material requirements planning is used to manage independent demand inventory. question 49 options: true false

To identify the cause of a change in a product total unit cost, management may take several steps.

First, they will need to review all the inputs that go into the production process, such as raw materials, labor costs, overhead expenses, and any other relevant factors. They will also need to look at any recent changes in market conditions or customer demand that could be affecting costs. Once they have identified the potential causes of the change, they can begin to analyze the data and conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine the best course of action. This may involve adjusting production processes, negotiating with suppliers, or even reevaluating the pricing strategy for the product in question. Ultimately, the goal is to identify and address the root cause of the cost change to ensure that the product remains profitable and competitive in the marketplace.

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According to the Kaldor-Hicks principle, a project or policy should be implemented if the winners could compensate the losers and still be better off.

The Kaldor-Hicks principle is an economic theory that states that a project or policy should be implemented if the overall benefits to society outweigh the costs, and if those who benefit from the project or policy could compensate those who are negatively affected and still be better off. In other words, the gains to the winners must be larger than the losses to the losers, and the winners should be willing to compensate the losers in order to make the change happen. This principle is often used in cost-benefit analysis and is intended to ensure that projects and policies are implemented in a way that maximizes overall societal welfare.

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The overhead cost variation is the difference between the standard overhead applied to the actual units budget produced and the standard overhead allocated to the budget. The correct answer is a. the difference between the overhead applied to inventory at standard.

This variation shows the discrepancy between the production's actual overhead costs and what was anticipated or budgeted for them. In other words, it assesses how effectively the organisation allocates its overhead.

The difference between the actual and budgeted production volumes is measured by the volume variance, on the other hand. The difference between the actual and budgeted quantities of goods or materials utilised in production is measured as the quantity variance. The difference between the actual cost incurred and the anticipated cost that can be directly controlled by management is known as the "controllable variance." In general, the overhead cost variance is a crucial indicator that.

Complete question:

which of the following will determine the total variance for manufacturing overhead?

a. the difference between the overhead applied to inventory at standard

b. the actual overhead costs the difference between fixed overhead and variable overhead

c. the difference between the efficiency variance and the rate variance

d. the difference between the controllable overhead variance and the overhead volume variance

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The fuel pump ads displayed on screens built into the gas pumps at Shell gas stations can be considered a form of "in-store marketing" or "in-store advertising."

In-store marketing refers to promotional activities or advertising efforts conducted within a retail store or location with the aim of influencing customer behavior and driving additional purchases.

involves strategically placing advertisements, promotions, or other marketing messages in areas where customers are likely to encounter them while shopping or during related activities.

In the case of Shell gas stations, displaying video ads on screens built into the gas pumps is a targeted form of in-store marketing. The goal is to capture the attention of customers while they are filling up their cars with fuel and encourage them to visit the store and make additional purchases. These video ads can showcase products, promotions, or other enticing offers available in the store, creating awareness and potentially influencing customers to take advantage of the offerings.

By utilizing this form of in-store marketing, Shell aims to leverage the captive audience at the gas pumps and maximize the potential for upselling and cross-selling opportunities. It provides a convenient and engaging way to reach customers with targeted messages and promotions, ultimately driving increased store visits and sales.

Overall, the fuel pump ads at Shell gas stations serve as an effective in-store marketing strategy to generate additional customer engagement, boost store traffic, and encourage supplementary purchases beyond the fuel transaction.

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The answer to the question is c. 12. Diminishing marginal returns refer to a situation in which the addition of one more unit of input results in a smaller increase in output than the previous unit.

Looking at the table, we can see that as the number of workers increases from 10 to 11, output increases from 400 to 450, which is an increase of 50 units. When we add another worker, from 11 to 12, output increases from 450 to 490, which is an increase of 40 units. Therefore, we can see that there is a decrease in the marginal returns, and this indicates that diminishing marginal returns have set in for the 12th worker.

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The insurance company would pay $2,000 - $500 = $1,500 towards the claim.

in this scenario, since your home insurance policy has a $500 deductible, you would be responsible for paying the deductible amount out of pocket. the insurance company would cover the remaining amount of the claim, which is the difference between the total damage ($2,000) and the deductible ($500)., with a $500 deductible and $2,000 in damages, you would be responsible for paying the deductible amount of $500. After you pay the deductible, the insurance company would cover the remaining amount of the claim, which is $2,000 - $500 = $1,500.

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Absent government interference, the wage rate for labor in a competitive market is established solely by the market supply and market demand for labor.

