No, a process that is internally reversible and adiabatic is not necessarily isentropic. A process is isentropic if there is no change in entropy during the process. However, a process can be internally reversible and adiabatic and still have a change in entropy.
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system, and a reversible process can still have a change in entropy if the system is not in equilibrium.A reversible process is one that can be reversed without any change in entropy. However, if the system is not in equilibrium, the process can still have a change in entropy. This is because the entropy of a system is a measure of the disorder of the system, and a system that is not in equilibrium is not in a state of maximum disorder.
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Bond length. Need help solving with explanation I can understand please
The bond length or separation between the two nuclei of X in a molecule of X2A with elemental bond length of 2.22A and 4.28A is 6.5A.
What is bond length?
The bond length or bond distance can be defined as the average distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms in the given molecule. If it is a polyatomic molecule the bond distance can be calculated by adding the atomic radius of all the atoms involved in bonding.
The separation or bond length of the molecule X2A can be calculated as,
The bond length of elemental A = 2.22A
The atomic radius of A = 2.22 / 2 = 1.11A
The bond of elemental X = 4.28A
The atomic radius of X = 4.28 / 2 = 2.14A
The bond length of molecule X2A = (2.14 + 1.11) x 2 = 6.5A.
Therefore, the bond length or separation between the atoms X in the given molecule is 6.5A.
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what is the net ionic equation for the reaction of solid barium carbonate with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid?
The net ionic equation for the reaction of solid barium carbonate with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is,
BaCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq) -----> Ba2+ (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
What is a net ionic equation?
The net ionic equation is an equation in which the ions which are actively participating in a reaction are present. The ions which do not undergo any change is removed from the equation. So these ions are called as spectator ions.
The overall reaction of solid barium carbonate with an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid can be written as,
BaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) -------> BaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Here the spectator ions are chloride (Cl-) ions.
Therefore, the chloride ions are removed from the overall reaction to write the net ionic reaction as,
BaCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq) ------> Ba2+ (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
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acetic acid has a molar mass of 60.05 g/mol and consists of 40.00% c, 6.714% h, and 53.29% o with an empirical formula of ch2o . what is the molecular formula of acetic acid?
The molecular formula of acetic acid is C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex].
In 100 g of sample of acetic acid,
the concentration of Carbon (C) is 40 g,
the concentration of Hydrogen (H) is 6.714 g,
the concentration of Oxygen (O) is 53.29 g
To calculate the no. of moles, mass is divided by molar mass.
Therefore, no. of moles of C = 40/12 = 3.33
No. of moles of H = 6.714/1 = 6.71
No. of moles of O = 53.29/16 = 3.33
As the ratio of the elements is 1C : 2H : 1O, thus, empirical formula is CH[tex]_2[/tex]O
The molecular mass of the empirical formula CH[tex]_2[/tex]O is 12 + 1(2) + 16 = 30g/mol. Since the molar mass of acetic acid is 60.05 g/mol and the molecular mass of the empirical formula was found to be 30 g/mol, the subscripts of the empirical formula are multiplied by (60.05/30) 2, to get the molecular formula. Thus the molecular mass of acetic acid will be C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]
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a noble gas has a density of 1.78 g/l at stp. what is the identity of the gas? enter the elemental symbol of the gas.
The gas after the calculation has a molar mass of 39.95g/mol which is that of Argon. The elemental symbol of gas is Ar.
We know that 1 mol of gas has 22.4L of any gas at STP.
Given in the question is the density of the gas 1.78g/l at STP.
Hence the mass of 22.4 L of the elemental gas at STP is its molar mass.
Hence molar mass
=22.4 l/mol × 1.7824 g/L
= 39.925g/mol
These gases are called noble gases because they are majestic in nature, which means they dont react with anything in general.
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write a brief procedure outlining how would you prepare 250ml of a 0.150m solution of cocl2 from solid cocl2 and distilled water
4.87g of would be prepared 250mL of 0.150M solutions of COCl2 form solid COCl2 and distilled water.
Solution and solvent:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent. Note that the solvent is the substance that is present in the greatest amount. Many different kinds of solutions exist. For example, a solute can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
Let us consider that the solution is dissolved in the solvent.
