Here is the Java program that adds scores of students and stores them into an ArrayList:
```import java.util.*;public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList scores = new ArrayList(); Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); double score = 1.0; while (score != 0) { System.out.print("Enter score (type '0' to stop entering): "); score = input.nextDouble(); if (score != 0) { scores.add(score); } } System.out.println("Scores entered: " + scores); Collections.sort(scores); System.out.println("Sorted scores: " + scores); }}```
How to use the above program?The program will prompt the user to enter scores of students until they type 0. Then, the program will store all the scores into an ArrayList.
Finally, it will display all the scores entered and the sorted list of scores. To use this program, you can simply copy-paste it into an IDE such as Eclipse or NetBeans and run it. You will see the output in the console.
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Write ARM assembly code to implement the following
expressions.
(i) y=a+b-c
(ii) y=(a<<3) | (b&15);
(iii) switch (R0) {
case 0: S0; break;
case 1: S1; break;
case 2: S2; break;
default: err;
Here's an ARM assembly code to implement the following `default: err;`:``` LDR r0, =err BX lr ```
In the code snippet above, the value of `err` is loaded into the `r0` register. Then, the `BX lr` instruction returns control to the calling function.
(i) y=a+b-c
Let us break this expression down in parts:a+b-c can be written as (a+b)-c
Now, let's consider the following ARM assembly code:
ADD r3, r0, r1 ; r3=a+bSUB r3, r3, r2 ; r3 = a+b-c
Here, r0, r1, and r2 are the registers that hold the values of variables a, b, and c, respectively.
(ii) y=(a<<3) | (b&15);To implement this expression, we must first left-shift the value of a by three bits and perform a bitwise OR operation with the least significant four bits of the value of b. Here's the corresponding ARM assembly code: LSL r3, r0, #3 ; r3 = a<<3AND r2, r1, #15 ; r2 = b&15ORR r3, r3, r2 ; r3 = (a<<3) | (b&15)Here, r0, r1, r2, and r3 are the registers that hold the values of variables a, b, and y, respectively.
(iii) switch (R0) {case 0: S0; break;case 1: S1; break;case 2: S2; break;default: err;The given code snippet represents a switch statement.
Depending on the value of the register R0, one of the cases will be executed. If R0 contains the value 0, S0 will be executed. If it contains the value 1, S1 will be executed, and so on. If R0 does not match any of the cases, the default block will be executed.
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To obtain a JTable field's name, the correct statement to use is: A AbstractTableModel getColumnName(Columnindex + 1) 8. ResultSet getColumnName(Columnindex + 1) C JTable getColumnName(Columnindex + 1) D. ResultSetMetaData.columnName(Columnindex +1) E JTable columnName(Columnindex + 1) 10. To notify a JTable that the table has changed, one of the following statements achie A tableDataChanged(?) B. itemStateChanged(?) C. data TableChanged(?) D valueChanged(7) E fire TableStructureChanged() 11. To create a static thread-pool & a pool manager, a programmer would write: A ThreadPool.create(10) B. Executors.newFixed ThreadPool(10) C. ExecutorService.newCachedThreadPool() D. Thread newCachedThreadPool() E. ExecutorService.createCached ThreadPool() 12. How to programmatically enable thread "B" to suspend its execution and wait for thread " assuming that "B" has executed "A"? A. B.notify B.B.wait() C.B.join() DA join() E. Condition await() 13. To release the monitor-lock of an object "A", the following statement should be invoked by t A Condition signall) Condition await) C. Aawait) D. A unlock() E. A notify 14. In order to obtain the result of a task-processing by a thread, a programmer would need to en A Executors 8. Callable C Runnable D. Thread E ExcutorService 15. If a thread attempts to access a "synchronized" method and access to the method can not be the is A Runnable B. Waiting C. Timed Waiting D. Blocked E Suspended 16. Which statement of the following list would schedule the task "long Factorial(int x)" by thread A. A start) B new Thread(A) C. A.call() D. ExecutorService execute(A) E ExecutorService submit(A) 17. How to obtain a remote web client's logical address?: A HttpServletRequest getClientAddress 8. HttpServletRequest getRemoteHost) C.HttpServietRequest getRemoteAddr) D. HitpServletResponse.getClientAddress( E. HttpServletResponse.getRemoteAddr) 2
To obtain a JTable field's name, the correct statement to use is: C. JTable getColumnName(Columnindex + 1)To notify a JTable that the table has changed, one of the following statements achieves:
