The dependent and independent variables for this scenario would be :
Dependent variable: total number of ferry ridesIndependent variable: Cost per ride How to find the variables ?The dependent variable is the quantity or value that depends on another variable. Here, the dependent variable is the total number of ferry rides Jewels can take with her $6.75.
The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter or is naturally occurring and believed to influence the dependent variable. In this case, the independent variable is the cost per ride, which is $0.45.
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Solve the following assignment problem (i.e., five jobs are to be assigned to five different machines) and find the optimal cost value. the cost matrix is given below: 213 8 15 13 18 13 4 19 7 12 22 12 20 19 10 3 10 bois 21 17 12 5 19 16 21
The assignment problem is a fundamental optimization problem that finds the best matching between two sets of items. In this problem, we will assign five jobs to five machines. We will use the Hungarian algorithm to solve this problem. The optimal cost value will be determined by finding the minimum cost assignment.
The cost matrix is given below:21381513181341341971222121910310bois2117125191621First, we subtract the minimum value in each row from each element in that row. This operation is called row reduction. After that, we subtract the minimum value in each column from each element in that column. This operation is called column reduction. We get the following matrix: 205 0 7 5 10 8 0 15 3 8 10 0 8 7 0 3 0 bois 12 8 3 -4 10 7 12Now we can see that the minimum number of lines needed to cover all the zeros is five.
Since there are only five zeros, this means we can assign each job to a machine without any conflicts. Thus, we get the optimal assignment with a cost of 10. The optimal assignment is as follows: Job 1 to Machine 2Job 2 to Machine 3Job 3 to Machine 5Job 4 to Machine 1Job 5 to Machine 4
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The right of the buyer to reject, adjust, or replace nonconforming goods is defined as the right to cure under the UCC. True False
The statement "The right of the buyer to reject, adjust, or replace nonconforming goods is defined as the right to cure under the UCC" is False.
The right to cure refers to the right of a seller to repair or replace a product that does not fulfill the terms of a sales agreement. It's a provision included in most sales agreements that give the seller the option to rectify a nonconformity in the product instead of canceling the agreement. The right-to-cure provision is particularly relevant in commercial transactions. In these transactions, time is of the essence, and both parties are seeking to complete the transaction as soon as possible. As a result, the right to cure is critical for resolving issues that arise during a transaction and ensuring that both parties are satisfied with the outcome. The UCC is the Uniform Commercial Code. The UCC has provisions that cover contracts for the sale of goods in the United States. It covers a wide range of subjects, including sales contracts, warranties, and the transfer of ownership of goods from the seller to the buyer.
However, the right to cure is not defined as the right of the buyer to reject, adjust, or replace nonconforming goods under the UCC. In conclusion, the statement "The right of the buyer to reject, adjust, or replace nonconforming goods is defined as the right to cure under the UCC" is false.
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The phrase "May Contain" on a food label indicates there could be ? trace amounts of an allergen. Which of the following is a Big 8 allergen ?
The Big 8 allergens are the most common food allergens that are required to be labeled on food products in many countries. These allergens include milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans.
Milk refers to the proteins found in cow's milk and includes both lactose and casein. Eggs encompass the proteins found in eggs from chickens, ducks, or other poultry. Fish includes various types of fish such as salmon, tuna, and cod. Crustacean shellfish covers shellfish like shrimp, crab, and lobster. Tree nuts encompass a range of nuts, including almonds, walnuts, and cashews. Peanuts are legumes and are not classified as tree nuts.
Wheat includes products made from wheat flour, such as bread, pasta, and cereals. Soybeans include soy products and derivatives, such as soy milk, tofu, and soy sauce. These eight allergens account for the majority of food allergies and intolerances, and their presence in food products can cause severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Proper labeling is essential to ensure that consumers with allergies can make informed choices and avoid potentially harmful ingredients.
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Complete Question : The phrase "May Contain" on a food label indicates there could be trace amounts of an allergen. Which of the following is a Big 8 allergen ? milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans.
As a Customer, state the information that you require from a
supplier and a retailer?
As a customer, there are specific types of information that you would require from both a supplier and a retailer. From a supplier, you would typically need information related to the product or service they offer, such as specifications, pricing, availability, and any relevant warranties or guarantees. From a retailer, you would typically seek information regarding their inventory, pricing, payment methods, return policies, shipping options, and customer support.
When interacting with a supplier, it is essential to gather information about the product or service itself. This includes details such as the features, specifications, and performance capabilities of the product. Additionally, you would want to know the pricing structure, any discounts or promotions available, and the availability of the product. It is also important to inquire about any warranties or guarantees provided, as well as the supplier's reputation and track record.
When dealing with a retailer, you would require information about their inventory and availability of the desired product. This includes knowing whether the item is in stock, any size or color options available, and whether it can be reserved or back-ordered. Pricing information is crucial, including any discounts, sales, or membership benefits that may apply. Understanding the accepted payment methods, such as credit cards or cash on delivery, is also important. Additionally, you would want to be aware of the retailer's return or exchange policy, shipping options, estimated delivery times, and any customer support channels available in case you have any inquiries or issues.
In summary, from a supplier, you would need information about the product or service itself, pricing, availability, and any warranties or guarantees. From a retailer, you would require information about inventory, pricing, payment methods, return policies, shipping options, and customer support. Gathering this information ensures that you have a comprehensive understanding of the product or service you are considering and the buying process
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The following information relates to a company's aggregate production planning activities:
Quarter
Demand Forecast
1
75,000
2
100,000
3
75,000
4
125,000
Beginning Workforce = 35 workers
Production per Employee = 1,250 units per quarter
Hiring Cost = $500 per worker
Firing Cost = $1,000 per worker
Inventory Carrying Cost = $20 per unit per quarter
If a chase demand strategy is used then the number of workers hired at the start of quarter 2 would be
Select one:
a. 10
b. 20
c. 35
d. 80
The chase-demand strategy is defined as a manufacturing methodology in which the production of goods aligns directly with demand.
The Correct answer is option D
Production is increased or decreased based on customer order changes, resulting in a net change in inventory of zeroChase'se strategy is where demand and supply are equated by changing the workforce size. So, we hire or lay off employees to match the actual production with demand.
