Yes, it is possible to calculate the heat of sublimation for a substance if its heats of vaporization and heats of fusion are given.
The molar heat (or enthalpy) of sublimation is defined as the amount of energy that must be added to a mole of solid at constant pressure to turn it directly into a gas (without passing through the liquid phase).
Sublimation requires all the forces which breaks all types of bonds between the molecules (or other species, such as ions) in the solid as the solid is converted into a gas. The heat of sublimation is basically expressed as ΔHsub in units of Joules per mole or kilogram of substance.
The relation between heat of sublimation, heats of vaporization and heats of fusion is given as,
ΔHsub = ΔHfus + ΔHvap
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A domestic developer a short circuit what will be the be the effect on a fuse wire connected in the circuit
The wire in the fuse heats up quickly and melts if a short circuit happens or even if too many appliances are connected to one wire, allowing too much current to flow. This breaks the circuit and stops a fire from starting.
What happens when there is a short circuit?In plainer terms, short circuits occur when a hot wire makes contact with a conductive object that it shouldn't. A short circuit can harm appliances, cause electrical shock, or even start a fire.
The main causes of fuse operation include device failure, overloading, mismatched loads, and short circuits. A short circuit will form, and the fuse will melt if a damaged live wire comes into contact with a grounded metal case.
Thus, If the domestic circuit develops a short circuit then the fuse wire linked in the circuit will melt.
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Some potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), 2.335 g is dissolved in enough water to make exactly 500 mL of solution. What is the molar concentration of the potassium dichromate? What are the molar concentration of the K+ and Cr2O7- ions?
The the molar concentration of the potassium dichromate is 0.014 M and the molar concentration of the K⁺ is 0.028 M and Cr₂O₇²⁻ ion is 0.014 M.
The dissociation of the K₂Cr₂O₇ is as :
K₂Cr₂O₇ ----> 2K⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻
The mass of the K₂Cr₂O₇ = 2.335 g
The moles of the K₂Cr₂O₇ = mass / molar mass
= 2.335 / 294.1 g/mol
= 0.007 mol
The volume of the solution = 500 mL = 0.500 L
The molarity expression is as :
Molarity = moles / volume
Molarity = 0.007 / 0.500
= 0.014 M
The molar concentration of [K⁺] = 2 × 0.014
= 0.028 M
The molar concentration of [Cr₂O₇²⁻] = 0.014 M
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if we model the sodium and chlorine ions as point charges separated by 0.28 nm , the spacing in the crystal, what is the magnitude of the attractive force between two adjacent ions?
The magnitude of the attractive force between two adjacent sodium and chloride ions in the crystal is 4.18 x 10^-8 N.
The magnitude of the attractive force between two adjacent sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in a crystal can be calculated using Coulomb's law. Coulomb's law states that the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the charges.
The formula for the force between two charges is:
F = k * q1 * q2 / r^2
Where:
k = Coulomb's constant (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2)
q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges of the ions
r is the separation distance between the ions (0.28 nm)
F is the force between the ions.
For sodium and chloride ions, q1 = +1e and q2 = -1e, where e is the elementary charge (1.60 x 10^-19 C).
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
F = 8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2 * 1.60 x 10^-19 C * 1.60 x 10^-19 C / (0.28 x 10^-9 m)^2
F = 4.18 x 10^-8 N
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epichlorohydrin is the common name of an industrial chemical used as a component in epoxy cement. the molecular formula of epichlorohydrin is c3h5clo. epichlorohydrin has an epoxide functional group; it does not have a methyl group. write a structural formula for epichlorohydrin.
The structural formula for epichlorohydrin is shown below:
H
|
C - C - C - O - Cl
Epichlorohydrin is an epoxide and an organochlorine substance. Although it has a halohydrin name, it is not one. It is a white liquid with a strong, garlic-like odour that is miscible with the majority of polar organic solvents but only mildly soluble in water.
Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of wet-strength resins for paper production, surfactants, synthetic glycerin, epichlorohydrin elastomers, speciality water treatment chemicals, and epoxy resins, which account for roughly 90% of the worldwide market.
After intake or inhalation, epichlorohydrin is quickly absorbed into the body through the skin. The reactive epoxide epichlorohydrin is metabolised by attaching to glutathione and being hydrated by epoxide hydrolase. Both rats and humans have been shown to have the same haemoglobin adduct.
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if a person eats 12 milligrams (mg) of salt in a day and excretes 11 mg of it in the urine, what happened to the remaining 1 mg?
Salinity levels in the body are still at 1 mg. As it is digested, glucose produces CO2 and water.
The mass equilibrium of these two chemicals is upset by the addition of water and CO2 during glucose metabolism. Both metabolites need to be either expelled or subjected to additional metabolising in order to maintain mass balance.
The main type of sugar found in blood is glucose, which serves as the body's cells' principal source of energy. Our bodies can also produce glucose from other compounds or from the foods we consume. In the blood, glucose which is transported to the cells in the blood. Your blood's primary sugar is known as blood sugar or glucose. It is the primary source of energy for your body and is obtained from the food you consume.
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What is always correct about the molecular ion, M+, in a mass spectrum of a compound? a) The M+ ion peak has the smallest m/z ratio in the mass spectrum. b) The m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak gives the relative molecular mass of the molecule. c) The M+ ion is the most stable fragment formed during electron bombardment. d) The M+ ion peak has the greatest intensity in the mass spectrum.
The m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak gives the relative molecular mass of the molecule.
correct option is B
The molecular ion, M+, in a mass spectrum is the precursor ion of the molecule before fragmentation.
The m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak in a mass spectrum gives the relative molecular mass of the molecule.
The m/z ratio is the ratio of the mass of the ion to its charge, and for the M+ ion, this value is equal to the molecular mass of the compound.
By measuring the m/z ratio of the M+ ion peak, it is possible to determine the relative molecular mass of the molecule, which is a crucial piece of information for identifying and characterizing a compound.
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the concentration of hydroxide (oh-) ions in a solution is 0.1µm. what is the ph of the solution?
The concentration of hydroxide (OH⁻) ions in a solution is 0.1 µM. The pH of the solution is 7.
The concentration of the hydroxide ion, OH⁻ = 0.1 µM
The concentration in Molar = 1 × 10⁻⁷M
The pH formula is expressed as :
pOH = - log (OH⁻)
pOH = - log ( 1 × 10⁻⁷M )
pOH = 7
Therefore , the pOH is 7, the pH and the pOH relation expressed as :
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 14 -7
pH = 7
The pH is 7 , which is the neutral pH.
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what is the net charge of a glycine molecule in human blood at ph 7.4, given an amino group of glycine has a pka = 9.6 and a carboxyl group has a pka = 2.3?
The net charge present on a glycine molecule in the human blood at pH equals to 7.4 is equal to zero.
Glycine can be categorized as one of the amino acids which are present in the human body. It consists of one hydrogen (H) atom as its side chain. Glycine is the simplest amino acid.
At a pH value lesser than 2, both the oxygen as well as the nitrogen are protonated and hence the charge on glycine is equal to +1 whereas over the pH value of 9, both oxygen as well as nitrogen will get deprotonated to give glycine a net charge of -1 .
At the value of pH between 3 and 9, the oxygen on the molecule will get deprotonated but the nitrogen present will still be protonated and this will provide the glycine a neutral charge or we can say the net charge of glycine is 0. Hence, we can say that at pH = 7.4 the net charge on glycine will be zero.
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4. can the carbon dioxide content of wastewater sample known to contain significant concentrations of acetic acid be determined by the titration procedure? why?
A wastewater sample that is known to contain high amounts of acetic acid can be utilised to determine the carbon dioxide content using the titration process.