A. To create a static thread-pool & a pool manager, a programmer would write: B. Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10)How to programmatically enable thread "B" to suspend its execution and wait for thread "A" assuming that "B" has executed "A"?B. B.wait()To release the monitor-lock of an object "A", the following statement should be invoked by the thread that acquired it: D. A unlock()In order to obtain the result of a task-processing by a thread, a programmer would need to employ:
B. CallableIf a thread attempts to access a "synchronized" method and access to the method cannot be obtained, the thread is: D. BlockedThe statement that would schedule the task "long Factorial(int x)" by thread is: D. ExecutorService execute(A)To obtain a remote web client's logical address, HttpServletRequest getRemoteAddr() should be used. Answer: C. HttpServletRequest getRemoteAddr)
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Must at least read or write to a file • Must utilize at least a list or dictionary • Must incorporate user input • Must utilize functions to make code organized and efficient • Must utilize at least ifs or loops
An example of a Python program that incorporates the mentioned requirements to take login information (username and password) from the user -
def read_credentials():
credentials = {}
with open('login_info.txt', 'r') as file:
for line in file:
username, password = line.strip().split(',')
credentials[username] = password
return credentials
def write_credentials(username, password):
with open('login_info.txt', 'a') as file:
file.write(f'{username},{password}\n')
def login():
credentials = read_credentials()
username = input("Enter your username: ")
password = input("Enter your password: ")
if username in credentials and credentials[username] == password:
print("Login successful!")
else:
print("Invalid credentials.")
def register():
username = input("Enter a username: ")
password = input("Enter a password: ")
write_credentials(username, password)
print("Registration successful!")
# Main program
while True:
choice = input("Choose an option (login/register/exit): ")
if choice == "login":
login()
elif choice == "register":
register()
elif choice == "exit":
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")
How does this work?- The login information is stored in a file called "login_info.txt" in the format `username,password`.
- The `read_credentials()` function reads the credentials from the file and returns them as a dictionary.
- The `write_credentials()` function appends new credentials to the file.
- The `login()` function asks the user for their username and password and checks if they match the stored credentials.
- The `register()` function asks the user to enter a new username and password and saves them to the file.
- The main program uses a while loop to repeatedly prompt the user for options (login, register, or exit) and calls the respective functions based on the choice.
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Full Question:
Although part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this full question:
In Python Create A Program That Takes Login Information (Username And Password) Please Make Sure All In The Picture Below Is Utilized
in python create a program that takes login information (username and password) please make sure all in the picture below is utilized
Must at least read or write to a file • Must utilize at least a list or dictionary • Must incorporate user input • Must utilize functions to make code organized and efficient • Must utilize at least ifs or loops
Assume a String variable named linel has been declared. Write a statement that declares a Scanner object associated with a file named "poem". Then, write another statement that uses the Scanner object to read the first line from the file and stores it in line1. (Do not use a try statement here. Simply write the two lines of code.)
The code declares a `Scanner` object associated with a file named "poem" and reads the first line from the file into a `String` variable named `line1`.
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("poem"));
String line1 = scanner.nextLine();
The code initializes a `Scanner` object by passing the `File` object representing the "poem" file to its constructor. The `File` object represents a file on the system. Then, the `nextLine()` method is called on the `Scanner` object to read the next line from the file, and the returned line is stored in the `line1` variable of type `String`. This allows access to the content of the first line of the file for further processing or display.
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What are the best data structures to create the following items? And why?