Here the solution is cobalt(II) chloride and the solvent is distilled water.
The volume of solute is generally ignored, so we would dissolve
250ml . L / 10³ml. 0.150 M . 129.9g/ mol ≈ 4.87g
Therefore 4.87g of cobalt(II) chloride was in approximately 250mL distilled water to create the solution.
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Calculate the potential energy of a statue with a mass of 20 kg while sitting on a table that is 2 m high
Answer:
392.4 J
Explanation:
Potential Energy = m g h = 20 * 9.81 * 2 = 392.4 J
play with the simulation to determine: a) which particles affect the stability of the atom? b) which particles do not affect the stability of the atom?
a) Neutrons or protons are the particles that have an impact on the stability of the atom.
b) Electrons are the particles that have no impact on the stability of the atom.
When an element's atoms have excess neutrons or protons, the extra energy produced in the nucleus causes the atom to lose its equilibrium or become unstable.
Whether or not an atom's outermost shell is filled with electrons determines how stable the atom is. The molecule is stable if the outer layer is full. To attain stability, vacant outer shell atoms often form chemical interactions with other atoms.
Radioactivity is the capacity of some unstable atoms to spontaneously release nuclear radiation, often in the form of alpha and beta particles associated with gamma rays. The nucleus of an atom might become unstable if there are too many neutrons or protons present.
By ejecting other particles, such as neutrons and protons, or by emitting radiation in a variety of ways, a radioactive atom will attempt to become stable. Thus, the atom's electrons are the only internal particle that has no impact on the atom's stability.
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100.0 ml of a 0.840 m solution of kbr is diluted to 500.0 ml. what is the new concentration of the solution?
The concentration of the KBr solution is 0.168 M.
What is molarity?
The quantity of a substance in a given volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute each liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another term for molarity.
Explanation:
M1V1 = M2V2,
where M1 is the initial concentration,
V1 is the initial volume,
M2 is the concentration,
V2 is the total final volume.
Have to find the initial and final volume of the solution,
V1=100/1000=0.1
V2=500/1000=0.5
By rearranging the above equation, we get
M2=M1V1/V2
=0.840 x 0.1/0.5=0.168 M.
Therefore, the concentration of the KBr solution is 0.168 M.
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a solution is made by dissolving 21.5 g of sodium chloride, nacl, in enough water to make exactly 100 ml of solution. what is the concentration (molarity) of nacl in mol/l?\
The concentration molarity of NaCl is 3.76 mol/l.
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of solution.
Calculation:-
mass = 21.5 g
volume = 100 ml = 0.1 L
the molar mass of NaCl = 58.5
mole = mass/molar mass
= 21.5 / 58.5
= 0.376
concentration = mole /volume
= 0.376 / 0.1
= 3.76
The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.
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a student performing the qual group 1 and 2 unknown analysis did not have any precipitate remaining after step 1-a. what steps should the student omit from the procedure? explain your answer.
In qualitative analysis, the student should omit the steps 1B-1E which leads us to omitting steps which involves the presence of Pb and Ag.
What is qualitative analysis?
In qualitative analysis, information that is non-numerical about a chemical species, a reaction, etc. are determined. Qualitative analysis is not a reliable analysis but it often easier, faster and is a lot cheaper to perform that the quantitative analysis. Qualitative Analysis deals with the grouping or identification of elements present in the sample. It is a standard procedure to classify the methods in two classes and those are qualitative inorganic analysis and qualitative organic analysis.
Hence, In qualitative analysis if there is no precipitate, student should omit the step 1B-1E.
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The student should omit steps 1B through 1E, which leads us to omit steps involving the presence of Pb and Ag, when performing a qualitative analysis.
What is qualitative analysis?
Qualitative analysis is used to determine non-numerical information about a chemical species, a reaction, etc. Although qualitative analysis is less accurate than quantitative analysis, it is frequently quicker, simpler, and much less expensive to conduct. The grouping as well as identification of elements found in the sample is the focus of qualitative analysis. The methods are typically divided into two categories: qualitative inorganic analysis as well as qualitative organic analysis.
Hence, In qualitative analysis if there is no precipitate, student should omit the step 1B-1E.
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which hydrogen atoms would show a signal with a chemical shift between 4.5 and 6.5? there is only one correct choice.