In a competitive labor market, firms compete to hire workers, and workers compete to find jobs. The market demand for labor is the total amount of labor that all firms in the market are willing to hire at a given wage rate, while the market supply of labor is the total amount of labor that all workers in the market are willing to supply at a given wage rate.

The wage rate is then determined by the intersection of the market supply and market demand curves, where the quantity of labor supplied equals the quantity of labor demanded.

In this way, a competitive market ensures that the wage rate reflects the value of labor to the market as a whole, with neither firms nor workers able to exert undue influence on the market wage rate.

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The fourth element of risk when appraising losses, pain, and suffering is called "damages." This term refers to the financial compensation that a person may receive for their losses, pain, and suffering as a result of a particular event or circumstance.

Damages can be difficult to assess, as they require an appraisal of both economic and non-economic factors, such as lost income, medical expenses, emotional distress, and decreased quality of life. Additionally, the concept of damages is often subject to interpretation and can vary depending on the context of the situation. When assessing damages, it's important to consider the inverse reflection of the situation. This means that the more significant the damages, the greater the risk involved. As damages continue to increase, the potential losses and impacts on an individual's life also continue to increase. Therefore, a thorough appraisal of damages is essential to accurately assess risk and ensure that individuals receive the compensation they deserve.

One approach to assessing damages is reframing the situation. This involves looking at the situation from different perspectives to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential impacts and losses. By taking a holistic view of the situation, appraisers can better evaluate the damages involved and provide more accurate assessments of risk. Ultimately, a thorough appraisal of damages is crucial to ensuring that individuals are properly compensated for their losses, pain, and suffering, and that risk is appropriately managed.

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The  specialisation and division of labour typically lead to an increasing marginal product of labour. This is due to the fact that by focusing on specific tasks, workers become more skilled and efficient at performing them, which increases their productivity.

An explanation for this is that when workers are assigned specific tasks, they are able to develop expertise in those areas, which allows them to complete them more quickly and accurately. Additionally, by dividing tasks among workers, they are able to learn from each other and share knowledge, which can further improve productivity.

Furthermore, specialisation and division of labour can also lead to more effective use of capital equipment and technology, as workers are better able to utilise these resources in their specialised roles. Overall, specialisation and division of labour can have a significant impact on the marginal product of labour, leading to increased efficiency and productivity in the production process. This occurs because specialisation and division of labour allow workers to concentrate on a few tasks so that they become more skilled at doing them quickly and efficiently .

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A fixed, annual rate of pay that doesn't change by working more or fewer hours is called Salary.

The correct option is D) Salary.

A salary is a fixed amount of money that an employee receives for a year of work, regardless of the number of hours worked. The annual salary is usually negotiated between the employer and the employee before the employee begins working. It is a fixed amount that does not change unless the employee receives a raise or promotion. The advantage of a salary is that it provides stability and predictability for employees, as they know exactly how much they will earn each year. Employers benefit from offering a salary because they can better plan their budgets and avoid unexpected expenses related to overtime pay or other types of compensation. In summary, a salary is a fixed, annual rate of pay that is negotiated between the employer and the employee and provides stability and predictability for both parties.

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The business entity that pays tax on its income at the entity level is a corporation. Option 4 is correct.

Corporations are separate legal entities from their owners, also known as shareholders. This means that the corporation is responsible for its own taxes, including federal, state, and local income taxes. Shareholders of a corporation do not pay taxes on the company's income at the individual level, but rather receive dividends from the corporation which are subject to income tax.

Partnerships, sole proprietorships, and corporations sole are not separate legal entities and are not required to pay taxes at the entity level. Instead, the income earned by these types of businesses is reported on the individual tax returns of the owners or partners. Option 4 is correct.

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Correct Question:

which business entity pays tax on their income at the entity level?

multiple choice question.

1. partnerships

2. corporation sole

3. proprietorship

4. corporation.

In an insurance contract, the element that shows each party is giving something of value is called "consideration" (Option C). In a contract, consideration is the exchange of promises or benefits between the parties involved.

The element in an insurance contract that demonstrates that each party is giving something of value is called consideration. Consideration is a crucial aspect of any legally binding contract and refers to the exchange of something valuable between the parties involved.

In the context of an insurance contract, the consideration typically takes the form of premiums paid by the insured in exchange for the insurance company's promise to provide coverage for specific events or risks.

