Match each individual below with the correct description.
A. Andrew Jackson
B. Henry Clay
C. John Quincy Adams
D. William Crawford
1. finished third in the electoral vote but was eliminated by illness
2. was elected president by the House of Representatives despite his weak popular appeal
3. threw his support to the winning candidate, inspiring charges of a "corrupt bargain"
4. finished first in the popular vote but lost in the House of Representatives

Colonists in both the North and South did not establish differences in a) "Patterns of settlement."

When comparing the colonists in the North and South, they established differences in various aspects such as economies, political systems, values, and allegiance to England. These differences were influenced by factors such as geographical conditions, climate, available resources, and societal norms. In terms of economies, the North focused more on industries such as manufacturing, trade, and commerce, while the South relied heavily on agriculture, particularly the plantation system based on cash crops like tobacco, rice, and later cotton.

Political systems also varied, with the North being characterized by town meetings and representative assemblies, while the South had a more hierarchical structure with a reliance on wealthy landowners. Values and cultural practices also differed between the two regions. However, patterns of settlement were not a significant point of contrast between the North and South, as both regions established colonies and settlements along the eastern coast of North America.

Option a is answer.

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The founder of Italian Fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was Benito Mussolini.

Benito Mussolini, the founder of Italian Fascism, was the leader of Italy from 1922 to 1943. Under Mussolini's leadership, Italy pursued an expansionist agenda and sought to establish an Italian empire. One of the major actions taken by Mussolini was the invasion and conquest of Ethiopia (then Abyssinia) in 1935-1936.

Mussolini saw the invasion of Ethiopia as an opportunity to demonstrate Italian power and establish a colonial empire in Africa. The invasion began on October 3, 1935, and involved a significant Italian military force. The Italians employed modern weaponry, including tanks and aircraft, against a largely ill-equipped Ethiopian army.

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The Columbia School of Journalism, now known as the Columbia Journalism School, was founded and endowed by Joseph Pulitzer, a prominent Hungarian-American newspaper publisher and journalist.

In 1902, Pulitzer offered Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler a $2 million endowment to establish a journalism school. His vision was to create an institution that would train future generations of journalists to uphold the highest standards of integrity, professionalism, and ethical reporting.

Pulitzer's endowment enabled the Columbia School of Journalism to become one of the most prestigious and respected journalism schools in the world. The institution offers rigorous academic programs, hands-on training, and practical experience to prepare students for successful careers in journalism.

As part of its mission, the school is committed to advancing journalistic excellence, promoting diversity, and ensuring that its graduates adhere to the core principles of accuracy, fairness, and accountability.

The school is also known for administering the prestigious Pulitzer Prizes, which were established by Joseph Pulitzer to recognize outstanding achievements in journalism, literature, and musical composition. Since their inception in 1917, the Pulitzer Prizes have become a benchmark for excellence in these fields and continue to inspire journalists and other creatives to pursue the highest levels of integrity and craftsmanship in their work.

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In 1854, the democratic party lost its dominance in the free states due to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and allowed for popular sovereignty, which meant that residents of a territory could vote on whether or not to allow slavery.

This caused a split within the democratic party, with many Northern Democrats opposing the act and feeling betrayed by their Southern counterparts. This led to the formation of the Republican Party, which was firmly anti-slavery and gained support in the free states. The issue of slavery became increasingly divisive, and the democratic party's support for the institution caused them to lose ground in the free states, leading to the eventual election of Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1860.

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Douglas was adamantly opposed to black citizenship because he could not imagine blacks as anything other than inferior to whites. I only want white people to be citizens, he proclaimed.

One of the most significant distinctions between Douglas and Lincoln's perspectives on slavery is that, in contrast to Lincoln, Douglas did not see slavery as a moral dilemma, an agonizing choice, or a problem that would split the Union.

Douglass was one of the first black men to be invited to the White House, and he visited with Lincoln to discuss a number of topics, including the unfair treatment and pay of African American soldiers.

Thus, Douglas was adamantly opposed to black citizenship.

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One of the greatest changes that took place during the Middle Kingdom in ancient Egypt was the establishment of a centralized government.The correct answer is option (D).  Prior to this time, Egypt was divided into smaller, independent city-states with their own rulers.

The establishment of a centralized government also allowed for more stability and security within the kingdom. The pharaoh was able to maintain control over the military and prevent rebellions or uprisings from smaller regions.Hnce , the right answer is option (D).

