Answer:
Detail is given below.
Explanation:
Atomic radii along period.
As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.
Atomic radii trend along group:
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
As the size of atom increases the ionization energy from top to bottom also decreases because it becomes easier to remove the electron because of less nuclear attraction and as more electrons are added the outer electrons becomes more shielded and away from nucleus.
Construct an explanation for why convection in orbit around Earthfor example, aboard the International Space Station --would be impossible .
The characteristics of the atmospheric pressure allow to find the reasons for the heat transfer processes.
Convection does not occur due to the very small outside pressure, which implies that there is no mass of gases that can move
Thermal conduction is the process by which bodies exchange thermal energy (heat), these processes can be divided:
Conduction. It is when the body is in contact and thermal energy is exchanged from the hottest to the coldest body, without movement of matter. Convection. It occurs when for the exchange of energy there is a movement of matter Radiation. The emission of electromagnetic radiation in the energy exchange medium occurs in all bodies at more than 0K.
In space at the height of the space station 400 km, than the area called the thermostat or ionosphere, in it the atmospheric pressure is very low. There are ionized gases, nitrogen, oxygen and helium, but at very low pressure.
Because there are not enough gases around the space station, the convection processes that are due to the movement of a mass of gas do not exist.
At the height of the space station the most important mechanism of heat transfer is radiation.
In conclusion, the characteristics of atmospheric pressure allow us to find the reasons for the heat transfer processes.
Convection does not occur due to the very small outside pressure, which implies that there is no mass of gases that can move
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What is the value proposition for consumers that Takealot
excels at? How is this different from traditional (non-online)
retailers.Don’t Confuse Platforms with Ecosystems (INSEAD
Blog), December 202
Takealot excels at providing convenience, extensive product selection, competitive pricing, and a seamless online shopping experience as its value proposition for consumers.
Convenience is a key aspect of Takealot's value proposition. As an online retailer, Takealot offers the convenience of 24/7 shopping from the comfort of one's own home.
Customers can browse a wide range of products, place orders, and have them delivered directly to their doorstep.
Takealot also offers an extensive product selection, spanning various categories such as electronics, fashion, home goods, and more.
This breadth of choices allows consumers to find and compare different products all in one place, saving them time and effort compared to traditional retailers with limited inventory.
Competitive pricing is another area where Takealot excels. By operating online, the company has lower overhead costs compared to brick-and-mortar retailers, enabling them to offer competitive prices and discounts to their customers.
The seamless online shopping experience provided by Takealot includes user-friendly interfaces, secure payment options, and efficient delivery services. This enhances customer satisfaction and convenience.
In contrast, traditional non-online retailers typically have limited operating hours, smaller product selections, and may not offer the same level of convenience and competitive pricing.
They often require customers to physically visit their stores, which can be time-consuming and may not provide the same level of ease and accessibility as online platforms like Takealot.
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How many milliliters (ml) in this graduated cylinder?
Answer:
9.4 mL.
Explanation:
To accurately determine the reading of the graduated cylinder, we simply take the reading under the curve (i.e meniscus)
From the above diagram, we can see that the reading under the curve is 9.4 mL.
Therefore, the reading of the cylinder is 9.4 mL
1. A room has dimensions 8.8 yd * 8.4 yd * 8.5 yd, what is its volume in L?
Answer:
480385.108 in Litres
helpp me with this please
another student added a drying agent (anhydrous magnesium sulfate, absorbs water removing it mixture) to the equilibrium mixture at the end of the activity. how will the addition of a drying agent effect the concentration of ethyl acetate?
Answer: The drying agent is used to remove water from the mixture. In the presence of water, ethyl acetate can potentially undergo hydrolysis to produce acetic acid and ethanol.
Explanation: By removing water from the mixture, the drying agent helps to shift the equilibrium in favor of ethyl acetate, as it reduces the concentration of one of the reactants involved in the hydrolysis reaction. Consequently, the addition of a drying agent would generally increase the concentration of ethyl acetate in the mixture.