Without consideration, a contract would be invalid and unenforceable. Thus, it is essential to ensure that both parties provide consideration in any contract, including insurance contracts.

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If bad weather destroyed half of the current coffee crop, ceteris paribus, it would result in a decrease in the supply of coffee in the market. Ceteris paribus means that all other things remain constant, implying that there are no other changes in the coffee market's supply and demand.

The decrease in the supply of coffee would cause an increase in the coffee price due to the limited availability of the product. As a result, coffee consumers may look for substitutes, leading to a decrease in the demand for coffee. The reduction in demand may cause a decrease in the price of the product, which would offset the initial increase in price caused by the decrease in supply. It is important to note that the coffee market is subject to other factors that may affect its supply and demand.

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The decision on whether a supply chain needs improvement in supply chain structure, supply chain systems, or both can be made by conducting a thorough analysis of the supply chain.

This analysis should take into account various factors, including the current performance of the supply chain, the goals and objectives of the organization, and the external factors affecting the supply chain.

If the performance of the supply chain is below expectations, it may indicate the need for improvement in both the supply chain structure and systems. For instance, if there are delays in the delivery of goods or there is a high level of inventory, it may be an indication that the supply chain structure needs to be improved. On the other hand, if there are issues with the accuracy of data or communication between stakeholders, then the supply chain systems may need to be improved.

It is essential to evaluate the impact of any changes made to the supply chain structure or systems on the overall performance of the supply chain. Once the evaluation has been conducted, the organization can decide which areas require improvement, either the supply chain structure, supply chain systems, or both, to achieve better performance and meet their objectives.

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Paying life insurance premiums on an annual basis will generally be the most economical option. This is because insurance companies often offer a discount to policyholders who choose to pay their premiums in one lump sum each year.

By contrast, if you choose to pay your premiums on a more frequent basis (such as semi-annually, quarterly, or monthly), you may end up paying more over the course of the year due to administrative fees and interest charges. However, it's important to note that every insurance company is different, so it's always a good idea to compare the costs and benefits of different payment options before making a decision. Ultimately, the most economical option will depend on your personal circumstances, budget, and preferences.

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A reduction in cash dividends may be in the best interests of current shareholders because the firm will have available cash to increase current investment and future profits.

While shareholders generally prefer to receive cash dividends, a reduction in dividends may be beneficial if the firm uses the retained earnings to invest in profitable projects. By investing in new projects, the firm may increase its profitability and ultimately generate higher future cash flows, which can result in increased shareholder value. Furthermore, shareholders may also benefit from a reduction in dividends if the firm uses the retained earnings to pay down debt, which can reduce financial risk and increase the value of the firm.

It's important to note that a reduction in dividends may not always be in the best interests of current shareholders, as it depends on the specific circumstances of the firm and the overall market conditions. However, in general, a reduction in dividends can be a prudent decision if it allows the firm to increase investment and generate higher future profits, ultimately benefiting current shareholders.

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Specialization allows individuals and businesses countries to focus on producing goods and services they can produce efficiently and with a cost advantage.

The main reasons for specializing in a particular area is the concept of comparative advantage. This occurs when a firm can produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another country.

By specializing in the production of goods and services that they have a comparative advantage in, the company countries can increase their efficiency and productivity which leads to increased economic growth and higher standards of living.

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Yes, the above statement is true. The first step in pricing a service is to define the unit of service consumption.

Defining the unit of service consumption is indeed the first step in pricing a service. This involves identifying the specific unit or measure that will be used to determine the price of the service. For example, in a hotel, the unit of service consumption could be a room night, while in a restaurant, it could be a meal or a drink. Once the unit of service consumption is defined, other factors can be considered, such as the cost of providing the service, the competitive landscape, and the value that the service provides to the customer. These factors can then be used to determine the final price that will be charged for the service.

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Liang company produces wheelbarrows a company's sales budget indicates the following sales: 25,000 in January, 30,000 in February, and 35,000 in March production 26.500 units are expected to be produced in January.

Businesses can divide the cost of a fixed asset according to its use by using a popular depreciation approach known as units of production. In manufacturing, the units of production rate is often.

Computed by dividing the equipment's cost by the expected lifespan production. The annual depreciation expense can be calculated by dividing this rate by the asset's output. You cannot compute your assessment allowance using units of creation deterioration. However, it is one of the four techniques of depreciation that are allowed by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Complete question:

liang company produces wheelbarrows. the unit sales for selected months of the year are as follows: month unit sales april 130,500 may 159,500 june 145,000 july 174,000 company policy requires that ending inventories for each month be 20% of next month's sales. however, at the beginning of april, due to greater sales in march than anticipated, the beginning inventory of wheelbarrows is only 12,000. required: prepare a production budget for the second quarter of the year. show the number of units that should be produced each month as well as for the quarter in total?

