The correct statement concerning the production processes being dispersed to take advantage of national differences in labor costs is True.
Production is an action that is undertaken by a company or organization that involves the creation of goods and services from the initial stages to the final stages of production. Manufacturing, production, and similar terms all refer to the concept of production.
This process involves taking resources like labor, machines, raw materials, energy, and time and utilizing them in a productive manner. Each company has its unique production processes and systems for managing their activities, which have an impact on their productivity.
The production processes being dispersed to take advantage of national differences in labor costs is a true statement. This is to say that when a company is faced with high labor costs in one country, it may decide to disperse its production processes to another country with lower labor costs.
This helps the company reduce the costs of production and hence maximize their profits. This decision can also be influenced by other factors like the availability of skilled labor, raw materials, and favorable policies.
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( What is involved in studying organizational behaviour?
Oa. psychosocial actions, individual behaviour, and job design O b. individual behaviour, organizational structure, and psychosocial actions 4 O c. interpersonal behaviour, group dynamics in organizations, and work design O d. individual behaviour, group processes, and organizational structure Hide Feedback Incorrect
Studying organizational behavior involved Option c. "interpersonal behavior, group dynamics in organizations, and work design".
Let's explore each component in more detail:
1. Interpersonal Behavior: This aspect focuses on understanding how individuals interact with each other within the organizational setting. It involves studying communication patterns, conflict resolution, negotiation, leadership styles, and decision-making processes.
2. Group Dynamics in Organizations: This component examines how individuals form groups and how these groups function within organizations. It includes studying topics such as team dynamics, group formation, cohesion, norms, roles, and the impact of groups on individual behavior and organizational outcomes.
3. Work Design: Work design refers to how tasks and jobs are structured within an organization. It involves examining factors such as job specialization, autonomy, feedback, task variety, and the impact of work design on employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance.
By understanding these components, researchers and practitioners in organizational behavior seek to enhance organizational effectiveness, employee well-being, and overall performance. They apply theories and research findings to develop strategies for improving leadership, teamwork, communication, employee engagement, and organizational culture.
In conclusion, studying organizational behavior involves exploring interpersonal behavior, group dynamics in organizations, and work design to gain insights into human behavior within the organizational context. These components help researchers and practitioners understand how individuals and groups function in organizations and how organizational structures and processes shape individual and group behavior. Therefore, the correct option is C.
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What is organizational context and what stage is it observed by
a prudent project manager?
Organizational context refers to the business context of the project, including the organizational culture, policies, procedures, and norms that influence how projects are carried out. It is observed by a prudent project manager during the project initiation stage.
The project initiation stage involves planning, definition of objectives, identification of stakeholders, and evaluation of the feasibility of the project. The project manager identifies the organizational context and any factors that may affect the project's success or failure. At this stage, the project manager gathers information about the organization and its context, including the organization's structure, culture, and management style, to determine how best to manage the project.150 may represent different things in different contexts. If you can provide more context to your question, I can provide a more specific answer.
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Lazaro Company, a manufacturer of iron, entered into the following transactions in 2021. Please provide the necessary journal entries for each of the following transactions: 1) January 1 Lazaro purchased $100,000 in raw materials from a supplier. 2) January 7 Lazaro requisitioned $18,000 of direct material and $30,000 of indirect material from the storeroom for use on Job A. 3) January 17 Lazaro recorded $8,000 of direct labor and $10,000 of indirect labor on Job A. 4) January 22 Lazaro applied overhead to Job A. Actual overhead on the job was $40,000. Estimated overhead was $44,000. 5) January 31 Lazaro closed the manufacturing overhead account using the direct method.
Journal entries are recorded in the accounting system as the business transactions take place.
Journal entries consist of at least one debit entry and one credit entry and are usually recorded in the general ledger. The journal entries for the transactions that Lazaro Company, a manufacturer of iron, entered into in 2021 are as follows:1. January 1: Lazaro purchased $100,000 in raw materials from a supplier.Journal Entry:Raw Material Inventory [Debit] $100,000Accounts Payable [Credit] $100,0002. January 7: Lazaro requisitioned $18,000 of direct material and $30,000 of indirect material from the storeroom for use on Job A.
Journal Entry:Work in Progress [Debit] $48,000Direct Material [Debit] $18,000Indirect Material [Debit] $30,000Raw Material Inventory [Credit] $48,0003. January 17: Lazaro recorded $8,000 of direct labor and $10,000 of indirect labor on Job A.Journal Entry:Work in Progress [Debit] $18,000Direct Labor [Debit] $8,000Indirect Labor [Debit] $10,000Salaries and Wages Payable [Credit] $18,0004. January 22: Lazaro applied overhead to Job A.
