List the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radii (largest to smallest) B N Li He. Li, B, N, He.

A hospital purchases brand-new gks-co and gks-x machines. five years after installation, the expected ratio of the total atomic mass of material in the co machine to that in the x machine is 1:1.

While β-decay does cause a nuclear transmutation of protons to neutrons (β⁺) or neutrons to protons (β⁻), the atomic mass lost in these processes is negligible. This means that whether after one (Co) or five (X) half-lives, the atomic mass will be the same in both samples.

This is the ratio of undecayed nuclei between the two samples. The GKS-Co machine has 1/2 of its nuclei undecayed and the GKS-X machine has 1/32 of its nuclei undecayed.

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To determine which pairs of solvents would make good extraction systems, several factors need to be considered, such as solubility, selectivity, and safety.

One example of a good extraction system is using a polar solvent, such as water or ethanol, with a non-polar solvent, such as hexane or diethyl ether. This type of system is ideal for extracting compounds with different polarities, as the polar solvent will dissolve polar compounds, while the non-polar solvent will dissolve non-polar compounds.

Another example is using two immiscible solvents, such as chloroform and methanol, which can be used for the extraction of lipids or other compounds from biological samples. The immiscible solvents can be separated easily after extraction, which makes it a convenient extraction system.

In summary, the choice of solvents for an extraction system depends on the specific application and the properties of the target compounds. It is important to consider the solubility, selectivity, and safety of the solvents to achieve the best results.

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The generic brand have more or less sugar than 'Formula X is  Measure the mass of an empty graduated cylinder and record the results.

A cylinder is a three-dimensional geometric shape with two circular bases that are connected by a curved surface. Cylinders are one of the most common shapes in everyday life, such as a can of soda or a tube of toothpaste. In mathematics, a cylinder is defined as an object with two parallel bases which are connected by a curved surface that forms a continuous loop.

Measure 25 gallons of water and pour it into the graduated cylinder.

Measure the mass of the graduated cylinder with the water in it and record the results.

Measure the mass of 30 lbs of sucrose and record the results.

Add the sucrose to the graduated cylinder with the water and stir until the sucrose is dissolved.

Measure the mass of the graduated cylinder with the sucrose solution and record the results.

Determine the density of the sucrose solution by dividing the mass of the solution by the volume of the solution.

Results:

Mass of empty graduated cylinder: 0 g

Mass of graduated cylinder with water: 20,000 g

Mass of 30 lbs of sucrose: 13,600 g

Mass of graduated cylinder with sucrose solution: 33,600 g

Calculations:

Mass Percent: 13,600 g / 33,600 g x 100 = 40.48%

Molarity: 13,600 g / 342.30 g/mol x 0.25 L = 0.974 mol/L

Molality: 13,600 g / 342.30 g/mol x 0.25 kg = 0.743 m

Mole Fraction: 0.974 mol/L / 1.948 mol/L x 100 = 50.00%

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The product formed when ethylbenzene reacts with bromine in a free radical halogenation is styrene, and the mechanism involves the formation of a benzylic radical intermediate that can undergo rearrangement to form the product.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

C₈H₁₀ + Br₂ → C₈H₈Br₂ + HBr
Only a small amount of the product is formed because the intermediate is relatively unstable and can undergo further reactions that result in the formation of other products. In a free radical halogenation, the reaction between ethylbenzene and bromine proceeds via a chain mechanism that involves the formation of free radicals.

The first step is the initiation step, in which a bromine  The product formed when ethylbenzene reacts with bromine in a free radical halogenation is styrene, and the mechanism involves the formation of a benzylic radical intermediate that can undergo rearrangement to form the product. Only a small amount of the product is formed because the intermediate is relatively unstable and can undergo further reactions that result in the formation of other products.

In a free radical halogenation, the reaction between ethylbenzene and bromine proceeds via a chain mechanism that involves the formation of free radicals. The first step is the initiation step, in which a bromine molecule is split into two bromine radicals by exposure to light. The second step is the propagation step, in which the bromine radical attacks the ethylbenzene molecule to form a benzylic radical intermediate.

This intermediate can undergo rearrangement to form styrene, a product that does not contain any bromine. However, the intermediate is relatively unstable and can undergo further reactions, such as hydrogen abstraction or combination with another radical, that result in the formation of other products.