In this question, we will use the chase-demand strategy since it matches the production with the actual demand.For this purpose, we have to compute the workforce needed for the next quarter i.e. quarter 2. For this, we use the formula:
Workforce needed = (Expected output - Beginning Inventory) / Production per employee,
Workforce needed for quarter 2
= (100,000 - 0) / 1,250= 80 workers
Now, we already have 35 workers in the beginning.
So, we need 80-35= 45 new workers
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"If the market equilibrium value of the nominal exchange rate equals 0.20 U.S. dollars per franc, but the franc is officially fixed at 0.25 U.S. dollars per franc, then the franc exchange rate is ____ and to maintain this exchange rate there will be ___ in the government's stock of international reserves." a.undervalued; a net decline b.undervalued; a net increase c.overvalued; a net increase d.overvalued; a net decline.
The given exchange rate system is a fixed exchange rate system in which the franc is officially fixed at 0.25 U.S. dollars per franc. In this scenario, the market equilibrium value of the nominal exchange rate equals 0.20 U.S. dollars per franc, which means that the franc is undervalued. The answer is undervalued.
The franc exchange rate is undervalued because the market equilibrium value of the nominal exchange rate is lower than the fixed exchange rate. In other words, the franc is worth less than what it should be worth based on the market demand and supply of the currency. To maintain this exchange rate, there will be a net increase in the government's stock of international reserves.
This is because the government will need to buy francs in the foreign exchange market to maintain the fixed exchange rate. If the franc is undervalued, it means that there is excess demand for the franc in the market. To meet this demand, the government will need to supply francs by selling its international reserves. However, since the franc is already fixed at 0.25 U.S. dollars per franc, the government cannot increase the supply of francs in the market. Therefore, it will need to buy francs from the market using its international reserves to maintain the fixed exchange rate. This will result in a net increase in the government's stock of international reserves.
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The following details of the working of Joseph Brick Works for the year 1998 are given to you for the purpose of ascertaining the profits from the manufacture of bricks. No, of Bricks $. Amount $. Stock on January 1 50,000 3,000 Wages 82,000 Salaries to office staff 10,000 Coke, stores, etc. 50,000 Royalty, rates and other expenses 12,500 Sales 8,00,000 1,20,000 Stock as on Dec.31, 1998 60,000 Bricks spoilt 40,000 Bricks used for construction of a new kiln 6,50,000 Wages costs for manufacture of bricks in 1998 were higher by 10% as compared to 1997, when they amounted to $. 48,000. In 1995, 13.5 lakh bricks were sold, 25,000 bricks were damaged and stock of bricks on 1-1-95 was 2.25 lakhs. $. 20,000 out of stores, wages other than for manufacture of bricks, salaries of $. 2,500, and expenses of $. 6,500 are all related to the construction of the new kiln. You are requested to ascertain the cost of the new kiln.
The total cost of construction of the new kiln in 1998 is $29,000.
The cost of the new kiln can be ascertained by taking into account the expenses related to the construction of the new kiln from the given data. Let's calculate the cost of the new kiln.
We know the following information:
Bricks spoilt = 40,000
Bricks used for the construction of a new kiln = 6,50,000
Stock on January 1 = 50,000
Stock on December 31 = 60,000
Sales = $8,00,000
Wages = $82,000
Salaries to office staff = $10,000
Coke, stores, etc. = $50,000
Royalty, rates and other expenses = $12,500
Out of the given information, $20,000 out of stores, wages other than for manufacture of bricks, salaries of $2,500, and expenses of $6,500 are all related to the construction of the new kiln. Adding these amounts:
20,000+2,500+6,500 = $29,000
This is the total cost of construction of the new kiln in 1998.Therefore, the cost of the new kiln is $29,000.
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You are part of a project team that has been invited to carry out a security audit for a small business. Small businesses are often less aware of security threats and have less time and resources to put adequate security measures and defences in place. The security audit has been completed and some of the problems identified in the report were: There are no company policies in place to monitor software updates and this often means that staff ignore update notifications. The company offers a BYOD (bring your own device) scheme for some staff allowing them to use personally owned devices at work, but no extra security checks have been implemented as part of this scheme. Staff often download data from company systems to work offline. The company has limited backup procedures in place. Rather than using individual accounts for some systems, staff use a shared account with full privileges. • Approval for new software can take time, so staff often download free software they can find on the Internet. The company is receiving a lot of spam email, which is currently not being filtered. Account deactivation for employees who have resigned is scheduled as part of an end of the month procedure. A quick survey of staff has also shown that a lot of staff are not aware that certain actions that they have been engaging in may have unintended security consequences. With reference to the issues highlighted from the security audit report above: (i) Identify four possible security threats that the company may face and should they occur are likely to result in significant loss or damage.
Four possible security threats that the company may face and should they occur that are likely to result in significant loss or damage are as follows: Ransomware attack - One of the biggest security threats to businesses is ransomware.
The company has limited backup procedures in place, and staff ignores update notifications. If a ransomware attack does occur, the company may be unable to restore their systems from backups if they have been compromised. This may cause severe damage to the company, and it may lead to a loss of customers' trust and revenue.
Theft of confidential information - As staff often download data from company systems to work offline and there are no company policies in place to monitor software updates, this creates an opportunity for hackers to steal confidential data. If the company's confidential data is stolen, it can lead to a loss of reputation and legal issues.
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Use possible IE calculations to show strategies to improve productivity.
One of the most critical aspects of running a successful business is productivity. Improving productivity can increase the company's profits and efficiency. There are many strategies to boost productivity that managers and business owners can employ.
There are a variety of IE calculations that can be used to determine the strategies to increase productivity in the workplace. These calculations include:1. Efficiency Calculation: Efficiency is one of the most critical IE calculations. It's a measure of how well a company's resources are utilized. To calculate efficiency, divide the actual output by the expected output. If the result is less than one, it implies that the company's resources are not used efficiently. Strategies to improve efficiency include:Streamlining the processes.Improving the company's supply chain management.Implementing the latest technology to speed up production times and reduce errors.2.