Water and some of the CO2 that is dissolved in it react to create carbonic acid (H2CO3). The pH of the water decreases as a result of the hydrogen ions in carbonic acid. Therefore, when the blood's carbon dioxide concentration increases, more H+ ions and a lower pH are created. Numerous titrations are required to boil the solution due to the CO2 that is created during the acid-base interaction. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water; this acid acts as a buffer and reduces the accuracy of data.
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n the given reactions, is the starting material being oxidized, reduced or is there no change in the oxidation state?
In first reaction material is oxidized then in second it is reduced and in last there is no change in oxidation state.
The oxidation state changes in carbon atom as,
C-C⇒O
C-O-H⇒+1 due to O atom
C=O⇒+2 due to O atom
Redox reactions in organic chemistry take on a slightly different appearance. In an organic redox reaction, electrons frequently move as hydride ions, which include a proton and two electrons. These reactions, in which a proton is transferred together with the hydrogenation or dehydrogenation of a hydride, are known as hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Remember, hydration and dehydration relate to the gain and loss of a water molecule, respectively (and are not redox reactions), whereas the terms hydrogenation and dehydrogenation refer to the gain and loss of a hydrogen molecule.
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Question: In The Given Reactions Is The Starting Material Being Oxidized, Reduced Or Is There No Change In The Oxidation State.which amino acids have amino groups in their side chains
There are 3 amino acids having amino groups in their side chains. They are arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His).
An amino acid is a molecule made composed of a carbon atom called the carbon, a carboxylic acid group, and an amine group. The R group, a particular side chain, is also joined to the carbon in each of the 20 amino acids.
Three amino acids have basic side chains when the pH is neutral. These are histidine, lysine, and arginine (Arg) (His). Their side chains are nitrogen-containing and mimic basic ammonia. Because of their high pKa values, they have the propensity to bind protons and acquire a positive charge as a result.
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During the reaction of CV with NaOH, do you expect the colorimeter absorbance to change? How do you expect it to change if such a change is anticipated (i.e, increase, decrease, stay the same) as the reaction proceeds? Explain
It is anticipated that as the reaction proceeds the concentration of CV decreases and the absorbance of solution is also expected to decrease.
The reaction between CV (Cyanide) and NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) will result in the production of NaCN (Sodium Cyanide) and H2O. The colorimeter absorbance of the solution is expected to change as the reaction proceeds. The change in absorbance would depend on the concentration of CV in the solution, and the reaction rate between CV and NaOH.
In general, as the reaction progresses and the concentration of CV decreases, the absorbance of the solution is expected to decrease. The decrease in absorbance would occur because the concentration of the absorbing species (CV) is decreasing, leading to a decrease in the amount of light absorbed by the solution.
It is important to note that the exact change in absorbance would depend on the specific conditions of the reaction, including the initial concentration of CV, the reaction rate, and the wavelength of light used by the colorimeter.
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PLEASE HELP !!
The complete set of instructions for making a human being can be found where?
Answer:
Found in every nucleus of a persons many trillions of cells, the human genome consists of tightly coiled threads of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated protein molecules, organized into structures called chromosomes.
Answer:
The complete set of instructions for making a human being can be found in the human genome, which is the complete set of genetic material present in all human cells. The human genome is made up of DNA, which is composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These nucleotides are arranged in a long, linear sequence, and the order of these sequences determines the instructions for making proteins and other molecules in the body.
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what is the mass number of the helium atom? three atom models with several spheres in the middle and small spheres in the concentric circles around the middle. a hydrogen atom has one sphere in the center and a circle around it with a tiny sphere. an arrow points to the sphere in the center. a helium atom has a group of four spheres in the center and a circle around it with two tiny spheres. a lithium atom has a group of spheres in the center and two concentric circles around it. the inner circle has two tiny spheres and the outer circle has one tiny sphere. what is the mass number of the helium atom? three atom models with several spheres in the middle and small spheres in the concentric circles around the middle. a hydrogen atom has one sphere in the center and a circle around it with a tiny sphere. an arrow points to the sphere in the center. a helium atom has a group of four spheres in the center and a circle around it with two tiny spheres. a lithium atom has a group of spheres in the center and two concentric circles around it. the inner circle has two tiny spheres and the outer circle has one tiny sphere. 2 amu 4 amu 6 amu it cannot be determined from this image.