It's worth noting that the extent of the effect will depend on the initial concentration of ethyl acetate and the concentration of water in the equilibrium mixture. Removing water from the mixture will favor the formation of ethyl acetate, potentially driving the reaction toward the products' side.
However, it's important to consider that other factors, such as the temperature and the presence of catalysts, can also influence the equilibrium and reaction rates. Without specific details about the reaction conditions and concentrations involved, it's challenging to provide a more precise assessment of the impact on ethyl acetate concentration.
what is the standard formation reaction for the most stable form of water?
The standard formation reaction for the most stable form of water, H2O (l), can be expressed as follows: 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l) ΔH°f = -285.8 kJ/mol.
The standard formation reaction represents the formation of one mole of a compound from its constituent elements in their standard states with a balanced equation and corresponding enthalpy change (ΔH°f). For the most stable form of water, the equation is 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l). This equation signifies that two moles of dihydrogen gas (H2) react with one mole of dioxygen gas (O2) to produce two moles of liquid water (H2O) in its standard state. The enthalpy change for this reaction is -285.8 kJ/mol, indicating that the formation of water is exothermic, releasing heat.
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what will happen if a 2.0 l flask containing an aqueous solution of 2.0 m kbr were left uncapped on a laboratory bench for several days?what will happen if a 2.0 l flask containing an aqueous solution of 2.0 m kbr were left uncapped on a laboratory bench for several days?the concentration would decrease as the amount of kbr in the flask would remain constant while the amount of water decreases due to evaporation.the concentration would increase as the amount of kbr in the flask would remain constant while the amount of water decreases due to evaporation.the concentration would decrease as the amount of water in the flask would remain constant while the amount of kbr decreases due to evaporation.the concentration would not change.the concentration would increase as the amount of water in the flask would remain constant while the amount of kbr increases due to evaporation.
If a 2.0 L flask containing an aqueous solution of 2.0 M KBr were left uncapped on a laboratory bench for several days, the concentration of the solution would increase as the amount of water in the flask would remain constant while the amount of KBr decreases due to evaporation.
What is evaporation? Evaporation is the process of the transformation of a liquid into a gas or vapor. The process occurs only on the surface of the liquid. Evaporation of a solvent, such as water, from a solution of solute, such as KBr, is a type of distillation, the process of separating a mixture into its components. Evaporation would remove the solvent water from the solution and cause the concentration of KBr to increase. The amount of KBr would remain the same, as it cannot evaporate. Therefore, there would be less water and more KBr in the solution, making the solution more concentrated. Hence, the answer is "the concentration would increase as the amount of KBr in the flask would remain constant while the amount of water decreases due to evaporation."
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Please help ASAP please. Correct answer please
what is a correct name of the following compound? question 2 options: 3-isopropyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane trans-1-isopropyl-3-dimethylcyclohexane cis-1-isopropyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane 3,3-dimethyl-1-isopropylcyclohexane trans-1-methylethyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane
The correct name of the given compound is cis-1-isopropyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane.The compound given is a cycloalkane compound that contains five carbon atoms in its ring. It also contains some substituent functional groups like isopropyl and dimethyl groups.
These functional groups have different positional isomerism, and their position can be changed within the ring of cycloalkane. The given option trans-1-isopropyl-3-dimethylcyclohexane is incorrect because the two substituents isopropyl and dimethyl are present on the same carbon, which is impossible as one carbon cannot have two substituents.
The option 3,3-dimethyl-1-isopropylcyclohexane is also incorrect because in this option, the position of the isopropyl group is changed. The isopropyl group must be present at the 1-carbon atom.The option trans-1-methylethyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane is incorrect because the isopropyl group is replaced by the ethyl group. So the name of this compound will be changed, and this is not the correct name of the given compound. The correct name is cis-1-isopropyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane because in this option, the isopropyl group is present on the 1-carbon atom, and the two dimethyl groups are present at 5-carbon atoms. Hence, this option is the correct name of the given compound.
The correct name of the given compound is cis-1-isopropyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane, and this option is the right answer for the given question.
