Invertebrates , Many species are found in remoter environments smaller species receive less attention than large organism and cataloging these species is a huge task.Most of the world's species remain undiscovered by science.
Biologist classified that 1.7 million plants and animals as 2010 , less than one quarter of total species estimated in the world by the help of new techniques in molecular biology. They figure out that still over five million species are yet not be found.
The new species like amphibians and reptiles are most undiscovered animals having limited ranges that may inaccessible. Creatures which are smaller and inhabit limited area are more likely to have been overlooked.
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Nekton are _______________, and benthos are _______________.
Nekton are aquatic animals, and benthos are benthic zone.
What about nekton and benthos?Animals like octopuses and squid make up molluscan nekton. Similar to shrimp, arthropod nekton are creatures.Plankton are plants or animals that float in the stream, whereas nekton are animals that can swim against water currents. Benthic organisms spend their time on, under, or close to the ocean floor's surface.Benthos, the group of creatures that live on the ocean floor. The so-called infauna dwell within the sediments of the seafloor, while benthic epifauna inhabit the seafloor or items at the bottom.Benthic creatures are those that dwell on the ocean floor. Invertebrates, which comprise the majority of these species, do not have backbones. Sea anemones, sponges, corals, sea stars, sea urchins, worms, bivalves, crabs, and many others are examples of common benthic invertebrates.
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A paramecium absorbs materials frpm its environemtn and circulatst these materials throughut its cytoplasm. which life function is described by these activites?
A paramecium absorbs materials from its environment and circulates these materials throughout its cytoplasm. The life function that is described by these activities is that Food from cytoplasm is absorbed and used for energy and materials that are needed for growth.
All living organisms have assured characteristics that differentiate them from non-living forms. The basic processes of life include organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movements, and reproduction. In paramecium Cilia have important functions such as locomotion through the surrounding water and ingestion of food into the cytostome. The cilia responsible for the ingestion of food are mainly localized in the gullet, which is a funnel shaped depression of the cell surface.
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The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and the peripheral effectors is called the:__________
A scientist samples a population of butterflies and finds that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. If the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, what should be the frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population?.
The frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population is 0.50
From the Hardy Weinberg Law of Population and Genetics,
We have
x²+2xy+y²=1 and
x+y=1
Given 2xy = 0.56
from here, y = 0.28/x, (the frequency of the recessive allele ) can be obtained
we need to find 'x'
recall, x+y = 1, x = 1-y
substituting this
y = 0.28/(1-y), which becomes,
y(1-y) = 0.28
y2-y+0.28 (quadratic equation)
Solving this to find 'y' gives two imaginary values of y
So, frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population is 0.50
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What is the attitude of bondholders toward risky projects if the firm is in financial distress?
The bondholders restrict high risks project if the firm is in financial distress.
Companies under financial distress find difficult to secure the exchange of finances. Bondholders restrict their orders. The customers cut back on orders and suppliers tend to change their terms and conditions of delivery which in a way declines the market value of firm upto a large extent.
Possible consequences of financial distress can be:
Loss of jobsLoss of belongingsHealth insuranceStruggle to complete basic needsRetirement accountsFactors influencing Financial Distress:
Cash flowDepreciation of assetsInterest ratioPayout ratio
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Acetyl coa is a feed forward activator of the enzyme ________ ensuring sufficient oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle to continue.
Acetyl CoA is a feed forward activator of the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase ensuring sufficient oxaloacetate for the citric acid cycle to continue.
Why does acetyl-CoA stimulate pyruvate carboxylase?Acetyl-CoA selectively activates pyruvate carboxylase. When acetyl-CoA concentrations are high, organisms use pyruvate carboxylase to divert pyruvate from the TCA cycle because acetyl-CoA is a crucial metabolite in the TCA cycle that generates a lot of energy. The production of more oxaloacetate is triggered by an excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA.
Acetyl coenzyme A, often known as acetyl-CoA, is a crucial component in metabolism and is involved in numerous metabolic processes. Its major job is to transport the acetyl group's carbon atoms to the Krebs cycle, where they can be oxidized to produce energy. When there is an abundance of acetyl CoA available, the mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
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Austin and Marissa hypothesize that coneflower stomata use feedback loops to respond to moisture levels by opening when there is moisture present, and closing when there is no moisture present. Which BEST describes the setup they should use to support their hypothesis?