The hydrogen atoms would show a signal with a chemical shift between 4.5 and 6.5 is the methyl group
A small molecule consists of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms. Methyl groups are attached to or extracted from proteins or nucleic acids and can change the way these molecules function in the body. Stable. Functional groups generally do not react except in the presence of very strong acids or bases.
Despite this stable structure, methyl groups can become trapped in a process known as 'methylation' where the entire functional group is transferred to another molecule. Epigenetics, gene expression, liver detoxification, and neurotransmitter synthesis all rely on this enzyme-mediated response.
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molecular formula: c57h110o6. what is the minimum amount of oxygen required, in g, for complete combustion?
The minimum amount of oxygen required, in g, for complete combustion of C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ will be 1304 g
Molecular formula = C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆
The amount is not given so we take it as 1 mol
The minimum amount of oxygen required for combustion = ?
First, we will write the chemical equation
C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ + O₂ = CO₂ + H₂O
Balance the chemical equation
2C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ + 163O₂ = 114CO₂ + 110H₂O
The molar ratio of C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ to oxygen is 2 : 163
As we have 1 mol C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆; 163 / 2 = 81.5 mol
number of moles of O₂ required = 81.5 mol
Covert the number of moles to grams
grams = number of moles × molar mass
grams of O₂ required = 81.5 mol × 16 g/mol
grams of O₂ required = 1304 g
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using a dot and cross diagram as electrons show the bonding in a molecule of oxygen(O2-2 atoms of oxygen, one as dots, one as crosses)
Answer:
attached is the answer, hope it helps!!
When 200.0 g water goes from a temperature 10.0°C to 40.0 °C, is heat absorbed or released? Calculate the amount of heat absorbed/released.
1. Heat energy is absorbed
2. The amount of heat absorbed is 25104 J
1. How do I know if heat is absorbed or released?
From the question given, we can see that the temperature of the water moved from 10.0°C to 40.0 °C. This simply means the water absorbed heat to increase its temperature.
2. How do I determine the heat absorbed?
The heat absorbed can be obtained as follow:
Mass of water (M) = 200 gInitial temperature (T₁) = 10 °CFinal temperature (T₂) = 40.0 °CChange in temperature (ΔT) = 40 – 10 = 30 °CSpecific heat capacity of water (C) = 4.184 J/gºC Heat absorbed (Q) =?Q = MCΔT
Q = 200 × 4.184 × 30
Q = 25104 J
Thus, the heat absorbed is 25104 J
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will your body be able to function without your skeleton system
Draw the major product formed when hbr reacts with the epoxide. Use wedge–dash bonds, including hydrogen atoms at each stereogenic center, to show the stereochemistry of the product.
An generally pro of HBr results in a molecule called halohydrin in this process. The oxygen carrier in the epoxide will be protonated by the hydrogen, and then the bromide ion will attack the more.
What is stereochemistry and examples?Stereochemistry is the study of a material's four structural elements. The location of the particle's electrons in 3 dimensions is the only structural distinction between the enantiomers known as cis and trans isomers. There may be differences in the physicochemical characteristics of these stereoisomers.
What does stereochemistry provide as a means of?Chemists can determine the connections between several molecules consisting of the same atoms by using stereochemistry. They can also research how these linkages affect the physical and biological characteristics that molecules possess.
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the molecular mass of butanoic acid is 88.1 amu . calculate the molecular mass of ethyl acetate, an isomer of butanoic acid. express your answer with the appropriate units.
The molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.
The structure formula of butanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2COOH, while structural formula of ethyl acetate is CH3COOCH2CH3. Thus, both butanoic acid and ethyl acetate have same number of constituent atoms. Therefore they have same atomic mass. Thus, molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.
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A sample of gas has a volume of 5.0 L and a pressure of 2.92 atm. If the final volume is 5.7 L, what is the final pressure of the gas?
Show your work in the work space below.
Hint: Use the equation for Boyle's Law
how many grams of ammonia must you start with to make 10,000. l of a 0.7500 m aqueous solution of nitric acid? assume all the reactions give 100% yield.
we need these set of reactions that goes from ammonia to nitric acid.