1. Designing a Card Game with 52 cards.
2. Online shopping cart (Amazon, eBay, Walmart, Cosco, Safeway....)
3. Online waiting list (De Anza College class waiting list, ...)
4. Purchasing online Tickets (Flight tickets, concert tickets, ...) (=> Fixed-size <=)
For designing a card game with 52 cards, the best data structure is a stack, For an online shopping cart, the best data structure is a list, For an online waiting list, the best data structure is a queue, For purchasing online tickets with a fixed size, the best data structure is an array.
1.
The stack data structure is used here.
A stack is a data structure that operates on the principle of Last In First Out (LIFO). In a card game, the deck of cards is shuffled, and then each player takes turns drawing a card from the top of the deck. In order to simulate this, we can use a stack where each card is pushed onto the top of the stack and each player pops a card from the top of the stack.2.
Here list data structure is used.
A list is a dynamic collection of elements that maintains their order and allows for the addition or removal of elements as needed.In an online shopping cart, items are added to the cart and then the user can choose to remove them or proceed to checkout. A list can easily handle these operations.3.
Here queue data structure is used.
A queue is a data structure that operates based on the principle of First In First Out (FIFO). In an online waiting list, users are added to the list in the order that they joined, and are served in that order as well. A queue is the ideal data structure for this.4.
Here array data structure is used.
An array is a data structure that stores elements of the same type in a sequence, occupying adjacent memory locations.Since the number of tickets is fixed, an array can be used to store information about each ticket, such as the ticket type, price, and availability.To learn more about data structure: https://brainly.com/question/29585513
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PYTHON LIST OF DICTIONARIES PROBLEM
I've been having trouble extracting multiple specific key:value pairs from a list of dictionaries in my code. I will write an example code below:
data_set = [{'diet': 'fruit': 'Apple', 'vegetable': 'Carrot', 'meat': 'Steak', 'starch': 'Rice, 'date': '2022-03-26', 'count': '50'}]
Lets say I would like to:
1. extract the key:value pairs for diet, fruit, meat, count
2. add those key:value pairs to a new dictionary
3. print the new dictionary
4. extract and print the value of 'diet' if the value of 'count' is >= 25 from the new dictionary
How would I code for this?
The Python code has been written in the space that we have below
How to write the python codedata_set = [
{'diet': 'fruit', 'fruit': 'Apple', 'vegetable': 'Carrot', 'meat': 'Steak', 'starch': 'Rice', 'date': '2022-03-26', 'count': '50'}
]
# Step 1: Extract specific key-value pairs
keys_to_extract = ['diet', 'fruit', 'meat', 'count']
new_dict = {key: data_set[0][key] for key in keys_to_extract}
# Step 2: Print the new dictionary
print("New Dictionary:")
print(new_dict)
# Step 3: Extract and print the value of 'diet' if the value of 'count' is >= 25
if int(new_dict['count']) >= 25:
print("\nValue of 'diet' when count is >= 25:")
print(new_dict['diet'])
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Write a C++ program that calls a function to print out hello world ten times using a for loop
To write a C++ program that calls a function to print out hello world ten times using a for loop, we can follow the steps below:Step 1: First, we create a function named printHello() which will print "Hello World" on the console window.
To print "Hello World" ten times, we can use a for loop inside the function. The function will be as follows: void printHello() { for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { std::cout << "Hello World" << std::endl; } }
Step 2: Next, we create the main function which will call the printHello() function ten times using another for loop. The main function will be as follows: int main() { for(int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { printHello(); } return 0; }
Step 3: Finally, we compile and run the program to see the output. Here's the complete C++ program that calls a function to print out hello world ten times using a for loop.
In the above program, the printHello() function is used to print "Hello World" ten times using a for loop. The main function is used to call the printHello() function ten times using another for loop. This program will print "Hello World" ten times on the console window.
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Briefly answer:
b) Explain why genetic algorithm does not guarantee that a global optimal solution will be found.
c) But, why is genetic algorithm useful? In other words, describe in general situations in which a genetic algorithm may be better than nonlinear or integer programming.
d) In general why cant a genetic algorithm cope with a large number of constraint?
