j. b. watson suggested that people learn phobias by pairing a stimulus with an unpleasant experience. what is a weakness of that hypothesis?

Answers

Answer 1

A weakness of J.B. Watson's hypothesis is that it doesn't account for the fact that some people develop phobias without experiencing a direct negative experience with the feared object or situation.

This weakness is that there may be other factors at play, such as social learning or genetic predisposition. Additionally, some phobias may develop gradually over time through repeated exposure to a feared stimulus rather than a single negative experience.

Watson's hypothesis is based on classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unpleasant experience, leading to a phobic response. However, this hypothesis fails to consider the role of cognitive factors, such as irrational thoughts and beliefs, which can contribute to phobia development.

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Related Questions

Interlibrary Loan (ILL) is an important service offered by research libraries. For each of the following, indicate whether the statement about Interlibrary Loan is true or false:
ILL allows you to borrow items from other libraries for a fee
ILL is an example of libraries working together to keep costs down
The ILL service can be used by ISU undergrad students
ILL materials are open access for use worldwide

Answers

ILL allows borrowing from other libraries for a fee, and is an example of libraries working together.

Interlibrary Loan (ILL) is a service offered by research libraries that allows patrons to borrow materials from other libraries. It is true that ILL may require a fee for borrowing items from other libraries.

ILL is also an example of libraries working together to keep costs down.

Through ILL, libraries can share their resources, which reduces the need to purchase multiple copies of the same item. However, not all libraries offer ILL services to undergraduate students.

ILL materials are not open access for use worldwide, as there are copyright and licensing restrictions that may limit access.
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Students reading years behind grade level to students reading years ahead are described by the same broad term ___________.
a. Gifted and talented students
b. Learners with disabilities
c. Average and regular students
d. Exceptional learners

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The general phrase "Exceptional learners" is used to describe readers who are years behind grade level and readers who are years ahead.  

"Exceptional learners" is a term used to describe students who outperform the norm in terms of their academic performance, behavior, or physical, sensory, or emotional demands.

This applies to those who are gifted and talented, those who have learning disabilities, and those who read at or above grade level.

Teachers can use this idea to help them concentrate on the particular needs and strengths of each student rather of just categorizing individuals based on their perceived strengths or limitations.

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she always makes mistakes when called on to do homework in front of the class, and this just proves to her that her fears are justified. which statement best describes an aspect of xiomei's avoidant personality disorder?

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Xiomei's fear of making mistakes in front of the class is a common symptom of avoidant personality disorder, which is characterized by an intense fear of rejection, criticism, or humiliation.

This fear often leads individuals with avoidant personality disorder to avoid social situations, including public speaking or participating in group activities, in order to avoid potential embarrassment or shame. Xiomei's belief that her mistakes prove her fears to be justified is also consistent with the negative self-image and self-doubt that often accompany this disorder.

Individuals with APD often go to great lengths to avoid situations where they may face scrutiny, embarrassment, or rejection. This can lead to missed opportunities for personal growth and hinder their ability to develop and maintain fulfilling relationships.

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if dr. phil were a licensed psychologist, would he be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on television?

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If Dr. Phil were a licensed psychologist, he would be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on television, as long as he adheres to the ethical guidelines and principles established by his licensing board.

As a licensed psychologist, Dr. Phil would be bound by ethical principles and standards that require him to maintain confidentiality, obtain informed consent, and provide competent services.

However, offering advice on television may present unique challenges and considerations related to informed consent, confidentiality, and the potential for harm. Therefore, Dr. Phil would need to take steps to ensure that his television advice adheres to ethical standards and guidelines.

This could include obtaining informed consent from participants, using pseudonyms or other measures to protect confidentiality, and avoiding making statements that could cause harm.

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age-related changes in the structures associated with hearing can result in all except which of the following? group of answer choices decreased ability to hear lower-pitch sounds difficulty in distinguishing extreme ranges of sound decreased ability to hear high-frequency consonant sounds increasing difficulty maintaining balance

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Age-related changes in the structures associated with hearing can result in a variety of challenges, but increasing difficulty maintaining balance is not typically one of them. Instead, the other options listed can all be potential outcomes of such changes.