Capacity Calculation: Capacity is the measure of how much a company can produce in a given period. To calculate capacity, multiply the number of hours worked by the number of workers. If the result is less than the expected output, the company is underutilizing its resources. A good work environment can improve employee morale, reduce stress, and increase productivity.In conclusion, the three IE calculations and strategies discussed in this answer are just a starting point for improving productivity. Each company must identify its unique challenges and develop strategies that work for them. By continually analyzing their processes and making improvements, companies can stay ahead of the competition and succeed in the market.
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Question 4. Artists Supplies Ltd (ASL) has 1 million shares outstanding which currently trade at a price of $10. It has made a takeover offer to the shareholders of Tally Ltd. Tally Ltd has 1 million shares outstanding with a current price per share of $2.50. Assume that the takeover will occur with certainty and the market knows this. Further, there are expected synergies of $800,000 expected from the merger. a) ASL decides to make a stock offer with an exchange ratio of 0.40. Calculate the price of ASL’s shares immediately after it makes the takeover announcement. (4 marks) b) Calculate the value of the offer to Tally Ltd’s shareholders. (4 marks) c) Calculate the merger NPV, showing separately the synergies and the acquisition premium. (2 marks)
a) The price of ASL's shares immediately after the takeover announcement is $1.00.
b) The value of the offer to Tally Ltd's shareholders is $1 million.
c) The merger NPV cannot be calculated without the provided cost of capital.
a) The price of ASL's shares immediately after making the takeover announcement can be calculated by multiplying the exchange ratio by the current price of Tally Ltd's shares.
Exchange Ratio = 0.40
Current Price of Tally Ltd's Shares = $2.50
Price of ASL's Shares = Exchange Ratio * Current Price of Tally Ltd's Shares
Price of ASL's Shares = 0.40 * $2.50
Price of ASL's Shares = $1.00
Therefore, the price of ASL's shares immediately after the takeover announcement is $1.00.
b) The value of the offer to Tally Ltd's shareholders can be calculated by multiplying the exchange ratio by the current price of Tally Ltd's shares.
Exchange Ratio = 0.40
Current Price of Tally Ltd's Shares = $2.50
Value of the Offer to Tally Ltd's Shareholders = Exchange Ratio * Current Price of Tally Ltd's Shares * Number of Tally Ltd's Shares
Value of the Offer to Tally Ltd's Shareholders = 0.40 * $2.50 * 1 million
Value of the Offer to Tally Ltd's Shareholders = $1 million
Therefore, the value of the offer to Tally Ltd's shareholders is $1 million.
c) The merger NPV (Net Present Value) can be calculated by subtracting the total cost of the merger from the present value of the expected synergies.
Total Cost of the Merger = Value of the Offer to Tally Ltd's Shareholders
Total Cost of the Merger = $1 million
Present Value of the Expected Synergies = Synergies / (1 + Cost of Capital)
Synergies = $800,000
Cost of Capital is not provided in the question.
Merger NPV = Present Value of the Expected Synergies - Total Cost of the Merger
Merger NPV = ($800,000 / (1 + Cost of Capital)) - $1 million
The specific value of the merger NPV calculation depends on the provided cost of capital, which is not given in the question.
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Assume McGrainger, a supplier of MRO products, has 1600 stores distributed throughout the United States. Consider two products that the firm supplies – large electric motors and industrial cleaners. Large electric motors are high value items with low demand, while the industrial cleaners are low value items with high demand. Each motor costs $500 and each can of cleaner costs $30. Weekly demand for motors at each store is normally distributed with a mean of 20 and standard deviation of 40. Weekly demand for cleaner at each store is also normally distributed with a mean of 1000 cans and a standard deviation of 100. Demand experienced by each store is independent, and supply lead time for both products is four weeks. The firm has an annual holding cost of 25 percent. For each of the products, evaluate the reduction is safety inventory that will result if it is removed from the retail stores and carried only in a central facility. Assume a desired service level of 0.95
Introduction the inventory management is a process of ordering, handling, and storing of the products of a company.
It is essential for companies to maintain an adequate inventory level. It helps in avoiding stockouts and reduces the amount of safety stock that must be held. A safety inventory is a surplus inventory that a firm keeps to ensure against unexpected stockouts. Safety stock is the amount of stock that a firm should keep in inventory to ensure that it can meet the customer's demand with a certain level of service. In this question, we will evaluate the reduction is safety inventory that will result if the products are removed from the retail stores and carried only in a central facility.Step-by-step solution .
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The $150,000 Exemption, more correctly referred to as the "Minimum Amount Investment Exemption", applies to which of the following statements? Select one: O a. The buyer must buy as a Principal, not as an Agent for somebody else O b. The securities purchased cost at least $150,000 O C. The $150,000 may be allocated among several classes of securities of the same issuer O d. All of the above are true O e. Only a. and b. above are true The Start-up Crowdfunding Exemption is used when a company wants to issue its securities through a funding portal, such as FrontFundr or some similar platform. Which of the following statements are true with respect to the Crowdfunding Exemption? Select one: O a. The Issuer has 90 days to complete the offering O b. OC. Maximum investment per individual is $1,500 O d. All of the above are true O e. Only a. & c. above are true The Issuer can raise up to $250,000, two times per year You need to research a Canadian public company. Which of the following sites would you check to obtain all documents filed by the company with securities regulators? Select one: O a. O b. FICO O C. PEDAR O d. SEDAR EDGAR Which of the following statements are true with respect to "bought deals"? Select one: O a. The risk of a market collapse resides with the issuer, not the dealer O b. The issuer sells the entire issue to the underwriting syndicate c. The underwriter will sell the securities to the public for the same price that it paid to the issuer O d. All of the above are true O e. Only a. & c. above are true
For the first question, the correct answer is:
e. Only a. and b. above are true
For the second question, the correct answer is:
e. Only a. & c. above are true
For the third question, the correct answer is:
d. SEDAR
For the fourth question, the correct answer is:
e. Only a. & c. above are true
The "Minimum Amount Investment Exemption," often known as the "$150,000 Exemption," covers the following claims:
The buyer must purchase as a Principal, not as an Agent on behalf of another party.
a. The purchased securities were at least $150,000 in price.
The Issuer has 90 days to complete the offering in relation to the Crowdfunding Exemption.
b. Each investor may only make a total of $1,500.
The official electronic filing method used by Canadian public firms to send their paperwork to securities authorities is called SEDAR (System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval).