From the structure of the helium atom, the mass number of the helium atom is 4.
What is the mass number of an element?The mass number of an element is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.
The mass number of the helium atom is determined from the atomic structure of the helium atom.
A helium atom has a group of four spheres in the center and a circle around it with two tiny spheres.
The small spheres at the center of the helium atom are the proy=os and the neutrons. Hence, the mass number of helium is 4.
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42.0 liters of so2 gas are collected at stp. how many moles are in this amount
The 42.0 liters of SO₂ gas are collected at the STP. The number of moles are in this amount is 1.8 mol.
According to the ideal gas equation we get :
P V = n R T
V = volume of the gas = 42.0 L
n = moles
R = gas constant = 0.823 atm L / mol K
At STP ,
T = temperature = 273.15 K
P = pressure = 1 atm
substituting the values, we get :
n = P V / R T
n = ( 1 × 42 ) / ( 0.0823 × 273.15)
n = 1.8 mol
Thus, the moles at STP for the volume of 42 L is 1.8 mol.
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how does the subunits of a nucleic acid affect its structure
The subunits of a nucleic acid determine the encoded biological information and affect the structure as they dictate the structural stability of the molecule.
Nucleic acids are basically macromolecules which are very essential for life. They contain simpler subunits which are able to dictate the biological information which is being coded.
These subunits are basically the building blocks and hence they also dictate the structural stability of the nucleic acid. If there is any change in these subunits, it will lead to a change in the biological product that is encoded and also bring about a change in the structure stability of the nucleic acid.
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a 1.371 g sample contains only vitamin c (c6h8o6) and sucralose (c12h19cl3o8). when the sample is dissolved in water to a total volume of 28.0 ml, the osmotic pressure of the solution is 5.61 atm at 305 k. what is the mass percent of vitamin c and sucralose in the sample?
Sucralose is present in the sample at a mass percent of 97.35 % and vitamin C at 2.65%
Mass percent can be calculate as follows:We can calculate the moles from osmotic pressure formula
Π = iMRT (Osmotic pressure)
Van't Hoff factor i = 1
moles/volume = M
Now,
ππ= inVRT ——> (1)
R = 0.0821 L.atm.K.mol⁻¹
T = 301K
Volume = 28 ml, or 0.028 liters.
Next, using equation (1)
n = (π × 0.028 L) / (1× 0.0821 L.atmK⁻¹mol⁻¹× 301 K)
Mole = 0.00356 moles.
Given the quantity of samples and that sucralose has a mass of Y g and vitamin C has a mass of X g,
e = 1.371 g
X + Y = 1.371 g
Y = 1.371 g - X ----> (2)
The mass percent of vitamin c is 39.34 % and sucralose is 60.66 % in the sample.
Since vitamin C (VC) has a molecular mass of 176 g/mol while sucralose has a molecular weight of 398 g/mol. The sum of the moles of VC and sucralose is therefore the total amount of moles.
0.00356 moles = X/176 + (1.371 - X)/398
70,048(0.00356) = 398 X + 176(1.371 - X)
249.37 = 398 X +241.296 - 176 x
8.074 = 222x
X = 0.0364 gram (vit c)
Now, using eq (2);
Y = 1.371g - 0.0364 g
Y = 1.3346 gram (sucralose)
Thus, Vitamin C Mass Percentage is equal to 0.0364 g x 100 / 1.371g.