For example, decreased ability to hear lower-pitch sounds is often a result of age-related hearing loss, as is difficulty in distinguishing extreme ranges of sound. Additionally, many people experience decreased ability to hear high-frequency consonant sounds as they age, which can make it challenging to communicate effectively in certain situations. Overall, these changes can be frustrating and can impact an individual's quality of life, but there are many interventions and strategies available to help mitigate the effects of age-related hearing loss and promote better communication and balance.
Age-related changes in the structures associated with hearing can result in various hearing issues, but not all the mentioned effects are related to these changes. The age-related hearing changes include difficulty in distinguishing extreme ranges of sound, decreased ability to hear high-frequency consonant sounds, and increasing difficulty maintaining balance. These issues arise due to the degeneration of the inner ear structures, such as hair cells, and the auditory nerve, which become less effective in transmitting sound signals to the brain.

However, one effect that is not associated with age-related hearing changes is the decreased ability to hear lower-pitch sounds. Age-related hearing loss, known as presbycusis, is primarily characterized by difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds rather than low-frequency sounds. Therefore, the decreased ability to hear lower-pitch sounds is not a typical result of age-related changes in hearing structures.

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when using the emergency response guidebook (erg), once the material and guide number have been identified, appropriate response actions are located in which section?

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When using the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG), once the material and guide number have been identified, appropriate response actions are located in the "Orange Section" of the guidebook.

Here are the steps you would typically follow when using the ERG:

1. Identify the hazardous material using the material's name, ID number, or characteristics. This information can be found in the "Yellow" or "Blue" sections of the ERG.
2. Determine the guide number associated with the identified material. This number is typically found next to the material's name or ID number.
3. Locate the appropriate response actions in the "Orange Section" of the ERG by referring to the guide number you found in the previous step.

By following these steps, you can ensure that you're taking the appropriate response actions when dealing with hazardous materials according to the Emergency Response Guidebook.

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From the following, select reasons why voter turnout will likely be higher in competitive two-party system.
- Voters believe their votes will "count".
- Parties work harder to turn out the vote.
- Voters will be more likely to participate in grassroots political organizations.
- Lack of party competition
- federal government intervention.

Answers

There are many reasons why voter turnout will likely be higher in a competitive two-party system. All the resons are clearly mentioned below.



1. Voters believe their votes will "count": In a competitive two-party system, voters are more likely to believe that their vote will make a difference in the election outcome, as the competition between the two parties is close.

2. Parties work harder to turn out the vote: In a competitive two-party system, parties will put more effort into mobilizing their supporters to vote, as the outcome of the election will depend on voter turnout.

3. Voters will be more likely to participate in grassroots political organizations: In a competitive two-party system, voters are more likely to participate in grassroots political organizations, as they want to help their party win the election.

4. Lack of party competition: The lack of party competition can lead to a sense of apathy among voters, which can result in lower voter turnout.

5. Federal government intervention: The federal government can implement policies that can increase voter turnout, such as making voting more accessible or providing incentives for people to vote. However, this is not necessarily linked to a two-party system.

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psychologists have wondered whether certain discipline techniques are more effective in some cultures than others. overall, what has this research shown?

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Research on discipline techniques in different cultures has shown that the effectiveness of these techniques varies depending on the cultural context.

Studies have found that certain discipline techniques that are effective in one culture may not work as well in another. For example, authoritarian discipline (e.g., strict rules and punishment) may be more effective in some cultures where obedience and respect for authority are highly valued, while it may not work as well in cultures where independence and autonomy are emphasized.

On the other hand, more gentle and responsive discipline techniques (e.g., reasoning and explanation) may be more effective in cultures that value emotional expression and communication.

However, it is important to note that cultural values and beliefs are complex and diverse, and cannot be simply categorized into a single discipline style. In addition, other factors such as parenting style, child temperament, and the context of the situation also play a role in the effectiveness of discipline techniques.

Overall, the research suggests that understanding the cultural context is important in selecting and implementing effective discipline techniques, and that a flexible and responsive approach may be most effective in promoting positive behavior in children.

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what are the challenges of policing democratic societies?what are the challenges of policing democratic societies?what are the challenges of policing democratic societies?

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The challenges of policing democratic societies are complex and multifaceted. Some of the main challenges include: Balancing individual rights and public safety, Maintaining public trust, Addressing issues of diversity and inclusion and Responding to new and emerging threats.