Actual overhead on the job was $40,000. Estimated overhead was $44,000.Journal Entry:Work in Progress [Debit] $40,000Manufacturing Overhead [Credit] $40,0005. January 31: Lazaro closed the manufacturing overhead account using the direct method.Journal Entry:Manufacturing Overhead [Debit] $40,000Work in Progress [Credit] $40,000Note: The information provided in the given question has been analyzed, and based on that, the journal entries have been calculated.
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What is the difference between a good leader and a good manager? Please discuss the traits that make a good leader and the traits that make a good manager.
The difference between a good leader and a good manager lies in their primary focus and the traits they possess. A good leader is characterized by traits such as vision, inspiration, effective communication, and the ability to motivate and empower others. On the other hand, a good manager is known for traits like organizational skills, planning, problem-solving, and the ability to delegate tasks effectively.
A good leader possesses visionary qualities and is able to set a clear direction for the team or organization. They inspire and motivate others, fostering a sense of purpose and commitment among team members. Effective communication skills are essential for leaders to articulate their vision, provide guidance, and build strong relationships with their team.
In contrast, a good manager excels in organizational skills and is adept at planning and coordinating tasks. They have a strong problem-solving ability and can make informed decisions to overcome challenges. Managers also possess the skill of delegating tasks efficiently, ensuring that work is distributed appropriately and deadlines are met.
While both leadership and management are important in achieving organizational goals, the main difference lies in their focus. Leadership focuses on guiding and inspiring people, while management focuses on organizing and overseeing tasks and processes.
Successful leaders often possess some managerial traits, and good managers may also demonstrate leadership qualities.
However, the emphasis and priority of their roles differ, with leaders driving the vision and culture of an organization, while managers focus on operational effectiveness.
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1. You are the manager of a monopoly and your cost function is C(Q) =2Q. You need to determine the optimal level of output for your firm, but the demand for your firm’s product will depend on whether or not a new tax law is passed. If passed, the new tax law will reduce income taxes and increase consumers’ disposable income. Politicians have determined that there is a 70% chance that the tax law will be passed and a 30% chance that will not. If the tax law is passed, the demand for your firm’s product will be:
Q = 100 – 2P
If the tax law is not passed, the demand for your firm’s product will be:
Q = 75 – 3P
a. How much output should you produce to maximize expected profits?
b. What is the expected price for your product?
c. What are your anticipated profits?
To determine the optimal level of output, expected price, and anticipated profits, we need to calculate the expected values for each scenario and then maximize expected profits.
a. To maximize expected profits, we need to find the output level that maximizes profits in each scenario weighted by their probabilities.
If the tax law is passed:
Demand: Q = 100 - 2P
Cost function: C(Q) = 2Q
Profit function: π = (P - C(Q)) * Q
Substituting the demand function into the profit function:
π = (P - 2Q) * Q
To find the optimal level of output, we differentiate the profit function with respect to Q and set it equal to zero:
dπ/dQ = -2Q + P = 0
P = 2Q
Substituting this back into the demand function:
Q = 100 - 2P
Q = 100 - 2(2Q)
Q = 100 - 4Q
5Q = 100
Q = 20
If the tax law is not passed:
Demand: Q = 75 - 3P
Using the same process, we find:
Q = 15
b. To calculate the expected price, we need to weigh the prices in each scenario by their probabilities:
Expected price = (0.7 * P_tax_law_passed) + (0.3 * P_tax_law_not_passed)
If the tax law is passed:
Q = 20
P = 2Q
P_tax_law_passed = 2 * 20 = 40
If the tax law is not passed:
Q = 15
P = 2Q
P_tax_law_not_passed = 2 * 15 = 30
Expected price = (0.7 * 40) + (0.3 * 30) = 28 + 9 = 37
c. To calculate the anticipated profits, we use the expected price and the optimal output level in each scenario:
If the tax law is passed:
Profit = (P - C(Q)) * Q = (40 - 2(20)) * 20 = 20 * 20 = 400
If the tax law is not passed:
Profit = (P - C(Q)) * Q = (30 - 2(15)) * 15 = 15 * 15 = 225
Anticipated profits = (0.7 * Profit_tax_law_passed) + (0.3 * Profit_tax_law_not_passed)
Anticipated profits = (0.7 * 400) + (0.3 * 225) = 280 + 67.5 = 347.5
Therefore:
a. The optimal level of output to maximize expected profits is 20 units.
b. The expected price for the product is $37.
c. The anticipated profits are $347.5.