Regarding "bought deals":
a. The issuer, not the dealer, bears the risk of a market crash
c. The price that the underwriter paid to the issuer will be the price at which it sells the securities to the general public.
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Question 53 of 75. In which of the following scenarios are qualified educational expenses for the education credits NOT reduced? O Paige received a tax-free fellowship from Carnegie Mellon University
If option A: Paige received a tax-free fellowship from Carnegie Mellon University, qualified educational expenses for the education credits would not be reduced.
What is the educational expenses?Scholarships, grants, or fellowships are exempt from taxes when they are utilized for educational purposes, including tuition, supplies, books and fees.
Education credits, for instance, the American Opportunity Credit or the Lifetime Learning Credit, are advantageous tax incentives which can lessen the weight of higher education expenses. Usually, these credits are calculated according to the sum of tuition-related expenditures paid in the fiscal year.
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Explain break-even point: neither profit nor loss.
Explain break-even in sales revenue:
Explain variable costs for a business: connection with sales volume
Explain contribution per unit:
Write down the formula to calculate breakeven:
Find a video or a graph about breakeven: then describe the different lines in a breakeven graph
Explain why it is important for a business to break even:
Can the breakeven point change? Explain:
Break-even point can be defined as the situation in business where there is no profit or loss. At this point, the total costs are equal to the total revenue, so the company does not make any profit or experience any loss.
break-even in sales revenue: Break-even in sales revenue is the point at which the business breaks even, that is, neither profits nor incurs losses. This point can be calculated by dividing the total fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio. The contribution margin ratio is the amount of money available after variable costs are paid for each unit sold. The contribution margin ratio can be calculated by subtracting variable costs from sales and dividing the answer by sales. Explain variable costs for a business: connection with sales volume Variable costs are expenses that change in proportion to the volume of goods and services sold. These costs are directly related to the number of units produced and sold. They include the cost of materials, labor, and overhead. As sales volume increases, variable costs also increase. Explain contribution per unit: Contribution per unit is the amount of money available after variable costs have been deducted from the sale of each unit. It can be calculated by subtracting variable costs per unit from the selling price per unit. This amount contributes to covering fixed costs and earning profit. Write down the formula to calculate breakeven: The formula to calculate breakeven is as follows: Break-even point = fixed costs / (selling price per unit - variable costs per unit)Find a video or a graph about breakeven: then describe the different lines in a breakeven graph: A breakeven graph is a graphical representation of the relationship between revenue, cost, and profit. It shows the point at which the total revenue and total cost intersect.
There are two lines in a breakeven graph. The first line represents total revenue and the second line represents total cost. The point at which these two lines intersect is the break-even point. Explain why it is important for a business to break even: It is important for a business to break even because it ensures that the company is not losing money. At the break-even point, all of the fixed and variable costs have been covered, and the company is not making any profit nor experiencing any loss. This point is important because it represents the minimum level of sales that the business must achieve to be sustainable. Can the breakeven point change? Explain: Yes, the breakeven point can change. The breakeven point is affected by changes in fixed costs, variable costs, and selling price per unit. As fixed costs increase, the breakeven point increases. As variable costs increase, the breakeven point increases. As the selling price per unit increases, the breakeven point decreases. Therefore, changes in these factors can cause the breakeven point to change.
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Which of the following factors will influence the position of the long-run aggregate supply curve? Check all that apply.
The inflation rate
The price level
The size of the labour force
The amount of available natural resources
Suppose the economy produces real GDP of $60 billion when unemployment is at its natural rate. On the following graph, use the purple line (diamond symbol) to plot the economy’s long-run aggregate supply (LRASLRAS) curve.
Factors that will influence the position of the long-run aggregate supply curve are the inflation rate, the size of the labour force, and the amount of available natural resources. Hence, the correct option is :A, C, D.
Most economists believe that the Long-Run Aggregate Supply Curve (LRAS) is vertical. In other words, it is not influenced by the economy's aggregate price level. According to them, the quantity of goods and services supplied by an economy in the long term is determined by the quantity of labour, capital, and natural resources it has access to. Thus, in the long run, an economy's supply capacity is determined by the factors that can change its supply potential.
The factors that will influence the position of the long-run aggregate supply curve are the inflation rate, the size of the labour force, and the amount of available natural resources.
The size of the labour force is a significant determinant of the long-run aggregate supply curve. A larger labour force can produce more goods and services, raising the supply curve to the right. Natural resources such as coal, timber, and land are also significant determinants of the long-run aggregate supply curve. An economy with more natural resources available has a greater supply potential, which shifts the curve to the right. The inflation rate also influences the supply curve, with higher inflation leading to lower supply as production costs rise.
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on march 5, 2013, the dow jones industrial average set a new high. the index closed at 18,565.54, which was up 143.40 that day. what was the return (in percent) of the stock market that day?
The return of the stock market on March 5, 2013, was approximately 0.7777%.
To calculate the return of the stock market on March 5, 2013, we need to determine the percentage change in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) from the previous day's closing value to the closing value on March 5, 2013.
Let's denote the previous day's closing value as "P" and the closing value on March 5, 2013, as "C".
Given that the DJIA closed at 18,565.54 on March 5, 2013, and was up 143.40 points, we can calculate P as follows:
P = 18,565.54 - 143.40 = 18,422.14
To calculate the return percentage, we use the following formula:
Return (%) = [(C - P) / P] * 100
Substituting the values, we have:
Return (%) = [(18,565.54 - 18,422.14) / 18,422.14] * 100
Return (%) = (143.40 / 18,422.14) * 100
Return (%) ≈ 0.7777%
It's important to note that this calculation only represents the return for that specific day and does not reflect long-term market performance. The return on a single day does not provide a complete picture of overall market trends or investment performance.
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At December 31 1 Year Ago 2 Years Ago Assets Cash $36,733 $ 37,506 Accounts receivable, net 62,300 50,900 Merchandise inventory Prepaid expenses 84,000 53,000 111,000. 10,120 285,315 9,643 4,167 Plant assets, net 261,945 229,527 Total assets $ 527,360 $ 454,621 $ 375,100 Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $50,008 Long-ters notes payable $ 77,599 105,60 $ 132,626 100,135 162,500 132,099 83,726 Common stock, $10 par value 162,500 Retained earnings 162,500 108,014 78,866 Total liabilities and equity $ 527,350 $ 454,621 $375,100 The company's income statements for the current year and one year ago follow.