As a result, only a small amount of the product that contains no bromine is formed is split into two bromine radicals by exposure to light. The second step is the propagation step, in which the bromine radical attacks the ethylbenzene molecule to form a benzylic radical intermediate. This intermediate can undergo rearrangement to form styrene, a product that does not contain any bromine.

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The specific heat capacity of the metal, given that it was heated to 88 °C and placed in a 100 mL water is 1.239 J/gºC

We'll begin our calculation by obtaining the heat absorbed by the water. This is shown below:

Q = MCΔT

Q = 100 × 4.184 × 14.6

Q = 6108.64 J

Finally, we shall determine the specific heat capacity of the metal. Details below:

Q = MCΔT

-6108.64 = 101.44 × C × -48.6

-6108.64 = -4929.984 × C

Divide both sides by -4929.984

C = -6108.64 / -4929.984

C =  1.239 J/gºC

Thus, we can conclude that the specific heat capacity of the metal is 1.239 J/gºC

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The pH of a substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.2 × 10⁻² m is 1.92.

To determine the pH of a substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.2 × 10⁻² M, we can use the pH formula: pH = -log₁₀[H⁺], where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration.

Substitute the given hydrogen ion concentration into the formula:

pH = -log₁₀(1.2 × 10⁻² M)

pH ≈ 1.92.

So, the pH of the substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.2 × 10⁻² M is approximately 1.92.

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Answer:

The correct linkage designation for the glycosidic bond between the two monosaccharide rings is **β-1,4**. This is because the glycosidic bond is formed between the first carbon atom of one monosaccharide ring and the fourth carbon atom of the other monosaccharide ring.

It takes approximately 4.5 billion years for a quarter of the uranium-238 atoms in a rock to decay to lead-206.

This is because uranium-238 atoms have a half-life of about 4.5 billion years, which means that every 4.5 billion years, half of the uranium-238 atoms in a rock will decay. This process continues until all of the uranium-238 atoms in a rock have been converted to lead-206 atoms.

Uranium-238 is considered a very slow-decaying radioisotope. This is because it takes a long time for the atoms to decay. In the case of uranium-238, the process of decay is so slow that it takes 4.5 billion years for half of the atoms in a rock to decay.

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Half-life of aspirin in your bloodstream is 12 hours. It takes 18.6 hours for the aspirin to decay to 70% of the original dosage.

First-order kinetics can be used to simulate how aspirin breaks down in the bloodstream. Aspirin has a 12-hour half-life, which means that after that time, only 50% of the initial dose will still be present in the blood.

We can use the following calculation to calculate how long it will take for the aspirin to degrade to 70% of the initial dosage:

N0 = N(t) e(-kt)

where N(t) is the quantity of aspirin still present at time t, N0 is the quantity present at the beginning, k is the first-order rate constant, and e is the natural logarithm's base.

Since aspirin has a 12-hour half-life, we can use the following equation to get the value of k:

t1/2 = ln(2) / k

k = ln(2) / t1/2

k=ln(2)/12 hours

k = 0.0578 hours

The time it takes for the aspirin dosage to decrease to 70% of the initial dosage can now be calculated using the equation N(t) = N0 e(-kt):

0.70 N0 = N0 e^(-0.0578t)

By multiplying both sides by N0, we obtain:

0.70 = e^(-0.0578t)

When we take the natural logarithm of both sides, we obtain:

ln(0.70) = -0.0578t

To solve for t, we obtain:

t = ln(0.70) / (-0.0578)

18.6 hours = t.

The aspirin will therefore take about 18.6 hours to dissolve to 70% of the initial dosage.

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The scientific advances made by Louis Pasteur helped to revolutionize the fields of microbiology and medicine.

Louis Pasteur's discoveries in microbiology and immunology led to significant improvements in public health and disease prevention. His germ theory of disease established that many illnesses were caused by microscopic organisms, and he developed methods of pasteurization and sterilization to kill harmful bacteria and prevent contamination. Pasteur also created vaccines for several diseases, including rabies and anthrax, which have saved countless lives. His contributions to science and medicine continue to impact our understanding and treatment of infectious diseases today.
The scientific advances made by Louis Pasteur helped to "improve public health and revolutionize the field of microbiology."

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The compound that is considered as the baseline in energy for EAS reactions is benzene. Hence, option A is correct.