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the number of compounds possible is limited by what three factors? ‘
The number of compounds possible is limited by three factors: the number of elements, the combination of those elements, and the arrangement of atoms within the compound.
Number of Elements: The first factor that limits the number of compounds possible is the number of elements present in the universe. The periodic table includes approximately 118 known elements, each with its unique set of properties. These elements can combine in various ways to form compounds.
Combination of Elements: The second factor is the combination of elements. Elements can combine with one another to form compounds through chemical reactions. Different combinations of elements result in different compounds. For example, carbon and oxygen can combine to form carbon dioxide (CO2) or carbon monoxide (CO). The number of possible combinations increases exponentially as the number of elements involved increases.
Arrangement of Atoms: The third factor is the arrangement of atoms within the compound. Even with a given combination of elements, the way atoms are arranged within a compound can result in different compounds with distinct properties. Isomers, for instance, are compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements. The arrangement of atoms can affect the physical and chemical properties of the compound.
Considering these three factors together, the number of compounds possible becomes immense. The number of elements, the different combinations of those elements, and the various arrangements of atoms within compounds result in a vast number of possible compounds. Furthermore, advancements in chemistry and the discovery of new elements expand the possibilities even further.
It is worth noting that while the number of compounds possible is theoretically infinite, practical limitations exist. The synthesis and characterization of all possible compounds are not feasible due to resource constraints, technological limitations, and the vastness of chemical space. Nonetheless, scientists continue to explore and discover new compounds, expanding our understanding of the diverse chemical world.
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If the observed value for a density is 0.80 g/mL and the accepted value is 0.70 g/mL what is the percent error?
Answer:
The answer is 14.29 %Explanation:
The percentage error of a certain measurement can be found by using the formula
[tex]P(\%) = \frac{error}{actual \: \: number} \times 100\% \\ [/tex]
From the question
actual density = 0.70 g/mL
error = 0.8 - 0.7 = 0.1
So we have
[tex]P(\%) = \frac{0.1}{0.7} \times 100 \\ = 14.285714...[/tex]
We have the final answer as
14.29 %Hope this helps you
Use the value of the activation energy (Ea = 1.50 x 102 kJ/mol) and the given rate constant of the reaction at either of the two temperatures to predict the rate constant at 542 K. The rate constant at 701 K is measured as 2.57 M−1⋅s−1 and that at 895 K is measured as 567 M−1⋅s−1.
To predict the rate constant at 542 K using the given activation energy and the rate constant at 701 K, we can apply the Arrhenius equation. By substituting the values into the equation, we can calculate the rate constant at the desired temperature.
To predict the rate constant at 542 K using the given activation energy (Ea = 1.50 x 10^2 kJ/mol), we can use the Arrhenius equation:
k2 = k1 * e^(-Ea / (R * T2))
where k1 is the rate constant at the known temperature (701 K), k2 is the rate constant at the desired temperature (542 K), Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol*K)), and T2 is the temperature in Kelvin (542 K).
First, we need to convert the activation energy from kJ/mol to J/mol by multiplying it by 1000:
Ea = 1.50 x 10^2 kJ/mol * 1000 J/1 kJ = 1.50 x 10^5 J/mol
Now, we can calculate the rate constant at 542 K:
k2 = 2.57 M^(-1)s^(-1) * exp(-1.50 x 10^5 J/mol / (8.314 J/(molK) * 542 K))
k2 ≈ 2.57 M^(-1)*s^(-1) * exp(-34.84)
Using the above calculation, we can determine the rate constant at 542 K.
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The equation represents a chemical reaction that occurs in living cells. How many atoms are represented in the reactants of this equation? *
Answer:
36 atoms
Explanation:
The equation for the reaction is given below:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
From the reaction above, the reactants include:
C6H12O6 and 6O2.
Thus, the total atom present in the reactants can be obtained as follow:
Element >>>>>>>> Atom present
Carbon (C) >>>>>> 6
Hydrogen (H) >>>> 12
Oxygen (O) >>>>>> 18
TOTAL >>>>>>>>>> 36
From the above illustration, 36 atoms are represented in the reactants.
i need this equation to be balanced please P ₄+ O ₂→ P₄O₁₀
Answer:
P ₄+ 5 O ₂→ P₄O₁₀
Explanation:
You need to make sure that both sides of the equation have the same number of molecules. In this equation, oxygen is not balanced. Since on the right side, we have 10 oxygen and on the left, we only have 2. Then, we need to time by 5 to make it 10.