The company is doing better than it was the previous year. However, it is essential to keep an eye on the cost of goods sold and operating expenses to ensure profitability.
A company's income statements for the current year and one year ago were given. The information is:Current Year One Year AgoSales revenue $510,350 $438,925Cost of goods sold 346,590 285,640Gross profit 163,760 153,285Operating expenses 128,670 118,550Net income $ 35,090 $ 34,735We can evaluate the company’s performance by analyzing its income statements.
It will show the company’s profits, expenses, and net income for the current year and the previous year.The sales revenue has increased from $438,925 to $510,350, representing an increase of $71,425. The gross profit has also increased from $153,285 to $163,760, representing an increase of $10,475.
This means the company made more money on every sale. However, cost of goods sold has also increased from $285,640 to $346,590, representing an increase of $60,950. This implies that the company is spending more money to manufacture the product than before.
Operating expenses have also increased from $118,550 to $128,670, representing an increase of $10,120. The net income has also increased from $34,735 to $35,090, representing an increase of $355.
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Generally speaking, when dealing with inventory management with
uncertainty, the safety stock will increase as the level of
uncertainty increases.
True
False
Generally speaking, the statement is true. The safety stock in inventory management tends to increase as the level of uncertainty increases.
Safety stock is the extra inventory held to mitigate the risk of stockouts caused by variations in demand and supply. It acts as a buffer to absorb uncertainties in lead times, demand fluctuations, and other factors that can affect inventory availability.
When there is a higher level of uncertainty in the supply chain, such as unpredictable customer demand, longer lead times, or unreliable suppliers, the risk of stockouts and disruptions increases. To mitigate this risk, companies need to hold a higher level of safety stock. By increasing the safety stock, they can ensure an adequate supply of inventory even in the face of unexpected variations.
On the other hand, when the level of uncertainty decreases, such as when demand is stable, lead times are consistent, and suppliers are reliable, there is less need for a large safety stock. In such cases, companies can optimize their inventory levels by reducing the safety stock to minimize carrying costs and improve operational efficiency.
Overall, the level of uncertainty in the supply chain is a critical factor in determining the appropriate level of safety stock. Higher uncertainty typically necessitates a higher safety stock to ensure adequate inventory availability and mitigate the risk of stockouts.
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Anna's son, Steven will start college in 9 years. Tuition costs $34,000 today, increasing at an annual rate of 6.1%. Anna wants to earn 3.8% annually on her investments. If she makes an initial investment one year from now, and annual additions at the end of each year until Steven starts college, what is the size of the annual (level) investments she must make to fund 4 years of Steven’s college education? Round the answer to two decimal places.
The size of the annual (level) investments Anna must make to fund 4 years of Steven’s college education is $4364.62.
Amount needed after 9 years is the future value of $34000 invested for 9 years at 6.1% p.a. which is given by:
P(1 + R/100)^T= $34000(1 + 6.1/100)^9= $34000 × 1.852 = $62944.16
Let the size of the annual (level) investments be x dollars.
She invests one year from now, so her investment will earn an interest of 3.8% for 8 years and 9 years for the annual additions. The amount of investment at the end of the ninth year will be equal to the future value of an ordinary annuity formula.
fv = x[(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where, x = Investment at the end of each year, r = rate of interest per period, n = number of periods (years) = 4
Let’s find the value of 'fv'.
fv = x[(1 + r)^n - 1] / r= x[(1 + 0.038)⁴ - 1] / 0.038 = x[1.16631928 - 1] / 0.038 = x[0.16631928] / 0.038 = $4364.62
Therefore, the annual investments she must make is $4364.62 (approx).
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Yu Co. manufactures gold carts and other recreational equipment. One order for NG Corporation for 2,000
carts showed the following costs per unit: direct materials - P40: direct labor P20: and factory overhead
applied at 140% of direct labor cost if defective work (rework) is charged to a specific job and 150% if
defective work is charged to all jobs.
Final inspection revealed that wheels were assembled with improper bearings. The wheels were
disassembled and the proper bearings inserted. The cost of correcting each defective cart consists of P2
added cost for bearings, P4 for labor and factory overhead at the predetermined rate.
Required:
A. Prepare journal entries to record correction of the defective units and transfer of the work in process
to finished goods if:
1. Charge to specific job.
2. Charge to all production.
B. Compute the cost per unit of finished goods if:
1. The NG is to be charged with the cost of defective units.
2. The cost of correcting the defective units is not charged to NG.
,the cost per unit of finished goods is P96.4 if the NG Corporation is to be charged with the cost of defective units and P88 if the cost of correcting the defective units is not charged to NG.
A. Journal entries to record correction of the defective units and transfer of the work in process to finished goods if:
1. Charge to specific job.
In this case, only the NG Corporation will be charged for the defective carts. Let's prepare the journal entry:
DateParticularsAmount
(Materials)DebitCredit
WIP Inventory(P40+P20×140% = P48)P88
Accounts PayableP40
Salaries and Wages PayableP20
Factory Overhead Payable(P20×140% = P28)P28
(Purchase of Bearings and Labor)WIP InventoryDebitCredit
(P2+P4+P4×140% = P8.4)P8.4
Factory Overhead PayableDebitCredit
(P4×150% = P6)P6
WIP InventoryDebitCredit
(P4×150% = P6)P6
(Finished goods transfer)Finished Goods InventoryDebitCredit
WIP InventoryP100
2. Charge to all production.
In this case, all production will be charged with the cost of defective carts. Let's prepare the journal entry:
