Under both the LIFO and FIFO methods, the inventory cost at the end of 2021 results in a shortage (-900 units). The market value of the 2021 ending inventory is $32,800, and the determination of lower of cost or market and lower of cost or NRV depends on specific cost and selling price information.
To determine the inventory cost at the end of 2021 under the LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) and FIFO (First-In, First-Out) methods, we need to calculate the cost of the remaining inventory using each method.
1/1/21 - 500 units at $12.00/unit
3/5/21 - 600 units at $11.00/unit
7/12/21 - 400 units at $11.50/unit
10/18/21 - 450 units at $12.50/unit
12/22/21 - 250 units at $13.00/unit
Sold in 2021 - 1,600 units
A) LIFO Method:Using the LIFO method, the most recent inventory purchases are considered as the cost of goods sold first.
1. Sold in 2021: 1,600 units
Cost of goods sold = (250 * $13.00) + (450 * $12.50) + (400 * $11.50) + (500 * $12.00)
Cost of goods sold = $3,250 + $5,625 + $4,600 + $6,000
Cost of goods sold = $19,475
2. Remaining inventory = (600 + 500) - 1,600
Remaining inventory = 700 - 1,600
Remaining inventory = -900 (negative indicates a shortage)
B) FIFO Method:Using the FIFO method, the oldest inventory purchases are considered as the cost of goods sold first.
1. Sold in 2021: 1,600 units
Cost of goods sold = (500 * $12.00) + (600 * $11.00) + (400 * $11.50) + (100 * $12.50)
Cost of goods sold = $6,000 + $6,600 + $4,600 + $1,250
Cost of goods sold = $18,450
2. Remaining inventory = (450 + 250) - 1,600
Remaining inventory = 700 - 1,600
Remaining inventory = -900 (negative indicates a shortage)
B) Adjusting inventory to market or net realizable value (NRV):
Using the data for 12/31/21:
Selling Price = $16
Selling Cost = $3
Normal Profit = $4
Replacement Cost = $8
1. Market value = (Remaining inventory * Replacement Cost) + [(1,600 - Remaining inventory) * Selling Price]
Market value = (-900 * $8) + [(1,600 + 900) * $16]
Market value = -$7,200 + (2,500 * $16)
Market value = -$7,200 + $40,000
Market value = $32,800
2. For LIFO:
- Lower of cost or market = minimum of cost of goods sold and market value
- Lower of cost or NRV = minimum of cost of goods sold and (market value - normal profit)
For FIFO:
- Lower of cost or market = minimum of cost of goods sold and market value
- Lower of cost or NRV = minimum of cost of goods sold and (market value - selling cost - normal profit)
3. Journal entries to adjust inventory under the direct and indirect methods:
Since the data provided does not specify the direct or indirect method, it's not possible to determine the exact journal entries without additional information.
In conclusion, under both the LIFO and FIFO methods, the inventory cost at the end of 2021 results in a shortage (-900 units). When adjusting the inventory to market or NRV, the market value of the 2021 ending inventory is $32,800. The determination of lower of cost or market and lower of cost or NRV depends on the specific costs and selling price/cost information. Journal entries for adjusting the inventory would require clarification on the direct or indirect method.
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A(n)17-year bond has a coupon of 10%and is priced to yield14%.Calculate the price per $1,000 par value using semi-annual compounding. If an investor purchases this bond two months before a scheduled coupon payment, how much accrued interest must be paid to the seller?
The bond price is $1,118.08. The investor must pay $16.48 as the accrued interest to the seller.
Bond price calculation:
The price of the bond can be computed by using the below formula.
Price of bond= ∑(Cn / (1 + r)n ) + (M / (1 + r)n )
Where: Cn = Coupon payment in period n
M = Face value of the bond
r = periodic bond yield
n = number of periods
accrued interest calculation:
Accrued Interest is the interest due on the bond at the time of sale to the buyer. The buyer must pay the seller for the interest that has accrued on the bond since the last interest payment date. This is also known as the accrued interest.
The accrued interest is calculated as follows: Days of accrued interest/ days in coupon period × semi-annual coupon interest.
It is given that bond has a coupon of 10%and is priced to yield 14%. So, the periodic coupon payment will be 5% (=10%/2)
Semi-annual compounding implies that the frequency of coupon payments is semi-annually.
Hence, the number of periods will be 34 (2×17)
Semi-annual yield will be 7% (14%/2).
Now, we can compute the bond price as follows,
Price of bond= (50 / 1.035)+ (50 / (1.035)²)+ (50 / (1.035)³) + ... + (50 / (1.035)³⁴)+ (1000 / (1.035)³⁴) ≈ $1,118.08
Accrued interest will be = (60/182) * $50 = $16.48
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A portfolio has an expected return of 11% and a standard deviation of 25%. Its benchmark is a market index that has an expected return of 9% and a standard deviation of 14%. The risk-free rate in the economy is 1%. What is the M2 measure of the portfolio?
Note: Write your answer in decimal (do not round). For example, write 0.004 instead of 0.4%.
The M2 measure of the portfolio is 17.5% (0.175 in decimal form).M2 measure = (Excess return of the portfolio / Excess return of the benchmark).
The M2 measure of a portfolio compares its risk-adjusted return to that of a benchmark. It is calculated by subtracting the risk-free rate from the excess return of the portfolio divided by the excess return of the benchmark, multiplied by the benchmark's standard deviation.
Given:
Expected return of the portfolio (Rp) = 11%
Standard deviation of the portfolio (σp) = 25%
Expected return of the benchmark (Rb) = 9%
Standard deviation of the benchmark (σb) = 14%
Risk-free rate (Rf) = 1%
First, let's calculate the excess return of the portfolio:
Excess return of the portfolio = Rp - Rf = 11% - 1% = 10%
Next, let's calculate the excess return of the benchmark:
Excess return of the benchmark = Rb - Rf = 9% - 1% = 8%
Now, let's calculate the M2 measure:
M2 measure = (Excess return of the portfolio / Excess return of the benchmark) * σb
= (10% / 8%) * 14%
= 1.25 * 14%
= 17.5%
Therefore, the M2 measure of the portfolio is 17.5% (0.175 in decimal form).
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You are a consultant to a firm evaluating an expansion of its current business. The cash-flow forecasts (in millions of dollars) for the project are as follows: Years e 1-10 a. On the basis of the behavior of the firm's stock, you believe that the beta of the firm is 1.45. Assume that the rate of return available on risk-free investments is 6% and that the expected rate of return on the market portfolio is 14%. Cash Flow- -100 +18 a. What is the project IRR? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places. b. What is the cost of capital for the project? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places. c. Does the accept-reject decision using IRR agree with the decision using NPV? IRR b. Cost of capital c. Does the accept-reject decision using IRR agree with the decision using NPV?
a. To calculate the project's internal rate of return (IRR), we need to find the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of the project's cash flows equal to zero. In this case, the cash flows are -$100 million in Year 0 and +$18 million per year for Years 1-10.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, we can calculate the IRR as follows:
-100 + 18/(1+IRR)^1 + 18/(1+IRR)^2 + ... + 18/(1+IRR)^10 = 0
The IRR represents the discount rate that solves this equation. By solving it, we find that the project's IRR is approximately 22.12%.
b. The cost of capital for the project is the rate of return required by investors to undertake the project, given its level of risk. In this case, we can use the firm's beta, the risk-free rate, and the expected rate of return on the market portfolio to calculate the cost of capital using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).
Cost of capital = Risk-free rate + Beta × (Expected market return - Risk-free rate)
Cost of capital = 6% + 1.45 × (14% - 6%)
Cost of capital = 6% + 1.45 × 8%
Cost of capital = 6% + 11.6%
Cost of capital = 17.6%
Therefore, the cost of capital for the project is approximately 17.6%.
c. The accept-reject decision using IRR will agree with the decision using NPV if the IRR is greater than the project's cost of capital. In this case, the IRR is 22.12%, which is higher than the cost of capital of 17.6%. Therefore, the project should be accepted based on the IRR criterion.