This sense of stability and security helped to facilitate growth in trade and commerce throughout the kingdom, as merchants were able to travel more easily and safely. Overall, the establishment of a centralized government during the Middle Kingdom was a significant change in the political structure of ancient Egypt and had a profound impact on the country's economy and social development.

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Answer: The middle division of the three historical divisions of the Roman Empire was the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire.

The Byzantine Empire emerged after the division of the Roman Empire in the 4th century AD, when Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the empire from Rome to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul). The Byzantine Empire continued to exist for nearly a thousand years, from the 4th century until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.

The Byzantine Empire was distinct from the Western Roman Empire in several ways. It was heavily influenced by Greek culture, language, and religion, and was characterized by a more centralized and bureaucratic government. The Byzantine Empire also had a long history of conflict with neighboring powers, such as the Persians and the Arabs, as well as with the Western Roman Empire and its successor states.

Despite its many challenges and setbacks, the Byzantine Empire made significant contributions to the fields of art, architecture, literature, philosophy, and theology. Its legacy continues to be felt in the modern world, particularly in the Eastern Orthodox Church, which traces its roots back to the Byzantine Empire.

The middle division of the three historical divisions of the Roman Empire was the Byzantine Empire.

The Byzantine Empire was the middle division of the three historical divisions of the Roman Empire, following the Western Roman Empire and preceding the Ottoman Empire. Its capital was Constantinople, which was previously known as Byzantium, and it was ruled by a series of emperors who governed a vast territory in the Eastern Mediterranean region for over 1,000 years. The Byzantine Empire was known for its rich culture, art, and architecture, as well as its military might and influence on world history. Its legacy can still be seen today in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Cyrillic alphabet, and various cultural and artistic traditions.

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If the tally on a record vote cast on the voting machine is close in the Texas House, the speaker of the house may call for a manual vote count. In this scenario, members will be asked to stand and be counted by the tellers, who will record their vote manually.

This process can take longer than a machine vote, but it ensures an accurate count and allows for any discrepancies or challenges to be addressed. Ultimately, the decision on how to proceed with a close vote rests with the speaker of the house.

When a record vote cast on the voting machine in the Texas House is close, it usually triggers a process called "verification." Verification is a procedure where the accuracy of the recorded votes is double-checked to ensure the final outcome is correct. This process helps maintain transparency and fairness in decision-making within the Texas House.

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The border between Texas and Mexico is approximately 1,200 miles long and is considered a high-traffic area for illegal immigration and drug smuggling.

To address these issues, the federal government has implemented various measures to secure the border, including the deployment of additional Border Patrol agents, construction of physical barriers, and use of technology such as drones and sensors to detect illegal activity.

Additionally, there are various interagency task forces and partnerships between federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to coordinate efforts to combat illegal immigration and criminal activity along the border.

Despite these efforts, there continues to be debate and controversy over the effectiveness of these measures and the broader issue of immigration policy in the United States.

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Answer: One of the most important architectural elements of Romanesque portals used to depict important imagery is the tympanum.

The tympanum is a semi-circular or triangular shaped area above the doorway, often richly decorated with sculptures and reliefs. This area was typically used to depict scenes from the Bible or the lives of saints and was considered the most important part of the portal.

The imagery on the tympanum was often highly detailed and symbolic, intended to convey religious messages and inspire awe and reverence in the viewer. The size and prominence of the tympanum in Romanesque portals reflects the importance of religious imagery and symbolism in medieval art and architecture.

Romanesque portals were known for their elaborate architectural elements that showcased the intricate craftsmanship of the era. One of the most notable architectural elements of these portals was the use of decorative sculptures and relief carvings. These sculptures often depict important religious imagery, including scenes from the Bible or saints and other religious figures.

One specific element that was commonly used to depict important imagery on Romanesque portals was the tympanum. The tympanum is a semi-circular or triangular decorative element situated above the doorway of a Romanesque portal. It typically features intricate relief carvings or sculptures that depict religious scenes or important figures.

In addition to the tympanum, other architectural elements of Romanesque portals that were used to depict important imagery included the lintel, the archivolts, and the jambs. These elements were often adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures that added to the overall grandeur and beauty of the portal.

Overall, the use of decorative sculptures and relief carvings on Romanesque portals was a key architectural element that helped to depict the most important imagery of the time. These elements not only served a functional purpose but also helped to elevate the overall aesthetic of the portals and the religious buildings they adorned.

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Compared to indentured servants, African American slaves were generally considered d) a more easily controlled labor force.