At a particular temperature, Kp = 0.25 for the reaction
N2O4(g) = 2NO2(g)
a. A flask containing only N2o4 at an initial pressure of 4.5 atm is allowed to reach equilibrium. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressures of the gases.
b. A flask containing only NO2 at an initial pressure of 9.0 atm is allowed to reach equilibrium. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressures of the gases.
c. From your answers to parts a and b, does it matter from which direction an equilibrium position is reached?
d. The volume of the container in part a is decreased to one-half the original volume. Calculate the new equilibrium partial pressures.
a. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of N2O4 is approximately 2.68 atm, and the partial pressure of NO2 is approximately 1.82 atm.
b. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of N2O4 is approximately 1.82 atm, and the partial pressure of NO2 is approximately 3.18 atm.
c. No, it does not matter from which direction an equilibrium position is reached as long as the temperature remains constant.
d. When the volume of the container is decreased to half its original volume, the new equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4 is approximately 3.54 atm, and the new equilibrium partial pressure of NO2 is approximately 1.27 atm.
a. The equilibrium constant, Kp, is given as 0.25, which is equal to (PNO2)^2 / PN2O4. Let's assume the equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4 is x atm. Since 2 moles of NO2 are produced for every mole of N2O4, the equilibrium partial pressure of NO2 is 2x atm. Substituting these values into the equilibrium constant expression, we have 0.25 = (2x)^2 / x. Solving this equation gives x ≈ 2.68 atm for PN2O4 and 2x ≈ 1.82 atm for PNO2.
b. Using the same reasoning as in part a, we assume the equilibrium partial pressure of NO2 is y atm. The equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4 is then 2y atm. Plugging these values into the equilibrium constant expression, we have 0.25 = y^2 / (2y). Solving this equation gives y ≈ 1.82 atm for PNO2 and 2y ≈ 3.18 atm for PN2O4.
c. The equilibrium position does not depend on the direction from which it is approached as long as the temperature remains constant. The equilibrium partial pressures are the same regardless of whether the system is initially composed of N2O4 or NO2.
d. When the volume is halved, the new equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4 can be calculated using the ideal gas law and the initial pressure of N2O4 (4.5 atm). P1V1 = P2V2, so (4.5 atm)(V1) = P2(V1/2), where V1 is the original volume and P2 is the new equilibrium partial pressure of N2O4. Solving this equation gives P2 ≈ 3.54 atm. The new equilibrium partial pressure of NO2 can be determined using the equilibrium constant expression, 0.25 = (PNO2)^2 / P2. Solving this equation gives PNO2 ≈ 1.27 atm.
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Phosphorus (P) is a nonmetal, which is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Which of the elements listed below shares these properties?
Group of answer choices
strontium (Sr)
sodium (Na)
iodine (I)
calcium (Ca)
Answer:
Sodium is the answer
Explanation:
In the previous step, you determined
0.25 mol HCI reacts. The molar mass
of Mg is 24.31 g/mol.
What mass of Mg is required?
PLEASE HELP ASAP
Approximately 3.04 grams of magnesium would be required to react with 0.25 moles of hydrochloric acid.
To determine the mass of Mg required, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and magnesium (Mg):
2HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of HCl react with 1 mole of Mg. Therefore, if 0.25 mol of HCl reacts, we would need half of that amount, which is 0.125 mol of Mg.
To calculate the mass of Mg required, we need to multiply the number of moles of Mg by its molar mass. The molar mass of Mg is given as 24.31 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of Mg required can be calculated as follows:
Mass of Mg = Number of moles of Mg × Molar mass of Mg
Mass of Mg = 0.125 mol × 24.31 g/mol
Mass of Mg = 3.04 g
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Which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?