To confirm if the decision using NPV agrees, we would need to calculate the NPV of the project by discounting the cash flows at the cost of capital. If the NPV is positive, it would further support the decision to accept the project.
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Proprietor: Ms. Nicole Coffeur Name: Teenage Style Bag Description: Hair and Beauty Salon 10 4 2,101 The business has the following opening balances: Cash At Bank Account Receivable Motor Vehicle Account Payable Bank Loan (due 2022) Hair Styling Equipment Hair Styling Supplies Capital $15,753 $20.650 $39,016 $9.286 $24,527 $18.419 $719 ? Additional Information: Bank loan interest rates (% per year) Motor vehicle useful life (years) Motor vehicle scrap value ($) Insurance paid for months) Rent paid for months) Hair styling equipment useful life (years) Hair styling equipment scrap value ($) Closing stock of hair styling supplies on 30/6 ($) Staff work a 14 day fortnight and are paid on the 15th day. 3,624 422 Transactions: Date Description 1-Jun Paid General Insurance 3-Jun Motor Vehicle Expenses 4-Jun Receive Payment from Account Customers 6-Jun Hair styling fees - Account 8-Jun Manicure services - Account 9-Jun Sundry Expenses 10-Jun Hair styling fees - Cash 12-Jun Purchase hair styling supplies - account 14-Jun Receive Payment from Account Customers 15-Jun Cash Withdrawals by Owner 17-Jun Facial services fees - Cash 19-Jun Payment to Account Payable 22-Jun Manicure services - Account 29-Jun Staff Wages Amount $2.806 $551 $1,331 $1,959 $1,241 $324 $1,266 $920 $1.060 $845 $1,395 $1,217 $1,130 $2.417 Date Description 2-Jun Facial services fees - Cash 3-Jun Rent of Business Premises 6-Jun Hair styling fees - Cash 7-Jun Advertising Expense - Cash 8-Jun Purchase books and magazines 10-Jun Facial services fees - Cash 11-Jun Payment to Account Payable 12-Jun Advertising Expense - Account 15-Jun Staff Wages 17-Jun Manicure services - Cash 19-Jun Manicure services - Cash 20-Jun Hair styling fees - Account 24-Jun Additional cash contributed by owner Amount $1,678 $3,972 $1,448 $933 $100 $1,645 $1,457 $1,263 $2,417 $825 $906 $1,536 $4.518 Comments: Assume that this assignment involves an existing business that was purchased by the new owner on 1 June 2019. - Note the list of transactions is in date order, left to right, line by line. - Use three separate ledger accounts for revenue, namely hair styling services, manicure services and facial services. All revenues relate to the month of June. - Transactions involve cash unless specified as 'Account - Record payments for rent and insurance in prepaid accounts initially. - Information relevant to complete adjusting entries can be found in the top right section of this page. - The periods to which the rent and insurance apply commence on 1 June. - Round your calculations to the nearest dollar.
In this scenario, the business is a hair and beauty salon owned by Ms. Nicole Coffeur. Transactions accurately in the appropriate accounts to maintain accurate financial records.
We have been provided with a list of opening balances and a series of transactions that occurred during the month of June.
The opening balances for the business are as follows:
- Cash at Bank: $15,753
- Accounts Receivable: $20,650
- Motor Vehicle: $39,016
- Accounts Payable: $9,286
- Bank Loan (due 2022): $24,527
- Hair Styling Equipment: $18,419
- Hair Styling Supplies: $719
- Capital: $39,016
Now, let's go through the transactions that took place during June:
1. On June 1st, the business paid $2,806 for general insurance. This expense should be recorded in the prepaid accounts initially.
2. On June 2nd, the business received $1,678 in cash for facial services fees.
3. On June 3rd, the business paid $551 for motor vehicle expenses.
4. On June 3rd, the business also paid $3,972 for rent of the business premises. The rent and insurance payments should be recorded in prepaid accounts initially.
5. On June 4th, the business received a payment of $1,331 from account customers.
6. On June 6th, the business received $1,959 in hair styling fees in cash.
7. On June 7th, the business paid $1,448 for advertising expenses in cash.
8. On June 8th, the business purchased books and magazines for $933 in cash.
9. On June 8th, the business also made a purchase of hair styling supplies on account, totaling $1,241.
10. On June 9th, the business incurred $324 in sundry expenses.
11. On June 10th, the business received $1,266 in cash for hair styling fees.
12. On June 11th, the business paid $1,457 to account payable.
13. On June 12th, the business incurred an advertising expense of $1,263 on account.
14. On June 12th, the business also made a cash withdrawal of $2,417 by the owner.
15. On June 14th, the business received a payment of $1,130 from account customers.
16. On June 15th, the business paid staff wages amounting to $2,417.
17. On June 17th, the business received $2,417 in cash for manicure services.
18. On June 19th, the business made a cash payment of $825 for manicure services.
19. On June 19th, the business also received $906 in cash for manicure services.
20. On June 20th, the business earned $1,536 for hair styling fees on account.
21. On June 22nd, the business earned $1,395 in cash for manicure services.
22. On June 24th, the owner made an additional cash contribution of $4,518.
23. On June 29th, the business paid staff wages amounting to $1,130.
To summarize, these are the key transactions and their respective amounts for the hair and beauty salon owned by Ms. Nicole Coffeur in June:
- General Insurance payment: $2,806
- Facial services fees (cash): $1,678
- Motor Vehicle expenses: $551
- Rent of Business Premises: $3,972
- Payment from account customers: $1,331
- Hair styling fees (cash): $1,959
- Advertising expenses (cash): $1,448
- Purchase of books and magazines: $933
- Purchase of hair styling supplies (account): $1,241
- Sundry expenses: $324
- Manicure services fees (cash): $1,266
- Payment to account payable: $1,457
- Advertising expenses (account): $1,263
- Cash withdrawal by owner: $2,417
- Payment from account customers: $1,130
- Staff wages: $2,417
- Manicure services fees (cash): $2,417
- Payment for manicure services (cash): $825
- Payment for manicure services (cash): $906
- Hair styling fees (account): $1,536
- Hair styling fees (cash): $1,395
- Additional cash contributed by owner: $4,518
- Staff wages: $1,130
These transactions represent the financial activities of the salon during the month of June. It is important to record and categorize these transactions accurately in the appropriate accounts to maintain accurate financial records.
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You are a manager in charge of monitoring cash flow at a major publisher. Paper books comprise 80 percent of your revenues, which grow about 5 percent annually. You recently received a preliminary report that suggests the growth rate in ebook reading has leveled off, and that the cross-price elasticity of demand between paper books and ebooks is −0.3. In 2019, your company earned about $100 million from sales of ebooks and about $400 million from sales of paper books. If your data analytics team estimates the own price elasticity of demand for paper books is −2.5, how will a 2 percent decrease in the price of paper books affect your overall revenues from both paper books and ebooks sales? Instructions: Enter your response rounded to one decimal place. Your overall revenues will change by $ million.
A 2 percent decrease in the price of paper books will affect your overall revenues from both paper books and ebook sales by decreasing your overall revenues by $4.8 million.
The given data are:
Revenues from sales of ebooks = $100 million
Revenues from sales of paper books = $400 million
Own price elasticity of demand for paper books = -2.5
Cross-price elasticity of demand between paper books and ebooks = -0.3
Percentage change in the price of paper books = -2%
As per the question, we need to find the change in overall revenues from both paper books and ebook sales.
Using the price elasticity formula, we have:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = Elasticity x Percentage change in price
For Paper Books, we get: -2.5 = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (-2%)
Quantity demanded will change by 5% (80% x -0.625)
Percentage change in quantity demanded for paper books = -5%
For E-Books, we get: -0.3 = (% Change in Quantity Demanded for E-books) / (-2%)
Quantity demanded for e-books will change by 0.6%
Percentage change in quantity demanded for e-books = 0.6%
Now, we calculate the change in revenues for paper books:
Change in revenues for paper books = 5% x $400 million x (-2%)
= -$40 million
Change in revenues for e-books = 0.6% x $100 million x (-2%)
= -$1.2 million
Therefore, the overall change in revenues from both paper books and e-books sales will be:
Change in revenues for both = -$40 million + (-$1.2 million)
= -$41.2 million
Thus, a 2 percent decrease in the price of paper books will affect your overall revenues from both paper books and e-book sales by decreasing your overall revenues by $4.8 million.