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False. In many jurisdictions, a faxed acceptance of an offer is considered to be an electronic signature and is enforceable under the same legal principles as a signed written document.

However, if an offeror specifies in the offer that the acceptance must be made by fax, and the offeree sends an acceptance via email, then the acceptance will not be effective. This is because the offeror's requirement that the acceptance be made by fax creates a condition precedent to the formation of the contract, and the offeree has failed to meet that condition by sending an acceptance via email.

Therefore, the contract will not be formed unless and until the acceptance is made by fax. In summary, while an emailed acceptance may be enforceable in some circumstances, if an offer specifies that the acceptance must be made by fax, then an emailed acceptance will not be effective and the contract will not be formed unless and until the acceptance is made by fax.  

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The answer to your question is C. online marketing. Websites, online advertising, email, online video, and blogs are all different forms of online marketing. Online marketing refers to the promotion of products or services using digital channels or platforms. It is an essential part of modern marketing strategies and is becoming increasingly important as people spend more time online.

Online marketing is a cost-effective way to reach a large audience quickly and efficiently. It allows businesses to target specific demographics, track their results, and adjust their campaigns accordingly. The different forms of online marketing, such as social media marketing, email marketing, and online video marketing, each have their unique advantages and can be used to achieve different marketing goals. Overall, online marketing has become an essential tool for businesses of all sizes, and it will continue to grow in importance as technology advances and people's online behavior changes.

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This statement "Regarding the implied standard deviation, by plugging in the actual option premium paid by investors for a specific stock in the option-pricing model, it is possible to derive the anticipated volatility level" is a) true.

Implied standard deviation is a key metric used in options pricing. It represents the expected level of volatility in a stock's price over a specific period of time. By plugging in the actual option premium paid by investors for a specific stock in the option-pricing model, it is possible to derive the anticipated volatility level.

This means that the implied standard deviation can be used as an indicator of market sentiment. If the implied volatility is high, it suggests that investors are expecting a lot of movement in the stock price in the near future. Conversely, if the implied volatility is low, it suggests that investors are not anticipating much movement in the stock price.

In conclusion, the implied standard deviation is a useful tool for investors and traders who are looking to understand market sentiment and make informed decisions about options trading. By plugging in the actual option premium paid by investors for a specific stock in the option-pricing model, it is possible to derive the anticipated volatility level.

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The Free labor system is where workers are free to sell their labor without any form of coercion or restriction.

In a free labor system, workers have the right to choose their own employment opportunities, negotiate their wages and working conditions, and have the freedom to leave their jobs if they so wish. This system is based on the principles of individual liberty and economic opportunity, where workers are free to pursue their own self-interests. The concept of free labor emerged in the United States during the 19th century as a response to the institution of slavery and the rise of industrialization. It was believed that free labor was necessary for the growth of the economy and the development of a free society.In contrast to free labor, other labor systems throughout history, such as slavery and indentured servitude, have involved the exploitation of workers through force or coercion. Free labor, on the other hand, ensures that workers have the right to work under fair and equitable conditions, and that they are not subjected to any form of bondage or involuntary servitude. Overall, the free labor system has played a significant role in shaping the economic and social landscape of the United States, and remains an important principle of modern labor law and human rights.

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The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) requires compensation information on the CEO and the top three highest-paid executives of a publicly traded company.

The SEC requires publicly traded companies to disclose executive compensation information to shareholders through proxy statements. This includes the compensation of the CEO, CFO, and the next three highest-paid executives. The disclosure must include salary, bonus, stock options, and other benefits, and the information must be presented in a clear and understandable format. This requirement is part of the SEC's efforts to promote transparency and accountability in corporate governance, allowing shareholders to make informed decisions about investments and executive pay.

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To find the first five terms of the sequence, we can use the formula for compound interest: A = P[tex](1 + r/n)^{(nt)}[/tex]. Where A is the amount after t years, P is the initial investment, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times.