A)They contain some older stars
B)They are oval in shape
C)They have a bright bulge in the center
D)Many new stars are being formed
its just 8th grade science. also add me on ig: im._em not to
promote or anything... comment ur ig and ill follow you ig
Answer:
its b there circle e not oval
Explanation:
The shape of elliptical galaxies is ellipsoid and not oval shape. They contain more older stars and formation of new stars is hard in the case of elliptical galaxies. Hence, the statement which is not true is options B and D.
What is galaxy?Galaxy is a group of stars, dust and dark matter which are joined together by a force of gravitation. There are billions of galaxies in the universe and they each contains trillions of stars.
The galaxies are of different shapes, force and light. Spiral, elliptical, oval etc are some of them. The light energy and gravitational pull of each of these galaxies differ from each other. The galaxie near to earth is milky way.
The elliptical galaxies are mainly composed of older stars and dust. They have a shape of ellipsoid. Formation of new stars in ellipsoid galaxies is rare. Thus options B and D are not true.
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SbCl2 (aq) <==> SbOCl (s) + 2H+ 9aq) + 2Cl- (aq)
What errors in concentrations are introduced when only dilution is taken into account for the above molarity calculations of sbcl3 and H+, Cl-? Are concentrations of SbCl3, H+, and Cl- actually larger or smaller than calculated?
Considering only dilution for the molarity calculations of SbCl3, H+, and Cl- can introduce errors in the concentrations.
In the given chemical equilibrium equation, SbCl2(aq) is in equilibrium with SbOCl(s), H+(aq), and Cl-(aq). When only dilution is taken into account for the molarity calculations of SbCl3, H+, and Cl-, several errors in concentrations can be introduced. Let's analyze each component separately:
SbCl3: The equilibrium equation does not include SbCl3 as a separate species. SbCl3 is formed when SbCl2 reacts with Cl- ions in the solution. However, due to the dilution, the concentration of SbCl2 might decrease, which would shift the equilibrium towards the reactant side. This would result in a lower concentration of SbCl3 than expected based on dilution alone.
H+: The H+ ions in the equilibrium equation come from the dissociation of the HCl (assuming it is present in the solution). Dilution alone does not affect the concentration of H+ ions significantly, as they are mainly determined by the dissociation of HCl rather than dilution.
Cl-: Similar to H+, the Cl- ions in the equilibrium equation come from the dissociation of the SbCl2 and HCl (assuming it is present in the solution). Again, dilution alone does not have a significant effect on the concentration of Cl- ions.
Overall, specifically, the concentration of SbCl3 may be smaller than calculated due to the shift in equilibrium caused by the decrease in SbCl2 concentration. On the other hand, the concentrations of H+ and Cl- are not significantly affected by dilution alone.
To accurately determine the concentrations of these species, it is important to consider the effect of the chemical equilibrium and any reactions or shifts that occur. Dilution can alter the concentrations of some species, but it is crucial to account for the equilibrium constant, reaction coefficients, and any other factors that may affect the equilibrium position.
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What are electromagnetic waves
Answer:
inphysics electromagnetic radiation refers to the waves of the electromagnetic field propagating through space carrying electromagnetic radiant energy it includes radio waves microwaves infrared light ultraviolet X-rays and gamma rays
Consider these two cases.
Case 1: An electron jumps from energy level 3 to energy level 4 in an atom.
Case 2: An electron jumps from energy level 3 to energy level 5 in an atom.
For case 1, what happens when an electron jumps from energy level 3 to energy level 4 in an atom?
A photon is absorbed by the atom.
A neutron is absorbed by the atom.
A photon is emitted by the atom.
A neutron is emitted by the atom.
Assuming that both cases describe Hydrogen‑like atoms with one electron, for which case is more energy emitted or absorbed?
The energy is the same for both cases.
More energy is emitted or absorbed for case 1.
More energy is emitted or absorbed for case 2.
It is impossible to tell.
In case 1, when an electron jumps from energy level 3 to energy level 4 in an atom, a photon is emitted by the atom.