Therefore, a 2% decrease in the price of paper books will affect your overall revenues from both paper books and e-book sales by decreasing your overall revenues by $4.8 million.
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Consolidation theory a) IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates contains guidance on determining the functional currency for a foreign subsidiary Required: Discuss the factors that should be taken into account when determining the functional currency. (7 marks) (b) Daffodil plc is a UK listed company with the UK pound as its functional currency. Consolidated financial statements are prepared using the UK pound. Daffodil has 70% subsidiary, Orchid Limited. Orchid limited in located in Jamaica where the currency is the Jamaican dollar. All goods are produced by Daffodil in its UK factory and shipped to Orchid. Orchid sells these products in Jamaica. Orchid has to comply with local laws and regulations. Orchid employs its staff directly and pays wages, selling and distribution expenses and other expenses in Jamaican dollars. Any cash surplus generated by Orchid is retained by the company. Orchid has a long term loan finance from a Jamaican bank. Required: Evaluate how each of the above factors would contribute to determining the functional currency of Orchid and reach an appropriate conclusion as to what the functional currency of Orchid should be. (8 marks)
The factors that should be taken into account when determining the functional currency of a foreign subsidiary are as follows: primary economic environment, currency of sales and purchases, currency of expenses, and compliance with local laws and regulations.
Primary economic environment: The currency of the country where the subsidiary operates and generates its primary revenue and cash flows should be considered.
Currency of financing: The currency in which the subsidiary's financing, including loans and equity, is denominated should be taken into account.
Currency of sales and purchases: The currency in which the subsidiary conducts its sales and purchases should be considered.
Currency of expenses: The currency in which the subsidiary incurs its operating expenses, such as wages, rent, and utilities, should be considered.
Currency restrictions and regulations: Any local laws or regulations that restrict the subsidiary's ability to freely transact in a particular currency should be considered.
In the case of Orchid Limited, the factors influencing the determination of its functional currency are as follows:
Primary economic environment: Orchid generates its primary revenue and cash flows in Jamaican dollars, as it sells products in Jamaica.
Currency of financing: Although the existence of a long-term loan from a Jamaican bank suggests a potential influence of the Jamaican dollar, this factor alone is not determinative.
Currency of sales and purchases: Orchid conducts its sales and purchases in Jamaican dollars, further supporting the functional currency as the Jamaican dollar.
Currency of expenses: Orchid incurs its operating expenses, including wages and other expenses, in Jamaican dollars.
Currency restrictions and regulations: Orchid must comply with local laws and regulations in Jamaica, which may imply restrictions or requirements related to the use of the Jamaican dollar.
Considering the factors mentioned above, it is reasonable to conclude that the functional currency of Orchid Limited should be the Jamaican dollar. The primary economic environment, currency of sales and purchases, currency of expenses, and compliance with local laws and regulations all align with the Jamaican dollar as the functional currency. This determination is crucial for proper consolidation of Orchid's financial statements with Daffodil plc, enabling accurate reporting and analysis of the subsidiary's results in the context of the consolidated group.
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Customers are at the center of every company, and therefore it is important for businesses to be influenced by customer requests and pushes for different products, product features, or services. But customers frequently do not consider people, planet, and profit when making requests. In this discussion, you will consider how businesses can influence their customers to consider ethical approaches to people, planet, and profit.
What are the positive and negative impacts of the "Amazon effect" for customers?
The "Amazon effect" has brought benefits in terms of convenience and competitive pricing for customers, it also raises concerns about the impact on small businesses and ethical considerations.
The "Amazon effect" refers to the impact that Amazon's business model and practices have had on the retail industry and customer behavior. There are both positive and negative impacts of the "Amazon effect" for customers.
Positive impacts of the "Amazon effect" for customers include:
1. Convenience: Amazon's efficient delivery system and wide product selection provide convenience for customers who can easily find and purchase items online.
2. Competitive prices: Amazon's competitive pricing strategy often offers lower prices compared to traditional retailers, allowing customers to save money on their purchases.
3. Customer reviews: Amazon's review system provides customers with valuable feedback from other buyers, helping them make informed purchasing decisions.
Negative impacts of the "Amazon effect" for customers include:
1. Lack of personalized experience: The online shopping experience on Amazon can be impersonal, with limited interactions and lack of in-person assistance.
2. Impact on small businesses: Amazon's dominance in the market has had a negative impact on smaller retailers, leading to reduced competition and potential closure of local businesses.
3. Ethical concerns: Amazon has faced criticism regarding its labor practices and environmental impact, raising concerns about the ethical considerations of supporting such a large corporation.
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The use of pseudonyms or numerical identification of participants addresses which ethical consideration in reporting research?
A. Objectivity and Ideology
B. Protection of Study Participants
C. Honesty and Integrity
D. Avoiding Plaigarism
The use of pseudonyms or numerical identification of participants primarily addresses the ethical consideration of B. Protection of Study Participants.
When reporting research, it is essential to protect the confidentiality and anonymity of study participants.
Using pseudonyms or numerical identification codes instead of revealing their actual names or personal information helps ensure their privacy and protects them from potential harm or unintended consequences.
By assigning pseudonyms or numerical identifiers, researchers can maintain the confidentiality of participants' identities and maintain their right to privacy.
This practice is particularly important when dealing with sensitive or personal information that participants may share during the research process.
Furthermore, protecting the identities of study participants helps build trust and encourages participation in research studies. Participants are more likely to be honest and open in their responses when they know that their identities will remain anonymous.
While the other ethical considerations mentioned (A. Objectivity and Ideology, C. Honesty and Integrity, and D.
Avoiding Plagiarism) are also important in research reporting, the use of pseudonyms or numerical identification primarily falls under the purview of protecting the study participants' rights and privacy, making option B the most appropriate answer in this case.
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Please discuss strategic direction and its meaning.
Strategic direction is a crucial aspect of organizational management, and is essential for the long-term success of any organization. Organizations that prioritize strategic direction are more likely to be able to adapt to changes, prioritize resources effectively, and achieve their long-term goals and objectives.
Strategic direction is the procedure of outlining the long-term goals and objectives of an organization, and determining the most effective ways to achieve them. Strategic direction is a fundamental component of organizational management. This is because it guides an organization's efforts and provides it with a sense of purpose.Strategic direction is a framework that can aid in the management of change within an organization.
It is critical to establish a strategic direction that is flexible and adaptable, in order to anticipate and respond to unexpected events or changes. An organization that is able to quickly adapt to changing conditions will be more likely to thrive over the long term. It also assists in the prioritization of resources and ensures that all organizational activities are aligned with the organization's overall goals and objectives.
In conclusion, strategic direction is a crucial aspect of organizational management, and is essential for the long-term success of any organization. Organizations that prioritize strategic direction are more likely to be able to adapt to changes, prioritize resources effectively, and achieve their long-term goals and objectives.
Strategic direction is essential for organizations to achieve sustainable growth and success, and is a key element in the process of organizational change.
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Determine for ten of the following topics the best organizational method-sequent chronological, spatial, division and classification, decreasing order of importan increasing order of importance, general to specific, specific to general, or comparisc Then explain how consideration of audience and purpose might affect your decision - Explaining how to register for classes at your school - Supporting an argument against e-cigarette smoking - Determining the job that is right for you - Explaining how to get the job you want - Announcing the winners of a contest - Describing the emergency exit for a building - Determining the best tablet computer to buy - Explaining the changing K-12 educational system in your state - Supporting an argument for or against specific environmental-protection laws - Giving instructions for performing CPR - Reporting the results of a police stakeout or other police activity - Reporting on the different kinds of news, drama, and comedy programs on primetime network television - Giving instructions for preparing a five-course meal, including recipes - Reporting on the different types of media coverage of a world event (radio, television, Internet-including social media-etc.)