A
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of closed stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the total number of stomata.
B
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of stomata that have grown.
C
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of open stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of open stomata again.
D
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of stomata that have disappeared.
Austin and Marissa should observe the number of open stomata on one leaf, mist the leaf with water, wait one hour, and count the number of open stomata again.
In the epidermis of tree leaves and needles, there are cell structures called stomata that play a role in the exchange of water and carbon dioxide between plants and the atmosphere.
Stomata, the tiny pores on the outside of leaves and stalks, control how gases enter and exit leaves and therefore, how plants as a whole function. On all periods, ranging from minutes to millennia, they adjust to regional and global changes.
Guard cells are a pair of specialized epidermal cells that make up stomata. By adjusting the size of the stomatal pore, stomata govern water loss and the exchange of gases between the plant and its surroundings.
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The image shows a process called vegetative reproduction, in which a new plant grows from a part of another plant. Which statement is true about the offspring formed by this process?
The statement that is true regarding the offspring that is formed via vegetative reproduction is that the offsprings have are genetically identical to their parents.
What is vegetative reproduction?Vegetative reproduction is also called ase*ual reproduction and it is the form of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes.
Vegetative reproduction as the name implies does not make use of seeds for propagating plants, rather, it makes use of any vegetative part of the plant such as;
LeafStem cuttingsRootRhizomeIn vegetative reproduction, the new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules
However, the offsprings produced vegetatively are genetically similar or identical to their parent cell.
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A human starts as ______ cell(s) and by the time they are an adult, they have ______ cell(s).
Why do you think the value of pk1 increases for alanine when it's part of an oligopeptide compared to free alanine?
The value of pk1 increases for Alanine when it's part of an oligopeptide compared to free Alanine due to decreased electrostatic interaction between the amino group and carboxylic group which lowers the strength of acidic group i.e. carboxylic group.
The amino acids are amphoteric in nature and have two or three pK values, depending on their side chains. pKa1 is the α-carboxyl group, pKa2 is the α-ammonium ion, pKa3 is the side chain group (if applicable).
Electrostatic interaction between the carboxylate anion and the protonated amino group of the Alanine zwitterion favorably affects the ionization of the carboxyl group. This favorable interaction decreases as the length of the poly-Ala increases, resulting in an increase in pK1.
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what can be stated for a particular element if only the group number of 14 is known
A. The element has 14 neutrons
B.the element has 4 valence electrons
C. The element has 4 electrons
D. The element has 14 protons
For a particular element if only the group number of 14 is known then the element has 4 valence electrons.
What is valence electron?Valence electron is defined as the number of electrons which an atom must lose or gain to attain the nearest noble gas or stable electronic configuration. “Electrons in the outermost shells that are not filled are called valence electrons”.
The valence electrons are termed as the part of the chemical reactions as they contain more energy as compared to the electrons present in inner orbits. Meanwhile, the number of valence electrons which present also helps us to determine a specific element’s chemical properties, such as its valence or valency, the formation of bonds with other elements.
Determination of valence electronOne of the most simple way to find valence electrons is
valance electron = group number (13-17) -10
For group number 14
valence electron = 14-10
= 4
Thus we find that the number of valance electron is 4.
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The arrangement of homeotic genes along chromosomes of vertebrate and invertebrate animals corresponds to the expression pattern of the genes along the __________ axis of the developing embryo
The arrangement of homeotic genes along chromosomes of vertebrate and invertebrate animals corresponds to the expression pattern of the genes along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo.
What are homeotic genes?Homeotic genes are a group of body pattern forming genes which control the development along the anterior- posterior axis of the developing embryo.These encode transcription factors which control and specify the genes involved in body patterning. These provide identity to the segments during embryo formation.Genes located in the 5’ end act on posterior side whereas the genes on 3’ end act on anterior region.Homeotic genes are evolutionary conserved and control body specification, patterning and differentiation.The loss of function of any of the gene changes the body pattern and affects the development.Learn more about homeotic genes here:
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Differentiation is a fundamental process in the development of multicellular organisms. Looking at the lecture notes online for this class, what is the specific model system that we will use as an example of differentiation?.