= 2.65%
Sucralose mass % = 1.3346g 100 / 1.371g
= 97.35 %
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2. Complete the table below to organize the information from this section. Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto ORDER FROM THE SUN 5th 7th Usually, 9th THE OUTER PLANETS ATMOSPHERE Thick; hydrogen and helium Thick methane MOONS 1, Charon , including At least 31, including Titan Science online Visit blue.msscience.com to access your textbook, interactive including including
We can see here that organizing the information, we have:
Order from the Sun:
Jupiter (5th)Saturn (6th), Uranus (7th)Neptune (8th)Pluto (9th)Atmosphere: Jupiter and Saturn have thick atmospheres composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, while Uranus and Neptune have thick atmospheres containing methane.
Moons: Jupiter has 79 moons, Saturn has 82 moons, Uranus has 27 moons, Neptune has 14 moons, Pluto has 1 moon (Charon).
What is planet?A planet is a celestial body that orbits around a star, is spherical in shape, and has cleared its orbit of other debris. To be considered a planet, the object must be massive enough for its own gravity to pull it into a roughly spherical shape and it must dominate its orbit, meaning it has cleared its orbit of other debris.
In our solar system, there are eight officially recognized planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
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Saltpetre is a rock which occurs in Chile. It contains iodine in the form of
sodium iodate(V), NalO,.
Sodium thiosulphate solution was used to find the concentration of a solution of
sodium iodate(V).
(i) The experiment used 36-0 cm' of a sodium thiosulphate solution of
concentration 0-100 mol dm.
Calculate the number of moles of sodium thiosulphate present in this solution.
(ii) Six moles of sodium thiosulphate were needed for each mole of the
sodium iodate(V).
State the number of moles of sodium iodate(V) present in the sample.
[1]
(iii) The volume of sodium iodate(V) solution used in the experiment was 50-0cm'.
Calculate the concentration of the sodium iodate(V) solution in mol dm. [1]
(iv) Use your answer to (iii) to calculate the concentration of the sodium iodate(V)
solution in g dm.
[1]
The relative molecular mass of sodium iodate(V) is 198.
Answer:
(i) To calculate the number of moles of sodium thiosulphate present in the solution, we can use the formula:
moles = concentration x volume
The concentration of the sodium thiosulphate solution is given as 0.100 mol dm^-3 and the volume is 36.0 cm^3.
We can calculate the number of moles of sodium thiosulphate as:
moles = 0.100 mol dm^-3 x (36.0 cm^3 / 1000 cm^3/dm^3) = 0.0036 mol
(ii) We are told that six moles of sodium thiosulphate were needed for each mole of sodium iodate(V). So, we can calculate the number of moles of sodium iodate(V) in the sample as:
moles of sodium iodate(V) = moles of sodium thiosulphate / 6
moles of sodium iodate(V) = 0.0036 mol / 6 = 6.00 x 10^-4 mol
(iii) To calculate the concentration of the sodium iodate(V) solution in mol dm^-3, we can use the formula:
concentration = moles of solute / volume of solution
The number of moles of sodium iodate(V) is 6.00 x 10^-4 mol and the volume of the solution is 50.0 cm^3.
so,
concentration = 6.00 x 10^-4 mol / (50.0 cm^3 / 1000 cm^3/dm^3) = 1.2 x 10^-4 mol dm^-3
(iv) To calculate the concentration of the sodium iodate(V) solution in g dm^-3, we can use the formula:
concentration in g dm^-3 = molar mass x concentration in mol dm^-3
The molar mass of sodium iodate(V) is 198 g/mol.
so,
concentration in g dm^-3 = 198 g/mol x 1.2 x 10^-4 mol dm^-3 = 0.00237 g dm^-3
This is the final concentration of sodium iodate(V) solution in g dm^-3.