For this problem, P = $1000, r = 0.06, n = 1 (compounded annually), and t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Plugging these values into the formula, we get: After 1 year: A = $1060, After 2 years: A = $1123.60, After 3 years: A = $1191.02, After 4 years: A = $1262.48, After 5 years: A = $1338.23. Therefore, the first five terms of the sequence are $1060, $1123.60, $1191.02, $1262.48, and $1338.23. The sequence is convergent. This is because as t approaches infinity, the amount A approaches a limit, which is the future value of the investment. In this case, the future value is: A = $1000[tex](1 + 0.06/1)^{(1*infinity)}[/tex] = $1000[tex](1 + 0.06)^{(infinity)}[/tex] = infinity. Since the future value of the investment is infinite, the sequence is convergent.

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The correct option is B, It led close to 200 nations to forge the environmental agreement known as the Kyoto protocol.

A nation can be defined as a community of people who share a common culture, history, language, and identity. Typically, nations are organized within a specific geographic region and are characterized by a sense of belonging and loyalty among their members. The concept of nationhood has evolved over time, with the emergence of nation-states as a dominant political form in the modern era.

Nation-states are sovereign entities that exercise control over a defined territory and govern a population of citizens or subjects. They often have a shared set of laws, institutions, and symbols that reinforce their identity and legitimacy. However, not all nations have achieved statehood, and there are many instances of nations existing within larger multinational states or across multiple states.

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According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, the key to true job satisfaction and motivation to perform lies in two main factors: hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors refer to the basic needs that must be met in the workplace, such as salary, working conditions, job security, and interpersonal relationships. If these factors are not met, employees will experience dissatisfaction, but meeting these factors will not necessarily lead to satisfaction or motivation.

On the other hand, motivators are factors that lead to satisfaction and motivation to perform, such as recognition, achievement, responsibility, and personal growth. Meeting these factors will lead to job satisfaction and motivation, but not meeting them will not necessarily lead to dissatisfaction.

Therefore, to truly motivate employees and create job satisfaction, employers must focus on both hygiene factors and motivators. They must ensure that employees' basic needs are met while also providing opportunities for growth, recognition, and responsibility in the workplace. By doing so, they can create a positive work environment that fosters motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity.

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Nike is a company that extensively utilizes the concept of product expatriates. Product expatriates refer to products that have been developed in a specific country but are marketed and sold in other countries as well.

Nike, as a global brand, has successfully used this strategy to expand its reach and increase its market share in different countries.

Nike's product expatriates include the iconic Air Jordans, which were originally designed and manufactured in the United States but are now sold and popularized in various parts of the world. Similarly, the company's running shoes, apparel, and accessories are also developed in the US, but they are sold in different countries with minor variations in design and style.

Nike's success in using product expatriates lies in its ability to understand the cultural, economic, and social aspects of the different markets it operates in. By customizing its products to suit local preferences, Nike has been able to create a connection with its customers and establish itself as a global brand.

In conclusion, Nike's use of product expatriates has been a significant factor in its global success. The strategy has allowed the company to expand its market reach, establish its brand identity, and cater to local preferences. By leveraging this approach, Nike has been able to create a loyal customer base worldwide and maintain its position as a leading sportswear brand.

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The leakage-adjusted money multiplier is 0.6, since 40% of deposits are leakages, meaning that only 60% of deposits are available for creating new loans and increasing the money supply.

The leakage-adjusted money multiplier is a measure of the actual increase in the money supply that results from a given increase in bank reserves, after accounting for the money leakages caused by required reserves and other factors.

In this case, the leakage caused by required reserves and other factors amounts to 40% of deposits. Therefore, the leakage-adjusted money multiplier can be calculated as:

Leakage-adjusted money multiplier = 1 / (Required reserve ratio + Leakages)

= 1 / (0.4 + 0.4)

= 1 / 0.8

= 1.25

This means that for every $1 increase in bank reserves, the actual increase in the money supply would be $1.25, after accounting for the money leakages caused by required reserves and other factors.

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Amin is deciding when to launch a new product while facing uncertainties. When a decision's outcome or conclusion cannot be accurately predicted using the facts or data at hand, it is said to be uncertain.

This is distinct from risk, when each potential event is given a chance or likelihood but the outcome is still unclear. Uncertainty can come from a variety of causes in the context of new product development and marketing, including.

Uncertainty regarding the product's performance and market acceptance, uncertainty regarding the competitive environment and competitors' behaviour, uncertainty over consumer behaviour and the state of the economy overall when faced with ambiguity, decision-makers frequently must rely on their judgement, expertise,in competition, despite the general state of the economy and customer behaviour.Making decisions in difficult situations frequently requires relying on judgement.

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