The challenges of policing democratic societies are numerous and complex. Among the most significant challenges are:

Balancing individual rights and public safety: Individual rights are highly valued in democratic nations, and police officers must balance the necessity for public safety with the preservation of individual rights. Maintaining public trust: Democratic societies rely on public trust in law enforcement services, which can be eroded by incidences of police misbehaviour or disproportionate use of force. Addressing diversity and inclusion issues: Democratic societies are varied, and police officers must be able to work effectively with people from diverse backgrounds. Responding to new and emerging threats: Terrorism, cybercrime, and organised crime are all risks that democratic countries face.

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which of the following geographic concepts can be identified using information evident in the image? responses cultural diffusion cultural diffusion acculturation acculturation forced migration forced migration sequent occupance sequent occupance cultural relativism

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Based solely on the information evident in the image, the geographic concept that can be identified is cultural diffusion. Cultural diffusion refers to the spread and exchange of cultural elements, such as ideas, beliefs, customs, and technologies, between different societies or regions. In the image, if there are visible signs of diverse cultural elements or influences coexisting within a particular area, it suggests the occurrence of cultural diffusion.

The image may depict various cultural symbols, languages, clothing styles, architectural designs, or religious practices that represent the merging or blending of different cultures. This amalgamation can be a result of interactions, trade, migration, or colonization between different groups over time. The concepts of acculturation and forced migration cannot be definitively identified based on the image alone. Acculturation refers to the process of cultural change that occurs when one culture adopts or assimilates elements from another culture. Forced migration refers to the movement of people due to coercion or external factors, which cannot be determined solely by visual observation. Sequent occupance, a concept associated with cultural and historical layers in a specific location, cannot be deduced from the image. Similarly, cultural relativism, which involves understanding and evaluating cultural practices within their own cultural context, cannot be directly inferred from visual information alone.

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mc qu. 24 natasha is russian, and she thinks that all ... natasha is russian, and she thinks that all americans are the same: hard-working, dishonest, and greedy. what concept is natasha demonstrating? multiple choice outgroup homogeneity effect humane orientation cultural assimilation performance orientation projected cognitive similarity

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Natasha is demonstrating the outgroup homogeneity effect, which is the tendency to perceive members of an outgroup (in this case, Americans) as more similar to each other than members of one's own ingroup.

This concept is based on the idea that we tend to categorize people into groups and view those in our own group as diverse individuals with unique personalities and characteristics. However, we may view members of other groups as more homogeneous, or similar to each other, based on stereotypes and limited exposure to them.

Natasha's belief that all Americans are hard-working, dishonest, and greedy is likely based on stereotypes and limited exposure to a diverse range of Americans. The outgroup homogeneity effect can lead to prejudice and discrimination, as individuals may unfairly judge and generalize about members of a particular group based on limited information or stereotypes. It is important to recognize and challenge our own biases and assumptions about other groups in order to promote intercultural understanding and harmony.

To overcome the outgroup homogeneity effect, it is important to recognize that all individuals are unique and cannot be generalized based on their group membership. We should strive to interact with members of different groups in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their culture and experiences. It is also important to challenge our own assumptions and biases about different groups and to treat everyone with respect and fairness. By doing so, we can promote intercultural understanding and create a more inclusive society.

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select all that apply which of the following impacts how people are socialized? multiple select question. dreams experienced in deep sleep as children. the way they talked to other children as children. the societal expectations they learned as children. conversations held with adults as adults.

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The impacts of how people are socialized includes all options except Dreams experienced in deep sleep as children.

The societal expectations they learned as children and conversations held with adults as adults impact how people are socialized.

Dreams experienced in deep sleep as children and the way they talked to other children as children may have an impact on a person's development, but they are not direct factors in socialization.

Dreams experienced in deep sleep as children are not known to directly impact socialization.

Hence, the impacts how people are socialized include-

The way they talked to other children as children.The societal expectations they learned as children.Conversations held with adults as adults.

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The complete question is

Select all the factors that influence how people are socialized. This is a multiple-select question. Please choose all applicable options:

A) Dreams experienced in deep sleep as children.

B) The way they interacted with other children as children.

C) The societal expectations they learned as children.