Generally electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are described as organic reactions wherein an atom which is attached to an aromatic ring gets replaced by an electrophile. Commonly, these type of reactions involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom belonging to a benzene ring with an electrophile.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution shortly written as (EAS) reactions proceeds through a two-step mechanism. Basically in the first step, the aromatic ring, which acts as a nucleophile, attacks an electrophile (E+). This step is the slow (rate-determining) step since it disrupts aromaticity and results in a carbocation intermediate. Hence, the compound that is considered as the baseline in energy for EAS reactions is benzene. Hence, option A is correct.

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The solvation of borax favors the formation of products (Na+ and B4O5(OH)42-) over the reactants (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O and H2O) at both room temperature and ice-bath temperature.

What is the solvation of borax?

The solvation of borax involves the reaction:

Na2B4O7 · 10H2O (s) + 2H2O (l) ↔ 2Na+ (aq) + B4O5(OH)42- (aq) + 8H2O (l)

To determine whether the solvation of borax favors products or reactants, we need to compare the standard free energy change (ΔG°) of the reaction at room temperature (298 K) and ice-bath temperature (273 K).

ΔG° at 298 K = (-5.31 kJ/mol) - TΔS°

ΔG° at 273 K = (-5.85 kJ/mol) - TΔS°

where ΔS° is the standard entropy change of the reaction and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

From the above equations, we see that ΔG° decreases with decreasing temperature for both reactions. This means that the solvation of borax is more favorable at lower temperatures.

Since ΔG° is negative at both temperatures, this indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and favors products. Therefore, the solvation of borax favors the formation of products (Na+ and B4O5(OH)42-) over the reactants (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O and H2O) at both room temperature and ice-bath temperature.

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The pH of the solution made by mixing 20.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl with 40.00 mL of 0.100 M KOH is 12.52 (Option C).

To find the pH of a solution made by mixing 20.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl with 40.00 mL of 0.100 M KOH, follow these steps:

1. Calculate the moles of HCl and KOH:
  moles HCl = (0.100 mol/L) * (20.00 mL) * (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.002 mol
  moles KOH = (0.100 mol/L) * (40.00 mL) * (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.004 mol

2. Determine the moles of excess base (KOH) after the acid-base reaction:
  moles excess KOH = moles KOH - moles HCl = 0.004 mol - 0.002 mol = 0.002 mol

3. Calculate the concentration of the excess base in the final solution:
  Final volume = 20.00 mL + 40.00 mL = 60.00 mL
  [OH-] = (0.002 mol) / (60.00 mL * (1 L / 1000 mL)) = 0.0333 mol/L

4. Use the relationship between pOH and [OH-] to find pOH:
  pOH = -log10([OH-]) = -log10(0.0333) = 1.48

5. Calculate pH using the relationship between pH and pOH:
  pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 1.48 = 12.52

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Electronegative atoms are more acidic or basic, and the trend of acidity on the periodic table.

Electronegative atoms are generally more acidic. This is because electronegativity refers to an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond. When an atom with high electronegativity forms a bond with a hydrogen atom, it attracts the electron density towards itself, making the hydrogen more positively charged and more easily ionized. This leads to the release of a hydrogen ion (H+), which is the defining characteristic of an acid.

The trend of acidity on the periodic table generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom within a group. This trend is due to the increase in electronegativity as you move across a period and the decrease in electronegativity as you move down a group. As a result, elements on the upper right side of the periodic table (excluding the noble gases) tend to form more acidic compounds, while elements on the lower left side tend to form more basic compounds.

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The deep red color in Fe3+ is due to d-d electronic transitions within the high-spin electron configuration. Fe3+ has five unpaired d electrons in its outermost shell, which results in a strong absorption of light in the visible range.

The high extinction coefficient reflects the efficiency with which light is absorbed by the molecule, resulting in a deep red color. The absorption of light causes electrons to move from one d orbital to another, resulting in electronic transitions that give rise to the characteristic color of Fe3+.
                            the electronic transition responsible for the deep red color in Fe3+ with a high-spin electron configuration, given the high extinction coefficient.
                                              The electronic transition responsible for the deep red color in high-spin Fe3+ is the Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) transition. In this transition, an electron moves from a ligand's molecular orbital to an empty metal-centered d-orbital, which leads to the absorption of light in the visible spectrum, causing the deep red color. The high extinction coefficient indicates a strong absorption, which supports the presence of a LMCT transition in this case.

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When determining resonance structures for Lewis structures, the most stable one will indeed be the one that has a negative charge on the most electronegative atom.

