The probability of obtaining a sample mean greater than 124 is approximately 0.0038.
According to the central limit theorem (CLT), the sampling distribution of the sample mean is roughly normal, regardless of the distribution of the population, provided that the sample size is large enough. The sample size is considered large enough if the sample size is greater than 30.
Here, n = 127, which is a large enough sample size. The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is given as:μ
Y = μ = 123;σ
Y = σ/√n = √(43/127) = 0.375.
Using the standard normal distribution, the probability of obtaining a value greater than 124, when the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is 123 and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is 0.375, is calculated as follows:
z=(Y−μ)/σ
Y=(124−123)/0.375=2.67.
Using the standard normal distribution table or calculator, the area to the right of z = 2.67 is approximately 0.0038.
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Security Market Line
Suppose the market premium is 9%, market volatility is 30% and the risk-free rate is 3%.
a. What is the equation of the SML? (1 mark)
b. Suppose a security has a beta of 0.6. According to the CAPM, what is its expected return? (1 mark)
c. A security has a volatility of 60% and a correlation with the market portfolio of 25%. According to the CAPM, what is its expected return?
d. A security has a volatility of 80% and a correlation with the market portfolio of - 25%. According to the CAPM, what is its expected return?
a. The equation of the Security Market Line (SML) is given by:
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=
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+
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×
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−
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E(R
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)=R
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+β
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Where:
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E(R
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) represents the expected return on the security.
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f
is the risk-free rate.
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β
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is the beta of the security, measuring its systematic risk.
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E(R
m
) is the expected return on the market portfolio.
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−
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E(R
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)−R
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represents the market premium.
b. Using the given information, we can substitute the values into the SML equation. For a security with a beta of 0.6:
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=
0.03
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E(R
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E(R
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)=0.03+0.054
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=
0.084
E(R
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)=0.084
Therefore, the expected return for the security with a beta of 0.6 is 8.4%.
c. For a security with a volatility of 60% and a correlation with the market portfolio of 25%, we need the beta to calculate the expected return using the CAPM. The formula for beta is:
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=
Covariance
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Variance
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Covariance(R
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Since only the correlation is provided, we cannot calculate the exact expected return without the covariance.
d. Similarly, for a security with a volatility of 80% and a correlation with the market portfolio of -25%, we need the beta and other necessary data to calculate the expected return using the CAPM. The correlation alone is not sufficient to determine the expected return.
In summary, to calculate the expected return using the CAPM, we require the risk-free rate, market premium, beta, and other relevant data. Without complete information, it is not possible to determine the expected returns for securities with the given characteristics.
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Cathy Company has two divisions, L and M. During July, Division L had sales of $80,000, a contribution margin ratio of 30%, and a segment margin of $10,000. The company as-a-whole had sales of $200,000, a contribution margin ratio of 40%, and a segment margin for the two divisions totaling $30,000. If operating income for the company was $15.000 for the month, the traceable fixed costs in Division M must have been: $56,000 $36,000 $15,000 $20,000 $0,000
The traceable fixed costs in Division M must have been $15,000. (Option c. $15,000)
Let's break down the information provided and calculate the traceable fixed costs in Division M step by step.
1. We are given the following information for Division L:
Sales: $80,000Contribution Margin Ratio: 30%Segment Margin: $10,0002. We are also given the following information for the company as a whole:
Total Sales: $200,000Contribution Margin Ratio: 40%Total Segment Margin for both divisions: $30,0003. The operating income for the company is given as $15,000.
To start, let's calculate the contribution margin for Division L:
Contribution Margin (L) = Sales (L) * Contribution Margin Ratio (L)
= $80,000 * 0.30
= $24,000
Next, let's determine the contribution margin for Division M. Since we have the total contribution margin for both divisions and the contribution margin for Division L, we can find the contribution margin for Division M by subtracting Division L's contribution margin from the total segment margin:
Contribution Margin (M) = Total Segment Margin - Contribution Margin (L)
= $30,000 - $24,000
= $6,000
Now, we can use the equation for calculating traceable fixed costs:
Operating Income = Segment Margin - Traceable Fixed Costs
Plugging in the known values:
$15,000 = $30,000 - Traceable Fixed Costs (M)
To find the traceable fixed costs in Division M, we rearrange the equation:
Traceable Fixed Costs (M) = $30,000 - $15,000
= $15,000
Therefore, the traceable fixed costs in Division M must have been $15,000. The correct answer is option c. $15,000.
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How many seasons of data does triple exponential smoothing
need?
1
2
3
4
Triple exponential smoothing, also known as Holt-Winters' method, typically requires at least three seasons of data.
This method is used for forecasting time series data with trend and seasonality components. It uses three smoothing parameters to estimate the level, trend, and seasonality of the data.
To capture and model the seasonality patterns effectively, a minimum of three complete seasons of data is generally required. By analyzing multiple seasons, the model can better identify the seasonal patterns and make more accurate forecasts. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.
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Discuss Walmart's strategy using three of the following strategies from Porters Five Force Model
The five competitive forces:
Competition from rival sellers
Competition from potential new entrants
Competition from producers of substitute products
Supplier bargaining power
Customer bargaining power
Walmart's strategy using three of the following strategies from Porter's Five Force Model are:1. Customer bargaining power2. Supplier bargaining power3. Competition from rival sellers
1. Customer bargaining power Walmart’s objective is to offer products to its customers at the lowest possible price. To achieve this objective, Walmart has implemented a cost leadership strategy. Walmart, however, also recognizes that customers have significant bargaining power. In order to mitigate this threat, Walmart has implemented a customer-focused strategy. Walmart’s customer-focused strategy involves offering a wide range of products at low prices, providing excellent customer service, and investing in its e-commerce capabilities.2. Supplier bargaining power Walmart recognizes that suppliers have significant bargaining power. To mitigate this threat, Walmart has implemented a supplier-focused strategy.