1. Explaining how to register for classes at your school: Sequential or chronological method.
2. Supporting an argument against e-cigarette smoking: Division and classification method.
3. Determining the job that is right for you: General to specific method.
4. Explaining how to get the job you want: Sequential or chronological method.
5. Announcing the winners of a contest: Increasing order of importance method.
6. Describing the emergency exit for a building: Spatial method.
7. Determining the best tablet computer to buy: Division and classification method.
8. Explaining the changing K-12 educational system in your state: Sequential or chronological method.
9. Supporting an argument for or against specific environmental-protection laws: Division and classification method.
10. Giving instructions for performing CPR: Sequential or chronological method.
1. When explaining a process like registering for classes, a sequential or chronological method provides a clear and logical flow of steps to follow.
2. Supporting an argument against e-cigarette smoking can benefit from a division and classification method, where different reasons and evidence are categorized and presented to build a strong case.
3. Determining the right job can be approached through a general to specific method, allowing individuals to explore broader considerations before narrowing down to specific job options.
4. Explaining how to get the job you want can be effectively communicated using a sequential or chronological method, providing a step-by-step guide on the job search process.
5. Announcing contest winners can be done in increasing order of importance, creating anticipation and building excitement by revealing the most significant winners last.
6. Describing the emergency exit for a building requires a spatial method, providing a clear visual description of the exit locations and layout.
7. Determining the best tablet computer can be approached using a division and classification method, comparing and categorizing different tablets based on features, performance, and price.
8. Explaining the changing K-12 educational system in your state can be effectively presented using a sequential or chronological method, highlighting the timeline and sequence of events leading to the changes.
9. Supporting an argument for or against environmental-protection laws can benefit from a division and classification method, organizing reasons and evidence into categories to strengthen the argument.
10. Giving instructions for performing CPR is best communicated using a sequential or chronological method, providing a clear step-by-step guide to ensure proper execution of the life-saving technique.
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Crane Ltd. had the following share transactions during its first year of operations:
Jan. 6 Issued 196,000 common shares for $1.50 per share.
Jan. 12 Issued 49,000 common shares for $1.75 per share.
Mar. 17 Issued 1,000 preferred shares for $105 per share.
July 18 Issued 980,000 common shares for $2 per share.
Nov. 17 Reacquired 196,000 common shares for $1.95 per share.
Dec. 30 Reacquired 147,000 common shares for $1.80 per share.
Journalize the transactions. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Round average per share to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Jan. 6Jan. 12Mar. 17July 18Nov. 17Dec. 30
(Issued common shares for cash.) Jan. 6Jan. 12Mar. 17July 18Nov. 17Dec. 30
(Issued common shares for cash.) Jan. 6Jan. 12Mar. 17July 18Nov. 17Dec. 30
(Issued preferred shares for cash.) Jan. 6Jan. 12Mar. 17July 18Nov. 17Dec. 30
(Issued common shares for cash.) Nov. 17
(To record reacquisition of
common shares.) Jan. 6Jan. 12Mar. 17July 18Nov. 17Dec. 30
(To record reacquisition of
common shares.) eTextbook and Media
List of Accounts
Question Part Score
--/14
How many common shares remain at the end of the year and what is their average per share? (Round average per share to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75.)
Remaining common shares Average per share $
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The common shares remaining at the end of the year were 0 shares, and their average per share was $0.88.
Crane Ltd. had several share transactions during its first year of operations. These transactions are as follows:
Jan. 6 Issued 196,000 common shares for $1.50 per share.
Jan. 12 Issued 49,000 common shares for $1.75 per share.
Mar. 17 Issued 1,000 preferred shares for $105 per share.
July 18 Issued 980,000 common shares for $2 per share.
Nov. 17 Reacquired 196,000 common shares for $1.95 per share.
Dec. 30 Reacquired 147,000 common shares for $1.80 per share.
The journal entries for the transactions would be:
Jan. 6 Cash 294,000 Common Stock 294,000
Jan. 12 Cash 85,750 Common Stock 85,750
Mar. 17 Cash 105,000 Preferred Stock 105,000
July 18 Cash 1,960,000 Common Stock 1,960,000
Nov. 17 Treasury Stock 382,200 Cash 382,200 [196,000 shares × $1.95 per share]
Dec. 30 Treasury Stock 264,600 Cash 264,600 [147,000 shares × $1.80 per share]
The remaining common shares would be:196,000 - 196,000 = 0 shares1,127,000 + 147,000 = 1,274,000 sharesThe average per share would be:$1,127,000 ÷ 1,274,000 shares = $0.88 per share.
The common shares remaining at the end of the year were 0 shares, and their average per share was $0.88.
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If there is a decrease in the desire of foreigners to purchase goods and services from the U.S. and put money in U.S. banks and businesses, then how would this affect the U.S. foreign exchange market? a. the equilibrium quantity of foreign currency would decrease and the U.S. dollar would depreciate. b. the equilibrium quantity of foreign currency would increase and the U.S. dollar would depreciate C. the equilibrium quantity of foreign currency would decrease and the U.S. dollar would appreciate d. the equilibrium quantity of foreign currency would increase and the U.S. dollar would appreciate
If there is a decrease in the desire of foreigners to purchase goods and services from the U.S. and put money in U.S. banks and businesses, then this will affect the U.S. foreign exchange market by decreasing the equilibrium quantity of foreign currency and depreciating the U.S. dollar. (A)
If the demand for U.S. exports, as well as for U.S. securities and other investments, drops, it will result in a decrease in the demand for U.S. dollars.
If the demand for U.S. dollars declines, the value of the dollar relative to other currencies will decrease, and the exchange rate will fall. As a result, the U.S. currency will depreciate.
To equalize the demand for and supply of foreign currency in the foreign exchange market, the exchange rate must adjust to balance these factors.
This is accomplished through an increase in the price of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar, or in other words, a decrease in the exchange rate.
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An emergency room requires patients to first check in at a kiosk before placing the patient in a treatment room. There is only one kiosk and only one doctor on call. Patients take an average of 14 minutes to complete the kiosk check in and then 45 in the treatment room. Assume Poisson arrivals and exponential process times with the first station utilized 100%. The waiting area to get into the treatment area can only hold 4 patients.
1. What is the average number of applicants in the system, the throughput, and the average cycle time?
2. How much is TH reduced from the case where there is no limit on the number of applicants in the waiting area?
1. In the given scenario, where there is one kiosk and one doctor on call, we can calculate the average number of applicants in the system, the throughput, and the average cycle time. The arrival rate is determined by the average time it takes to complete the kiosk check-in, and the service rate is determined by the average treatment room time. By using the formulas for these performance measures, we can obtain the values.
2. To determine how much the throughput (TH) is reduced when there is a limit on the number of applicants in the waiting area, we need to compare it to the case where there is no limit. By considering Little's Law, which states that the average number of applicants in a system is equal to the average arrival rate multiplied by the average cycle time, we can calculate the throughput for both cases and compare the difference.
1. The average number of applicants in the system can be calculated using the formula:
Average number in system = Arrival rate / (Service rate - Arrival rate).
In this case, the arrival rate is determined by the time it takes to complete the kiosk check-in (14 minutes), and the service rate is determined by the treatment room time (45 minutes).
The throughput can be calculated as the arrival rate or the service rate, whichever is smaller. The average cycle time is calculated as the reciprocal of the throughput.
2. When there is no limit on the number of applicants in the waiting area, the average cycle time is determined by the service rate alone. However, when there is a limit on the number of applicants in the waiting area (in this case, 4), the average cycle time is affected.
By applying Little's Law, we can calculate the throughput in both cases and compare the difference. The reduction in throughput occurs because some applicants may be turned away or delayed if the waiting area is full, resulting in a lower throughput compared to the case with no limit on the waiting area.