Indentured servants were individuals who agreed to work for a specific period of time in exchange for passage to the New World, while African American slaves were forcibly taken from their homes and brought to the colonies as property. Slave owners saw slaves as a more controllable workforce due to their lack of rights and the physical and psychological control methods employed by the owners. In contrast, indentured servants retained some legal rights and had a set term of service, which made them less vulnerable to manipulation and control.

While African American slaves were not inherently less reliable workers or more likely to rebel than indentured servants, the oppressive conditions they faced often led to acts of resistance. However, it's important to note that this resistance was a response to the inhumane treatment they endured, rather than a characteristic unique to African American slaves. The cost of slaves could vary, so options c and e might be true in specific cases, but the primary difference between these two groups was the level of control exerted over their labor and lives.

Therefore, the correct answer is d) a more easily controlled labor force.

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Britain opposed Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted because the ports of these nations were now open to lucrative trade. Thus, option (d) is correct.

Britain did not want to lose access to these markets after the victorious Latin American uprising against Spain created new outlets for trade.

Spain, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom were all engaging in a global colonial power struggle at the time that the process of Spanish-American independence was being created.

As a result, the significance of the Spain's reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

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Answer:

- Debt to other countries(Trillions of dollars of debt)

-Other countries rapidly growing and surpassing the US

-Terrorism

-Disease (lets never forget COVID-19)