D) Conversations held with adults as adults.

a health psychologist who is using biofeedback with a patient is most likely treating _____.

Answers

A health psychologist who is using biofeedback with a patient is most likely treating stress-related conditions.

Biofeedback is a technique that helps individuals learn to control involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension. It involves attaching sensors to the body to monitor physiological responses and providing real-time feedback to the individual.

By receiving this information, individuals can learn to control their bodily responses and reduce symptoms associated with stress-related conditions such as anxiety, chronic pain, and headaches.

Health psychologists are trained professionals who specialize in the intersection of psychology and health. They study the ways in which psychological, social, and behavioral factors impact physical health and illness.

Health psychologists work with individuals to help them make lifestyle changes, cope with chronic illness, and manage stress-related conditions. Biofeedback is just one of the many techniques that health psychologists use to promote health and well-being.

In conclusion, a health psychologist who is using biofeedback with a patient is most likely treating stress-related conditions by helping the patient to learn to control their involuntary bodily functions. Biofeedback is a powerful tool that can help individuals improve their physical and mental health and live more fulfilling lives.

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wanda tends to give more positive performance reviews to the women in her department than the men, even though everyone's performance is roughly the same. this is an example of .

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gender bias in performance evaluations. Gender bias refers to the unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender.

in this case, Wanda is showing a bias towards the women in her department by giving them more positive performance reviews than the men, despite similar performance levels. This can have negative consequences for the men in the department who may not receive the same opportunities for advancement or recognition as their female counterparts. It is important for managers to recognize and address any gender biases they may have in order to ensure fairness and equality in the workplace.

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risk factors for cognitive disorders are primarily biological, but environmental risk factors may also play a part in the areas of

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A person with a mood disorder simply has imbalanced and incorrect emotions. This form of psychiatric condition is often characterised by protracted bouts of excessive happiness or melancholy. The correct answer is A.biological factors.

Some of the elements that could be contributing factors to a mood disorder include the following All of the aforementioned factors with the exception of religious factors are potential causes for a mood disorder, including biological, psychological, environmental, and so forth.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a cognitive health condition that is brought on by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying incident. Flashbacks, demons, intense anxiety, and irrational thoughts about the affair are all possible warning signs. All of the following, with the exception of biological, may contribute to somatoform disorders' aetiology. A person with somatoform disorder, a mental health condition, exhibits physical symptoms as a result of emotional distress. Somatoform disorders are more common in families with a pessimistic or nervous mentality.

Complete question:

risk factors for cognitive disorders are primarily biological, but environmental risk factors may also play a part in the areas of

A.biological factors

B. risk factors

C. environmental causes

D. psychological causes

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There are very few semantic memory studies in individuals with lower-functioning autism

true/fale

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The statement "there are very few semantic memory studies in individuals with lower-functioning autism" is true.

This is an area that requires further research to better understand the cognitive processes and memory functioning in this population.

Tailoring Interventions: Investigating semantic memory in this population can provide valuable insights for developing targeted interventions and educational strategies.

By understanding the strengths and challenges individuals with lower-functioning autism may face in acquiring, organizing, and retrieving semantic information, educators and therapists can design interventions that optimize learning and communication.

Enhancing Communication: Semantic memory plays a crucial role in language comprehension and expression. Exploring how semantic memory operates in individuals with lower-functioning autism can help identify specific difficulties they may encounter in understanding and using language effectively.

This knowledge can guide the development of communication interventions and support systems tailored to their unique needs.

Identifying Cognitive Profiles: By studying semantic memory in individuals with lower-functioning autism, researchers can gain insights into the cognitive profiles associated with this population.

Understanding how semantic memory functioning relates to other cognitive domains, such as executive functions or social cognition, can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the strengths and challenges individuals with lower-functioning autism may exhibit.

Informing Diagnostic Criteria: Research on semantic memory in lower-functioning autism can contribute to refining diagnostic criteria and improving the accuracy of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessments.

By identifying specific cognitive patterns or markers related to semantic memory functioning, clinicians can enhance the diagnostic process and increase its validity and reliability.

Advancing Theoretical Knowledge: Conducting studies on semantic memory in lower-functioning autism contributes to the broader theoretical understanding of autism and cognition.