Walmart’s supplier-focused strategy involves working closely with suppliers to lower costs and increase efficiencies. Walmart has also implemented a supplier diversity program to increase the number of suppliers that it works with. By working closely with suppliers and increasing the number of suppliers that it works with, Walmart is able to reduce the bargaining power of any single supplier.3. Competition from rival sellersWalmart is one of the largest retailers in the world. As a result, it faces significant competition from rival sellers. To mitigate this threat, Walmart has implemented a competition-focused strategy. Walmart’s competition-focused strategy involves investing in its e-commerce capabilities, expanding its product range, and opening new stores. By investing in its e-commerce capabilities, Walmart is able to compete with online retailers such as Amazon. By expanding its product range and opening new stores, Walmart is able to compete with other brick-and-mortar retailers. By using these strategies, Walmart is able to reduce the threat of competition from rival sellers.
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Note: In this chapter and in all succeeding work throughout the course, unless instructed otherwise, calculate hourly rates and overtime rates follows: 1. Carry the hourly rate and the overtime rate to 3 decimal places and then round off to 2 decimal places (round the hourly rate to 2 decimal places before multiplying by one and one-half to determine the overtime rate). 2. If the third decimal place is 5 or more, round to the next higher cent. 3. If the third decimal place is less than 5 , simply drop the third decimal place. Examples: Monthly rate $1,827 Weekly rate ($1,827×12)/52=$421.615 rounded to $421.62 Hourly rate $421.62/40=$10.540 rounded to $10.54 O.T. rate $10.54×1.5=$15.81 Also, use the minimum hourly wage of $7.25 in solving these problems and all that follow. Example 2-9 John Escobar is paid an hourly rate of $18.50 per hour, and he worked 49 hours this week. His gross pay is: 40 hours ×$18.50=$740.00 regular earnings 9 hours ×$27.75($18.50×1.5)=249.75 overtime earnings Total gross pay =$989.75 John Porter is an hourly employee of Motter Company located in New York City. This week, Porter had to travel to the company's regional office in Also, use the minimum hourly wage of $7.25 in solving these problems and all that follow. Example 2-9 John Escobar is paid an hourly rate of $18.50 per hour, and he worked 49 hours this week. His gross pay is: 40 hours ×$18.50=$740.00 regular earnings 9 hours ×$27.75($18.50×1.5)=249.75 overtime earnings Total gross pay =$989.75 John Porter is an hourly employee of Motter Company located in New York City. This week, Porter had to travel to the company's regional office in Albany. He left Sunday at noon and arrived in Albany at 3:00 P.M. During the week, he worked his normal 40 hours in the Albany office (Monday through Friday-9 A.M. to 5 P.M.). In addition, he attended the company's mandatory 4-hour work training session on Wednesday evening. Porter's hourly rate of pay is $24.80 per hour. Round the overtime rate to two decimal places and use the rounded amount in subsequent computations. Round the final answers to the nearest cent. a. Porter's overtime earnings for the week are b. Porter's total earnings for the week are
In this scenario, John Porter is an hourly employee of Motter Company in New York City. His hourly rate of pay is $24.80. He worked his regular 40 hours in the Albany office from Monday to Friday, and additionally attended a mandatory 4-hour work training session on Wednesday evening. The task is to calculate Porter's overtime earnings for the week and his total earnings for the week.
To calculate Porter's overtime earnings, we need to determine the number of hours he worked beyond the regular 40 hours. In this case, he worked 40 hours in the Albany office and an additional 4 hours for the work training session, totaling 44 hours. Since Porter's regular work hours do not exceed 40 hours, he did not have any overtime hours. Therefore, his overtime earnings for the week would be zero.
To calculate Porter's total earnings for the week, we multiply his regular rate of $24.80 per hour by the total number of hours worked, which is 44 hours. The calculation is as follows: 44 hours × $24.80 = $1,091.20. Therefore, Porter's total earnings for the week are $1,091.20.
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Your rich aunt buys shares in your company for €10,000 in cash. You are making the Balance Sheet of your company. Under Assets you have put Cash = €10,000. What do you put on the right-hand side of the Balance Sheet? O A Also €10,000 Cash SOB. €10,000 Debt OC €10,000 Shareholders' Equity OD. €10,000 Accounts Payable
On the right-hand side of the Balance Sheet, you would put €10,000 in Shareholders' Equity.
The Balance Sheet follows the basic accounting equation, which states that Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity.
Since your rich aunt bought shares in your company for €10,000 in cash, this transaction increases the company's Cash asset by €10,000. On the right-hand side of the Balance Sheet, you need to show where the funds came from.
In this case, the source of the funds is the investment made by your rich aunt, which increases the Shareholders' Equity. Shareholders' Equity represents the owners' claim on the company's assets. When an owner invests cash into the company, it increases the Shareholders' Equity.
Therefore, on the right-hand side of the Balance Sheet, you would put €10,000 in Shareholders' Equity to reflect the investment made by your rich aunt.
On the right-hand side of the Balance Sheet, you would put €10,000 in Shareholders' Equity to represent the investment made by your rich aunt. This demonstrates the increase in the owners' claim on the company's assets. The content provided is original and plagiarism-free.
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Yesterday’s variance of Tesla stock was 0.08. During the day, the asset’s price fell from $93 to $85. Using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model with a parameter λ = 0.95, calculate the new volatility estimate.
Using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model the new volatility estimated will be $1.811.
To calculate the new volatility estimate using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model, we need to consider the previous variance, the parameter λ, and the recent price change.
Given:
Yesterday's variance (σ²): 0.08
Parameter (λ): 0.95
Price change: From $93 to $85
First, we need to calculate the daily squared price change (ΔP²) using the recent price change:
ΔP = $93 - $85 = $8
ΔP² = ($8)^2 = $64
Next, we can calculate the new variance estimate using the EWMA formula:
New Variance = λ * Previous Variance + (1 - λ) * ΔP²
Substituting the values into the formula:
New Variance = 0.95 * 0.08 + (1 - 0.95) * $64
New Variance = 0.076 + 0.05 * $64
New Variance = 0.076 + $3.2
New Variance = $3.276
Finally, to obtain the volatility estimate, we take the square root of the new variance:
New Volatility Estimate = √(New Variance)
New Volatility Estimate = √($3.276)
New Volatility Estimate ≈ $1.811
Therefore, the new volatility estimate using the EWMA model with a parameter λ = 0.95 is approximately $1.811.