1) 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)-->4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
2) 2NO(g)+O2(g)-->2NO2(g)
3) 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)-->2HNO3(aq)+NO(g)
State the ratio of moles of HNO3 to NH3:
4 moles of NH3 produce 4 moles of NO,
4 moles of NO produce 4 moles of NO2
4 moles of NO2 produce 4 * (2 / 3) moles of HNO3 = 8/3 moles of HNO3.
=> (8/3) moles HNO3 : 4 moles NH3
Calculate the number of moles of HNO3 in 10000 l of 0.7500 M solution
M = n / V => n = M * V = 0.7500 M * 10000 liter = 7500 moles HNO3
Use proportions:
(8/3) moles HNO3 / 4 moles NH3 = 126 moles HNO3 / x
=> x = 7500 moles HNO3 * 4 moles NH3 / (8/3 moles HNO3) = 11279 moles NH3
Convert moles to grams:
molar mass NH3 = 14 g/mol + 3 * 1g/mol = 17 g/mol
mass in grams = number of moles * molar mass = 11279 moles * 17 g/mol = 191743 g
Answer: 191743 g.
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if a non-diabetic person ingests carbon in the form of sugar, how is that carbon likely to be released from their body?
If a non-diabetic person ingests carbon in the form of sugar than carbon is likely to be released from their body in the form of CO₂.
The pancreas releases glucagon while the awareness of glucose inside the bloodstream falls too low. Glucagon causes the liver to transform stored glycogen (the multibranched polysaccharide of glucose in frame storage) into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream.
The absorption price of fructose alone from the small gut is slower than that of glucose. this is partially due to the differences in the absorption manner between the two monosaccharides. Glucose is absorbed from the intestine into the plasma thru more than one active glucose co-transporter protein.
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a redox titration similar to this one requires 30.65 ml of iodine solution to titrate a sample containing 25.00 ml of 0.0002487 m ascorbic acid to the end point. what is the molarity of the iodine?
The molarity of iodine solution is containing 25.00 ml of 0.0002487 m ascorbic acid is 0.0002028 M.
We calculate this using ,
Let molarity and volume of ascorbic acid be M₁ and V₁
M₁ = 0.0002487 m
V₁ = 25.00 ml
Molarity of iodine be M₂ .
As , ascorbic acid + I₂ → 2I⁻ + dehydroascorbic acid
By molarity equation,
M₁ V₁ = M₂ V₂
where M₂ is Molarity of iodine and V₂ is volume if iodine.
M₂ = 0.0002487 / 25 ÷ 30.65
M₂ = 0.0002028 M
Therefore, 0.0002028 M is the molarity of the iodine.
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If the balloon had a volume of 33000 L , how many kilograms of hydrogen were needed to fill the balloon at STP?
If a balloon has a volume of 33000 L, the amount of hydrogen that would be needed to fill will be 29.46 kg.
Volume of gas at STPAt standard temperature and pressure, 1 mole of any gas is equivalent to 22.4 L of the gas.
The capacity of the balloon is 33000 L. The number of moles of hydrogen gas that will fill the balloon can be calculated using dimensional analysis as follows:
1 mole = 22.4 L
33000 L = 1 x 33000/22.4
= 1473.21 moles
This means that 1473.21 moles of hydrogen will be required to fill the balloon.
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
Hence: mass = mole x molar mass
Molar mass of hydrogen gas = (1+1)
= 2 g/mol
We can then use the above formula to calculate the mass of 1473.21 moles of hydrogen.
mass of 1473.21 moles hydrogen = 1473.21 x 2
= 2946.43 grams
2946.43 grams to kg = 2946.43/1000
= 29.46 kg
In other words, if a balloon has a capacity of 33000 L, the amount of hydrogen that would be required to fill it will be 29.46 kg.
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in your own opinion, is alchemy a real science? do you believe the claims? give reasons and explanation to support your answers.
Alchemy was a form of speculative thought that, among other aims, tried to transform base metals such as lead or copper into silver or gold. It also sought to discover cures for diseases and a way of extending life.
Today we know that the universe is made up of atoms and elements. Since lead and other metals are not composed of fire, air, earth, and water, it's not possible to adjust the percentages of those elements and turn them into gold.