The specific model system that will be used as an example of differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
What is Dictyostelium discoideum?Development of the Dictyostelium starts with the gathering of free-living amoebae, which quickly organize into a very straightforward creature with a few different cell types.In concerted cell type differentiation and morphogenesis, a fruiting body is ultimately produced that permits spore dissemination. Our understanding of fundamental developmental mechanisms is changing as a result of research into these processes.Due to the accessibility of biochemical and molecular genetics techniques, it has been possible to identify intricate signaling networks that are crucial for Dictyostelium growth and are also conserved in other organisms.cAMP levels in both intracellular and extracellular are crucial for controlling a variety of signal transduction pathways at every stage of Dictyostelium development.
Hence, Dictyostelium discoideum is used as an example.
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which book is good for class 9 for preparation of neet ?
Answer:
all books is need because we need it
Which pair is incorrectly matching polymer-monomer? nucleic acids - nucleotides proteins - amino acids lipids - monosaccharides carbohydrates – sugar
The pair that incorrectly matches polymer-monomer is lipids-monosaccharides (option C).
What is a monomer?A monomer is a small molecule which can be covalently bonded to other monomers to form a polymer.
A polymer, on the other hand, is a large molecule made up of a chain of many monomeric units, formed by chemically bonding together.
The following are the monomer-polymer combination we have in nature;
Carbohydrates - simple sugar/monosaccharideProtein - amino acidLipids - fatty acidNucleic acid - nucleotideTherefore, the pair that incorrectly matches polymer-monomer is lipids-monosaccharides.
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What are the three general rules for genes that follow a mendelian pattern of inheritance?
X-linked, autosomal dominant, and recessive are the three general rules for genes that follow a mendelian pattern of inheritance
When two alleles of a single gene, one of which may be entirely dominant over the other, are present, simple (or Mendelian) inheritance refers to the transmission of features that are governed by that gene. Whether simple features are governed by genes on autosomes or by genes on sex chromosomes determines the pattern of inheritance.The laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment are among Mendel's laws of inheritance. According to the law of segregation, each person has two alleles, but only one of them is passed on to the next generation.Three basic principles define mendelian inheritance: Genes are passed down from generation to generation unchanged, with the exception of exceptional cases; each gene follows Mendel's law.Learn more about the mendelian pattern of inheritance here https://brainly.com/question/12147497
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Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and ________ by modifying existing ones
Bacteria that degrade oil at great depths in offshore waters have most likely evolved new pathways and enzyme by modifying existing ones.
What is enzyme?Proteins called enzymes serve as biological catalysts. Chemical reactions are accelerated by catalysts. Substrates are the molecules that enzymes can interact with, and the enzyme changes the substrates into other molecules known as products.Proteins called enzymes assist our bodies' chemical reactions move forward more quickly. Health issues might result from having too much or too little of a specific enzyme. Healthcare professionals can also use the enzymes in our blood to look for injuries and illnesses.A component known as an enzyme serves as a catalyst in living things, controlling the rate at which chemical processes take place without undergoing any personal change. All biological activities in living things involve chemical reactions, and enzymes regulate the majority of them.Learn more about enzyme here:
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A. what is hard water? why is the presence of hard water often considered a negative thing? (3 points)
Hard water contains mineral ions basically the calcium and magnesium ions.
The presence of hard water often considered a negative thing as it is associated with a number of issues related to plumbing, water storage as well as cleaning and maintenance.
Hard water leads to clogged pipes due to the deposition of ions on the surface of water conducting pipes. This hindrance also degrades the quality of equipment used for water storage and heating e.g. geysers.
The hardness of water can either be temporary or permanent depending on the type of ions present in it. Temporary hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions whereas Permanent hard water contains anions like the sulfate ion.
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Testosterone is an example of:_________.
a) an androgen.
b) an estrogen.
c) a progestin.
d) melatonin
Testosterone is an example of an androgen.
Testosterone belongs to a class of male hormones called androgens, which are sometimes called steroids or anabolic steroids. IN men, testosterone is mainly produced in the testes. In women's bodies, testosterone is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, fat cells, and skin cells.
Testosterone products come in different forms, including gels, injectable solutions, patches, pills and pellets implanted under the skin. Once a patient starts testosterone therapy, the patient usually undergoes lifelong treatment. Testosterone is an anabolic steroid that occurs naturally in the human body. “Anabolic” means to build up or promote growth.