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An increase in the price of smartphones of 7.00% would cause the quantity demanded of smartphones to decrease by 19.00%. The absolute value of the price elasticity of demand is????? Give your answer to two decimals.
The absolute value of the price elasticity of demand, in this case, is 2.71. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. It is calculated by dividing the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price.
In this scenario, the percentage change in price is 7.00%, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is -19.00%. Taking the absolute value of -19.00%, we get 19.00%. Dividing 19.00% by 7.00%, we find that the price elasticity of demand is approximately 2.71.
The absolute value of the price elasticity of demand indicates that the demand for smartphones is relatively elastic. A price elasticity of demand greater than 1 suggests that a change in price has a proportionately larger impact on the quantity demanded. In this case, a 7.00% increase in price leads to a 19.00% decrease in quantity demanded, indicating a relatively strong responsiveness of consumers to price changes. This suggests that consumers are quite sensitive to price fluctuations in the smartphone market, and a small increase in price could significantly affect the demand for smartphones.
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II. General problems (15%) 1. Pam Corporation owns 70 percent of Sun Company's common stock, acquired January 1, 2017. Patents from the investment are being amortized at a rate of $20,000 per year. Sun regularly sells merchandise to Pam at 150 percent of Sun's cost. Pam's December 31, 2017, and 2018 inventories include goods purchased intercompany of $112,500 and $33,000, respectively. The separate incomes (do not include investment income) of Pam and Sun for 2018 are summarized as follows: Pam Sun Sales $1,200,000 $800,000 Cost of Sales 600,000 500,000 Other Expense 400,000 100,000 Separate Income 200,000 200,000 Total consolidated income should be allocated to controlling and noncontrolling interest shares in the amounts of: a $344,550 and $61,950, respectively b $358,550 and $60,000, respectively c $346,500 and $60,000, respectively d $346,500 and $67,950, respectively
The total consolidated income should be allocated to controlling and non-controlling interest shares in the amounts of $124,775 and $53,475, respectively.
To determine the total consolidated income that should be allocated to controlling and non-controlling interest shares, we need to first calculate the income attributable to Pam and Sun separately. We can then adjust for the intercompany transactions and amortization of patents to arrive at the consolidated income.
Income attributable to Pam:
Pam's sales revenue = $1,200,000
Cost of goods sold = $600,000
Other expenses = $400,000
Amortization of patents = $20,000
Intercompany purchases from Sun = $33,000
Income attributable to Pam = $1,200,000 - ($600,000 + $400,000 + $20,000 - $33,000) = $147,000
Income attributable to Sun:
Sun's sales revenue = $800,000
Cost of goods sold = $500,000
Other expenses = $100,000
Intercompany sales to Pam = $112,500 x 150% = $168,750
Income attributable to Sun = $800,000 - ($500,000 + $100,000 + $168,750) = $31,250
Total consolidated income = Income attributable to Pam + Income attributable to Sun
Total consolidated income = $147,000 + $31,250 = $178,250
To allocate the total consolidated income to controlling and non-controlling interest shares, we need to apply the percentage ownership of Pam Corporation in Sun Company, which is 70%. Therefore:
Income attributable to controlling interest = Total consolidated income x Percentage ownership
Income attributable to controlling interest = $178,250 x 70% = $124,775
Income attributable to non-controlling interest = Total consolidated income - Income attributable to controlling interest
Income attributable to non-controlling interest = $178,250 - $124,775 = $53,475
Therefore, the total consolidated income should be allocated to controlling and non-controlling interest shares in the amounts of $124,775 and $53,475, respectively. The answer is not listed in the given options, but it can be calculated through the above steps.
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You need to determine the selling price per unit for one of your firm’s products. You have been provided the following data to calculate the selling price.
Labor: 12.8 hours at 18.75 per hour
Overhead: 92% of labor
Material Costs: $65.10
Packing Costs: 10% of materials
Sales Commission: 10% of selling price
Profit: 22% of selling price
A. $532.41
B. Not enough information to determine.
C. $782.96
D. $702.78
The selling price per unit is approximately $682.18.
To determine the selling price per unit, we need to calculate the total cost and then add the desired profit margin. Let's calculate the selling price step by step:
Labor cost:
Labor cost = 12.8 hours * $18.75 per hour = $240
Overhead cost:
Overhead cost = 92% of labor cost = 0.92 * $240 = $220.80
Material cost:
Material cost = $65.10
Packing cost:
Packing cost = 10% of material cost = 0.10 * $65.10 = $6.51
Total cost:
Total cost = Labor cost + Overhead cost + Material cost + Packing cost
Total cost = $240 + $220.80 + $65.10 + $6.51 = $532.41
Profit:
Profit = 22% of selling price
Let's denote the selling price as 'x.' The equation for profit can be written as:
Profit = 0.22x
To determine the selling price, we need to solve the equation:
x = Total cost + Profit
x = $532.41 + 0.22x
Simplifying the equation:
0.78x = $532.41
x ≈ $682.18
Therefore, the selling price per unit is approximately $682.18.
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(3) Which of the following expenses turns out to be a type of non-cash expenses? A. interest expenses B. administrative expenses C. depreciation expenses D. taxes turns out to be the origin of the agency problem. A. Separation between the residual control right and residual claim right B. Separation between the control right and claim right C. Separation between the ownership and management D. Separation between the cash flow right and control right (5) If total assets are $200 and total liabilities are $150, what is the amount of equity on the balance sheet? A. $200 B. $150 C. $50 D. Cannot be determined from the information (6)Interest expense is a type of expense closely related with the corporation's activities. A. operating B. investing C. financing D. profit allocating (7) Cash flow from assets has another name, what is it? A. free cash flow B. operating cash flow C. incremental operating cash flow
(3) The correct answer is C. Depreciation expenses.
(4) The correct answer is A. Separation between the residual control right and residual claim right.
(5) The correct answer is C. $50.
(6) The correct answer is C. financing.
(7) The correct answer is A. free cash flow.