By analyzing the given information and applying the relevant formulas, we can determine the average number of applicants in the system, the throughput, and the average cycle time. Additionally, by considering the impact of a limited waiting area on the throughput, we can assess how much the throughput is reduced in comparison to the case without a limit.
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Suppose a 5% tax is placed on the sale of your good or service ( Service is carpentry construction)
1. Describe what happens to the supply curve, demand curve, equilibrium price, and equilibrium quantity in the market for your good or service.
2. Identify the type of tax imposed.
3. Explain possible objectives for why the tax was imposed
1. Supply curve shifts up, decreasing quantity supplied and increasing equilibrium price. Demand curve stays unchanged, resulting in a lower equilibrium quantity.
2. Indirect or specific tax.
3. Possible objectives: revenue generation, redistribution of wealth, encouraging alternative sectors, regulation and control, correcting market externalities.
1. The supply curve shifts upward due to the tax, decreasing the quantity supplied and increasing the equilibrium price. The demand curve remains unchanged, resulting in a decrease in equilibrium quantity.
When a tax of 5% is imposed on the sale of carpentry construction services, it affects the market dynamics. The supply curve represents the relationship between the price and the quantity of services supplied, while the demand curve represents the relationship between the price and the quantity of services demanded.
With the tax, the cost of providing carpentry construction services increases for suppliers. As a result, the supply curve shifts upward. This means that at any given price, suppliers are willing to supply a lower quantity of services.
However, the demand curve remains unchanged, as the tax does not directly affect consumers' willingness to pay for the services. Thus, the equilibrium point is affected. The new equilibrium price increases due to the decreased quantity supplied, while the equilibrium quantity decreases.
2. The type of tax imposed is an indirect or specific tax, specifically a 5% tax on the sale of carpentry construction services.
3. There could be various objectives for imposing the tax on carpentry construction services. Some possible objectives may include:
- Revenue generation: The government might impose the tax to generate additional revenue that can be used for public goods and services, such as infrastructure development or education.
- Redistribution of wealth: The tax could be implemented as a means to redistribute wealth by collecting funds from the carpentry construction industry and allocating them towards social welfare programs or assisting disadvantaged groups.
- Encouraging alternative sectors: By imposing a tax on carpentry construction services, the government may aim to incentivize individuals and businesses to explore alternative sectors or industries, thus diversifying the economy.
- Regulation and control: The tax could be implemented to regulate and control the carpentry construction industry, ensuring compliance with quality standards, licensing requirements, or environmental regulations.
- Correcting market externalities: If there are negative externalities associated with carpentry construction services, such as environmental pollution or noise disturbances, the tax might be imposed to internalize these costs and encourage more sustainable practices.
It's important to note that the specific objectives for imposing the tax would depend on the policies and priorities of the government implementing it.
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To celebrate the removal of travel restrictions, you decide to take a long overseas holiday to Europe. You will travel around Europe for 288 days. To fund your overseas trip, you decide to invest some money. You can invest in Australia, where annualised 288-day interest rates are currently 2.84%. Alternatively, you can convert your Australian dollars into Euros at a current spot rate of AUD0.8231/EUR and invest at an annualised 288-day interest rate of 6.1% in Europe. If interest rate parity holds, what is the annualised forward premium or discount that the Euro should trade at (relative to the Australian dollar) in the 288-day forward market? Assume one year equals 360 days.
a. 2.55%
b. -2.56%
c. 3.19%
d. -2.49%
e. -3.11%
The annualized forward premium that Euro should trade at in 288-day forward market is (e) -3.11%.
In Europe, the annualized 288-day interest-rate is 6.1%,
In Australia, the annualized 288-day interest-rate is 2.84%,
The number of days is = 288 days,
The Annualized Forward Premium of Euro can be calculated by the formula : [ {1/(1 + Euro-Rate × days/360)}/(1 + Aus-Rate × days/360) - 1] × 360/days,
Substituting the values,
We get,
The Annualized Forward Premium of Euro : [ {1/(1 + 6.1% × 288/360)}/(1 + 2.84 × 288/360) - 1] × 360/288,
The Annualized Forward Premium of Euro : -3.11%.
Therefore, the correct option is (e).
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8 3.22 points eBook Find the APR, or stated rate, in each of the following cases. (Use 365 days in a year. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Stated Rate (APR) Number of Times Effective Rate (EAR)
Compounded
_________ % Semiannually 15,3%
_________ % Monthly 8,7%
_________ % Weekly 9.4%
_________ % Daily 14.9 %
Stated Rate (APR) Compounded Semiannually: 15.54%, Stated Rate (APR) Compounded Monthly: 9.13%, Stated Rate (APR) Compounded Weekly: 9.70%, Stated Rate (APR) Compounded Daily: 16.15%
To find the Stated Rate (APR), we can use the formula for the Effective Annual Rate (EAR) and solve for the Stated Rate. The formula for EAR is:
EAR = (1 + r/n)ⁿ - 1
Where r is the Stated Rate (APR) and n is the number of compounding periods per year.
For the given cases:
In the first case, the EAR is 15.3%. Since the compounding is done semiannually (twice a year), we can set n = 2 in the formula. Rearranging the formula to solve for r, we have:
15.3% = (1 + r/2)² - 1
Solving this equation yields r ≈ 15.54%.
In the second case, the EAR is 8.7%. With monthly compounding (12 times a year), we set n = 12 and solve the equation:
8.7% = (1 + r/12)¹² - 1
Solving for r gives us r ≈ 9.13%.
For the third case, the EAR is 9.4% with weekly compounding (52 times a year). Setting n = 52 and solving the equation:
9.4% = (1 + r/52)⁵² - 1
We find r ≈ 9.70%.
Lastly, in the fourth case, the EAR is 14.9% with daily compounding (365 times a year). Setting n = 365 and solving the equation:
14.9% = (1 + r/365)³⁶⁵ - 1
Solving for r yields r ≈ 16.15%.
Therefore, the Stated Rates (APR) for the respective compounding periods are approximately 15.54%, 9.13%, 9.70%, and 16.15%.
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Consider yourself working for an ad agency in Vancouver. The agency has secured the Nike Account ( like in the movie "What woman want"). Nike has entrusted your company with these tasks: Background: Nike wants to launch women's sneakers exclusively for the Canadian markets (This would be your product if you are a guy)/Nike is launching men's sneakers exclusively for Canadian markets ( This would be your product if you are a girl). P.S: For the men in the class, the product you will be launching is Women's Sneakers for the Canadian Markets For the women in the class, the product you will be launching is the Men's Sneakers for the Canadian Markets Q1. Since Nike stores are already established in Canada, suggest a product line extensionfor men/women and explain why. (Eg: Nike already has women's running shoes. Product Line Extension Example- Nike could launch shoes for ice hockey for women as Ice Hockey is a popular sport in Canada).
With the rise of athleisure fashion, Nike can launch men's sneakers that are designed for both athletic activities and fashion purposes. These products should look good and have the right balance of performance and style.
As an ad agency working for Nike, I would suggest a product line extension for men in the Canadian market.
Considering that Nike already has established stores in Canada, a potential product line extension could be Nike's line of men's outdoor shoes.
Canada is known for its vast wilderness and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and trail running.
By introducing a specialized line of outdoor shoes for men, Nike can tap into the Canadian market's demand for high-quality and performance-driven footwear suitable for outdoor adventures.
The men's outdoor shoe line could feature innovative designs with enhanced durability, superior traction, and waterproof or weather-resistant materials.
Nike could incorporate advanced technologies like shock absorption, breathable fabrics, and supportive features to cater to the specific needs of outdoor enthusiasts.
This product line extension would not only complement Nike's existing range of men's shoes but also align with the Canadian market's affinity for outdoor activities.
By expanding into the men's outdoor shoe segment, Nike can leverage its brand reputation, capitalize on the growing interest in outdoor pursuits, and cater to the needs and preferences of Canadian consumers.
This strategic product line extension would enable Nike to capture a larger market share and strengthen its position as a leading footwear brand in Canada.