(Unfortunately, it turns out that alchemy, at least in its purest form, can’t be done. You can’t turn any metal into gold, no matter how much sorcery or chemicals or mystical charms you use. )
I hope I helped
how to check if the rain is acidic
Answer:
By collecting the rainwater carefully without allowing for any contamination one can then determine by an instrument known as a pH meter the acidity of the solution.
Explanation:
the modern periodic table arranges the elements according to their atomic number and shared properties. if you wanted to predict which elements are explosive how would you organize the periodic table?
High explosive elements should be placed on the right side of the periodic table and lower explosive elements should be placed on the left side.
We will organize the periodic table starting from least explosive to high explosive just like the arrangement is done in the modern periodic table in which elements having lower atomic numbers are present on the left side of the periodic table whereas the elements having higher atomic numbers are placed on the right side of the periodic table.
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is the tabular arrangement of all the chemical elements on the basis of their respective atomic numbers.
Why the periodic table is important?
The periodic table of elements puts all the known elements into groups with similar properties.
Thus, lower explosive elements are placed on the left and high explosive elements are placed on the right of the periodic table.
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Use the equation below to answer the following question. How many grams of hydrogen are necessary to
react completely with 50.0 g of nitrogen in the reaction of the formation of ammonia?
N₂ + 3H2 → 2NH3
O 10.8 g H₂
O
15.0 g H₂
O
20.1 g H₂
O 41.2 g H₂
DONE
The mass of hydrogen necessary to react with 50.0g of nitrogen in the reaction of ammonia is 10.8g.
What is ammonia?
Ammonia is a colorless gas which when dissolved in water readily gives ammonium hydroxide which causes irritation. It can also be used as cleaning agent also it is a pungent gas composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.
According to the given equation of ammonia formation,
N2 + 3H2 -------> 2NH3
there is 1 mole of nitrogen reacting with 3 moles of hydrogen to give 2 moles of ammonia. In terms of mass, 28.01g of nitrogen needs 3 moles of hydrogen that is 6.048g of hydrogen.
We can say that,
28.01g of N2 requires 6.048g of hydrogen,
1g of N2 requires = 6.048 / 28.01 = 0.048g
50g of N2 requires = 0.048 x 50.0 = 10.8g of H2.
Therefore, 10.8g of H2 is required to react with 50.0 g of N2 to make ammonia.
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Answer:
its a
Explanation:
10.8 g H2
if a certain gas has a density of 2.34 g/l at 27.0c and 742 torr, calculate the molar mass of this gas
The molar mass of this gas is 59.0 g/mol.
Molar mass is described as the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance. The gadgets of molar mass are grams in keeping with mole, abbreviated as g/mol. The mass of an unmarried isotope of any given detail (the isotopic atomic mass) is a cost concerning the mass of that isotope to the mass of the isotope carbon-12.
Calculation:-
PV = nRT
P = 742 torr = 0.976 atm
P × molar mass = density × R × T
0.976 * molar mass = 2.34* 0.0821*300
0.976 * molar mass = 57.6
molar mass = 59.0 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass = 59.0 g/mol
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suppose a beaker of water is heated from the top. which is more likely to occur in the water: thermal energy transfer by conduction or convection?
Answer: convection
Explanation:
In the following reaction:
2 NaCl + Pb → PbCl2 + 2 Na
100.0 grams of Pb are added to an excess of NaCl. How many moles of Na are produced?
Answer:
About 0.965 mol Na
Explanation:
how do acids and bases interact with water? how does this interaction be different for strong acids and weak acids?
Acid and Bases interact in water as they form Hydronium ion and hydroxide ions. The interaction for strong acids and weak acids produces salts.
Acid are those which have ability to dissociates into H⁺ ions. ans the bases are those which have ability to produce OH⁻ ions. when we mix acid with water it produce hydronium ions.
HCl + H₂O -----> H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
when we mix base with water it produced hydroxide ions.
NaOH + H₂O ------> Na⁺ + OH⁻
The mixture of two acids of different will react together. while when two acids mix the reaction do not happen. when we mix weak acid with the strong acid it produces salt because weak acid have higher pH which is basic.
Thus, Acid and Bases interact in water as they form Hydronium ion and hydroxide ions. The interaction for strong acids and weak acids produces salts.
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