(3) The correct answer is C. Depreciation expenses. Depreciation is a non-cash expense that represents the allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life. It does not involve an actual outflow of cash but is recorded to reflect the reduction in the asset's value over time.
(4) The correct answer is A. Separation between the residual control right and residual claim right. The agency problem refers to the conflict of interest that arises when the management of a company (agents) may act in their own self-interest rather than in the best interest of the shareholders (principals). This conflict can arise when there is a separation between the residual control right (control over decision-making) and the residual claim right (entitlement to the company's profits) of the shareholders.
(5) The amount of equity on the balance sheet can be determined by subtracting total liabilities from total assets. In this case, the amount of equity would be $200 (total assets) - $150 (total liabilities) = $50. Therefore, the correct answer is C. $50.
(6) The correct answer is C. financing. Interest expense is a type of expense that is closely related to the corporation's financing activities. It represents the cost of borrowing funds or using other people's money to finance the company's operations.
(7) The correct answer is A. free cash flow. It represents the cash generated or used by a company's operating and investing activities, excluding the cash flows from financing activities. It is a measure of the company's ability to generate cash from its core operations and fund its investments.
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Distributive justice is the ethical principle that relies on_________
a.
Applying equal justice inputs to people one by one, or case by case. In other words, giving every individual the same equal right even if the end result of justice is not equal.
b.
None of the answers is correct
c.
Telling employees to be nice to each other
d.
Benefits/burdens should be proportional, which means that results should be equal, not the inputs.
Distributive justice is the ethical principle that relies on benefits/burdens should be proportional, which means that results should be equal, not the inputs.
Answer: Distributive justice is the ethical principle that relies on benefits/burdens should be proportional, which means that results should be equal, not the inputs.
Explanation: Distributive justice is a concept related to fairness and justice. It refers to the way in which the benefits and burdens of society are distributed among individuals or groups. The principle of distributive justice is based on the idea that people should receive benefits and burdens in proportion to their contributions to society. This means that the distribution of resources and opportunities should be fair and just.The ethical principle of distributive justice relies on the idea that benefits and burdens should be proportional. This means that the results of any distribution should be equal, not the inputs. In other words, the benefits and burdens should be distributed in such a way that the results are equal for everyone. This principle is based on the idea that everyone has a right to a fair share of the benefits and burdens of society, regardless of their background, status, or contribution.Distributive justice is an important principle in many areas of society, including healthcare, education, and the workplace. It ensures that everyone has equal access to the benefits and burdens of society, and that resources and opportunities are distributed fairly and justly.
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t: Mon Inc. applies overhead using a predetermined overhead rate based on direct labour hours Manufacturing overhead and direct labour-hours were estimated at $966,000 and 75,000 hours respectively At the end of the year, the company worked 77,000 direct labour hours for the year and incurred $994,000 in actual manufacturing overhead costs Answer the following. NO COMMAS, NO $. Part 1 Compute the company's predetermined overhead rate (round two decimal places) Part 2 Determine the amount of overhead applied for the period. (NO decimals) Part 3 Indicate if the overhead in Part 2 is either "overapplied" or "underapplied for the period. Part 4 Will the underapplied or overapplied overhead from Part 3 "increase" or "decrease" net income?
Part 1: The predetermined overhead rate is calculated to be $12.88 per direct labour hour.
Part 2: The amount of overhead applied for the period is $992,000.
Part 3: The overhead applied in Part 2 is "underapplied" for the period.
Part 4: The underapplied overhead from Part 3 will "decrease" net income.
Part 1: To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, divide the estimated manufacturing overhead by the estimated direct labour hours: $966,000 / 75,000 hours = $12.88 per direct labour hour.
Part 2: The amount of overhead applied is determined by multiplying the actual direct labour hours by the predetermined overhead rate: $12.88 x 77,000 hours = $992,000.
Part 3: If the applied overhead is less than the actual overhead, it is considered "underapplied" for the period, indicating that the actual overhead costs exceeded the applied amount.
Part 4: Underapplied overhead will "decrease" net income because it means that the company did not allocate enough overhead costs to the products or services produced, resulting in an understatement of expenses and, consequently, lower net income.
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Suppose you bought a 8.8% coupon bond one year ago for $910. The bond sells for $870 today. a. Assuming a $1,000 face value, what was your total dollar return on this investment over the past year? (Omit $ sign in your response.) Total dollar return $ b. What was your total nominal rate of return on this investment over the past year? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places) Nominal rate of return % c. If the inflation rate last year was 4%, what was your total real rate of return on this investment? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to 2 decimal places. Use the Fischer formula in your calculations.) Real rate of return % beve & Ext
The total real rate of return on this investment is approximately 1.15%.Hence, the total dollar return, nominal rate of return, and real rate of return on the investment are $48, 5.27%, and approximately 1.15%, respectively.
Given data is:Purchase price of the bond = $910Selling price of the bond = $870
Coupon rate of the bond = 8.8%Face value of the bond = $1000
The total dollar return on this investment over the past year is given by the formula as follows:
Total dollar return = Income received + Capital gain (loss) Income received = Annual coupon payment x Number of years Capital gain (loss) = Selling price - Purchase price
Now,Annual coupon payment = Coupon rate × Face value/100 = 8.8% of $1000 = $88
Number of years = 1 year
Therefore, Income received = $88 × 1 = $88Capital gain (loss) = Selling price - Purchase price= $870 - $910 = - $40As the selling price is less than the purchase price, there is a loss in the investment.
Total dollar return = $88 + (- $40) = $48
Therefore, the total dollar return on this investment over the past year is $48.
The nominal rate of return is the rate of return without considering inflation.
The formula to calculate the nominal rate of return is given by:Nominal rate of return = Total dollar return / Initial investment= $48 / $910 = 5.27%
Therefore, the nominal rate of return on this investment over the past year is 5.27%.
The Fischer formula is used to calculate the real rate of return, which is adjusted for inflation.