DateParticularsAmount
(Materials)DebitCredit
WIP Inventory(P40+P20×140% = P48)P88
Accounts PayableP40
Salaries and Wages PayableP20
Factory Overhead Payable(P20×140% = P28)P28
(Purchase of Bearings and Labor)WIP InventoryDebitCredit
(P2+P4+P4×140% = P8.4)P8.4
Factory Overhead PayableDebitCredit
(P4×150% = P6)P6
WIP InventoryDebitCredit
(P4×150% = P6)P6
(Finished goods transfer)Finished Goods InventoryDebitCredit
WIP InventoryP100
B. Cost per unit of finished goods.
1. The NG is to be charged with the cost of defective units.
In this case, only the cost of the defective carts will be charged to NG Corporation. Let's calculate the cost per unit of finished goods:
Direct Materials (DM)P40
Direct Labor (DL)P20
Factory Overhead (FO)(P20 x 140%)P28
Total Costs Per Unit (DM+DL+FO)P88
Cost of defective units (P2+P4+P4 x 140%)P8.4
Adjusted Cost Per UnitP96.4
2. The cost of correcting the defective units is not charged to NG.
In this case, NG Corporation will not be charged for the defective carts. Let's calculate the cost per unit of finished goods:
Direct Materials (DM)P40
Direct Labor (DL)P20
Factory Overhead (FO)(P20 x 140%)P28
Total Costs Per Unit (DM+DL+FO)P88
Adjusted Cost Per UnitP88
Therefore, the cost per unit of finished goods is P96.4 if the NG Corporation is to be charged with the cost of defective units and P88 if the cost of correcting the defective units is not charged to NG.
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QUESTION 22 Based on the data below calculate the company's annual holding cost? Annual requirements = 7500 units Ordering cost = BD 12 Holding cost BD 0.5 = O 150 300 O 45000 O 12.5
The company's annual holding cost is BD 433. Holding cost is an important cost associated with inventory management. The cost of keeping the inventory in stock is the holding cost. It's expressed as a percentage of the inventory's unit price.
In addition, to compute the cost of holding inventory, the following formula can be used:
Holding cost = (Average inventory level) × (Holding cost per unit)
Firstly, let's calculate the average inventory level.
Average inventory level = (Order quantity) ÷ 2
In this case,
Annual requirements = 7500 units
Ordering cost = BD 12
Holding cost BD 0.5 = O 150 300 O 45000 O 12.5
There are four cost levels presented in the table: 0.5, 150, 300, and 12.5. It is necessary to decide which level to use. Since the annual requirement and ordering cost are known, it is necessary to find the optimal ordering quantity (EOQ).
EOQ = sqrt((2 x Ordering cost x Annual requirements) ÷ (Holding cost per unit x Unit cost))
EOQ = sqrt((2 x 12 x 7500) ÷ (0.5 x 1))
EOQ = sqrt((2 x 12 x 7500) ÷ (0.5))
EOQ = 1732.05 ≈ 1732Thus, the optimal ordering quantity is 1732 units.
Next, calculate the average inventory level.
Average inventory level = (Order quantity) ÷ 2 = 1732 ÷ 2 = 866 units.
Substituting the average inventory level and the holding cost per unit in the formula:
Holding cost = (Average inventory level) × (Holding cost per unit) = 866 × 0.5 = BD 433
Therefore, the company's annual holding cost is BD 433.
Answer: The company's annual holding cost is BD 433.
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Our centralised supply chain benefits our customers and helps us deliver on our business promise of everyday low prices. Our supply chain is fully integrated with the Group’s ERP system. This gives us a competitive advantage and allows for greater collaboration across all aspects of the chain, creating benefits in planning, procurement, warehouse logistics and distribution, while enabling us to manage efficiencies and deliver on our promise of everyday low prices.
We are investing in new trans-shipping DCs (distribution centres) in South Africa that will cut down our travelling time, further enhance our operations and reduce our carbon footprint. The first of these centres will open in Polokwane in late 2020 and a second in KwaZulu-Natal in the next reporting period. Our store base and centralised distribution model provide us with a closed-loop supply chain ecosystem, allowing us to manage and integrate our supply chain right down to shelf level and to derive benefits beyond centralised buying, warehousing, distribution and logistics.
Q.1 Developing alternative plans is step four in the planning process. With the use of examples, explain below different standing plans present in Shoprite.
1. Policy
2. Rule
3. Procedure
Shoprite employs policies, rules, and procedures as standing plans to guide decision-making, establish behavioral expectations, and streamline operational processes within the organization.
In Shoprite, the standing plans include policies, rules, and procedures.
1. Policy: Shoprite has established policies that guide decision-making and provide a framework for actions within the organization. These policies outline the company's principles, objectives, and guidelines for various aspects of its operations.
For example, there may be policies related to customer service, employee conduct, pricing strategies, or sustainability practices. Policies help ensure consistency and provide a basis for employees to make informed decisions in line with the company's goals and values.
2. Rule: Shoprite also utilizes rules as standing plans to govern specific behaviors or actions within the organization. Rules are more specific than policies and typically outline the do's and don'ts in various situations.
For instance, there may be rules regarding employee attendance, dress code, safety protocols, or inventory management. Rules help maintain order, standardize processes, and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
3. Procedure: Procedures are step-by-step guidelines that outline how specific tasks or activities should be performed in Shoprite. These standing plans provide detailed instructions to employees on how to carry out their responsibilities efficiently and effectively.
Examples of procedures in Shoprite may include procedures for cash register operations, product returns, inventory replenishment, or customer complaint handling. Procedures help ensure consistency, minimize errors, and improve productivity by providing clear guidance on the best practices to follow.
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Discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic provides a good example of why health care services and health care commodities may fall into the category of public goods, and tie your answer to the concept of externalities.
The COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies why health care services and commodities can be categorized as public goods due to the presence of externalities.
Health care services and commodities, such as vaccines and treatments, exhibit characteristics of public goods during a pandemic. Firstly, they are non-excludable, meaning it is challenging to prevent individuals from benefiting from them once they are available. In the case of COVID-19, if one person receives treatment or vaccination, it can potentially benefit others by reducing the overall transmission and spread of the virus.
Secondly, health care services and commodities have positive externalities. By treating and preventing the spread of COVID-19, not only do individuals directly benefit from improved health outcomes, but society as a whole benefits from reduced strain on the healthcare system, economic productivity losses, and social disruptions caused by the pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the public good nature of health care services and commodities. The positive externalities associated with treating and preventing the spread of the virus demonstrate the need for collective provision and support for equitable access to health care. Recognizing health care as a public good reinforces the importance of collaborative efforts, government intervention, and international cooperation to ensure the availability, affordability, and accessibility of health care services and commodities during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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please describe two episodes from Books 9-12 of the Odyssey that illustrate one of the five main themes. Describe what happens in the episode, describe how this episode illustrates one of the five main themes, and explain how the episode asks us to think about the theme (i.e. is the presentation of guest friendship good or bad, is Odysseus' absence from his home problematic or an example of him experience the joys of the road, is someone being clever or too clever for their own good, etc.)