It helps to refine existing theories and models of autism by providing empirical evidence regarding the cognitive processes involved in semantic memory and how they may differ in individuals with lower-functioning autism compared to typically developing individuals or those with higher-functioning autism.

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mario buys tide laundry detergent because his mother always bought tide for her family when she was growing up. this is an example of

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Mario's decision to buy Tide laundry detergent based on his mother's previous purchasing habits is an example of the influence of family on consumer behavior.

Family is one of the primary socialization agents and plays a crucial role in shaping the attitudes, values, and preferences of an individual. Mario has learned from his mother that Tide is a trustworthy and effective detergent brand, and he trusts her judgment because he has grown up using it.

This phenomenon is called family influence or familial socialization, and it can occur through a variety of ways such as direct communication, observation, and modeling. Family members serve as reference groups for each other, and their opinions and behaviors can influence the purchase decisions of other family members. Family members share similar values and lifestyles, and they tend to prefer the same brands and products.

Mario's decision to buy Tide is an example of the power of family influence in shaping consumer behavior. It highlights the importance of socialization agents such as family in determining consumer preferences and behavior.

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6. what kind of prayer is found in nehemiah 9 and how does it contrast god and the people?

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The prayer found in Nehemiah 9 is a confession prayer, where the people of Israel confess their sins and acknowledge God's faithfulness throughout their history.

The prayer contrasts God's holiness and righteousness with the people's disobedience and rebellion. The people recognize their own unworthiness and ask for God's mercy and forgiveness. They also acknowledge God's graciousness and love towards them despite their disobedience. Overall, the prayer emphasizes the need for repentance and reliance on God's grace and mercy.

Overall, the prayer in Nehemiah 9 is a powerful expression of confession, repentance, and praise, and it demonstrates the Israelites' deep awareness of their sinfulness and their dependence on God's mercy and grace.

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A high school water polo player who just can't stand anyone who plays for the football team is showing
Discrimination
Stereotyping
Prejudice

Answers

A high school water polo player who just can't stand anyone who plays for the football team is showing "Prejudice."



"Prejudice" refers to a preconceived negative judgment or opinion about a person or group based on their perceived characteristics or membership in a certain group. In this case, the water polo player is prejudiced against football players without considering their individual qualities.

Discrimination, on the other hand, is the unfair treatment of individuals or groups based on their perceived characteristics or membership in a certain group. Stereotyping is a simplified and generalized belief about a group of people, often leading to unfair assumptions about individuals belonging to that group.

In this situation, the water polo player is not necessarily treating football players unfairly (discrimination) or making general assumptions about them (stereotyping), but they hold a negative judgment against them (prejudice).

Therefore, the correct option is "Prejudice".

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What type of politics involves benefits that are enjoyed by a select group of individuals but the costs are distributed among many

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Interest groups politics involves benefits that are enjoyed by a select group of individuals but the costs are distributed among many.

A special interest group is a community within a larger organisation that has a common goal of improving a particular field of knowledge, learning, or technology. Members work together to influence or generate solutions in their particular field and may communicate, gather in person, and plan conferences.

This group is the real one since everyone in it works together to achieve the group's common objectives. For instance, if the group's goal was to ensure that the armed forces of that country were established in a smaller nation, they would strive towards that goal knowing full well that they would ultimately benefit.

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The following programs were all part of the original Social Security Act of 1935:

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The original Social Security Act of 1935 included several key programs, such as:

Old-Age Insurance (OAI): Provided financial support to retired workers aged 65 or older.Unemployment Insurance (UI): Offered financial assistance to eligible workers who had lost their jobs.Aid to Dependent Children (ADC): Provided financial assistance to families with children lacking financial support from a parent.Old-Age Assistance (OAA): Offered financial aid to elderly individuals who did not qualify for the OAI program.Grants to States for Medical Assistance Programs: Provided funding for states to create their own medical assistance programs for low-income individuals.

These programs aimed to provide financial security and assistance to various segments of the population, addressing issues related to retirement, unemployment, and family support.