In case 2, when an electron jumps from energy level 3 to energy level 5 in an atom, a photon is also emitted by the atom. Since both cases involve the emission of photons, we can conclude that the same type of energy change occurs in both cases.
When an electron jumps between energy levels in an atom, it undergoes a transition and releases or absorbs energy in the form of a photon. The energy of the emitted or absorbed photon corresponds to the difference in energy between the initial and final energy levels of the electron.
In both case 1 and case 2, photons are emitted by the atom, indicating that energy is being released. The energy difference between energy levels 3 and 4 is smaller than the energy difference between energy levels 3 and 5. Therefore, more energy is emitted or absorbed in case 2, where the electron jumps from energy level 3 to energy level 5, compared to case 1.
Hence, more energy is emitted or absorbed for case 2 than for case 1 in a Hydrogen-like atom with one electron.
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For many purposes we can treat propane
C3H8 as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of
−42.°C Suppose the temperature of a sample of propane gas is raised from
27.0°C to 42.0°C, and at the same time the pressure is decreased by
5.0%
When the temperature of a sample of propane gas is raised from 27.0°C to 42.0°C, and at the same time the pressure is decreased by 5.0%, the new pressure can be calculated as 0.95 times the initial pressure.
Let's assume the initial pressure of the propane gas is P. The decrease in pressure is calculated by multiplying the initial pressure (P) by the percentage decrease of 5.0%. This gives us a decrease in pressure of 0.05P.
To find the new pressure, we subtract the decrease in pressure from the initial pressure:
New pressure = Initial pressure - Decrease in pressure = P - 0.05P = 0.95P
Therefore, the new pressure is 0.95 times the initial pressure after the 5.0% decrease.
The change in temperature is given as 15.0°C, which represents the difference between the final temperature (42.0°C) and the initial temperature (27.0°C).
It's important to note that the problem states that propane gas can be treated as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of -42.0°C.
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A scientist measures out precisely 1.45 mg of a chemical. How many micrograms is this equal to?
Answer:
it is 5151
Explanation:
i am start
2. Find the density of ethyl alcohol if 80.0 mL weighs 63.3 g. *
your answer
Your answer
Answer:
The answer is 0.79 g/mLExplanation:
The density of a substance can be found by using the formula
[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\[/tex]
From the question
mass of ethyl alcohol = 63.3 g
volume = 80 mL
The density is
[tex]density = \frac{63.3}{80} \\ = 0.79125[/tex]
We have the final answer as
0.79 g/mLHope this helps you
what is the mass of sugars in a 180g sweet potato
Answer:
Sweet potato/Sugar Amount
6 g
Explanation:
hope it help
Relative and average atomic mass both describe properties of an element related to its different isotopes. Thus mass of sugars in a 180g sweet potato is 10.6g.
What is mass?Mass defines the quantity of a substance. It is measured in gram or kilogram. Average mass is the mass of atoms of an element that are isotopes. It can be calculated by multiplying mass of a isotope to natural abundance of that isotope.
The relative mass is the mass that is with respect to mass of a matter that is considered as standard. In chemistry relative mass is equal to the mass of one-twelfth the mass of C-12 isotope .Out of relative and average atomic mass, relative atomic mass is more accurate as it is calculated with respect to a standard quantity.
mass of sugar=mass of Sweet potato ÷mass of Sugar
mass of sweet potato=180g
mass of Sugar =16.88 g
substituting all the given values, we get
mass of sugar=180g÷16.88 g
=10.6g
Thus mass of sugars in a 180g sweet potato is 10.6g.
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Calculate the wavelength of a photon of light having a frequency of 3.50 x 1015 Hz.
Answer:
Wavelength, [tex]\lambda=8.57\times 10^{-8}\ m[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
Frequency, [tex]f=3.5\times 10^{15}\ Hz[/tex]
We need to find the wavelength of a photon of light. The relation between frequency and wavelength is as follows :
[tex]c=f\lambda\\\\\lambda=\dfrac{c}{f}\\\\\lambda=\dfrac{3\times 10^8}{3.5\times 10^{15}}\\\\\lambda=8.57\times 10^{-8}\ m[/tex]
So, the wavelength of the light is [tex]8.57\times 10^{-8}\ m[/tex].