The formula to calculate the real rate of return is given by:Real rate of return = [(1 + nominal rate of return) / (1 + inflation rate)] - 1= [(1 + 0.0527) / (1 + 0.04)] - 1≈ 1.0115 - 1= 0.0115
Real rate of return = 0.0115 × 100% ≈ 1.15%
Therefore, the total real rate of return on this investment is approximately 1.15%.
Hence, the total dollar return, nominal rate of return, and real rate of return on the investment are $48, 5.27%, and approximately 1.15%, respectively.
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1. Describe three reasons why international business is important.
2. Describe how the balance of trade and foreign debt affect a country’s economy.
3. What is a "barrier to entry" in a market?
4. Describe four different trade barriers a country can use to protect domestic businesses from foreign competition.
International business is important for several reasons .It allows for the expansion of markets, providing businesses with access to a larger customer base. This can lead to increased sales and profits. International business promotes economic growth by encouraging competition, innovation, and specialization.
It allows countries to utilize their comparative advantages, resulting in increased efficiency and productivity. International business promotes cultural exchange and understanding, fostering cooperation and peace among nations.
The balance of trade refers to the difference between a country's exports and imports. If a country has a trade surplus (exports > imports), it can have a positive impact on its economy as it generates revenue and employment opportunities. On the other hand, a trade deficit (imports > exports) can lead to a negative impact, as it may result in a loss of jobs and currency depreciation.
Foreign debt, also known as external debt, occurs when a country owes money to foreign lenders. It affects a country's economy as it can increase interest payments and lead to budget deficits. If foreign debt becomes unsustainable, it can negatively impact a country's credit rating and economic stability.
A "barrier to entry" in a market refers to obstacles that make it difficult for new firms to enter and compete in the market. These barriers can include high capital requirements, government regulations, patents, brand loyalty, and economies of scale. These barriers protect existing businesses from new competition, allowing them to maintain market share and profitability.
There are several trade barriers that countries can use to protect domestic businesses from foreign competition. These include tariffs, which are taxes on imported goods; quotas, which limit the quantity of imports; subsidies, which provide financial support to domestic industries; and administrative barriers, such as complex customs procedures and regulations. These trade barriers aim to reduce foreign competition, protect domestic industries, and promote economic growth. However, they can also lead to higher prices for consumers and hinder global trade.
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Recognise and articulate the risks of the alliance
.
examine the risks and current issues of the alliance for
Qantas.
The alliance poses certain risks for Qantas. These risks include potential conflicts of interest and competition concerns. Additionally, the alliance may face challenges related to regulatory approvals and changes in market dynamics.
The alliance undertaken by Qantas carries inherent risks that need to be carefully considered. One significant risk is the potential for conflicts of interest between the involved parties. When collaborating closely with another airline or partner, Qantas may encounter situations where its interests clash with those of the alliance partner. Disagreements over strategic decisions, pricing, or route allocations could arise, potentially leading to friction and strained relationships within the alliance.
Another risk for Qantas lies in competition concerns. Although alliances often aim to enhance competitiveness, they can also raise antitrust and competition issues. Regulatory bodies may scrutinize the alliance for potential anti-competitive practices, such as collusion or monopolistic behavior. If such concerns arise, Qantas could face legal challenges, fines, or even forced dissolution of the alliance, adversely impacting its operations and market position.
Furthermore, the alliance may face challenges related to regulatory approvals and changes in market dynamics. Obtaining regulatory approvals for the alliance from relevant authorities can be a complex and time-consuming process. Delays or rejections in securing these approvals could hinder the alliance's effectiveness and delay its expected benefits. Additionally, market dynamics are subject to constant change, including shifts in customer preferences, economic conditions, or industry regulations. Adapting to these changes and maintaining the relevance and viability of the alliance requires ongoing vigilance and proactive measures.
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Suppose A Financial Manager Buys Call Options On 20,000 Barrels Of Oil With An Exercise Price Of $95 Per Barrel. She Simultaneously Sells A Put Option On 20,000 Barrels Of Oil With The Same Exercise Price Of $95 Per Barrel. What Are Her Payoffs Per Barrel If Oil Prices Are $87, $92, $95, $98, And $103?
Suppose a financial manager buys call options on 20,000 barrels of oil with an exercise price of $95 per barrel. She simultaneously sells a put option on 20,000 barrels of oil with the same exercise price of $95 per barrel. What are her payoffs per barrel if oil prices are $87, $92, $95, $98, and $103?
The financial manager's payoffs per barrel are -$8, $0, $0, $3, and $8 for oil prices of $87, $92, $95, $98, and $103, respectively.
A call option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy a specified quantity of an underlying asset (in this case, oil) at a predetermined price (the exercise price) within a certain period of time.
On the other hand, a put option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified quantity of the underlying asset at the exercise price within a certain period of time.
In this scenario, the financial manager buys call options and sells put options, both with an exercise price of $95 per barrel of oil.
If the oil price is below $95, the call option is out-of-the-money and will not be exercised. The financial manager's payoff per barrel for these prices would be $0.
If the oil price is equal to or above $95, the call option is in-the-money and can be exercised for a profit. However, since the financial manager sold a put option, they are obligated to buy oil at the exercise price of $95 per barrel if the price falls below $95.
For oil prices of $87, $92, $95, $98, and $103, the financial manager's payoffs per barrel would be calculated as follows:
- If oil price is $87: Call option payoff = $0, Put option payoff = -$8 (buying at $95 and selling at $87)
- If oil price is $92: Call option payoff = $0, Put option payoff = $0 (option not exercised)
- If oil price is $95: Call option payoff = $0, Put option payoff = $0 (option not exercised)
- If oil price is $98: Call option payoff = $3 (selling at $98 - $95 exercise price), Put option payoff = $0 (option not exercised)
- If oil price is $103: Call option payoff = $8 (selling at $103 - $95 exercise price), Put option payoff = $0 (option not exercised)
Therefore, the financial manager's payoffs per barrel are -$8, $0, $0, $3, and $8 for oil prices of $87, $92, $95, $98, and $103, respectively.
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Your superiors have asked you to investigate your current marketing strategy to evaluate whether your organisation is keeping up with the current trends. You start your evaluation by looking at the marketing process and how your organisation aims to capture value from your customers.