Given sulfanilamide in a vial, what is the best method of transferring the compound and determining the exact mass transferred? a. Weigh the empty Craig tube, transfer the solid into the Craig tube, then weigh the empty test tube b. Tare the balance with a weigh boat, transfer the solid to the weigh boat and re-weigh c. Weigh the test tube with sulfanilamide, transfer the solid into the Craig tube, then re-weigh the empy test cube
d. Tare the balance with a Craig tube, transger the solid into the Craig tube, then re-weigh
Sulfanilamide in a vial, the best method of transferring the compound and determining the exact mass transferred, the correct option is (d) Tare the balance with a Craig tube, transfer the solid into the Craig tube.
Then re-weigh is the best method of transferring the compound and determining the exact mass transferred. This is because taring the balance with the Craig tube minimizes the chance of spillage or contamination, and allows for a precise measurement of the mass of sulfanilamide transferred. A Craig tube is a type of weighing container used in laboratory settings for accurately measuring the mass of powders, granules, or other solid materials. It is a small, cylindrical container with a lid, typically made of metal or plastic, and is commonly used in analytical chemistry and other scientific fields where precise measurement of small quantities of materials is important. The Craig tube is placed on a balance and tared, or zeroed, to account for its own mass, allowing the exact mass of the material inside to be determined.
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(b) In another experiment Penny obtained white crystals of potassium carbonate, K₂CO3,
from the wood ash.
(1)
Show that the percentage by mass of potassium in K₂CO3 is 56.6.
[2]
(ii) Some of Penny's crystals were analysed for potassium by flame emission
spectroscopy. The results showed that the percentage of potassium present was
44.9%.
Penny suggested that the crystals of potassium carbonate might be a hydrate,
K₂CO3.2H₂O.
Explain why the percentage of potassium in the hydrate is lower than the value
stated in (i).
[1]
Explanation:
(1) To show that the percentage by mass of potassium in K2CO3 is 56.6%, we can use the formula weight of the compound. The formula weight of K2CO3 is 138.20 g/mol. The molar mass of potassium is 39.10 g/mol and the molar mass of carbon and oxygen is 99.10 g/mol. Therefore, the percentage by mass of potassium in K2CO3 is (2 x 39.10) / 138.20 x 100 = 56.6%.
(ii) The percentage of potassium in the hydrate is lower than the value stated in (i) because the hydrate contains water molecules, which also contribute to the overall mass of the compound. Therefore, the percentage of potassium in the hydrate is diluted by the mass of the water molecules and will be lower than the value for the anhydrous compound.
how does the law of conservation of mass also apply to physical changes?
The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of a system remains constant, regardless of the changes that occur within the system. This means that the total mass of the products of a physical change must be equal to the total mass of the reactants.
For example, consider the process of melting a block of ice. When the ice melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid, but its total mass remains the same. The mass of the water that results from the melting of the ice must be equal to the mass of the ice that was present before the change.
Similarly, other physical changes such as evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and freezing also follow the law of conservation of mass. In each of these processes, the total mass of the system remains constant, even though the physical state of the substance changes.
In conclusion, the law of conservation of mass applies to physical changes as well as chemical reactions, and requires that the total mass of the system remains constant, regardless of the changes that occur within the system.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE for the chemical equation given below in which nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia gas assuming the reaction goes to completion?
N2 + 3H, = 2NH,
(a). One mole of N, will produce three moles of H2.
(b). The reaction of three moles of hydrogen gas will produce 17 g of ammonia (c). One molecule of nitrogen requires six atoms of hydrogen for complete reaction. (d). The reaction of 14 g of nitrogen produces 17 g of ammonia.
Answer:
The statement that is false for the chemical equation N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 is (a). One mole of N2 will produce three moles of H2. In this reaction, one mole of N2 reacts with three moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3. Therefore, one mole of N2 will not produce three moles of H2.
Are there any other way to find isotopes besides mass?
There are other ways to find isotopes besides mass such as subtracting the atomic number (the number of protons) from the rounded atomic weight.
What is an isotope?