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Golfer Matt Kuchar won the U.S. Amateur in 1997, and got an automatic invitation to the Masters in 1998 (page 475 of your textbook). Instead of going pro, Matt decided to stay at Georgia Tech for 3 more years. In 2001, when he turned pro, Matt’s expected salary was $500,000 per year.
Had he turned professional in 1998, Matt would have earned $2 million per year in endorsements.
Suppose Matt Kuchar wants to find the Future Value of his 3 years of lost income as of 2000. Also assume that the discount rate is 10%.
What is the Future Value of Matt’s lost income as of 2000?
Hint: Compound the lost income in 1998 and 1999 using the discount rate.
The future value of Matt Kuchar's lost income as of 2000 would be $4,620,000.
To calculate the future value of Matt Kuchar's lost income as of 2000, we need to compound the income he would have earned in 1998 and 1999 using the discount rate of 10%.
First, let's calculate the future value of his lost income in 1998. Matt would have earned $2 million per year in endorsements if he had turned professional in 1998. To find the future value of this income, we can use the formula:
Future Value = Present Value * (1 + Discount Rate)^Number of Periods
Using the formula, the future value of his lost income in 1998 would be:
Future Value in 1998 = $2,000,000 * (1 + 0.10)^2 = $2,000,000 * (1.10)^2 = $2,000,000 * 1.21 = $2,420,000
Next, let's calculate the future value of his lost income in 1999. Again, using the same formula:
Future Value in 1999 = $2,000,000 * (1 + 0.10)^1 = $2,000,000 * (1.10)^1 = $2,200,000
Now, we can find the total future value of his lost income by adding the future values of 1998 and 1999:
Total Future Value = Future Value in 1998 + Future Value in 1999
Total Future Value = $2,420,000 + $2,200,000 = $4,620,000
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Tools that can be used for collecting primary data include survey
research, interviews, observation, and data from census
bureaus.
Correct, tools that can be used for collecting primary data include:Surveys: Surveys involve asking questions to a sample of individuals or organizations to gather data.
Surveys can be conducted through various methods, such as online surveys, paper surveys, phone interviews, or face-to-face interviews.Interviews: Interviews involve direct conversations with individuals or groups to gather information. Interviews can be structured (following a predetermined set of questions) or unstructured (allowing for open-ended discussions). They can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through video calls.Observation: Observation involves directly observing and recording behaviors, events, or phenomena. It can be done in a natural setting or a controlled environment. Observational data can be collected through participant observation (actively participating while observing) or non-participant observation (observing without direct involvement).
Data from Census Bureaus: Census bureaus or national statistical agencies collect a wide range of data through national censuses or surveys. These data sources can provide comprehensive and reliable information on various demographics, socioeconomic factors, and other relevant aspects.
These primary data collection methods allow researchers to gather firsthand information directly from the source. They provide an opportunity to collect specific, targeted data that aligns with the research objectives. Researchers can tailor the questions or observations to their research needs and gain insights directly from the participants or the observed phenomena.
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Imagine that the state legislature in California wishes to pass a law that would declare all unused gift cards to be abandoned property after two years, at which time the value of those gift cards would become the property of the state of California. This law will be based on a Oklahoma law described in the video above.
Some points on one side of the argument can be summarized as follows: merchants wish to sell gift cards to their customers, who often buy them for gifts or for their own use. Merchants believe that gift cards create goodwill for the company, because customers who hold those gift cards are constantly reminded that they can shop at the merchant’s place of business whenever they wish. Additionally, merchant-services businesses, such as American Express, receive the same benefit. Likewise, the profit associated with merchant-issued gift cards and merchant-services issued gift cards might be lost to the merchants or merchant-services providers in states where unused gift cards go to the state. Additionally, people who own gift cards may view them as "money in the bank," reserving those cards to be used as needed. People tend to think that they own the value of the gift card in the same way that they think about owning their money. People are generally unaccustomed to thinking about the government "taking" their property if the property is not used.
On the other side of the argument, in times of great economic challenge, unused gift cards represent many millions of dollars that might be put to good use for public needs such as funding schools, fixing roads, or paying firefighters.
You have been asked to write a recommendation memo to your Board of Directors, which will help inform its decision as to whether it should support or denounce the proposed law. Write the memo, using outside sources as necessary. Set forth at least three clear and well-supported arguments in support of your position, while acknowledging and addressing the other side of the argument. Then answer the following questions:
1. What did you rely on when reaching your recommendation? The law? An ethical analysis? Both?
2. Why are many consumers upset about these types of "unused gift card escheatment" laws? After all, if they aren’t using the gift cards anyhow, why shouldn’t the state benefit from their value?
3. Why are some merchants and merchant-services unhappy about these "unused gift card escheatment" laws? Why do they care about who receives the benefit of the card?
The recommendation memo to the Board of Directors would support the proposed law declaring unused gift cards as abandoned property after two years, with the value reverting to the state of California.
Three arguments in support of this position are:
1) the potential revenue generated from unused gift cards can be directed towards public needs and services,
2) the law ensures fairness by preventing the loss of value for consumers, and
3) it aligns with the principles of unclaimed property laws aimed at protecting consumer rights and preventing unjust enrichment. Merchants and merchant-services providers may unhappy be with these laws because they lose out on potential profit associated with unused gift cards.
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Financing Deficit
Garlington Technologies Inc.'s 2021 financial statements are shown below:
Income Statement for December 31, 2021
Sales $4,000,000
Operating costs 3,200,000
EBIT $ 800,000
Interest 120,000
Pre-tax earnings $ 680,000
Taxes (25%) 170,000
Net income 510,000
Dividends $ 190,000
Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021
Cash $ 160,000 Accounts payable $ 360,000
Receivables 360,000 Line of credit 0
Inventories 720,000 Accruals 200,000
Total CA $1,240,000 Total CL $ 560,000
Fixed assets 4,000,000 Long-term bonds 1,000,000
Total Assets $5,240,000 Common stock 1,100,000
RE 2,580,000
Total L&E $5,240,000
Suppose that in 2022 sales increase to $4.8 million and that 2022 dividends will increase to $168,000. Forecast the financial statements using the forecasted financial statement method. Assume the firm operated at full capacity in 2021. The long-term bonds have an interest rate of 12%. New financing will be with a line of credit. Assume it will be added at the end of the year. Cash does not earn any interest income. Enter your answers as positive values. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to the nearest dollar.
Garlington Technologies Inc.
Pro Forma Income Statement
December 31, 2022
Sales $
Operating costs $
EBIT $
Interest $
Pre-tax earnings $
Taxes (25%) $
Net income $
Dividends: $
Addition to RE: $
Garlington Technologies Inc.
Pro Forma Balance Statement
December 31, 2022
Cash $
Receivables $
Inventories $
Total current assets $
Fixed assets $
Total assets $
Accounts payable $
Line of credit $
Accruals $
Total current liabilities $
LT bonds $
Common stock $
Retained earnings $
Total L&E $
Pro Forma Income Statement:Sales: $4,800,000Operating costs: $3,840,000EBIT: $960,000Interest: $120,000Pre-tax earnings: $840,000Taxes (25%):
$210,000Net income: $630,000Dividends: $168,000Addition to RE: $462,000Pro Forma Balance Sheet:Cash: $160,000Receivables: $480,000Inventories: $960,000Total current assets: $1,600,000Fixed assets: $4,000,000Total assets: $5,600,000Accounts payable: $360,000Line of credit: $0Accruals: $200,000Total current liabilities: $560,000LT bonds: $1,000,000Common stock: $1,100,000Retained earnings: $2,942,000Total L&E: $5,600,000Based on the given information, the sales for 2022 are projected to be $4.8 million. The operating costs are estimated to be 80% of sales. Therefore, operating costs for 2022 are projected to be $3.84 million. Using this information, we can calculate the EBIT, interest, pre-tax earnings, taxes, net income, and dividends for 2022.For the balance sheet, the current assets, including cash, receivables, and inventories, are determined based on the projected sales. The total current assets are calculated accordingly. The fixed assets remain the same at $4 million.The liabilities section includes accounts payable and accruals, which remain the same. The long-term bonds also remain unchanged at $1 million. The common stock and retained earnings are adjusted based on the dividends paid and the addition to retained earnings. The total liabilities and equity are calculated accordingly.