Hence, A is the correct option
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HELP HELP PLEASEEE!!!! ASAPPP Sherwin has been experiencing panic attacks when he leaves his home. Which biomedical treatment may be used to treat his condition?
Anti-psychotic medications
Anti-anxiety medications
Mood stabilizers
Anti-depressant medications
The correct answer is Anti-psychotic medications.
Anti-psychotic medicationsDrugs known as antipsychotics can lessen or eliminate psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations (seeing or hearing something that is not there). The primary class of pharmaceuticals used to treat schizophrenia is known as antipsychotic medications, which were once classified as major tranquilizers and neuroleptics. The psychosis that can be brought on by bipolar disorder, depression, or Alzheimer's disease is also treated with them. Antipsychotics are also used to treat Tourette syndrome, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders by stabilizing moods, lowering anxiety, and reducing anxiety.
Antipsychotic medications can assist a person with acute psychosis calm down and make sense of their bewilderment within hours or days, but it may take them up to four or six weeks for them to fully take effect.
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In pcr, an instrument is used to increase and decrease the temperature at set intervals in order to:________.
In order to generate several copies of the desired DNA sequence, the PCR procedure includes repeatedly heating and cooling the reaction through a series of temperature variations.
A partial match between the primer and the template will be stable enough at lower temperatures, allowing for more widespread amplification. Your specificity will increase as the temperature rises because longer suitable sequences are needed for the primer to bind to.In order to generate several copies of the desired DNA sequence, the PCR procedure includes repeatedly heating and cooling the reaction through a series of temperature variations.One significant benefit of PCR is the ability to amplify target sequences from a single copy of the starting material, even when the template is tainted with inhibitors and degraded.learn more about PCR here: https://brainly.com/question/7177771
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8. What is one of the functions of the integumentary system, which includes skin and hair?
A. Provide important minerals to the body
B. Prevent passive transport
C. Regulate body temperature
D. Fight infection
Regulate body temperature is one of the functions of the integumentary system.
What is the functions of the integumentary system?The main function of the integumentary system is that it serve as a barrier between the internal body and outside environment such as bacteria, pollution, and Ultra Violet rays from the sun. It also helps maintain body fluids, remove waste products, and regulate our body temperature which leads to homeostasis or equilibrium state in our body.
So we can conclude that regulate body temperature is one of the functions of the integumentary system.
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The atp required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from?
The ATP required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is anaerobic respiration?The process of breakdown of substrate glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. This process primarily takes in some unicellular organisms.
In humans, during endurance activities, a continuous supply of ATP is required. The ATP reserves in muscles are very small. Thus, there is a requirement for metabolic pathways to maintain continuous ATP supply and resynthesis.
These pathways are phosphocreatine breakdown and muscle glycogen breakdown which enable anaerobic substrate level phosphorylation and aerobic phosphorylation.
Therefore, the ATP required for continuous muscle contraction during endurance activities comes from anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Among ethnic groups in the united states, _____ have high death rates for stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and female breast cancer.
Among ethnic groups in the united states, African Americans have high death rates for stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and female breast cancer.
Reasons include:
Shortage of black male doctors having a public health impact.Heart disease develops earlier and deaths from heart disease are higher in blacks, due in part to risk factors such as high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes.African American women being more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of disease, when treatment is less likely to be successful, be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer, a biologically aggressive form of breast cancer.To learn more about Ethnic group cancers ,here
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Sudoriferous glands are under the control of the _____ nervous system and are located in the dermis
Sudoriferous Glands are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system and are located in the dermis.
Sudoriferous Glands are also called as sweat glands which are of two types Eccrine or Apocrine. These two reside within the dermis and consists of secretory cells and central lumen into which material is secreted.
The Sympathetic Nervous system is one of the three division of the Automatic Nervous System arises near the middle of the spinal cord in the intermediate nucleus .
Sudoriferous Gland are small tubular structures that is helpful in producing sweat. These are exocrine gland and produces sweat on epithelial surface through duct.
Eccrine are present everywhere except ear canal, prepuce, labia minora and smaller than apocrine and excrete directly onto the surface of the skin and its proportion decreases with the age.