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each week control inspectors at mcheinz inc. randomly select items from an assembly line for inspection and compliment the workers for every product that meets their expectations on quality. however, they vary the number of items they inspect each time. this motivates the employees to put in more effort to ensure that all the items are of the required quality. which reinforcement schedule are the quality control inspectors using? group of answer choices variable-fixed variable-interval fixed-ratio fixed-interval variable-ratio

Answers

The quality control inspectors at Mcheinz Inc. are using a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule.

A variable-ratio reinforcement schedule is a type of reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a varying number of responses. In this case, the number of items inspected varies each time, so the reinforcement (compliments to workers) is provided after a variable number of responses (number of items inspected). This type of reinforcement schedule is known to be highly effective in motivating behavior and is often used in workplaces to increase productivity and performance. By randomly varying the number of items inspected, the quality control inspectors at Mcheinz Inc. are using a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule to motivate employees to put in more effort and ensure that all the items are of the required quality.

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new zealand's original human population probably arrived about ________ years ago from ________.

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New Zealand's original human population probably arrived about 800-1,000 years ago from Polynesia.The Polynesians, who were skilled navigators and seafarers, are believed to have migrated to New Zealand by navigating across the Pacific Ocean in large double-hulled canoes.

The exact timing and nature of this migration is still a matter of some debate among archaeologists and historians, but it is generally agreed that the Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand were the ancestors of the Māori people who live there today.New Zealand's original human population is believed to have arrived from Polynesia, an area that encompasses many islands in the central and southern Pacific Ocean, including Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, and many others.

These people are referred to as Polynesians, who were skilled navigators and seafarers, known for their ability to traverse long distances across the open ocean using only the stars, currents, and other natural features.The exact timing and nature of this migration is still a matter of some debate among archaeologists and historians. However, it is generally agreed that the Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand were the ancestors of the Māori people who live there today. These early Polynesian settlers brought with them a rich cultural heritage, including unique customs, language, and traditions that have been passed down through generations.

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behaviorists like john watson assumed that an individual’s personality consists of a repertoire of learned ________.

Answers

Behaviorists like John Watson assumed that an individual's personality consists of a repertoire of learned "behaviors."

Behaviorists focus on observable behaviors and believe that personality traits and characteristics are acquired through learning and conditioning processes. According to behaviorism, individuals' behaviors are influenced by their environment, experiences, and the consequences of their actions.

Watson, one of the key figures in behaviorism, emphasized the importance of environmental factors in shaping behavior. He believed that individuals' personalities were not innate but rather formed through the learning of specific behaviors in response to external stimuli.

Behaviorists view behavior as a result of conditioning processes, including classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Through these processes, individuals learn associations between stimuli and responses or between behaviors and their consequences.

As a result, individuals develop a repertoire of learned behaviors that make up their observable personality.

In this perspective, an individual's personality is not considered to be a fixed or inherent trait but rather a collection of behaviors that have been acquired and shaped over time.

The emphasis is on understanding and modifying behaviors through conditioning processes rather than focusing on internal mental processes or innate personality traits.

Therefore, according to behaviorists like John Watson, an individual's personality consists of a repertoire of learned behaviors that have been acquired and shaped through environmental influences and conditioning processes.

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the every student succeeds law enacted by congress in 2015 group of answer choices returned control for school performance to the federal government and outlawed any attempts by state governments to disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity. returned control for school performance to the federal government but created a new requirement that schools disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity. returned control for school performance to state governments but maintained the federal requirement that schools disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity. returned control for school performance to state governments but outlawed the federal requirement that schools disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity.

Answers

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) enacted by Congress in 2015 "returned control for school performance to state governments but maintained the federal requirement that schools disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity." Therefore the correct option is option B.

The ESSA superseded the No Child Left Behind Act, which gave the federal government a strong role in establishing educational policies and standards. The ESSA attempted to provide states more power and flexibility in selecting how they would fulfil federal education standards while yet retaining some federal monitoring and accountability.

The mandate that schools disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity was one of the primary provisions of the ESSA, which was meant to ensure that all kids received an equitable education. Therefore the correct option is option B.

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which of the following types of societies typically has the least amount of social stratification sociology?
A. biotech
B. pastoral and horticultural
C. postindustrial
D. hunting and gathering

Answers

In sociology, hunting and gathering societies often have the lowest levels of social stratification.

In these civilizations, there is frequently minimal distinction in income or position, and social tasks and responsibilities are frequently quite equal.