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Apply your knowledge of strategy/policy and your Christian
worldview as you evaluate Airbnb.
Search the Bible (either the Old or New Testament) for verse(s) that would guide you in
answering the Ethical/Social/Financial Issues that you have identified or that may be present in the firm and how this would guide
strategic choice.
First section: Discuss a problem or key area identified in your research of the
firm. What is the Ethical/Social/Financial Issues identified (from a
strategy/policy perspective).
b. Second section: State and discuss the Bible verse(s) that are relevant to the
identified area. To properly address this section, it will require biblical research to
put your verse(s) into context for the next section.
c. Third paragraph: Discuss/analyze the importance of the Bible verse(s) in
addressing your chosen topic from a Christian worldview perspective.
From a strategy/policy perspective, the ethical/social/financial issue identified by Airbnb is the impact on local communities and housing affordability.
Airbnb's business model has raised concerns about the displacement of local residents, increase in housing prices, and disruption to traditional hospitality industries.
Relevant Bible verse: "Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless, the foreigner or the poor. Do not plot evil against each other" - Zechariah 7:10.
This verse highlights the importance of considering the well-being of the vulnerable, including those who may be adversely affected by the actions of a business like Airbnb. It emphasizes the need to avoid oppressing or exploiting others for personal gain.
Importance from a Christian worldview: As Christians, we are called to love our neighbors and prioritize justice and compassion. Applying this verse to the issue of Airbnb reminds us of the importance of responsible and ethical business practices that consider the impact on communities and promote social responsibility. It guides us to seek strategies that strike a balance between business growth and the well-being of local residents, promoting fairness and sustainability in the marketplace.
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elrose Manufacturing has net sales revenue of $624,000, cost of goods sold of $274,560, nearly $95,360, and preferred dividends of $8,000 during the current year. At the end of the year, the weighted average number of outstanding common stock was 429600. A total of 1,000 preferred re outstanding throughout the year. The company's earnings per share for the current year ect one: a. 0.8736 0.84 O c. 87.36 d. 0203
EPS = $87,360 / 429,600
EPS ≈ 0.203 (rounded to three decimal places)
Therefore, the company's earnings per share for the current year one is d. 0.203.
To calculate the earnings per share (EPS) for the current year, determine the net income attributable to common shareholders and then divide it by the weighted average number of outstanding common stock.
Net income attributable to common shareholders can be calculated by subtracting the preferred dividends from the net income.
Net income attributable to common shareholders = Net income - Preferred dividends
Net income attributable to common shareholders = $95,360 - $8,000
Net income attributable to common shareholders = $87,360
Now, we can calculate the earnings per share:
EPS = Net income attributable to common shareholders / Weighted average number of outstanding common stock
EPS = $87,360 / 429,600
EPS ≈ 0.203 (rounded to three decimal places)
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 0.203.
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c) Using the risk matrix given in Figure 2, complete a hazard log by proposing one safety risk related to the interface between signalling system and rolling-stock. The hazard log should contain the following columns: 1. Hazard Description 2. Cause 3. Consequence 4. Initial Frequency 5. Initial Severity 6. Initial Risk Rating 7. Safeguard 8. Residual Frequency 9. Residual Severity 10. Residual Risk Rating (9 marks) RI A (Frequent) B (Probable) C(Occasional) D (Remote) E (Improbable) F (Incredible) Frequency Severity 3 2 (Marginal) (Critical) Injury Fatality <5 RI R2 R1 R2 R2 R3 R2 R4 R3 R4 R4 (Insignificant) Service Delay R2 R3 R3 R4 R4 R4 (Catastrophic) Fatality >= 5 R1 R1 R1 R2 R3 R4 Figure 2 d) Explain the weakness of the risk matrix in Figure 2 (2 marks), and propose a solution to the problem with an example (3 marks).
The risk matrix in Figure 2 has a weakness in its limited number of categories for frequency and severity. To address this, an expanded scale with more categories can be used to provide a more accurate assessment of risks. This would allow for better decision-making and prioritization of risk mitigation efforts.