Apocrine are found in the armpit, areola in the ear and the eyelids. the secretory portion is larger than the eccrine glands and secrete swear into the pilary canal of the hair follicle.
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The __________ of pregnancy is called the anabolic phase because the mother is building up her stores of fat, nutrients, and glycogen.
The first half of pregnancy is called the anabolic phase because the mother is building up her stores of fat, nutrients, and glycogen.
What is anabolic phase?
Within 45 minutes after exercise, a crucial phase known as the anabolic phase begins. Muscle cells are very sensitive to insulin during this time, therefore it's important to consume the right nutrition if you want to increase your muscle endurance and strength.What is anabolic and catabolic process?
The creation of complex molecules from simpler ones is known as anabolism. These chemical processes call for energy. Complex molecules are broken down into smaller ones during catabolism. These processes produce energy.What is the primary growth stimulator of the fetus?
The main growth inducer for the fetus is insulin-like growth factor-1. A slowed fasting metabolism is a sign that the mother is in the catabolic phase of pregnancy.Learn more about anabolic phase
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Judging and evaluating advertisements requires critical thinking because _______. a. advertisements can contain confusing, misleading information b. all advertisements contain false information c. advertisers always want to convince consumers to buy unnecessary items d. truth in advertising laws ensure the accuracy of information in advertisements please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Judging and evaluating advertisements requires critical thinking because advertisements can contain confusing, misleading information.
How can advertisements be misleading?Advertising is considered deceptive under consumer law if it contains false, misleading, or deceptive material that is likely to persuade the typical consumer to behave in a way they might not have otherwise. Advertising may also be deemed deceptive if it omits crucial details that the typical consumer would require to make an informed choice. Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers may make false statements to consumers directly or through catalogs, websites, commercials, and other media.
Examples of misleading advertisements:
Misrepresentation of how the product or service is delivered, such as when free delivery is claimed yet there is really a price or payment for delivery.Any part of the advertising is misrepresented, such as when the company is falsely claimed to be a member of a trade association.Even if the information in the advertisement is accurate, it nevertheless gives the viewer a false image of the good or service.Learn more about misleading advertisements here:
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A
Judging and evaluating advertisements requires critical thinking because advertisements can contain confusing, misleading information, i just took the test
How can reverse transcriptase inhibitors slow the replication of dna? give an example that lay persons without this knowledge could understand, and why they need to know it.
Preventing reverse transcriptase activity is a tactic in the fight against contagious infections like HIV. Drugs can be created that specifically target and inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, essentially freeing your DNA polymerase to carry out its function.
What are reverse transcriptase?AZT and DDI are two of the more well-known medications among them. AZT stands for azidothymidine in the acronym. This medication traps the invasive reverse transcriptases and causes them to stop copying RNA into DNA. When that occurs, the HIV virus is unable to multiply, and your immune system can more readily get rid of these infections from your body. Because it is so specialized in combating reverse transcriptase, AZT has been referred to as a magic bullet.
The fact that your body periodically uses reverse transcriptase-like processes for normal functioning makes it far from perfect, and the fact that HIV can swiftly adapt so that it is no longer deceived by AZT make it less than ideal. Because of this, a combination of many reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as AZT and DDI, is frequently required for an effective HIV treatment.
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Where do most of the nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the autonomic motor pathways arise from?
Most of the nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the autonomic motor pathways arise from the inter-mediolateral horns of the gray matter of spinal cord.
What is sympathetic nervous system ?The autonomic system is up two types such as the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
Both subsystem work antagonistically but in an integrated manner.
Sympathetic system is highly essential for preparing our body during emergencies for 3 F responses such as fight, fright and flight.
During this response, sympathetic system activates complex pathways for faster breathing, increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Hence, the inter-mediolateral horns of the gray matter of spinal cord is correct answer.
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When two genes are very close to each other on the same chromosome, they tend to:______.
When two genes are very close to each other on the same chromosome, they tend to:
transmitted as a unit
What is chromosome?The thread-like components known as chromosomes are found in the nucleus of both animal and plant cells. Protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA). DNA is passed down from parents to children and contains the precise instructions that give each kind of living thing its individuality.
The Greek words for color (chroma) and body are where the word "chromosome" originates (soma). Because chromosomes are cell structures or entities that are intensely stained by several vivid research dyes, scientists gave them this moniker.
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