Calculate the solubility of silver chloride in a solution that is 0.120 M in NH3 (initial concentration).
The solubility of silver chloride (AgCl) in a solution that is initially 0.120 M in NH3 (ammonia) is approximately X mol/L.
To calculate the solubility of AgCl in the presence of NH3, we consider the formation of the complex ion [Ag(NH3)2]+. Using the equilibrium expression for the complex ion formation and the solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgCl, we determine that the concentration of Ag+ is equal to the solubility of AgCl. By considering the equilibrium constant (Kf) for the formation of the complex ion and the initial concentration of NH3, we can calculate the concentration of [Ag(NH3)2]+. Finally, knowing that [AgCl] is equal to [Ag+], we can conclude that the solubility of AgCl in the NH3 solution is approximately equal to the concentration of Ag+.
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crystal field theory rationalizes the splitting of the d-orbitals in octahedral transition metal complexes. molecular orbital theory predicts a similar splitting and designates which d-orbitals to always be considered anti-bonding?
Crystal field theory is used to explain the splitting of the d-orbitals in octahedral transition metal complexes, whereas molecular orbital theory predicts a similar splitting and designates which d-orbitals should always be regarded as anti-bonding.
In CFT, the electrons are thought to be strongly influenced by the electrostatic potential created by the negatively charged ligands surrounding the metal ion. When these ligands are nearby, the metal d-orbitals split into two different energy levels. These levels are referred to as the eg (or z-axis) level and the t2g (or xy,xz,yz) level. The electrons are promoted from the lower t2g to the higher eg orbital levels when energy is absorbed in the form of light.In the molecular orbital (MO) theory, the orbitals that take part in the bond formation are designated as bonding orbitals and the remaining as anti-bonding orbitals. The transition metal d-orbitals also split into two different energy levels in MO theory. These levels are referred to as the σ and π levels.The σ-level orbital is considered a bonding orbital since it contributes to bond formation, whereas the π-level orbitals are considered anti-bonding. The electron density in the anti-bonding π-level orbitals increases as the energy of the system increases.The π anti-bonding orbitals are dxy and dx2−y2 because they have nodes (regions of zero electron density) in the xz and yz planes. In a tetrahedral field, these orbitals do not split, but in an octahedral field, they become π-bonding and π-antibonding orbitals. In addition, the dz2 and dxz/dyz orbitals are anti-bonding in both CFT and MO theory because they have nodes in the xz and yz planes.Thus, CFT and MO theory provide distinct but complementary views of the splitting of the transition metal d-orbitals.
In short, the crystal field theory rationalizes the splitting of the d-orbitals in octahedral transition metal complexes, while the molecular orbital theory predicts a similar splitting and identifies which d-orbitals should always be viewed as anti-bonding. Both theories provide two different but complementary perspectives on the separation of the transition metal d-orbitals in transition metal complexes.
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Susan conducts an experiment five times and gets a solution concentration of 1.9M, 2.1M, 1.8M, 1.9M, and 2.2M. The known concentration of the solution is 2.0M. Which of the following are true about Susan's results?
Answer:
This question is incomplete; the complete part/options is:
A) They are precise, but not accurate.
B) They are accurate, but not precise.
C) They are both accurate and precise.
D) They are neither accurate nor precise
The answer is C.
Explanation:
Accuracy refers to how close a series of measurements is to a known or true value while precision is the closeness of the measurements to one another.
The known concentration of a solution is 2.0M. In an experiment which Susan conducts five times and gets a solution concentration of 1.9M, 2.1M, 1.8M, 1.9M, and 2.2M respectively.
Based on these measured solute concentrations, one would observe that the measured values of: 1.9M, 2.1M, 1.8M, 1.9M, 2.2M are close to one another. This means that the measurements are PRECISE.
Also, the measured values are not too distant from the known value of 2.0M, hence, it can be said that the measurements are ACCURATE.
Therefore, Susan's measurements of the solute concentration are both accurate and precise.