Episode 1: The Episode of the Lotus-Eaters (Book 9)
The Isle of the Lotus-Eaters is where Odysseus and his crew arrive in this episode. The crew members are given lotus fruit by the Lotus-Eaters, which makes them forget their duties and make no desire to go back home. Odysseus successfully rescues his soldiers and drags them against their will back to the ship.This episode serves as an example of the concept of temptation's hazards and the value of restraint. The appeal of luxury and escape is represented by the Lotus-Eaters. Odysseus understands that yielding to this temptation would mean abandoning their trip back home and losing their sense of direction. It makes us consider the repercussions of giving in to distractions and the value of maintaining our concentration on our objectives.
The Episode of the Sirens (Book 12), Episode 2
In this episode, Odysseus and his crew avoid the deadly Sirens, who sing alluring songs to seduce sailors into drowning. Odysseus ties himself fast to the mast of the ship and orders his crew to cover their ears with beeswax so that he can hear the Sirens' seductive voices without falling prey to their seductive charm. This enables them to safely pass past the Sirens and escape their lethal trap.
The strength of temptation and the value of self-control are themes that are highlighted in this episode. Odysseus exhibits his cunning by figuring out a method to enjoy the Sirens' song's charm without putting himself or his crew in peril. It makes us pause to reflect on the delicate balancing act between curiosity and restraint, as well as the wisdom of finding other means to satisfy our cravings without giving in to dangerous temptations.
Both episodes place a strong emphasis on the value of restraint as well as the risks associated with giving in to temptation. They challenge us to reflect critically on the decisions we make and their potential repercussions. The Odyssey's treatment of these themes invites readers to consider how crucial it is to practise restraint, be resilient, and prioritise long-term goals over short-term pleasure.
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Troy just returned from a business trip for health-care administrators in Orlando. Kristen, a relatively new employee who reports to him, also attended the conference. They both work for Gateway Hospital, a for-profit hospital in the St.Louis area. The Orlando conference included training in the newest reporting requirements in the health-care industry, networking with other hospital administrators, reports on upcoming legislation in health care, and the current status of regulations related to the Affordable Care Act. The conference was in late March and coincided with Troy's kids' spring break, so the entire family traveled to Orlando to check out Walt Disney World and SeaWorld.
The hospital's expense reimbursement policy is very clear on the need for receipts for all reimbursements. Meals are covered for those not provided as part of the conference's registration fee, but only within a preset range. Troy has never had a problem following those guidelines. However, the trip to Orlando was more expensive than Troy expected. He did not attend all sessions of the conference in order to enjoy time with his family. Upon their return to St.Louis, Troy's wife suggested that Troy submit three meals and one extra night at the hotel as business expenses, even though they were personal expenses. Her rationale was that the hospital policies would not totally cover the business costs of the trip. Troy often has to travel and misses family time that cannot be recovered or replaced. Troy also knows that his boss has a reputation of signing forms without reading or careful examination. He realizes the amount involved is not material and probably won't be detected.
Kristen is approached by Joyce, the head of the accounting department, about Troy's expenses, which seem high and not quite right. Kristen is asked about the extra night because she did not ask for reimbursement for that time. Kristen knows it can be easily explained by saying Troy had to stay an extra day for additional meetings, a common occurrence for administrators, although that was not the case. She also knows that the hospital has poor controls and a culture of "not rocking the boat," and that other employees have routinely inflated expense reports in the past.
Assume you, as Kristen, have decided the best approach, at least in the short run, is to put off responding to Joyce so that you can consider the matter further.
1. Should you discuss the matter first with Troy before responding to Joyce? Explain.
Yes, Kristen should discuss the matter first with Troy before responding to Joyce. This is because if she reports the matter to Joyce without discussing it with Troy, it will negatively impact Troy's reputation. It is important that Kristen tries to understand the situation and why Troy submitted an extra night and three meals as business expenses before taking any action. If she informs Joyce without getting a detailed answer from Troy, it may appear as if she is trying to accuse him of fraudulent activity, which may not be the case at all.
As an employee, Kristen is obligated to report any suspicions or actual acts of fraudulent activity, which Troy's actions may appear to be. The matter needs to be reported to the accounting department head so that they can investigate the matter further and take appropriate action. However, before reporting the matter to Joyce, Kristen should discuss the matter first with Troy.
Kristen knows that Troy is a trusted employee of the hospital and a new employee herself, so she should tread carefully. If she approaches the matter in the wrong way, she could harm her relationship with Troy or cause harm to the company. She should, therefore, exercise caution to avoid any unnecessary problems.
Troy might have a good reason why he submitted the extra night and three meals as business expenses. Perhaps he did not understand the hospital's expense reimbursement policy or was not aware of the expenses policy in Orlando. This is a valid reason to explain the situation, and it would avoid any misunderstandings. If this is the case, Troy can correct the situation and submit the right expenses for reimbursement.
In conclusion, Kristen should first talk to Troy to get a better understanding of the situation before reporting it to Joyce. It is always better to address the situation amicably rather than accusing someone of fraudulent activity.
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The market value of Whole Foods stock is currently $53.70 per share, and the annual risk-free rate is 3 percent. A three-month call option on the stock with a strike price of $55 sells for $2.10. What is the value of a put option on Whole Foods stock that has the same strike price and expiration date if there are no arbitrage opportunities? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.)
It is given that the market value of Whole Foods stock is $53.70 per share and a three-month call option on the stock with a strike price of $55 sells for $2.10.
Therefore, if there are no arbitrage opportunities, then the price of the put option will be equal to the price of the call option along with the difference in the stock price and strike price of the option.
Using the Put-Call parity formula: P + S0 = C + Ke-rt, where P = Price of the put option
S0 = Market value of Whole Foods stock = $53.70
C = Price of the call option = $2.10
K = Strike price = $55
r = Annual risk-free rate = 3%
t = Time to expiration = 3 months or 0.25 years
Then, we have: P + 53.70 = 2.10 + 55e^(-0.03 × 0.25)
On solving, we get: P = $4.52
Therefore, the value of the put option on Whole Foods stock with the same strike price and expiration date is $4.52. Note: In order to include 150 words, the solution is explained in detail and the calculations are shown so that the concept can be understood in a better way.