Step-by-step explanation:
1. Draw all possible resonance structures for the molecule.
2. Determine the electronegativity values for each atom in the molecule.
3. Identify the resonance structures that have a negative charge on the most electronegative atoms.
4. The resonance structure with the negative charge on the most electronegative atom is considered the most stable. This is because electronegative atoms have a stronger attraction for electrons and can better stabilize a negative charge.

By following these steps, you can determine the most stable resonance structure for a given Lewis structure.

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Considering the definition of empirical formula, the empirical formula is C₃H₈.

The empirical formula, which specifies the elements that are present and the minimal proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms—that is, the subscripts of chemical formulas are reduced to the most integers—is the simplest statement to represent a chemical compound. as little as feasible.

Percent composition:

C: 81.71 %

H: 18.29%

In a 100 grams sample, you have 81.71 grams of carbon and 18.29 grams of hydrogen H.

C = 6.81 moles

H = 18.29 moles

To express this relationship in the form of simple integers

C: H mole ratio is 3: 8

Finally, the empirical formula is C₃H₈.

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The vrms, in meters per second, for helium atoms at 4.5 k is approximately 220 m/s.


The vrms, or root-mean-square velocity, is a measure of the average speed of gas molecules in a sample. It is calculated using the following formula:

vrms = √(3kT/m)

where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the mass of a single molecule of the gas.

For helium, the atomic mass is approximately 4 u (atomic mass units), or 6.64 x 10^-27 kg. At a temperature of 4.5 k, which is close to the point of liquefaction for helium, the vrms can be calculated as follows:

vrms = √(3kT/m) = √(3 x 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K x 4.5 K / 6.64 x 10^-27 kg)

vrms ≈ 220 m/s

Therefore, the vrms for helium atoms at 4.5 k is approximately 220 m/s.

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The functional group that the molecule below contain is: c. Hydroxyl.

The hydroxyl group , which is a distinctive functional group of alcohols and phenols, is composed of an oxygen atom bound to a hydrogen atom. The provided molecule is an alcohol since the hydroxyl group is joined to a carbon atom.

A carbon atom is doubly bound to an oxygen atom in the carbonyl functional group (>C=O), whereas an oxygen atom is coupled to two carbon atoms in the ether functional group (-O-). A distinctive functional group of amines is the amino functional group (-NH2), which consists of a nitrogen atom bound to two hydrogen atoms.

Therefore the correct option is C.

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Answer: its B)

Explanation:

it got the other answer wrong

The statement that best helps explain why the electronegativity of Cl is less than that of F is: when Cl and F form bonds with other atoms, the Cl bonding electrons are more shielded from the positive Cl nucleus than the F bonding electrons are shielded from the positive F nucleus.

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself when it is involved in a chemical bond. The greater the electronegativity of an atom, the more strongly it attracts electrons toward itself.

The electronegativity of an atom depends on several factors, including the size and charge of the nucleus, and the shielding effect of the inner electrons.

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Answer:

because it could be harmful and dangerous for our health. like some substances can be acid so if we taste it we can die.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

There are several reasons why we should not taste unknown substances:

Health risks: The unknown substance may be toxic or harmful to our health, and tasting it can lead to serious health issues or even death.

Allergic reactions: We may be allergic to some substances, and tasting them can cause severe allergic reactions.

Unpleasant taste: The substance may have a terrible taste, and tasting it can cause discomfort or nausea.

Contamination: The unknown substance may be contaminated, and tasting it can lead to the spread of harmful bacteria or viruses.

Legal issues: Tasting unknown substances can be illegal in some cases, such as trying drugs or other illegal substances.

In conclusion, it is always advisable to avoid tasting unknown substances. If you come across something you are unsure about, it is best to seek professional help or advice rather than risking your health or safety.

Alkenes have sp2 hybridization due to their carbon-carbon double bond, which forms three hybrid orbitals for sigma binding and one unhybridized p-orbital for pi-bonding.

Alkenes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a double bond between two carbon atoms. This double bond is responsible for many of the unique chemical properties of alkenes, such as their ability to undergo addition reactions. The carbon atoms involved in the double bond are sp2 hybridized, meaning that they have combined one s and two p orbitals to form three new hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are oriented in a trigonal planar geometry, with 120-degree bond angles between them. The three hybrid orbitals form sigma bonds with adjacent atoms, such as hydrogen or other carbon atoms, while the remaining unhybridized p orbital overlaps with another p orbital from the neighboring carbon atom, forming a pi bond.