Hazard Log:
1. Hazard Description: Interface failure between signaling system and rolling-stock
2. Cause: Communication breakdown or malfunctioning of signaling system or rolling-stock
3. Consequence: Potential collision or derailment
4. Initial Frequency: Occasional (C)
5. Initial Severity: Critical (2)
6. Initial Risk Rating: R3
7. Safeguard: Regular maintenance and inspection of signaling system and rolling-stock, effective communication protocols
8. Residual Frequency: Occasional (C)
9. Residual Severity: Critical (2)
10. Residual Risk Rating: R3
One weakness of the risk matrix in Figure 2 is that it uses a limited number of categories for both frequency and severity. The matrix only provides six categories (A to F) for frequency and four categories (1 to 4) for severity. This limited categorization may not adequately capture the nuances and variations of different risks, leading to potential oversimplification or misinterpretation of risk levels. To address this weakness, a possible solution is to expand the number of categories in the risk matrix to provide a more granular assessment of risks. For example, instead of four severity categories, a scale from 1 to 10 can be used, allowing for more precise evaluation of the severity of consequences. Similarly, the frequency categories can be expanded to provide a more comprehensive range of possibilities. This would result in a more nuanced and accurate representation of risk levels, facilitating better decision-making and prioritization of risk mitigation efforts.
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Your department has just increased its level of inventory. From the inception, the periodic system was used to determine the year end inventory. Prepare a video presentation explaining to your boss the benefits to be derived by switching from the Periodic to the Perpetual Inventory Costing System. - S. Joseph
The Perpetual system offers real-time tracking of inventory levels, accurate and up-to-date cost of goods sold calculations, enhanced inventory control, reduced errors, and improved decision-making.
The Perpetual system provides real-time tracking of inventory levels, allowing for immediate visibility of stock quantities. This helps in avoiding stockouts and ensuring timely replenishment. With accurate and up-to-date information, the system facilitates more accurate calculations of the cost of goods sold. This enables better financial reporting and analysis. The Perpetual system also enhances inventory control by providing continuous monitoring and identification of discrepancies, such as theft or loss. Any issues can be promptly addressed, minimizing the negative impact on operations and financials. By eliminating the need for periodic physical inventory counts, the Perpetual system reduces errors and improves efficiency. It automates inventory recording and eliminates manual calculations, decreasing the likelihood of mistakes and saving valuable time. Additionally, the real-time data provided by the Perpetual system enables more informed decision-making. Managers can analyze inventory levels, trends, and costs to optimize purchasing, pricing, and production strategies. In conclusion, switching from the Periodic to the Perpetual Inventory Costing System offers numerous benefits, including real-time tracking, accurate cost of goods sold calculations, improved inventory control, reduced errors, and enhanced decision-making capabilities.
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Insurance company, IHI, is part of a swap agreement with investment bank Lachlin Bank on a notional principal of $90 million. IHI has agreed to pay Lachlin Bank the six month BBSW rate and receives 9% pa, convertible half-yearly. If the swap has a residual life of 18 months, and the next interest payment is due in six months, calculate the value of the swap for Lachlin, given BBSW rates (compounding continuously) for the corresponding 6, 12 and 18 month maturities are 10.84% pa, 11.1% pa, 11.31% pa and the half year BBSW rate on the next payment is known to be 7.6% pa compounding half-yearly. Give your answer in millions of dollars to 2 decimal places.
An insurance company, is a party to a swap agreement with investment bank Lachlin Bank, with a notional principal of $90 million. IHI has agreed to pay Lachlin Bank the six-month BBSW rate and receives 9% p.a., convertible half-yearly. If the swap has a residual life of 18 months and the next interest payment is due in six months.
The value of the swap for Lachlin is given as follows:First, the present value of the swap can be calculated:PV = Notional Principal × [ (1 + (BBSW/2))^(-0.5) - (1 + (9%/2))^(-0.5) ] - Notional Principal × [ (1 + (BBSW/2))^(-1.0) - (1 + (9%/2))^(-1.0) ]Where BBSW is the six-month BBSW rate. Substituting the value of BBSW as 7.6% p.a. compounding half-yearly.
PVLachlin = $90 million × [ (1 + (7.6%/2))^(-0.5) - (1 + (9%/2))^(-0.5) ] - $90 million × [ (1 + (7.6%/2))^(-1.0) - (1 + (9%/2))^(-1.0) ]Next, the value of the swap can be determined at the next payment, where Lachlin pays the next interest payment, and IHI receives the interest payment.