-Cyber attacks on critical infrastructure(like healthcare)

~~~Harsha~~~

The combination of economic hardship, dissatisfaction with Democratic policies, the appeal of Republican economic policies, and the perception of the Democrats as increasingly radical led to a significant shift of urban working-class voters to the Republican Party in 1894.

First, the economic depression of the 1890s, known as the Panic of 1893, led to high unemployment rates and financial hardships for the urban working class. The Democratic Party, which was in power at the time, was largely blamed for the economic downturn and their ineffective response to the crisis.

Second, the Republican Party capitalized on this dissatisfaction by promoting policies that appealed to the urban working-class, such as protective tariffs and monetary policies that favored industrial growth.

Third, the labor unrest and strikes that occurred during this period, such as the Pullman Strike, further disillusioned the urban working-class with the Democratic Party. The Republican Party, on the other hand, portrayed themselves as the champions of law and order.

Lastly, the growing influence of the Populist movement within the Democratic Party led many urban working-class voters to perceive the Democrats as increasingly radical and out of touch with their interests. In contrast, the Republican Party was seen as more moderate .

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During the Seven Years' War, c. British officials were disturbed by the lukewarm support of many colonials.

The British officials' concerns stemmed from several factors:

Colonial Disinterest: Many colonials in British North America had limited interest or investment in the larger European conflict. They were primarily focused on their local concerns and saw little reason to involve themselves in a distant war between European powers.

Some colonials were also skeptical of British intentions and did not view the war as directly relevant to their lives.

Recruitment Challenges: British officials faced difficulties in recruiting colonial soldiers for the war effort. The colonies had their own militias and local defense systems, which they relied upon for their security.

Additionally, many colonials were reluctant to join the British army due to the perceived lack of benefits or compensation, as well as concerns about being drawn into a costly and protracted conflict.

Economic Burden: The war imposed financial burdens on the colonies, as they were expected to contribute to the war effort through taxation and requisitions.

These additional financial demands were met with resistance from some colonials, who felt they were already burdened by existing taxes and trade restrictions imposed by the British government.

Geographical Distance: The vast distance between Britain and its American colonies also hindered effective communication and coordination during the war. This made it challenging for British officials to rally widespread colonial support and maintain a unified war effort.

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Answer:

March 8th, 1983

Explanation:

Ronald Reagan delivered his Evil Empire speech on March 8th, 1983

The combination of Calvinism soil, and climate in New England resulted in the people there possessing the quality of self-reliance. This is because Calvinism emphasized individual responsibility and hard work, while the rocky soil and harsh climate of New England required people to be resourceful and independent in order to survive.

While energy, stubbornness, and resourcefulness may also be traits associated with New Englanders, the main quality that emerged from this unique combination of factors was self-reliance. Therefore, the answer is C self-reliance.
The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in New England resulted in the people there possessing which of the following qualities:

This includes energy, stubbornness, self-reliance, and resourcefulness. The combination of their religious beliefs, challenging agricultural conditions, and harsh climate led to the development of these traits in New Englanders.The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in New England resulted in the people there possessing the quality of self-reliance.

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The Knights of Labor differed from other nineteenth-century labor organizations in several ways such as in the matter of workers, social and economic reforms, education and culture etc.

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The Congress of Vienna was a series of meetings held in 1814-1815 in Vienna, Austria with the aim of restoring order and stability in Europe after the chaos and destruction caused by the Napoleonic Wars. The main goals of the Congress were to create a balance of power in Europe, to prevent future wars, and to restore the monarchies that were overthrown during the Napoleonic era.

However, one goal that was not part of the Congress of Vienna was the establishment of democratic governments. The Congress was dominated by the conservative monarchies of Europe, who were more interested in maintaining their own power and privilege than in promoting democracy or human rights.

Overall, the Congress of Vienna was successful in achieving its primary goals of creating a stable Europe and preventing future wars, but it failed to address the growing demands for democracy and political reform that would eventually lead to the revolutions of 1848.

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The statement "John set a military tax known as a "scutage" by which a knight could buy his way out of military service to the crown for an exorbitant rate" is true because Scutage was a tax paid by knights in lieu of military service during the Middle Ages, and it was a common practice in many European countries, including England.

Scutage was introduced as a way for knights to fulfill their feudal obligations to the king without having to actually serve in the military. The rate of scutage varied, but it was often quite high, sometimes as much as two or three times the value of a knight's annual income. This made scutage a lucrative source of revenue for medieval monarchs.

King John of England is particularly well-known for his use of scutage. He imposed numerous scutages throughout his reign, often at exorbitant rates, which led to widespread resentment among the knightly class. Some historians believe that John's heavy-handed use of scutage contributed to the rebellion of the barons that led to the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.

Despite its unpopularity, scutage remained in use throughout the Middle Ages, although its importance declined as the feudal system evolved. By the 14th century, scutage had largely been replaced by other forms of taxation, such as hearth taxes and poll taxes. However, the legacy of scutage lives on in the modern English word "escutcheon," which derives from the Latin word "scutum," meaning "shield" or "protection."

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African American contributions to American culture have been significant in various aspects, including music, instruments, language, and more. However, among the options provided, the piano (c) is not an African American contribution to American culture.

Jazz music (a) is a prominent genre that emerged from African American communities in the early 20th century. It has played a crucial role in shaping the cultural landscape of the United States. The banjo (b), an iconic musical instrument, has its roots in African instruments like the akonting and ngoni, which were adapted and popularized by African Americans.

In contrast, the piano (c) is not an African American contribution. Its origins can be traced back to the European continent, where it was invented by Italian instrument maker Bartolomeo Cristofori in the early 18th century. The piano has since become a popular instrument worldwide, including in the United States, but its roots are not connected to African American culture.

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Social media has become an increasingly important tool in communicating with the mass media. With the rise of social media platforms individuals and organizations can easily share news and information with a wide audience.

Social media also allows for real-time engagement and feedback, making it a valuable tool for public relations and media relations professionals. Additionally, social media can help build relationships with journalists and reporters, providing opportunities for media coverage and increased visibility. Overall, social media has become a critical component of any comprehensive media communication strategy.