The pi bond in alkenes is weaker than the sigma bonds, making it more susceptible to reactions. It is responsible for the characteristic planar structure of alkenes, which allows them to participate in various chemical reactions, such as addition reactions with electrophiles. Overall, the sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms in alkenes allows for the formation of the double bond, which plays a crucial role in the unique properties and reactivity of these molecules.

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The equilibrium constant can be used to predict the extent of a reaction, i.e. the degree of the disappearance of the reactants

when atoms ionize to form anions they get bigger

When atoms ionize to form anions, they generally become larger or bigger.

Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. The addition of electrons to the outermost electron shell increases electron-electron repulsion, causing the electron cloud to expand. Consequently, the size of the anion becomes greater than that of its parent atom.

In contrast, when atoms lose electrons to form cations (positively charged ions), the size of the ion decreases. This reduction in size is due to the loss of electrons, which reduces electron-electron repulsion and often results in the complete removal of an electron shell.

In summary, when atoms ionize to form anions, their size typically increases due to the addition of electrons and increased electron-electron repulsion. This process differs from cation formation, where electron loss leads to a decrease in ion size.

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A ligand is a molecule or ion that acts as a Lewis base.

The correct answer is:
A ligand is a molecule or ion that acts as a D) Lewis base.

Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. A Lewis base is a species that can donate a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond.
2. In coordination chemistry, ligands are molecules or ions that bind to a central metal atom or ion.
3. Ligands donate one or more electron pairs to the central atom, forming a coordinate covalent bond.

So, a ligand acts as a Lewis base because it donates electron pairs to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom or ion.

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Answer: b

Explanation:

a. The 2C capacitor carries twice the charge of the other capacitor is false.

b. The charge across each capacitor is the same. The energy stored by each capacitor is the same is true.

c. The voltage across each capacitor is the same is false.

a. The 2C capacitor carries twice the charge of the other capacitor is false because the capacitors are connected in series, so the charge on each capacitor will be the same.

b. The charge on each capacitor is the same because they are connected in series. The energy stored by each capacitor is not the same because the energy stored by a capacitor is proportional to its capacitance, with the larger capacitor storing more energy.

c. The voltage across each capacitor is not the same because the capacitors are connected in series. The total voltage across both capacitors is equal to the voltage of the battery, but the voltage across each individual capacitor will be different, with the larger capacitor having a lower voltage across it.

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Answer:

The correct answer is A. 13 g. 16 g of O2 will react with 8 g of C2H6 (2 moles of C2H6 requires 14 moles of O2). This will produce 8/4 = 2 moles of CO2, which is 88 g of CO2. When rounded to the nearest whole number, this is 13 g.

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In organic chemistry, more oxidized carbons do have priority. An oxidized carbon refers to a carbon atom that is bonded to an oxygen atom, either through a single or double bond. These carbons are more reactive and therefore have a higher priority in terms of naming and prioritizing functional groups.

This is because the presence of oxygen can significantly affect the chemical properties and reactivity of the molecule. For example, a molecule with a carbonyl group (C=O) is more reactive than a molecule without one, and the carbonyl carbon would be given a higher priority in naming.

Oxidation can be defined in multiple ways

1- Loss of electron

2- Increase in oxidation number

3- Loss of  hydrogen

4- Gain of oxygen atoms

The last definition is  the earlier one in organic chemistry.

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Answer:

Heating a reaction vessel increases the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules, which makes them move faster and collide more frequently. This leads to more successful collisions, which increases the rate of the reaction and the production of products. Additionally, increasing the temperature can lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, making it easier for the reaction to proceed.

According to LeChatelier's principle, when an exothermic reaction is heated, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with the fewer number of moles of gas. This is because heating an exothermic reaction is equivalent to adding heat as a product, and the system will try to counteract the increase in heat by shifting towards the side with fewer moles of gas. However, it's important to note that this shift in equilibrium is different from the increase in reaction rate caused by heating. The increase in reaction rate is due to the faster molecular motion, while the shift in equilibrium is due to the system's attempt to maintain a constant temperature.

LeChatelier's principle agrees with the observation that heating increases the rate of production of products, but they are not directly related. The principle explains the shift in equilibrium caused by changes in temperature, pressure, or concentration, while the increase in reaction rate caused by heating is a kinetic effect that doesn't involve changes in the equilibrium constant.

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