This is referred to as atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore have different physical properties.
They can be found using mass through mass spectrometry but the method of subtracting the atomic number (the number of protons) from the rounded atomic weight can also be used thereby making it the correct choice in this scenario.
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ou are determining the bud for magic mouthwash, a simple non-sterile compound. magic mouthwash requires the mixing of three ingredients antacid liquid, lidocaine and diphenhydramine. each of these ingredients is a water containing oral formulation. what would be the bud for magic mouthwash?
The appropriate USP <795> BUD for Magic Mouthwash depends on whether it is compounded and dispensed as an oral formulation or as a mucosal formulation.
Oral formulations have a BUD of no more than 7 days and mucosal formulations have a BUD of no more than 14 days. The BUD should be determined based on the shortest expiry date of the three ingredients that make up Magic Mouthwash, as well as the conditions of storage.
Additionally, the specific conditions of storage such as temperature, humidity, and light can also affect the BUD of the mouthwash. It is recommended to consult the manufacturers of the active ingredients to determine the appropriate BUD for Magic Mouthwash.
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Hello please help me with this question
1. Draw the following organic compounds:
a. Propanone
b. Butanoic acid
c. Methyl Propanoate
Propanone is a ketone with skelton CH₃COCH₃. Butanoic acid is a 4 carbon carboxylic acid and methyl propanoate is an ester as given un the image.
What are ketones ?Ketones are organic compounds having the functional group of CO. Propanone is a ketone with three carbons including the CO group. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing COOH group.
Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with 4 carbon atoms including the carbon atom in the COOH group. Carboxylic acids are different in properties from the inorganic acids.
Esters are formed by the reaction of acids with alcohol with the functional group COOR, where R can be any alkyl group. Methyl propanoate is an ester with 4 carbon atoms.
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how much heat is needed to change 22 g of water at 20∘c 20 ∘ c into water vapor at the boiling point?
7413.32 J much heat is needed to change 22 g of water at 20∘C into water vapor at the boiling point i.e. 100∘C.
To determine the amount of heat required to change 22 grams of water at 20°C into water vapor at the boiling point, we need to consider the following steps:
1. Heat the water from 20°C to 100°C to turn it into steam at the boiling point
2. Add the heat of vaporization to turn the steam into water vapor
Let's first calculate the heat required to raise the temperature of the water from 20°C to 100°C.
We can use the equation:-
Q = mcΔT,
here Q is heat added,
m is mass of water,
c is specific heat capacity of water,
and ΔT is change in temperature.
Hence,
=> Q = m x c x ΔT
= 22 g x 4.184 J/g°C x (100°C - 20°C)
= 7363.6 J
Next, let's calculate the heat of vaporization of water. The heat of vaporization of water is the amount of heat required to turn water into steam or water vapor at the boiling point. The heat of vaporization of water is approximately 40.7 kJ/mol.
The molecular wt. of H2O is 18 g/mol,
The heat of vaporization per gram is
= 40.7 kJ/mol x 1 g/mol / 18 g/mol
= 2.26 J/g.
Hence,
=> Q_vap = m x q_vap
= 22 g x 2.26 J/g
= 49.72 J
Therefore, the total amount of heat required to change 22 grams of water at 20°C into water vapor at the boiling point is
= Q + Q_vap
= 7363.6 J + 49.72 J
= 7413.32 J.
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Which pieces of evidence support the three gas laws? In three to five sentences, explain your answer.
The three gas laws are Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. Each of these laws are supported by a variety of empirical evidence.