The genetic algorithm does not guarantee finding a global optimal solution due to its reliance on random variations and selection processes, which can result in suboptimal solutions or getting stuck in local optima. However, it remains useful in complex optimization problems, especially when dealing with nonlinearities, combinatorial optimization, and situations where traditional approaches like nonlinear or integer programming may be less effective.
b) Genetic algorithms do not guarantee finding a global optimal solution because they work based on the principles of natural evolution, using random variations and selection processes that may lead to suboptimal solutions or get stuck in local optima.
c) Despite not guaranteeing a global optimal solution, genetic algorithms are useful in various situations. They excel in complex, nonlinear, and combinatorial optimization problems where traditional approaches like nonlinear or integer programming may struggle. Genetic algorithms can handle large solution spaces, diverse constraints, and nonlinearity effectively, making them suitable for problems with multiple objectives or when the search space is not well-defined.
d) However, genetic algorithms may face challenges when dealing with a large number of constraints. As the number of constraints increases, it becomes more difficult to find feasible solutions that satisfy all the constraints simultaneously. The search space expands, making it harder for the algorithm to explore and converge towards valid solutions efficiently.
This can lead to longer computation times and lower success rates in finding feasible solutions for highly constrained problems. Therefore, alternative optimization methods or techniques that specifically address constraint handling may be more suitable in such cases.
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Please change this code's "if" and "ands" statements and make the code as different as possible without the code loosing it's functionality.
// include the library code:
#include
// Initialize library by way of pin interface
// Elego uno pin number
const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;
int adl_switch = 6; //switch 6
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16, 2); // thisn is the LCD's number of columns and row:
pinMode(adl_switch, INPUT_PULLUP); //this indicates internal plug rssitor
}
void loop() {
//Switch on
if (digitalRead (adl_switch) == LOW)
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Adl Switch");
lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
lcd.print("Adl switch ON ");
}
//code for button inputs when off
if (digitalRead (adl_switch) == HIGH)
{
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Switch");
lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
lcd.print(" Off");
}
//this is where my pot is connected, analog pin:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
//equation to convert the input from 0-1023 to a voltage value
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0/1023.0);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("V= V");
lcd.setCursor(2, 1);
lcd.print(voltage);
//this section is to print the position of the switch
if (digitalRead (adl_switch) == HIGH){
Serial.print("digital = 0");
}else{
Serial.print("digital = 1");
}
Serial.print(" ");
Serial.print("analog = ");
Serial.println(voltage);
delay(50);
}
The given code can be modified by modifying the if and else if statements of the given code. The modification of if and else if statement will make the code different but the functionality of the code will remain the same.
The modified code is as follows:Modifying the code by changing "if" and "else if" statements:#include const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;int adl_switch = 6;LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);lcd.begin(16, 2);pinMode(adl_switch, INPUT_PULLUP);}void loop() {//Switch onswitch(digitalRead(adl_switch)){case LOW:lcd.setCursor(0, 0);lcd.print("Adl Switch");lcd.setCursor(6, 0);lcd.print("Adl switch ON ");break;case HIGH:lcd.setCursor(0, 0);lcd.print("Switch");lcd.setCursor(6, 0);lcd.print("
Off");break;default:break;}int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);lcd.setCursor(0, 1);lcd.print("V= V");lcd.setCursor(2, 1);lcd.print(voltage);if(digitalRead(adl_switch) == HIGH){Serial.print("digital = 0");}else{Serial.print("digital = 1");}Serial.print(" ");Serial.print("analog = ");Serial.println(voltage);delay(50);}The above given modified code is functionally same as the original code but the statements used are different and unique.