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The Tribiani Company just issued a dividend of $2.90 per share on its common stock. The company is expected to maintain a constant 6 percent growth rate in its dividends indefinitely. If the stock sells for $58 a share, what is the company's cost of equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
To calculate the company's cost of equity, we can use the Gordon
The company's cost of equity is 11%.
Growth Model (also known as the Dividend Discount Model):
Cost of Equity = Dividend / Stock Price + Growth Rate
Given:
Dividend = $2.90
Stock Price = $58
Growth Rate = 6% or 0.06
Cost of Equity = $2.90 / $58 + 0.06
Cost of Equity = 0.05 + 0.06
Cost of Equity = 0.11 or 11%
Therefore, the company's cost of equity is 11%.
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Reece Suesue commenced a business on 1 April 2021 and for the year ended 31 March 2022 he would like to claim maximum depreciation for the following assets which he purchased for his new business. Asset Date of acquisition Cost ($) Recording equipment 4 April 2021 1,500 Radio telecommunication 11 May 2021 2,000 Decking machine 9 April 2021 18,000 Micro-processor machinery 20 May 2021 42,000 Inland Revenue’s depreciation rates Item DV depreciation Rate (%) SL depreciation rate (%) Recording equipment 48 36 Radio telecommunication 28 23.5 Decking machine 20 18 Micro-processor machinery 25 22 Required: (a) Explain to Reece with appropriate reasoning how he can maximise his depreciation loss deduction.
Reece can claim a maximum depreciation loss deduction of $23,116. Depreciation is a reduction in the cost or value of an asset that occurs over time. It is usually based on the useful life of an asset. Reece can maximise his depreciation loss deduction by selecting the most appropriate depreciation method from the two methods used in New Zealand, which are straight-line depreciation and declining value depreciation. Straight-line depreciation is the simplest method for calculating depreciation.
It spreads the cost of an asset evenly over its useful life. The amount of depreciation deducted is the same each year. Declining balance depreciation is a more complex method for calculating depreciation. It allows for a higher rate of depreciation in the early years of an asset's life, gradually reducing the rate of depreciation as the asset ages. This method is useful for assets that depreciate faster in the early years of their useful life
. Based on the information given in the problem, the SL rate of depreciation is lower than the DV rate of depreciation for all the assets. So, Reece can choose the DV method for all the assets and claim maximum depreciation loss deduction.
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You are contemplating the purchase of a property for $5,000,000. Next year, the property NOI will be $400,000 and it is expected to grow by 3% each year. The lenders have indicated that they would be willing to finance the acquisition through a mortgage loan with a 5-year term, 20-year amortization and an interest rate of 7% but require a maximum LTV of 75% and a minimum DSCR of 1.25. Calculate the following:
a) The initial amount of the mortgage loan.
b) The property value at the end of 5 years if the cap rate decreases by a total of 1% during the five-year period
The property value at the end of 5 years would be approximately $7,909,241.33.
a) Initial amount of the mortgage loanInitial NOI = $400,000Since the lender requires a minimum DSCR of 1.25, the maximum mortgage constant, C, that can be used is:Mortgage constant, C = NOI / (Mortgage Loan)At a DSCR of 1.25, Cmax = 1 / 7.92%.Using Cmax, the maximum mortgage loan that can be borrowed = $400,000 / 7.92% = $5,050,505.05At a maximum LTV of 75%, the initial amount of the mortgage loan would be:Amount of Mortgage Loan = $5,000,000 x 75% = $3,750,000b) Property value at the end of 5 yearsSince NOI grows at 3% per year,
NOI in year 5, NOI5, will be: NOI5 = NOI x (1 + growth rate)⁵NOI5 = $400,000 x (1 + 3%)⁵= $474,554.48Using the mortgage constant of 7.92%:Amount of Mortgage Loan = Annual Debt Service / Mortgage ConstantAnnual Debt Service = Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) x NOIAnnual Debt Service = 1.25 x $474,554.48 = $593,193.10Amount of Mortgage Loan = $593,193.10 / 7.92% = $7,496,928.29The new property value, V5, would be:V5 = NOI5 / Cap Rate5Cap Rate decreases by 1%, so the Cap Rate in year 5 will be:Cap Rate5 = Cap Rate0 - 1% = 7% - 1% = 6%V5 = NOI5 / Cap Rate5V5 = $474,554.48 / 6% = $7,909,241.33Therefore, the property value at the end of 5 years would be approximately $7,909,241.33.
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Direct Labor Variances for a Service Company
Mexicali On the Go Inc. owns and operates food trucks (mobile kitchens) throughout the west coast. The company’s employees have varying wage levels depending on their experience and length of time with the company. Employees work 8-hour shifts and are assigned to a truck each day based on labor needs to support the daily menu. One of its trucks, Donna’s Mobile Fiesta offers a single menu item that changes daily. On May 6, the truck prepared 70 of its most popular item, the Breakfast Enchilada. The following data are available for that day:
Quantity of direct labor used 16 hrs.
(2 employees, working 8-hour shifts) Actual rate for direct labor $15.40 per hr.
Standard direct labor per meal 0.2 hr.
Standard rate for direct labor $16.00 per hr.
a. Determine the direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total direct labor cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number. Round your answers to two decimal places.
Direct Labor Rate Variance $ Direct Labor Time Variance $ Total Direct Labor Cost Variance $ b. Discuss what might have caused these variances.
a. Direct labor rate variance = $-9.60, direct labor time variance is $32.00, total direct labor cost variance = $22.40 b. Difference in the actual rate paid to the labor compared to the standard rate specified for the labor causes variances.
a. Direct labor rate variance: The formula to calculate the direct labor rate variance is = Actual Hours Worked x (Actual Rate - Standard Rate)
As per the problem statement, Actual Rate for direct labor is $15.40 per hour and Standard Rate for direct labor is $16.00 per hour. So, the calculation of Direct labor rate variance is as follows:
Direct labor rate variance = 16 hours x ($15.40 - $16.00)
Direct labor rate variance = $-9.60
Direct labor time variance:
The formula to calculate the direct labor time variance is = Standard Rate x (Actual Hours Worked - Standard Hours Allowed)
As per the problem statement, Standard direct labor per meal is 0.2 hour. So, the calculation of Standard Hours Allowed is 0.2 x 70 = 14 hours.
So, the calculation of Direct labor time variance is as follows:
Direct labor time variance = $16.00 x (16 hours - 14 hours)
Direct labor time variance = $32.00
Total direct labor cost variance:
The formula to calculate the Total direct labor cost variance is = Direct Labor Rate Variance + Direct Labor Time Variance
Total direct labor cost variance = $-9.60 + $32.00
Total direct labor cost variance = $22.40
b. Difference in the actual rate paid to the labor as compared to the standard rate specified for the labor. Difference in the skills and experience of the workers compared to what was expected. The company's training and development policy and the period of employment with the company.
The Direct Labor Time Variance can occur due to the below possible reasons: The difference in the actual hours of labor worked as compared to the standard hours of labor allowed. Difference in the capacity utilization of the workforce in terms of actual hours worked versus the standard hours allowed.
The Total Direct Labor Cost Variance can occur due to the below possible reasons:Variations in labor efficiency and the difference in actual productivity compared to expected productivity. Differences in the wage rates of labor or actual hours worked versus the standard hours allowed.
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.Problem 10-3A Straight-Line: Amortization of bond premium LO P3 Ellis Company issues 7.5%, five-year bonds dated January 1, 2019, with a $440,000 par value. The bonds pay interest on June 30 and December 31 and are issued at a price of $468,150. The annual market rate is 6% on the issue date.
Required: 1. Complete the below table to calculate the total bond interest expense over the bonds' life.
2. Prepare a straight-line amortization table for the bonds’ life.
3. Prepare the journal entries to record the first two interest payments.
The data to calculate the total bond interest expense over the bond's life is given below.
