatory frameworks aim to assess and manage these risks through measures like environmental impact assessments and monitoring.
Regarding the safety of biotech foods, scientific consensus holds that approved GMOs on the market are safe to eat. These products undergo rigorous testing and evaluation by regulatory agencies to ensure they are as safe as their conventional counterparts. Additionally, there is a long history of consumption of biotech foods without documented adverse effects on human health.
However, public perception and concerns about GMOs can influence regulatory decisions and lead to stricter regulations. The debate surrounding the safety of biotech foods continues, and it remains important to address public concerns, provide accurate information, and ensure transparent regulatory processes.
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How are new viruses made?
A.)asexual reproduction
B.)viral DNA or RNA copied by viral cells
C.)sexual reproduction
D.)viral DNA or RNA copied by a host cell
Answer:
D)viral DNA or RNA copied by a host cell
Explanation:
A virus needs to have a host cell so that it can inject its DNA or RNA and then the host cells makes copies of the virus in either the form of the Lytic Cycle ot the Lysogenic cycle.
there was a large epeiric seaway that was oriented n-s on the north american continent. which time period was this epeiric seaway at it's largest? group of answer choices late triassic early jurassic early cretaceous late cretaceous
The large epicontinental seaway that was oriented north-south on the North American continent was at its largest in the Late Cretaceous period.
An epicontinental sea is a sea that once covered part of a continent or a continent shelf. This type of sea is shallow, has a slow-moving current, and is connected to a larger ocean. It is often confined by a relatively shallow sea floor on one side and the continent on the other side.
An epicontinental sea is a body of saltwater that forms an inland extension of an ocean. The Late Cretaceous period lasted from 99 million to 66 million years ago. This is the final period of the Mesozoic era and is marked by the extinction of many species, including the dinosaurs. During this time period, North America was divided by a large epicontinental seaway that was oriented north-south.
The western side was called the Laramidia, and the eastern side was called Appalachia. This seaway extended across North America, from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico, and was responsible for many of the unique species that evolved during this time period. Therefore, the correct answer is the late Cretaceous.
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Which of following statements concerning RNA transcription is false?
A. The DNA strands become separated during synthesis.
B. Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA
C. The template strand is read in the 3' ® 5' direction
D. All 4 ribonucleotides are required
The false statement concerning RNA transcription is Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA. The correct option is B.
1. The DNA strands become separated during synthesis: During RNA transcription, the DNA double helix is unwound and the two strands are separated. This allows one of the DNA strands, known as the template strand, to be used as a template for RNA synthesis.
2. Synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA: This statement is false. While DNA replication is a highly accurate process, RNA transcription is prone to more errors. The enzyme RNA polymerase responsible for synthesizing RNA does not possess the same proofreading mechanisms as DNA polymerase, leading to a higher rate of errors in RNA synthesis.
3. The template strand is read in the 3' to 5' direction: During RNA transcription, the template strand of DNA is read in the 3' to 5' direction. This means that the RNA molecule being synthesized is complementary to the template strand and is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
4. All 4 ribonucleotides are required: RNA transcription involves the incorporation of ribonucleotides (A, U, G, and C) into the growing RNA molecule. Each ribonucleotide is added to the growing chain according to the complementary base pairing rules between the template DNA strand and the RNA molecule being synthesized.
In summary, the false statement is that synthesis of RNA is as accurate as synthesis of DNA. RNA transcription is less accurate than DNA replication due to the absence of proofreading mechanisms in RNA polymerase. Option B is the correct answer.
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How does a multicellular organism grow
Answer:
Multicellular organisms grow by increasing the number of cells they have. This relies on the processes of cell division and differentiation.
Explanation:
i got 100%
which of the following are true of epigenetic effects? please select all that apply. group of answer choices the effect is a heritable change in gene activity the effect is involved in y chromosome inactivation the effect is a result of changes in the dna the effect is retained in daughter cells
Epigenetic effects refer to heritable changes in gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. The epigenetic modifications do not change the DNA sequence, but they change the chromatin structure, which influences the DNA accessibility and gene activity.
These modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. There are several facts about the epigenetic effect, and they include:The effect is a heritable change in gene activity:
Epigenetic modifications can be passed down from one generation to the next, and therefore, they can cause heritable changes in gene activity.
The effect is involved in Y chromosome inactivation: Epigenetic modifications can result in the inactivation of the Y chromosome, resulting in an imbalance of gene expression between males and females.
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EXPLAIN Why does it take longer for your body to break down complex carbohydrates
than simple carbohydrates?
Answer:
It takes longer for your body to break down complex carbohydrates because they have longer chains of sugar molecules. The longer the chains of sugar molecules the longer it takes to break down.
Explanation:
Complex carbohydrates have more chains of sugar molecules. while simple carbohydrates have fewer chains of sugar molecules. Therefore, it is difficult to break down the sugar molecules.
What is a carbohydrate?
Carbohydrate molecules are energy-giving molecules. They provide energy in the form of ATP. There are different carbohydrate molecules such as Glucose, sucrose, and fructose.
There are two types of carbohydrates such as simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates have less number of sugar chains. Complex carbohydrate has more sugar chains.
Therefore, Complex carbohydrates have more chains of sugar molecules. while simple carbohydrates have fewer chains of sugar molecules. Therefore, it is difficult to break down the sugar molecules.
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a. Title of fictional book:
b. Name of place:
c. Where is this place located in relation to where you live?
d. Think of three adjectives that the writer might have used to describe the place.
e. Next, write three adjectives that come to mind when you picture how the place is in real life.
f. Does what you read about a place sometimes change your mental picture of it?
g. If you wrote an advertisement to make people want to visit the place, what adjectives would you use? (The adjectives can be the same or different from ones used above.)
The following answers are : a. The Hobbit b : Rivendell c. As a fictional place, Rivendell cannot be located in relation to where one lives. It is located in Middle-earth, a fictional world created by J.R.R. Tolkien.
d. mystical, serene, enchanting e. non-existent, imaginary, fictional
f. Yes, because sometimes one might read a description that is different from their mental picture, or they might not have had a mental picture before reading the description.
g. mystical, breathtaking, unforgettable.
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Cell Transportation lab, please help me !! the first answer gets brainly, 50 points, and I will cash app them 20 bucks :)
Answer:
Time
0 the egg looks a light brown color and looks stiff not flimsy
24 the egg is slotchy and white with no outer shell
48 the egg is not as white and looks bigger and harder
72 the egg is now all white with some brownish patches
Explanation: circumference 16cm, then 17.4 then 18, then 18.5 for the third slide
iii. Eggs of silk moth are kept at the temperature below 18°C in winter.
Answer:
What is the question
Explanation:
In science, all results...
Are explained? or it has steps to solve somethin
Full list of kharif crops??
Will mark brialantest mind
1.How does being made of many cells help large organisms maintain homeostasis?
2.Include an explanation of how the surface area-to-volume ratio, diffusion rate, and time for substances to reach the center are related. Support your explanation with data
3. what do the results of the agar blocks indicate about the relationship between cell size and time for materials to reach the center of the cell
4.How does the surface area-to-volume ratio of a small cell compare to that of a large cell? (
Answer:
1.Small cell: has larger surface-area to volume ratio
Bigger Cell: has little space to volume ratio
2. Surface area to volume ratio, in simple means the size of surface area to the volume of substance that can pass through it at a particular time.
Amoeba and some bacteria's are flat and have large surface area to volume ratio. So the diffusion rate is very high due to large surface area.
Where as humans have small surface area: volume so diffusion is very slow or does not take place at all.
3. Diffusion and Cell Size
The larger a cell is, the greater the surface area available for diffusion. ... Smaller cells have a much greater surface area to volume ratio allowing material to diffuse throughout the entire volume of the cell quickly and efficiently.
Having many cells help large organisms maintain homeostasis because larger organisms have smaller surface-area to volume ratio ( i.e. does not require large cell to carryout every function in the organism ).
Certain single celled organisms like Amoeba which are flat in nature possess a high surface area to volume ratio therefore diffusion of materials into them are faster and this makes it difficult for them to achieve homeostasis.