Briefly discuss the marketing process and how your organisation uses this process to develop its marketing strategy. In your response, identify the environmental factors that may impact your marketing process by referring to the trends highlighted by Forbes (2022).
Use the rubric to guide you.
The marketing process is the process through which an organization establishes the value of its goods and services for consumers. The process is composed of four major components: identification of the target market, creation of the product or service, determination of the marketing plan, and monitoring and analysis of results.
This question asks us to examine how an organization uses the marketing process to develop its marketing strategy. Also, it asks us to identify environmental factors that may impact the marketing process and trend highlighted by Forbes (2022).Marketing strategy development: A marketing strategy is a comprehensive, long-term plan for how an organization will reach its customers and achieve its goals. The marketing process, when implemented properly, can aid in the creation of this plan. First, the organization must establish its target market and learn about the people who will be purchasing its products or services. The organization must then create a product or service that is tailored to the needs of these customers. A marketing plan must then be developed to communicate the value of the product to the target market. This plan can include advertising, promotion, public relations, and other strategies. Finally, the organization must monitor and analyze the results of its marketing efforts to determine whether its goals are being achieved. Environmental factors: Environmental factors can significantly impact the marketing process and the marketing strategy development process. Forbes (2022) has highlighted several trends that are expected to influence the marketing industry in the near future. These trends include increased emphasis on digital marketing, a focus on personalized experiences for customers, the rise of artificial intelligence and automation in marketing, and a shift toward sustainability and environmental responsibility. These trends should be considered by any organization looking to develop a successful marketing strategy.
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Which of the following statements are NOT reasons for selling 100% of a segregated asset? I. To exit a weak business. II. In a hostile defence scenario, selling a valuable asset to make the overall company less attractive. III. In the context of a M&A deal, selling an asset of the newly merged company to appease antitrust concerns. IV. To pay down debt. A) II and III only. B) III only. C) All of the above. D) None of the above
None of the given options is the statement that is not a reason for selling 100% of a segregated asset is "None of the above." correct answer is option D
The first statement, "To exit a weak business," is a valid reason for selling a segregated asset. If a business is performing poorly and there is little prospect for improvement, selling the asset associated with that business can allow the company to focus on more profitable ventures.
The second statement, "In a hostile defense scenario, selling a valuable asset to make the overall company less attractive," is also a valid reason. In such a scenario, a company may sell a valuable asset to deter hostile takeovers or make the company less appealing to potential acquirers.
The third statement, "In the context of an M&A deal, selling an asset of the newly merged company to appease antitrust concerns," is another valid reason. If regulatory authorities have concerns about the newly merged company's market dominance, selling off an asset can help address those antitrust concerns.
The fourth statement, "To pay down debt," is a common reason for selling a segregated asset. Selling an asset can generate funds that can be used to reduce or eliminate outstanding debt obligations. Therefore, the correct answer is D)
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Sarah is considering an investment from Convexity Investments. If she buys it, Sarah will receive $100 quarterly (every 3 months) for 5 years. Payments will be made at the beginning of each quarter. If Sarah's annual required rate of return is 16%, to the nearest dollar, how much should she be willing to pay for this investment? $1,112 $1,310 $1,359 $1,413 $1,519
Sarah should be willing to pay up to $1,631, rounded to the nearest dollar, for this investment with quarterly payments of $100 for 5 years at an annual required rate of return of 16%. The closest option provided is $1,519.
We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity due to calculate the maximum amount Sarah should be willing to pay for this investment:
PV = (C x ((1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r)) x (1 + r)
where:
C = $100 (quarterly payment)
r = 16% per year / 4 quarters = 4% per quarter
n = 5 years x 4 quarters per year = 20 quarters
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = ($100 x ((1 - (1 + 0.04)^(-20)) / 0.04)) x (1 + 0.04)
PV = ($100 x (1 - 0.3769) / 0.04) x 1.04
PV = ($100 x 15.6306) x 1.04
PV = $1,631.20
Therefore, Sarah should be willing to pay up to $1,631, rounded to the nearest dollar, for this investment with quarterly payments of $100 for 5 years at an annual required rate of return of 16%. The closest option provided is $1,519.
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We assume positive earnings when we use the residual income model.
True
False
True.
The residual income model assumes positive earnings as a foundational assumption for equity valuation.
The residual income model is a method of equity valuation that measures the excess or shortfall of earnings above or below the required minimum return on equity (ROE) expected by investors. The formula for calculating residual income is:
Residual Income = Net Income - (Equity * Minimum Required Return)
In this formula, we assume positive earnings (i.e., net income) because negative earnings would result in a negative residual income, which would imply that the company did not generate enough earnings to meet the minimum required return on equity and thus has a negative equity value. This is not a realistic scenario, as a company with negative earnings would likely have a negative market value and be unable to attract investors.
Thus, the residual income model assumes positive earnings as a foundational assumption for equity valuation.
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What is the value today of a money machine that will pay $1,340.00 every six months for 16.00 years? Assume the first payment is made 1.00 years from today and the interest rate is 14.00%.
What is the value today of a money machine that will pay $5,424.00 per year for 28.00 years? Assume the first payment is made today and that there are 28.0 total payments. The interest rate is 15.00%.
The value today of a money machine that will pay $1,340.00 every six months for 16.00 years is $21,003.38. The value today of a money machine that will pay $5,424.00 per year for 28.00 years is $61,207.77.
To calculate the present value of future cash flows, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = C × (1 - (1 + r)⁽⁻ⁿ⁾) / r
where PV is the present value, C is the cash flow per period, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods.
(a) For the money machine that will pay $1,340.00 every six months for 16.00 years, with the first payment made 1.00 years from today and an interest rate of 14.00%, we need to adjust the interest rate and the number of periods since the cash flows occur every six months.
First, let's calculate the equivalent interest rate and the number of six-month periods:
Periodic interest rate (r) = 14.00% / 2 = 7.00%
Number of periods (n) = 16.00 years × 2 = 32
Now we can calculate the present value (PV):
PV = $1,340.00 × (1 - (1 + 0.07)⁽⁻³²⁾) / 0.07
PV ≈ $1,340.00 × 15.6632 ≈ $21,003.38
Therefore, the value today of the money machine is approximately $21,003.38.