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The YOLO network detects bounding boxes. Some objects can appear large in the image while others appear small. The loss function for YOLO appears below. How does this ensure that large bounding boxes do not get excessive emphasis compared to those for small bounding boxes? Are there any shortcomings of this solution? [3 marks] s² B Acoord ΣΣ¹% [(x₁ − âi)² + (yi − ŷi)²] i=0 j=0 + Acmet Σ ≤ 1″ [(√wi – √wi)² + (√ñ – √ñ)²] s2 B obj +ΣΣ1%j (c-c)* i=0 j=0 s² B noobj + Anocbj 1 (C₁-C₁) ² ΣΣ1" Fij i=0 j=0 82 obj + Σ1 Σ (pi(c) – pi(c))2 ΣΕΣ i=0 ceclasses
The loss value of YOLO involves multiple terms that jointly impact the loss function.
What is the loss function?Bounding Box Coordinates Loss: In the loss function, the initial component is responsible for measuring the disparity between the anticipated and actual bounding box coordinates (x, y) and (â, ŷ), respectively.
The method utilizes the square of the Euclidean distance [(x₁ - âi)² + (yi - ŷi)²] to estimate the difference in the anticipated and actual positions. The overall loss calculation accounts for the total differences of all bounding boxes, which is expressed as the sum of squared deviations of horizontal and vertical coordinates (ΣΣ¹%[(x₁ - âi)² + (yi - ŷi)²])
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For the following CFG, perform CKY-parsing and derive ALL possible parse trees for the string "baaaaba".
S -> AB | BC
A -> BA | a
B -> CC | b
C -> AB | a
The CKY-parsing algorithm is a type of bottom-up parsing. It uses a dynamic programming approach to discover if a string belongs to a particular context-free language, and if so, it discovers the syntactic structure of the string.
Here are the steps to perform CKY-parsing:
1: Create a chart with cells representing all possible substrings of the input string and nonterminals that can generate each substring. Initialize the cells on the diagonal with the nonterminals that generate the corresponding input symbol. 2: Fill in the cells on the chart in a diagonal order, starting from the top-right and working your way to the bottom-left. 3: If the top-right cell contains the start symbol of the grammar, then the input string is accepted. Otherwise, it is not.For the given context-free grammar, here is how we can perform CKY-parsing:
1: Create the chart and fill in the diagonal cells with the nonterminals that generate the corresponding input symbols: 2: Fill in the rest of the cells using the CKY algorithm: 3: The top-right cell contains the start symbol "S", which means that the input string "baaaaba" is generated by the grammar.Learn more about parse trees at
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All employees are to pay 15 % of their gross as INCOME TAX and 5% towards the NHIS. An employee has to pay 2 cedis per towards GETFUND. Draw the flow chart and write a C++ software solution that accept the appropriate input and also output an employee's gross pay, various deduction (INCOME TAX, NHIS, GETFUND) and the NET PAY with appropriate caption. (You are required to use user-defined functions for all the outputs and the deductions). CR(20) b) Using flowcharts explain the structure of a loop block in computer programming EV(5) TOTAL(25) Question 2 a). Draw the flow chart and write a C++ software for a solution that can solve the problem.below. Σ1 α, n Where a = {a1,2,3,...an} CR( 15 marks b) Convert the following while loops into for loops i. int i = 1; while (i <= 10) { if (i <5 && i !=2) cout<< "X": i++; } ii. int i = 1; while (i <= 10) { cout<<"X": i = i +3; } c) Using flow charts and syntaxes only, identify and explain the i. Difference between the do while and the while loop control structures or block ii. Similarities between the cascaded if statement and the switch statement EV(5) O TOTAL [25] )
The given task requires the development of a C++ software solution that calculates an employee's gross pay, deductions for income tax, NHIS, and GETFUND, and provides the net pay.
The solution should use user-defined functions for the calculations and incorporate flowcharts for visual representation. Additionally, the question includes converting while loops into for loops and explaining the differences and similarities between the do-while loop and the while loop control structures, as well as the cascaded if statement and the switch statement.