Which pieces of evidence support the three gas laws?Boyle's law addresses the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas and states that the product of pressure and volume is constant. This principle is supported by evidence that shows that when the volume of a gas is decreased, the pressure of the gas increases.Charles' law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant. This principle is supported by evidence that shows that when the temperature of a gas is increased, its volume increases.The ideal gas law states that the pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are all related. This principle is supported by evidence that shows that when the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases and its temperature increases.In summary, the three gas laws are each supported by empirical evidence. Boyle's Law is supported by observations of a gas-filled syringe, Charles' Law is supported by observations of a gas-filled flask heated over a flame, and Gay-Lussac's Law is supported by observations of a gas-filled balloon.To learn more about The three gas laws refer to:
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Assume you have a mixture that is 20% acetone, 45% cyclohexane, and 35% dimethyl carbonate. Match the chemical shifts to the compounds.Group of answer choicesAcetone[ Choose ] 7.2 ppm 3.8 ppm 0 ppm 2.2 ppm 1.4 ppmCyclohexane[ Choose ] 7.2 ppm 3.8 ppm 0 ppm 2.2 ppm 1.4 ppmDimethyl carbonate[ Choose ] 7.2 ppm 3.8 ppm 0 ppm 2.2 ppm 1.4 ppmContinue analyzing this 20% acetone, 45% cyclohexane, and 35% dimethyl carbonate mixture. If the acetone peak is set to an integration of exactly 1, then what will the integration be for the dimethyl carbonate peak?
The chemical shift in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy refers to the atomic nucleus' resonant frequency in relation to a standard in a magnetic field. Thus, option A is correct.
What are the chemical shifts to the compounds?Today, the emphasis will be on particular chemical shift areas that are typical of the most prevalent functional groups in organic chemistry.
The primary areas of the 1 H NMR spectrum and the ppm values for protons in various functional groups are listed below: The units are expressed in parts per million, and the energy axis is known as a (delta) axis (ppm).
Indeed, they depend on the orientation of the molecule with regard to the external magnetic field because they have three major values along orthogonal axes.
Therefore, The location and quantity of chemical changes frequently serve as diagnostic indicators of molecular structure.
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The chemical shift in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy refers to the atomic nucleus' resonant frequency in relation to a standard in a magnetic field. Thus, option A is correct.
What are the chemical shifts to the compounds?Today, the emphasis will be on particular chemical shift areas that are typical of the most prevalent functional groups in organic chemistry.
The primary areas of the 1 H NMR spectrum and the ppm values for protons in various functional groups are listed below: The units are expressed in parts per million, and the energy axis is known as a (delta) axis (ppm).
Indeed, they depend on the orientation of the molecule with regard to the external magnetic field because they have three major values along orthogonal axes.
Therefore, The location and quantity of chemical changes frequently serve as diagnostic indicators of molecular structure.
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10.0 grams of copper sulfate are combined with 10.0 grams of aluminum.
3 CuSO4 + 2 Al --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu
What is the limiting reactant? (just pick 1 product to convert each reactant to- just make sure the product converted to is the same for both reactants.)
Answer:
To determine the limiting reactant, we first need to calculate how many moles of each reactant we have. We can use the molar mass of each reactant to convert the given mass to moles.
For copper sulfate:
10.0 g CuSO4 / 159.61 g/mol = 0.0628 moles
For aluminum:
10.0 g Al / 26.98 g/mol = 0.371 moles
Next, we need to use the coefficients from the balanced chemical equation to convert the moles of each reactant to the moles of one of the products. In this case, we will convert the moles of each reactant to moles of Al2(SO4)3.
From the balanced equation:
3 moles CuSO4 = 1 mole Al2(SO4)3
2 moles Al = 1 mole Al2(SO4)3
Therefore, to find the moles of Al2(SO4)3 that can be produced from 0.0628 moles of CuSO4 and 0.371 moles of Al, we divide each value by the respective coefficients from the balanced equation:
0.0628 moles CuSO4 / 3 = 0.0210 moles Al2(SO4)3
0.371 moles Al / 2 = 0.185 moles Al2(SO4)3
Here, 0.185 moles Al2(SO4)3 is the limiting reactant as it is the lowest amount of one of the products that can be formed by converting both reactants. Therefore, the limiting reactant is Aluminum.