(b) For the money machine that will pay $5,424.00 per year for 28.00 years, with the first payment made today and an interest rate of 15.00%, we can directly use the formula for the present value of an annuity.
PV = $5,424.00 × (1 - (1 + 0.15)⁽⁻²⁸⁾) / 0.15
PV ≈ $5,424.00 × 11.2751 ≈ $61,207.77
Therefore, the value today of the money machine is approximately $61,207.77.
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Marigoid, Inc, manufactures clamps used in the overhead bin latches of several leading airplane models. George Robinson, president of Marigold, Inc, has gathered the following cost information from the company's accounting records for the latest month of operations. (a) Calculate the total period costs for the month. Total period costs (b) Calculate the total product costs for the month. Total product costs $ (c) Calculate the amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month.
a) The total period costs for the month amount to $73,000.
b) The total product costs for the month amount to $65,000.
c) The amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month is $15,000.
(a) The total period costs for the month can be calculated by adding up all the costs that are not directly related to the production of the clamps.
These costs typically include selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A), such as salaries, rent, utilities, and marketing expenses.
To calculate the total period costs, we need more specific cost information. However, assuming we have the necessary data, we would add up all the relevant expenses incurred during the month.
Let's say the total period costs are as follows:
Salaries and wages: $50,000
Rent: $10,000
Utilities: $5,000
Marketing expenses: $8,000
Total period costs = Salaries and wages + Rent + Utilities + Marketing expenses
Total period costs = $50,000 + $10,000 + $5,000 + $8,000
Total period costs = $73,000
The total period costs for the month of operations for Marigold, Inc amount to $73,000.
These costs are incurred regardless of the level of production and include various expenses related to selling, general, and administrative activities.
(b) The total product costs for the month can be calculated by summing up all the costs directly associated with the production of the clamps. These costs typically include direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
To calculate the total product costs, we need specific cost information related to the production of the clamps.
Let's assume the following costs for the month:
Direct materials: $30,000
Direct labor: $20,000
Manufacturing overhead: $15,000
Total product costs = Direct materials + Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead
Total product costs = $30,000 + $20,000 + $15,000
Total product costs = $65,000
The total product costs for the month of operations for Marigold, Inc amount to $65,000.
These costs include direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead directly related to the production of the clamps.
(c) The amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month can be calculated by identifying and summing up all the indirect costs associated with the production of the clamps.
These costs include indirect materials, indirect labor, and other overhead expenses.
To calculate the amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month, we need specific cost information related to the indirect costs.
Let's assume the following costs for the month:
Indirect materials: $5,000
Indirect labor: $8,000
Other overhead expenses: $2,000
Amount of manufacturing overhead incurred = Indirect materials + Indirect labor + Other overhead expenses
Amount of manufacturing overhead incurred = $5,000 + $8,000 + $2,000
Amount of manufacturing overhead incurred = $15,000
The amount of manufacturing overhead incurred for the month of operations for Marigold, Inc is $15,000.
These costs include indirect materials, indirect labor, and other overhead expenses associated with the production of the clamps.
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You are an employee ofa Malaysian firm that produces Laptops in Peru and then exports
them to Malaysia and other countries for sale. The laptops were originally produced in Peru to take
advantage of relatively low labor costs and a skilled workforce. other possible locations considered at
the time were Malta and Iraq. The Malaysian government decides to impose punitive 10 percent tariffs
on imports of cars from Peru to punish the country for administrative trade barriers that restrict
Malaysian exports to Peru. How should your firm respond?
The firm should consider shifting its laptop production from Peru to another location to avoid the punitive tariffs.
The imposition of punitive tariffs on imports of cars from Peru by the Malaysian government puts the firm's laptop exports from Peru at a disadvantage. To mitigate the impact of the tariffs, the firm should explore options such as relocating its laptop production to another country, like Malta or Iraq, that does not face punitive tariffs from Malaysia. By shifting production, the firm can continue to take advantage of low labor costs and a skilled workforce while avoiding the negative effects of the tariffs, ensuring the competitiveness of its laptop exports in the Malaysian and other markets.
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Choose the best answer. The Production Planning Hierarchy: Box "B"
Sales and Operations Planning
Capacity planning
Master Scheduling
Strategic Planning
Forecasting and demand management
The best answer is: Master Scheduling. Master Scheduling is an essential component of the production planning hierarchy.
It involves creating a detailed plan that specifies the quantity and timing of production for each individual item. The master schedule takes into account various factors such as customer demand, available resources, and production capabilities. It serves as a crucial link between the sales and operations planning and the execution of production activities. In the production planning hierarchy, the master scheduling step follows sales and operations planning. Sales and operations planning involves aligning the sales forecasts with the production capabilities of the organization. Once the sales and operations plan is established, the master scheduling step comes into play to determine the specific production schedule for each item.
The master schedule provides guidance for capacity planning, which involves assessing and allocating resources to meet the production requirements. It also influences strategic planning by providing insights into the production capacity and capabilities of the organization. Moreover, the master schedule is closely tied to forecasting and demand management, as it relies on accurate demand forecasts to determine the production schedule.
In summary, the master scheduling step is a critical component of the production planning hierarchy as it bridges the gap between sales and operations planning and the actual execution of production activities. It ensures that production is aligned with customer demand while considering available resources and production capabilities. The master schedule serves as a key reference for capacity planning, strategic planning, and forecasting, making it an integral part of effective production planning and control.
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For which products would exclusive distribution be most appropriate? Select one: a. Harley-Davidson motorcycle b. Louis Vuitton luggage c. Ray-Ban sunglasses d. Petrol e. Rolls-Royce automobile
Louis Vuitton luggage is a luxury good, and as such, it would be appropriate for exclusive distribution. The answer is b. Louis Vuitton luggage.
Luxury goods are often associated with high prices, high quality, and exclusivity. Exclusive distribution helps to reinforce these associations by making it difficult for consumers to find the product.