Larger cells will definitely posses a larger surface-area to volume ratio and hardly achieve homeostasis.
Hence we can conclude that large organisms maintain homeostasis by been having lower surface area to volume ratio.
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Some amateur and professional athletes take anabolic steroids to help them "bulk-up" or build strength. The health risks are extensively documented. Why are human sex hormones considered lipids? What precursor compound is necessary for the synthesis of steroids? What are some of the risks associated with anabolic steroid use?
Some amateur and professional athletes take anabolic steroids to help them "bulk-up" or build strength. The health risks are extensively documented.
Steroid hormones are a type of lipids that are naturally produced in the body and are synthesized from cholesterol.
The precursor compound that is necessary for the synthesis of steroids is cholesterol. Some of the risks associated with anabolic steroid use are as follows:• Hormonal imbalances• Mood swings• Liver damage• Acne and other skin issues• Decreased fertility• High blood pressure• Increased risk of heart disease• Stunted growth (in adolescents)• Increased risk of blood clots and stroke• Aggression and other behavioral changesThe use of anabolic steroids can have numerous adverse effects on the body.
Steroid hormones are considered lipids since they are fat-soluble molecules. They are naturally produced by the body's endocrine glands, and they are transported through the bloodstream to specific target cells, where they elicit their physiological effects.
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what enables intracellular potassium to stay elevated and sodium to stay low inside neurons? group of answer choicesdiffusion through channelssecondary active transportsimple diffusionprimary active transport
The resting membrane potential is maintained by the electrochemical gradient, which is a balance between the concentration gradient of ions across the cell membrane and the electrostatic forces that tend to drive ions from one side to the other.
Inside the neuron, the concentration of potassium ions is greater than that of sodium ions, with a higher concentration of negatively charged organic molecules. As a result, there is a greater concentration of negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside.The concentration of ions is such that there is a higher concentration of potassium ions inside the neuron, while there is a higher concentration of sodium ions outside the neuron.
The movement of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is affected by two types of transporters:
Ion pumps and ion channels. Primary active transporters, such as the sodium-potassium pump, which moves potassium ions into the cell while moving sodium ions out, and secondary active transporters, such as the sodium-calcium exchanger and the sodium-glucose cotransporter, which transport other molecules alongside sodium ions, are among the transporters that move ions across the cell membrane.
Sodium and potassium channels are examples of ion channels. Passive transport, such as simple diffusion, enables ions to flow freely through these channels. As a result, potassium ions can flow into the neuron, while sodium ions can only flow out of the neuron, helping to maintain the negative charge inside the cell. The membrane potential becomes more negative when the concentration of negative ions is greater than the concentration of positive ions inside the cell.
Thus, intracellular potassium can stay elevated and sodium can stay low inside neurons due to the balance created by the active and passive transport mechanisms present in the cells.
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PLEASE HURRYY AND HELp
Brainliest to correct answer
Answer:
hey dear
your answer is option b,c and f
Would it make any difference i.e. would the daughter cells come out differently) if a single chromosome was rotated 180° during metaphase 11 Around any axis?
Yes, it would make a difference if a single chromosome was rotated 180° during metaphase II around any axis.
This is because the alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate is important for proper separation of chromosomes during cell division. The proper alignment and orientation of chromosomes is essential for accurate segregation of genetic material during cell division. If a single chromosome is rotated 180° during metaphase II around any axis, then the orientation of that chromosome is reversed compared to its normal orientation on the metaphase plate.
This could result in errors during the subsequent separation of chromosomes, leading to daughter cells with different genetic content. Therefore, it is important for chromosomes to be properly aligned and oriented on the metaphase plate to ensure accurate segregation during cell division.
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Yes, it would make a difference if a single chromosome was rotated 180° during metaphase II around any axis. This would lead to changes in the daughter cells and result in altered genetic information.
Meiosis II is a process that follows meiosis I, which is a cell division process. It results in the production of four haploid cells (gametes) from a single diploid cell. The haploid cells produced have half the number of chromosomes as the original diploid cell. Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, but it differs in a few ways.
In meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated from each other, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells with unique combinations of genetic information from the parent cell. The Role of Metaphase II in Meiosis: Metaphase II is a stage of meiosis II where chromosomes are arranged at the equator of the cell. During this phase, spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of each chromosome, allowing them to move toward opposite poles of the cell.
As the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell, each pair of sister chromatids is oriented in a random fashion. This random arrangement increases the likelihood that the daughter cells will have different combinations of genetic information, which contributes to genetic diversity. Yes, the daughter cells would come out differently if a single chromosome was rotated 180° during metaphase II around any axis.
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.Microscopic analysis of the stool samples revealed the presence of small oval-shaped structures, with defined outer walls and two to four nuclei inside that looked like seeds. What is your diagnosis?
The presence of small oval-shaped structures with defined outer walls and two to four nuclei resembling seeds suggests a parasitic infection, possibly caused by helminths. Further testing and clinical correlation are necessary for a definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Based on the described microscopic findings of small oval-shaped structures with defined outer walls and two to four nuclei resembling seeds, the most probable diagnosis is the presence of parasites known as eggs or ova. These findings suggest a parasitic infection, specifically one caused by helminths, which are worm-like organisms.
Several helminthic infections can present with oval-shaped structures in the stool samples. Common examples include infections caused by parasites such as Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), or hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus). The eggs of these parasites exhibit variations in size, shape, and number of nuclei, but they typically possess a well-defined outer wall.
To confirm the exact species responsible for the infection and provide appropriate treatment, further laboratory tests, such as the identification of specific characteristics or molecular methods, would be necessary. Additionally, clinical correlation with the patient's symptoms, travel history, and other relevant factors would be crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
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which type of rock is formed when rock fragments are cemented together by dissolved minerals?
Answer: Sedimentary Rock
Explanation:
An example would be a Clastic Rock. Cemented by dissolved minerals through erosion or/and water. This question isn’t even needed for brainly. You can literally look up what it is by copy and pasting the question into google :0
Answer:
A
Explanation:
.How do the components of DNA circled in the diagram above determine DNA's physical properties? a. Glucose and phosphate are linked by hydrogen bonds to nitrogenous bases. b. Nitrogenous bases and phosphates link together to form a biological polymer. c. Nucleotides form covalent bonds with phosphate to form DNA monomers. d. Repeating units of phosphate and deoxyribose form the backbone of DNA.
There are 2 DNA molecule wrapped in the given diagram .The Repeating units of phosphate and deoxyribose form the backbone of DNA.
The sugar phosphate backbone is an important stuctural component of DNA. It consists of 5-carbon deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups. These sugars are linked together by a phosphodiester bond, between carbon 4 of their chain, and a CH2 group that is attached to a phosphate ion.
The sugar-phosphate groups form the backbone of the single strand of DNA. The four oxygen atoms in the phosphate groups are linked to the phosphorus atom forming a tetrahedral geometry. A single phosphate that is linked to two organic groups is known as a phosphate di-ester.
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.A. Proceed through meiosis to anaphase 1 which chromosomes went up and which went down ? B. Click Back and run anaphase 1 again a few times. Did the results ever. Change? C. Chromosomes are distributed randomly during anaphase 1 . What are the possible chromosomes combinations in two daughter cells? (use DG,LG,DP,and LP)
A. During anaphase I of meiosis , the chromosomes that go up are LG and DP. The chromosomes that go down are DG and LP.B.
During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite poles.
B. Yes , the results can change each time.
because homologous chromosomes are positioned randomly on the spindle fibers at the equator. As a result, each homologous chromosome pair's orientation can differ in each cycle, leading to different results each time.
C. In each daughter cell
, there are 4 possible chromosome combinations. DG LG, DG DP, LP LG, and LP DP.
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What does incubating bacteria mean and how and why is this done?
Please answer this plz is do at night help plz
Use the acronym B.I.O.L.O.G.Y. to describe its importance.
Answer:
Study of living organisms is called Biology.
Explanation: B.I.O means life,
L.O.G.Y. means study
It is basically methodological study of life and living things which has been further divided into two:
Zoology: Study of Animals. Botany: Study of Plants.