To complete the task, a C++ program needs to be developed that accepts inputs for the employee's gross pay, calculates the deductions for income tax (15%), NHIS (5%), and GETFUND (2 cedis), and outputs the gross pay, deductions, and net pay. User-defined functions can be created to handle the calculations and return the results. Flowcharts can be used to represent the program's structure and flow of execution.
For the second part of the question, while loops can be converted into for loops by defining the initialization, condition, and increment/decrement statements within the for loop syntax. The given while loops can be rewritten accordingly.
In terms of explaining the differences between the do-while and while loop control structures, and the similarities between the cascaded if statement and the switch statement, flowcharts can be used to illustrate the flow of control and decision-making processes in each structure. The syntax and functionalities of these structures can be explained to highlight their similarities and differences.
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I'm not sure how to code this, the person in the previous question which connects to this says to draw code from the textbook and etc but i'm not sure which one. Can I get help coding this?
Some general tips on how to approach coding problems:
1. Start by breaking the problem down into smaller steps or tasks. This will make it easier to tackle the problem one piece at a time and ensure that you don't miss anything important.
2. Use pseudocode to outline your approach before you start coding. Pseudocode is like a rough draft of your code that you write in plain English (or any language you're comfortable with). It should include all the steps or tasks you identified in step 1.
3. Use comments in your code to explain what you're doing at each step. This will make it easier for someone else (or your future self) to understand your code.
4. Test your code frequently as you write it. Don't wait until you've finished writing the entire program to test it. Test each section or module of code as you write it to make sure it's working as expected.
5. If you get stuck or are unsure how to proceed, consult your textbook or other resources for examples or guidance. Don't be afraid to ask for help from your instructor or classmates.
When you're not sure how to code something, start by breaking the problem down into smaller steps, use pseudocode to outline your approach, use comments in your code, test your code frequently, and consult your textbook or other resources when you need help.
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What type of database does Netflix use? Why was this type of storage used? What challenges did they face? Use other resources along with the case study. Did other streaming services have the same challenges (Hulu, Amazon, HBO, etc.)?
Netflix uses a distributed database that is managed by Apache Cassandra, an open-source, NoSQL, column-family-based storage system. The company chose Cassandra as its storage platform to support its massive volumes of data and to be able to scale horizontally while keeping costs low.
Cassandra allows Netflix to maintain a large volume of data spread across several servers, ensuring quick read and write operations. It is also highly available, fault-tolerant, and can handle large data sizes while ensuring the system’s stability. Netflix can also use Cassandra to maintain a seamless experience for customers by eliminating downtime and enabling zero-downtime operations. Netflix also relies on Amazon Web Services (AWS) to maintain the necessary infrastructure for Cassandra, including database replication and backups. As Netflix grew, it faced several challenges, such as maintaining the consistency of the database, dealing with frequent outages, and managing data at scale.
To address these challenges, the company began to use automated failover systems, developed its own toolkits for backups, and implemented a data pipeline to handle the ingestion and processing of large data sets. Other streaming services have faced similar challenges, but not all of them use Cassandra. For example, Hulu uses Amazon’s Relational Database Service (RDS) for MySQL and PostgreSQL to store its data, while Amazon Prime Video relies on its own NoSQL-based storage system, Amazon DynamoDB.
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Your computer has some files. For this problem, it is confirmed that all filenames are of equal length and will be in lowercase.
You have to write a program to find a common pattern of these filenames.
A pattern can contain letters ('a'-'z'), '.' character, and '?' character only, and nothing else.
Each '?' matches any single character (including '.'), and all other characters match themselves only. For example, the pattern "conte?t.info" matches the filenames "contest.info" and "content.info", but not "contemn.info" or "contests.nfo".
Two Sample Inputs
contest.txt context.txt
config.sys config.inf configures
Two Sample Outputs
conte?t.txt
config????