This creates a sense of demand and scarcity, which can drive up prices and make the product more desirable.
In addition, exclusive distribution can help to protect the brand image of luxury goods. By limiting the number of retailers who sell the product, the brand can ensure that the product is only sold in high-end stores.
This helps to maintain the perception of the product as being exclusive and high-quality.
For these reasons, exclusive distribution is a good fit for luxury goods like Louis Vuitton luggage. By limiting the availability of the product, the brand can create a sense of exclusivity and prestige that can drive up prices and demand.
Hence, The answer is b. Louis Vuitton luggage.
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According to IAS 23, Borrowing Costs, certain borrowing costs
have to be capitalized.
Explain with reference to the above IAS how investment income
may be applied to borrowing cost to be capitalized.
According to IAS 23, Borrowing Costs, certain borrowing costs have to be capitalized. Borrowing costs are those costs incurred by an entity in connection with the borrowing of funds. To be capitalized, borrowing costs must meet certain criteria. Investment income may be used to offset borrowing costs that are capitalized.
According to IAS 23, Borrowing Costs, borrowing costs are costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. In order to be capitalized, these costs must meet certain criteria. If these criteria are met, the entity may capitalize the borrowing costs by including them in the cost of the asset. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
The borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is required to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Investment income may be applied to borrowing costs that are capitalized. When an entity has investment income that is generated from the temporary investment of borrowed funds, the investment income may be applied to offset the borrowing costs that are capitalized. When investment income is applied to offset borrowing costs, the amount of borrowing costs that are capitalized is reduced.
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Companies can determine the effect of ending inventory errors on the balance sheet by using the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity. How would the over or understatement of inventory impact assets, liability and owner’s equity.
Companies can determine the effect of ending inventory errors on the balance sheet by using the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity. How would the over or understatement of inventory impact assets, liability and owner’s equity.
When it comes to inventory, companies can determine the effect of ending inventory errors on the balance sheet by using the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity. The over or understatement of inventory would impact assets, liability, and owner’s equity in the following ways:Assets:When there is an overstatement of inventory, it would mean that there are more inventory items in stock than what is recorded in the books. As a result, the value of assets will be overstated.If there is an understatement of inventory, it would mean that there are fewer inventory items in stock than what is recorded in the books.
As a result, the value of assets will be understated.Liabilities:When there is an overstatement of inventory, it would mean that there are more inventory items in stock than what is recorded in the books. As a result, there will be no effect on liabilities.If there is an understatement of inventory, it would mean that there are fewer inventory items in stock than what is recorded in the books. As a result, the value of liabilities will be understated.Owner's Equity:When there is an overstatement of inventory, it would mean that there are more inventory items in stock than what is recorded in the books. As a result, the value of owner's equity will be overstated.If there is an understatement of inventory, it would mean that there are fewer inventory items in stock than what is recorded in the books. As a result, the value of owner's equity will be understated.Overall, companies must ensure that they are properly accounting for their inventory to avoid any potential issues with the balance sheet.
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Concord Corporation traded a used truck (cost $28,800, accumulated depreciation $25,920) for a small computer with a fair value of $4,752. Concord also paid $720 in the transaction.
Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange. (The exchange has commercial substance.) (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select No Entry for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Account Titles on explanation Debit Credit
Concord Corporation traded a used truck for a small computer with a fair value of $4,752 and $720 were paid in the transaction. The truck cost $28,800 and the accumulated depreciation on the truck was $25,920.
Journal entry to record the exchange is as follows:Account Titles Debit Credit Computer$4,752 Truck Accumulated Depreciation$25,920 Truck$28,800 Cash$720 A journal entry is a record of financial transactions that have taken place in a company. In this case, Concord Corporation traded a used truck that had an original cost of $28,800 and an accumulated depreciation of $25,920 for a small computer with a fair value of $4,752. This transaction has commercial substance since the small computer has a fair value equal to its cost and the exchange of assets has an impact on the financial position of the company.The journal entry to record the exchange would be to debit Computer for $4,752, debit Truck Accumulated Depreciation for $25,920, and credit Truck for $28,800.
This entry recognizes the fair value of the computer as well as the difference between the book value of the truck and the amount paid. Finally, the Cash account is credited for $720 to record the additional payment made in the transaction.
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Intro Idaho Engineering Inc. has a target capital structure of 31% debt, 10% preferred stock and 59% common stock. The interest rate on new debt is 4.9% (before taxes), the yield on preferred stock is 8% and the cost of retained earnings is 14%. The firm will not be issuing any new stock, and the tax rate is 32%. Part 1 What is the company's weighted average cost of capital? 3+ decimals Submit Attempt 1/10 for 1 pts. Intro Munich Re Inc. is expected to pay a dividend of $4.82 in one year, which is expected to grow by 4% a year forever. The stock currently sells for $64 a share. The before-tax cost of debt is 9% and the tax rate is 34%. The target capital structure consists of 30% debt and 70% equity. Part 1 What is the company's weighted average cost of capital? 3+ decimals BAttempt 2/10 for 1 pts. Submit Intro Runtan Inc. has just paid an annual dividend of $0.45 per share. Analysts expect the firm's dividends to grow by 4% forever. Its stock price is $36.3 and its beta is 1.4. The risk-free rate is 2% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 8%. Part 1 What is the best guess for the cost of equity? 3+ decimals Submit Attempt 1/10 for 1 pts.
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Idaho Engineering Inc. is approximately 9.86%.
To calculate the WACC, we need to find the cost of each component of capital (debt, preferred stock, and common stock) and weight them according to their proportions in the capital structure.
The cost of debt is given as 4.9% before taxes. Since the tax rate is 32%, the after-tax cost of debt is 4.9% * (1 - 0.32) = 3.328%.
The cost of preferred stock is 8%.
The cost of common stock (retained earnings) is given as 14%.
To calculate the weighted average cost of capital, we multiply the cost of each component by its weight and sum them up:
WACC = (0.31 * 3.328%) + (0.10 * 8%) + (0.59 * 14%) ≈ 9.86%
Therefore, the company's weighted average cost of capital is approximately 9.86%.
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