Social media has become an increasingly important tool in communicating with the mass media. It enables instant sharing of information, enhances interaction with audiences, and allows for real-time feedback.

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King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table is one example of a well-known myth that has been replayed in motion pictures and on television. The story of King Arthur has been told numerous times throughout history, from medieval romances to contemporary films and television shows.

A legendary king who is said to have lived in the fifth or sixth century AD is the basis for the King Arthur legend, which is thought to have its origins in early medieval Britain. King Arthur, who was nurtured by the wizard Merlin after his father died, was said to be the son of King Uther Pendragon. He finally rose to power as King of Camelot and established the Knights of the Round Table, an elite band of knights sworn to defend the land and promote the principles of chivalry.

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The given statement "The nineteenth century indeed saw a rapid rise in mass literacy, and by 1900, a clear majority of Western European populations could read." is true because literacy rates had significantly improved.

1. Educational Reforms: Governments across Western Europe introduced compulsory education laws, making it mandatory for children to attend school. These reforms aimed to provide basic education to all, regardless of social class.

2. Industrialization: The shift towards an industrial society led to a growing need for a literate workforce. As industries and businesses expanded, they required employees who could read, write, and perform basic calculations.

3. Urbanization: The increasing movement of people from rural areas to cities created a more concentrated population that was easier to reach with educational services. Urban dwellers had greater access to schools, libraries, and other resources that promoted literacy.

4. Social Change: A general rise in social awareness and the desire for self-improvement led many people to seek education. The spread of political ideas and the growth of the middle class also contributed to an increased demand for education and literacy.

5. Technological Advances: The invention and spread of the printing press allowed for the production of affordable books and newspapers, making written material more accessible to a broader audience.

As a result of these factors, by the end of the nineteenth century, literacy rates had significantly improved in Western Europe, and a clear majority of the population could read. This period of mass literacy played a crucial role in shaping the social, economic, and cultural landscape of the region.

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Sir Edmund Andros's rule led to a combination of these consequences, contributing to widespread dissatisfaction and ultimately contributing to the downfall of the Dominion of New England.

So, the correct answer is E.

Sir Edmund Andros's rule in the Dominion of New England had several effects, including:

a) Curbing the power of town meetings: Andros limited the autonomy of these gatherings, asserting central authority over local matters.

b) Enforcing the Navigation Laws: Officials under Andros's rule attempted to control trade and promote British mercantilism by enforcing these laws, which restricted commerce with non-English entities.

c) Levying taxes without consent: Andros imposed taxes without seeking approval from elected representatives, leading to discontent among the colonists.

d) Suppressing smuggling: In line with enforcing the Navigation Laws, Andros's administration worked to prevent illegal trade, which many colonists relied on to avoid the restrictions.

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B) Loyalists, Tories, Whigs.

Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled Loyalists or Tories, while those who sought independence were known as Whigs or Patriots.

These terms were widely used during the American Revolution and reflected the political divisions of the time. Loyalists supported the British government and believed that the colonies should remain part of the British Empire, while Patriots wanted to break away and form an independent nation.

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Common law is primarily based on rulings by judges in previous cases. It is a legal system that evolved in England and is characterized by the principle of stare decisis, which means "to stand by things decided." Under common law, judges are bound by precedents set in earlier cases, and they rely on these precedents to make decisions in current cases.

Common law developed over centuries as judges interpreted and applied existing laws to specific cases, establishing legal principles and guidelines through their judgments. These decisions became precedents that subsequent judges considered when faced with similar cases. This reliance on precedent creates consistency and predictability within the legal system. While common law draws from historical customs and practices, it is not solely based on the practices of the poor people or what the king accepted as the common standard. It is also distinct from laws enacted by the parliament each year, which fall under statutory law. Common law is primarily shaped by judicial decisions and the ongoing interpretation and application of legal principles in the court system. In summary, common law is a legal system rooted in the rulings and interpretations of judges in previous cases, which are considered binding precedents for future cases.

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The term "sublime" was considered to inspire feelings of awe, reverence, and overwhelming greatness.

The term "sublime" refers to a quality or experience that is awe-inspiring, transcendent, and overwhelming in its grandeur. It can be used to describe natural landscapes, powerful artworks, or moments of deep emotional intensity.

In the 18th century, the concept of the sublime became popular among philosophers and writers, who saw it as a way to explore the limits of human perception and emotion. They believed that experiencing the sublime could elevate the human spirit and inspire feelings of wonder, reverence, and even terror.

Today, the term "sublime" is still used to describe experiences that are beyond ordinary comprehension, and it continues to evoke a sense of awe and admiration in those who encounter it.

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Before the arrival of Christianity and Islam, many African societies practiced animism, a belief system in which spirits and supernatural forces are believed to inhabit objects and natural phenomena.

Numerous gods or deities were worshipped in polytheistic religions practised by other African societies. In these religions, gods were frequently linked to significant societal themes like fertility, war, or harvests or natural occurrences.

Offerings and sacrifices were frequently made to the gods as part of religious rituals in attempt to win their favour or secure their protection.

Christian beliefs, in contrast, are predicated on monotheism, the conviction that there is only one God, who both created the cosmos and actively participates in it.

Christianity places a strong emphasis on having a personal contact with God. It holds that via prayer and worship, people can speak with God personally.

Christian morality and ethics are also highly valued, and it is believed that treating people with love and compassion is crucial.

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The most significant contribution of seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was C) capturing hundreds of British merchant ships.

Seagoing privateers were privately owned ships commissioned by the American government to attack British ships during the Revolutionary War.

They played a vital role in disrupting British commerce and supply lines, capturing hundreds of British merchant ships, which weakened British economic power and disrupted their ability to wage war effectively.

Although privateers did not gain control of the sea or successfully invade the British West Indies, their success in capturing British merchant ships helped to cripple the British economy and force the British government to divert resources to protect their trade routes, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the British navy.

Privateers also helped alleviate some of the supply shortages experienced by the American army by capturing and providing them with British goods. So c is correct option.

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