The following is the Python program to find the common pattern of filenames provided that they are of equal length and in lowercase:
filenameList = input().split()filenameLength = len(filenameList[0])result = ""for i in range(filenameLength): currentChar = filenameList[0][i] for j in range(1, len(filenameList)): if currentChar != filenameList[j][i]: result += "?" break else: result += currentCharif "." in result: result = result.replace(".", "\.") if "?" in result: result = result.replace("?", ".")print(result)
The program starts by taking the input filenames as a string and splits them using the space character as the delimiter. The program then gets the length of the first filename and initializes the result string.The program then loops through each character in the first filename and assigns the current character to the variable currentChar.
The program then loops through the other filenames and checks if the current character is the same as the corresponding character in the other filenames. If the current character is the same in all filenames, the program appends it to the result string. Otherwise, it appends the "?" character to the result string.
The program then checks if the result string contains the "." character. If it does, it replaces it with "\." using the replace() function. If the result string contains the "?" character, it replaces it with "." using the replace() function.The program then prints the final result, which is the common pattern of the filenames.
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23. By first calculating the CRC required, show how a 4b CRC based on the polynomial x¹+x+1 would protect the data string 0101101000111100 from a 2bit error (you may pick any two bits to be in error)
To protect it from a 2-bit error, we need to use a 4-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) based on the polynomial x¹+x+1.
The first step is to append a 4-bit zero string (0000) to the end of the original data string, as the degree of the CRC is 4.
So, the augmented message is 01011010001111000000.
The polynomial generator is x^4+x^3+x+1.
This is because the degree of the generator polynomial is 4. Therefore, it has four terms. To find the CRC, we need to perform modulo-2 division. The divisor is the generator polynomial. In this example, the dividend is the augmented message and the divisor is x^4+x^3+x+1. The dividend should be divided by the divisor.
The remainder is the CRC.
To start the modulo-2 division, we should align the highest term of the dividend with the highest term of the divisor, as shown below.
01011010001111000000|x^4+x^3+x+1
We perform the first division by bringing the divisor down to the dividend, multiplying it by 0, and writing it down below the dividend. Then, we XOR the dividend and the partial remainder, as shown below.
01011010001111000000|x^4+x^3+x+1 0100 (partial remainder) 0000
The XOR of the dividend and the partial remainder is 0101001000111100. We bring down the next term (0) and append it to the partial remainder to make it 01000.
We then perform another division, as shown below.
0101001000111100|x^4+x^3+x+1 01000 (partial remainder) 01011 10101 10001 11000 11011
The remainder of the last division is 11011, which is the CRC. Therefore, the transmitted message is 0101101000111100110110.
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Instructions: Using an array, enhance the program that you have performed in the previous exercise. The program should accept multiple entries and iteratively perform the following operations. Submit the source code and screenshot of output. Using a user-defined function and appropriate conditional and looping statements, create a program that will: (a) ask the item price from the user (b) ask how many items to purchase for a specific item price (c) ask if there are other items to purchase, if yes, repeat the first step, proceed to the next step if otherwise (d) compute and display for the total amount to pay (e) ask for the payment from the user (f) accepts only enough amount of payment, ask another payment if otherwise (g) compute and display change
Here is the code in Python which accepts multiple entries and iteratively perform the following operations: (a) ask the item price from the user (b) ask how many items to purchase for a specific item price (c) ask if there are other items to purchase, if yes, repeat the first step, proceed to the next step if otherwise (d) compute and display for the total amount to pay (e) ask for the payment from the user (f) accepts only enough amount of payment, ask another payment if otherwise
(g) compute and display change: Code:```def total amount(items): total = 0 for i in items: total += i return totaldef change(amount, paid): return paid - amountitems = []while True: item_price = float(input("Enter the item price: ")) item_quantity = int(input("Enter the quantity of the item: ")) items.append(item price * item_quantity) choice = input("Do you have another item to purchase? (y/n)")
if choice.lower() == "n": breaktotal = total amount(items)print("Total Amount: PHP", total)while True: paid_amount = float(input("Enter the amount paid: PHP ")) if paid_amount >= total: break else: print("Insufficient amount paid, please try again!")change_amount = change(total, paid_amount)print("Change amount: PHP", change_amount)```
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