1. Ellis Company Bond Amortization Schedule Table for Bond Life Date Total Interest.
Interest Expense:
2. Bond Premium Amortization Carrying Amount Jan. 1, 2019$468,150
June 30, 2019$15,012 $22,087 $(7,074)$461,076Dec. 31, 2019$22,064 $22,087 $(23)$461,053
June 30, 2020$22,064 $22,087 $(23)$461,030Dec. 31, 2020$22,064 $22,087 $(23)$461,007
June 30, 2021$22,064 $22,087 $(23)$460,984Dec. 31, 2021$22,064 $22,087 $(23)$460,961Total$132,332 $132,435 $(103)
3. The journal entries to record the first two interest payments are given below: June 30, 2019
Account Interest Expense: 15,012
Cash:15,012(To record the interest payment on June 30, 2019)Dec. 31, 2019
Account Title Debit Credit Bond Interest Expense: 22,064Cash22,064(To record the interest payment on December 31, 2019)
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Discuss and explain the cash funds that were generated from the company’s operating activities?
Cash funds generated from a company's operating activities refer to the amount of cash that is generated or used as a result of its core business operations.
To determine the cash funds generated from operating activities, the company's net income is adjusted for non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, changes in working capital, and other adjustments. Positive cash flows from operating activities indicate that the company's operations are generating more cash than it is using, which is a good sign for investors and creditors.
A company with consistently positive cash flows from operating activities is viewed as financially healthy because it has the ability to pay its bills and invest in growth opportunities without relying on external financing sources. Conversely, negative cash flows from operating activities can indicate problems such as declining sales, poor inventory management, or inefficient cost controls.
Investors and analysts use various metrics to evaluate a company's operating cash flows, including the operating cash flow ratio, free cash flow, and cash conversion cycle. These metrics help to provide valuable insights into a company's cash generation capabilities, liquidity, and overall financial health.
In summary, cash funds generated from operating activities are an important indicator of a company's financial performance and sustainability. Strong operating cash flows can provide companies with the resources needed to invest in new projects, pay down debt, and return capital to shareholders, while weak operating cash flows can signal potential financial distress and increased risk for investors and creditors.
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Business Legal issues. Who cares? You care. What is discrimination? What can discrimination be based on? Should I have a workplace practice? Can I hire whomever I want to? Can I ask any questions I want during an interview? Who determines the minimum wage I can pay an employee? Can I force an employee to sign an Employment Contract? What is that anyhow? What is a non-compete clause? Do I need to worry what is in it? Can I stop an ex-employee from becoming a competitor?
Business legal issues may seem like something that only lawyers should care about, but in reality, every business owner should be aware of these issues. Discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly or differently because of a particular characteristic.
Discrimination can be based on race, gender, age, sexual orientation, religion, and other factors. A workplace practice is necessary to ensure that all employees are treated fairly. However, you cannot hire whoever you want because there are certain laws that prohibit discrimination.
During an interview, you cannot ask any questions that are discriminatory or invasive. The minimum wage that you can pay an employee is determined by the state and federal laws. You cannot force an employee to sign an Employment Contract.
A non-compete clause is a provision that restricts an employee from working for a competitor after leaving the company. You need to worry about what is in it because it can have legal implications. You can try to stop an ex-employee from becoming a competitor, but it depends on the circumstances.
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The following table shows the effects of transactions 1 through 5 on the assets, liabilities, and equity of Mulan's Boutique. Match each transaction with its probable description Assets Llabilities Equity Accounts Receivable cash $ 22,000 4,00 + Supplies + $3,800 Land + $ 27,500 4,700 Accounts Payable $ Common Stock + Revenues + $ 58,308 + $8 1,170 + 1,170 2,750 1,170 - 1,170 2.75e 12,30 $4,970 $ 32,200 5 3 + $58,300 $2,750 Transaction Description The company collected $2.750 cash from an account receivable Show All Items < Prev 3 of 5 Next >
Based on the information provided, the transaction description that matches the effect on the assets, liabilities, and equity is Transaction 3: The company collected $2,750 cash from an account receivable.
This is a cash collection transaction from an accounts receivable. It increases the cash asset by $2,750 while decreasing the accounts receivable by the same amount. Because this transaction involves the conversion of an asset (accounts receivable) into cash, it has no effect on liabilities or equity.
It also has no effect on liabilities or equity because the transaction is on account, suggesting that the company owes the supplier money in the future.
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In 1,050 words Explain (No plagiarism)
The importance for these public leaders to be able to inspire their employees using motivation.
The unique context of public sector compensation. Discuss this in terms of difficulty public sector revenue sources.
Motivating public sector employees is crucial despite limited revenue sources and unique compensation challenges.
Public leaders play a crucial role in inspiring and motivating employees in the public sector, as their ability to motivate can significantly impact employee performance, job satisfaction, and the overall effectiveness of public organizations. Motivation is particularly important in the public sector due to its unique context and challenges, including the complexity of public sector compensation and the difficulty of relying on limited revenue sources.
Motivation is essential in the public sector for several reasons. Firstly, public sector employees are responsible for delivering critical services to the community, such as healthcare, education, public safety, and infrastructure development. The quality and efficiency of these services directly impact the well-being and satisfaction of citizens. Motivated employees are more likely to go the extra mile, demonstrate high performance, and deliver services effectively and efficiently, leading to improved outcomes for the public.
Secondly, public sector organizations often face various challenges and constraints, including bureaucratic structures, resource limitations, and legal frameworks that can hinder employee motivation. In such environments, effective leadership and motivation become even more critical to overcome these challenges and drive performance. Motivated employees are more likely to navigate through bureaucratic hurdles, find innovative solutions, and adapt to changing circumstances, leading to improved organizational effectiveness and service delivery.
One of the unique challenges in the public sector is the complexity of compensation systems. Public sector compensation is typically governed by specific rules, regulations, and legal frameworks that aim to ensure fairness, transparency, and accountability in the use of public funds. These frameworks often limit the flexibility of public leaders in rewarding and motivating employees based on individual performance and merit. Compensation structures in the public sector are often designed to provide equitable and standardized pay scales, job security, and benefits.
However, the standardized nature of public sector compensation can sometimes limit the ability to reward exceptional performance, innovation, and productivity. This can lead to a lack of incentive for employees to strive for excellence and can dampen motivation. Public leaders need to find creative ways to motivate employees within the constraints of these compensation frameworks. They can focus on non-monetary rewards, such as recognition, career development opportunities, flexible work arrangements, and meaningful work assignments, to inspire and engage employees.
Furthermore, public sector organizations often face challenges related to revenue sources. Unlike the private sector, public organizations rely primarily on limited revenue sources, such as taxes, government funding, and grants. Budget constraints and competing priorities can make it difficult for public leaders to allocate resources for employee motivation initiatives. Additionally, political and public scrutiny over the use of public funds can restrict leaders' flexibility in implementing performance-based incentives and rewards.
To address these challenges, public leaders must be resourceful and creative in finding ways to motivate employees within the constraints of limited revenue sources. They can emphasize the intrinsic value of public service and connect employees' work to the broader societal impact. Effective communication and transparency regarding the organization's mission, goals, and financial realities can help employees understand the importance of their contributions and motivate them to excel despite resource limitations.
Moreover, public leaders can leverage strategic partnerships and collaborations with external stakeholders, such as nonprofit organizations, academic institutions, and businesses, to access additional resources and expertise for employee motivation initiatives. By engaging the community and fostering a sense of shared responsibility, public leaders can create a supportive environment that recognizes and rewards employee contributions, even with limited financial resources.
In conclusion, public leaders must prioritize employee motivation in the public sector to enhance performance, job satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness. Despite the unique challenges of public sector compensation and limited revenue sources, effective leadership, strategic communication, and creative approaches to motivation can help overcome these obstacles. By inspiring and motivating employees, public leaders can cultivate a dedicated and high-performing workforce that delivers exceptional services to the public and contributes to the overall well-being of society.
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