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The price of a bond (with par value of $1,000) at the beginning of the year is $970 and at the end of the year is $990. What is the holding-period return if the annual coupon rate is 3.5%? O 4.50% O 4.08% O 5.56% O None of the answers is correct O 5.67%
The holding-period return of the bond is approximately 5.67%. To calculate the holding-period return (HPR) of a bond, we need to consider both the price change and the coupon payments received during the holding period.
Given:
Par value: $1,000
Beginning price: $970
Ending price: $990
Annual coupon rate: 3.5%
First, let's calculate the coupon payments received during the holding period. Since the coupon rate is 3.5% and the par value is $1,000, the annual coupon payment is $1,000 * 3.5% = $35.
Next, let's calculate the price change during the holding period. The price change is the difference between the ending price and the beginning price: $990 - $970 = $20.
Now, let's calculate the total return, which is the sum of the price change and the coupon payments:
Total Return = (Price Change + Coupon Payments) / Beginning Price
Total Return = ($20 + $35) / $970
Total Return ≈ 0.0567
Finally, to get the holding-period return (HPR), we convert the total return to a percentage:
HPR = Total Return * 100
HPR ≈ 5.67%
Therefore, the holding-period return of the bond is approximately 5.67%.
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1. Which of the following long-term bonds should have the highest interest rate?
- Group of answer choices:
- Municipal bonds
- US Treasury Bonds
- Corprate AAA Bonds
- Corporate Baa Bond
2. The problem of ___________ occurs when those likely to get large insurance payoffs are the ones who want to purchase insurance the most.
- Group of answer choices:
- fraudulent behavior
- moral hazard
- asymmetric information
- adverse selection
3-
If you were a subscriber to the Random Walk view of the market, which of the following investment strategies should you pursue?
-Group of answer choices:
-Invest with an active portfolio manager
-Actively manage your own portfolio
-Invest in index funds
-Go all in on Gamestop (GME)
The corporate Baa bond should have the highest interest rate.Long-term bonds have different credit ratings. The lower the credit rating, the higher the interest rate. A credit rating is an evaluation of the creditworthiness of a bond issuer or debtor by a rating agency.
A corporate bond rating system was introduced by Moody's Investors Service in 1909 and is currently used by rating agencies like Fitch, Moody's, and Standard & Poor's. Corporate bonds are classified into various categories based on their credit ratings, ranging from high-quality bonds with low interest rates to low-quality bonds with high interest rates.
Corporate bonds with a credit rating of Baa are considered average quality and are considered the riskiest of investment-grade bonds. Therefore, corporate Baa bond should have the highest interest rate.
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DNS (Domain Name System) servers translate all domain names into____
a. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses b. hypermedia c. proxy servers d. cookies e. buckets Amazon sells all its products exclusively through its online application, amazon.com, which is also available on mobiles. Amazon is an example of a _______
a. pure-play company b. physical storefront c. third-party broker d. expanded food-truck model e. brick-and-mortar company
DNS servers translate all domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. When a user enters a domain name.
DNS plays a critical role in the functioning of the internet by enabling users to access websites and services using easy-to-remember domain names instead of complex IP addresses. The DNS system consists of a hierarchical structure, with multiple DNS servers responsible for different levels of domain names. When a DNS server receives a request for a domain name translation, it checks its own database or forwards the request to other DNS servers until it finds the IP address associated with the requested domain. When a user enters a domain name in a web browser, the DNS server is responsible for looking up the associated IP address and routing the request to the correct destination. This translation process is essential for establishing connections and enabling communication between different devices and servers on the internet. DNS servers play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth functioning of the internet by efficiently mapping domain names to their respective IP addresses.
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Green Valley Ltd currently has the following capital structure:
Debt: $2,500,000 paying 8.5% coupon bonds outstanding with an annual before-tax yield to maturity of 8% on a new issue. The bonds currently sell for $105 per $100 face value.
Ordinary shares: 80,000 shares outstanding currently selling for $65 per share. The firm just paid a $7.50 dividend per share this year. The share has 3% growth rate in dividends, which it expects to continue indefinitely. The firm's marginal tax rate is 30%.
Required:
a)Calculate the current total market value of the firm.
Ans:
b)Calculate the capital structure and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm.
Ans:
Calculating the current total market value of the firm which has debt 2,500,000 paying 8.5% coupon bonds outstanding with an annual before-tax yield to maturity of 8% on a new issue. The bonds currently sell for $105 per $100 face value, we get the WACC of the firm is 10.56%.
Market value of Debt (Bonds) = $105 × $2,500,000
= $2625000
Market value of Ordinary Shares = $65 × 80000
= $5200000Total market value of the firm = $2625000 + $5200000
= $7825000Therefore, the current total market value of the firm is $7,825,000
Calculation of Capital Structure and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for the firm:
WACC = (Cost of Debt) × (1 − Tax Rate) × (Weight of Debt) + (Cost of Equity) × (Weight of Equity)
Cost of Debt = Before-tax cost of debt × (1 - Tax Rate)
Before-tax cost of debt = Yield to Maturity (YTM) on the bonds, which is 8% in this case. The bonds are selling for $105, with a face value of $100.
Coupon rate = 8.5% therefore, annual coupon payment = 8.5% × $100 = $8.5 per bond.
Thus, Cost of Debt = (8%/year) × (1-0.3) = 5.6% (per year)
Weight of Debt = $2,500,000/$7,825,000 = 0.3199 or 31.99%
Cost of Equity = (Dividends per Share ÷ Market Value per Share) + Growth Rate of Dividends(D1/P0) = (7.5/65)
= 0.1154 or 11.54%
Growth rate of dividends = 3%
Tax rate = 30%
Weight of Equity = $5,200,000/$7,825,000 = 0.6656 or 66.56%
Putting the values in WACC formula:
WACC = (5.6%) × (0.3199) + (11.54% + 3%) × (0.6656)WACC
= 1.792% + 8.768% = 10.56%
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