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Assignments: Problem Solving Q1. What is the difference between a floating exchange rate, a soft peg, a hard peg, and dollarization? Q2. In principle, the benefits of international trade to a country exceed the costs, no matter whether the country is importing or exporting. In practice, it is not always possible to compensate the losers in a country, for example, workers who lose their jobs due to foreign imports. In your opinion, does that mean that trade should be inhibited to prevent the losses?
Q1. What is the difference between a floating exchange rate, a soft peg, a hard peg, and dollarization? Floating Exchange Rate: A floating exchange rate is a type of exchange rate system in which the value of a currency is determined by market forces such as supply and demand.
In a floating exchange rate systm, the exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate based on changes in the market. Soft Peg: A soft peg is a type of exchange rate system in which the value of a currency is allowed to fluctuate within a range that is set by a central bank or other authority. The range is usually quite wide, and the currency is allowed to float within it, but it is not allowed to move outside of it. Hard Peg: A hard peg is a type of exchange rate system in which the value of a currency is fixed to another currency or to a commodity such as gold. The currency is not allowed to fluctuate, and the central bank or other authority must take action to maintain the fixed rate. Dollarization: Dollarization is a type of exchange rate system in which a country adopts the currency of another country as its official currency. In dollarization, the country gives up control over its monetary policy and the exchange rate.Q2. In principle, the benefits of international trade to a country exceed the costs, no matter whether the country is importing or exporting. In practice, it is not always possible to compensate the losers in a country, for example, workers who lose their jobs due to foreign imports. In your opinion, does that mean that trade should be inhibited to prevent the losses?In my opinion, trade should not be inhibited to prevent the losses. The benefits of international trade are immense, and it is essential for the growth and development of countries. However, it is also essential to compensate the losers in a country.
Governments should take steps to help workers who lose their jobs due to foreign imports, such as providing training or financial assistance to help them transition to new jobs or industries. This will help to ensure that the benefits of international trade are shared more evenly, and that the losers are not left behind. In conclusion, while it is not always possible to compensate the losers in a country, inhibiting trade is not the solution. Governments should take steps to help those who are negatively affected by trade to ensure that the benefits are shared more evenly.
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Discussion 09: Ethical Issues V Discussion Topic Discuss ethical issues concerning access to care, the right to care and how much care, as well as the ethics of transferring assets to qualify for Medicaid. Incorporate real world/personal examples in your discussion.
The healthcare industry is one that is faced with ethical issues concerning access to care, the right to care and how much care to provide. The ethical implications of transferring assets to qualify for Medicaid is also a topic of concern. In this discussion, we will explore some of these ethical issues and provide some real world/personal examples to help illustrate the impact of these issues on individuals and society.Access to Care:Access to care is an ethical issue that is of great concern in the healthcare industry. Individuals have the right to receive quality healthcare, regardless of their social status or financial capabilities. The reality, however, is that many people are denied access to care because of their inability to pay for healthcare services. This creates a situation where healthcare is only available to those who can afford it, which goes against the principle of social justice.Personal Example: An individual who is suffering from a chronic illness is denied access to care because they are uninsured and cannot afford to pay for treatment. They are forced to suffer in silence and endure the pain and discomfort associated with their illness.Right to Care and How Much Care:The right to care is another ethical issue that is of great concern in the healthcare industry. Individuals have the right to receive care that is tailored to their specific needs and that meets the highest standards of quality. This includes access to preventive care, diagnostic care, and treatment.Personal Example: An individual who is diagnosed with cancer has the right to receive treatment that is tailored to their specific needs. This includes access to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. The amount of care that they receive should be determined by their medical condition, not by their financial status.Ethics of Transferring Assets to Qualify for Medicaid:Transferring assets to qualify for Medicaid is an ethical issue that has become more prevalent in recent years. This involves transferring assets such as property or money to family members or friends in order to meet the income and asset eligibility requirements for Medicaid. While this is legal, it raises ethical questions about the fairness of the system and whether it is appropriate to transfer assets in this way.Personal Example: An elderly couple transfers ownership of their home to their children in order to qualify for Medicaid. While this is legal, it raises questions about whether it is ethical to transfer assets in this way and whether it is appropriate for the government to pay for their care when they have transferred ownership of their home to their children.In conclusion, the healthcare industry is faced with numerous ethical issues concerning access to care, the right to care, and the ethics of transferring assets to qualify for Medicaid. These issues are complex and require careful consideration and discussion in order to ensure that the healthcare system is fair, just, and equitable for all. Learn more about medicaid here,https://brainly.com/question/8237716 #SPJ11
Due to the severity of COVID 19 on households, the government of Australia announced Job Keeper Allowances to be given to the labour force that had lost employment. a. Examine the impact of Job Keeper Allowances during the COVID 19 recession on Australia's economy
The Job Keeper Allowances implemented by the government of Australia during the COVID-19 recession had a significant impact on the country's economy.