This is thus because the primary sources of income in these communities are subsistence-level hunting, fishing, and gathering, which do not provide significant surpluses or permit the building of wealth.

In terms of social stratification, hunting and gathering societies often had the lowest levels.

Resource sharing is more common in communities where social norms and traditions forbid the building of social hierarchies or the accumulating's of riches.

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the expansion of office work marks the growth of the economy's ________

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The expansion of office work marks the growth of the economy's tertiary sector.

The economy is divided into three broad sectors: the primary sector, which includes industries such as agriculture, mining, and forestry, the secondary sector, which includes industries such as manufacturing and construction of goods, and the tertiary sector, which includes industries such as finance, healthcare, education, and office work.

Office work is a service industry that provides administrative, managerial, and clerical assistance to businesses and organisations. The demand for office work expands as the economy grows and becomes more complex, as firms want more support to manage their operations and meet the expectations of their consumers.

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Which of the following are arguments former legislators make to defend taking lobbying jobs after leaving office?
a. They are in the best position to educate legislators.
b. They are public servants who do not personally profit from their backgrounds
c. They possess unique knowledge.
d. They have a right to make a living.

Answers

Former legislators commonly make arguments (a), (c), and (d) to defend taking lobbying jobs after leaving office. The correct options are a, c and d.

Some of these arguments include:

They are in the best position to educate legislators: Former legislators often argue that their experience in office and knowledge of the legislative process make them uniquely qualified to educate current legislators on complex issues.They are public servants who do not personally profit from their backgrounds: Some former legislators argue that they are simply using their expertise and connections to advocate for causes they believe in, rather than personally profiting from their backgrounds.They possess unique knowledge: Former legislators may argue that their experience in government gives them valuable insights into the inner workings of the legislative process, which can be useful to clients seeking to influence policy.They have a right to make a living: Finally, former legislators may argue that they have a right to pursue any legal profession they choose, including lobbying, and that they should not be criticized for seeking employment after leaving public office.

The correct options are a, c and d.

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FILL IN THE BLANK. when a bill comes to the floor of the u.s. house under ________, it cannot be amended.

Answers

When a bill comes to the floor of the U.S. House under a closed rule, it cannot be amended.

A closed rule is a procedure used by the House of Representatives to limit or eliminate the ability of representatives to offer amendments to a bill during floor consideration. Under a closed rule, the bill is presented for a straight up-or-down vote without any amendments. The use of closed rules is controversial because it restricts the ability of representatives to have a say in the legislation.

It can also limit debate and discussion on the bill, potentially limiting the amount of information and perspective that is taken into consideration. The decision to use a closed rule is made by the House Rules Committee, which is responsible for setting the terms of debate for each bill before it comes to the House floor. The Rules Committee can also set the terms of debate through an open rule, which allows for amendments to be offered and debated on the floor.

Overall, the use of closed rules is an important tool for the House of Representatives to manage the legislative process, but it can also limit the democratic representation of the people by stifling open debate and limiting the ability of elected officials to propose and incorporate changes to bills that they believe will better serve their constituents.

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which of the following is a prerequisite for effective leadership? group of answer choices low tolerance toward diversity high levels of coercive powers belief in the dictatorship style of leadership high standards of ethical conduct belief in ethnocentrism

Answers

Out of the given options, the prerequisite for effective leadership is:- C. high standards of ethical conduct.

Why is it important?

This characteristic is important for leaders to gain trust, maintain integrity, and create a positive work environment. This means that a leader must have a strong moral compass and be guided by ethical principles in their decision-making and actions.

Having a belief in ethnocentrism, a dictatorship style of leadership, or using coercive powers can actually hinder effective leadership by creating a negative and oppressive work environment that limits creativity and productivity.

Additionally, low tolerance toward diversity can prevent a leader from building a diverse and inclusive team that can bring a variety of perspectives and ideas to the table.

Hence, it can be concluded that high standards of ethical conduct is a prerequisite for effective leadership.

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The complete question is

What is a necessary requirement for effective leadership? Please select the option that best applies:

A) Low tolerance toward diversity

B) High levels of coercive powers

C) Belief in the dictatorship style of leadership

D) High standards of ethical conduct

E) Belief in ethnocentrism

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