The Job Keeper Allowances played a crucial role in providing support to the labor force that had lost employment due to the pandemic. By providing financial assistance to affected individuals, the government aimed to mitigate the economic impact of the recession and prevent a more severe downturn.
During the COVID-19 recession, many businesses faced closures and layoffs, leading to a sharp increase in unemployment rates. The Job Keeper Allowances helped to stabilize household incomes and maintain consumer spending to some extent. This financial support provided a lifeline for individuals and their families, reducing the adverse effects of unemployment on their well-being and living standards. It also helped to prevent a larger decline in aggregate demand, supporting businesses and preventing a more severe contraction in economic activity. By supporting the labor force and maintaining household incomes, the Job Keeper Allowances played a crucial role in cushioning the negative impact of the recession and aiding the overall recovery process.
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which two types of graphs illustrate and analyze measurements or
trends ober time?
pareto chart , check sheet, control chart, run chart
The two types of graphs that illustrate and analyze measurements or trends over time are the control chart and the run chart.
1. Control Chart: A control chart is a statistical tool used to monitor and analyze process variation over time. It displays measured values plotted against control limits to determine whether a process is within statistical control. Control charts are commonly used in quality control to detect and address any deviations or trends in a process. They help identify whether a process is stable or experiencing issues that require intervention.
2. Run Chart: A run chart is a simple line graph that displays data points in chronological order. It is used to analyze trends and patterns over time. Run charts are effective in visually identifying shifts, cycles, or random fluctuations in data. They can help identify long-term trends, outliers, or unusual patterns that may require further investigation. Run charts are commonly used in various fields, including manufacturing, healthcare, and project management, to track and analyze performance metrics or process improvement initiatives.
Both control charts and run charts provide valuable insights into the behavior and performance of processes or systems over time, facilitating data-driven decision-making and continuous improvement efforts.
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Tampa Roofing Company collected P15,000 interest during 2020. It showed P2,000 interest receivable on its December 31, 2020 balance sheet and P6,000 on December 31, 2019. How much is the interest revenue on the income statement for 2020?
a. P23,000
b. P11,000
c. None of the above
d. P7,000
e. P19,000
(e) P19,000. the interest revenue on the income statement for 2020 is calculated by adding the interest collected during the year (P15,000) to the interest receivable at the beginning of the year (P6,000), and then subtracting the interest receivable at the end of the year (P2,000).
[tex]Calculation: P6,000 + P15,000 - P2,000 = P19,000[/tex]
This represents the total interest revenue earned by the Tampa Roofing Company during 2020.
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marketing metrics system for distillery
For each of your following metrics Click through rate, cost per click, abandonment rate, bounce rate, visitors, cost per order. justify your choice of that metric. This is likely to include identifying the type of metric required to monitor/evaluate different elements of (the) marketing (activity) in the organisation, then include consideration of one or more decision environment factors to arrive at the specific metric you have chosen. This justification may reference metric construction factors if a choice is limited by these factors.
The chosen metrics for the marketing metrics system for a distillery include click-through rate, cost per click, abandonment rate, bounce rate, visitors, and cost per order.
These metrics are justified based on their relevance to monitoring and evaluating different elements of marketing activity, considering decision environment factors and metric construction factors. Click-through rate (CTR): CTR is an important metric as it measures the effectiveness of online advertisements or campaigns in driving user engagement. It indicates the percentage of users who click on an ad or link and provides insights into the success of attracting target audiences to the distillery's website or landing page. High CTR signifies effective ad design, compelling content, and relevance to the target audience.
Cost per click (CPC): CPC is a metric that measures the cost incurred by the distillery for each click on its online advertisements. It is important to monitor CPC to assess the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of online advertising campaigns. By tracking CPC, the distillery can optimize its ad spending, identify cost-saving opportunities, and evaluate the return on investment (ROI) for different advertising channels or campaigns.
Abandonment rate: The abandonment rate refers to the percentage of users who initiate an action but do not complete it, such as filling out a form or completing a purchase. Monitoring the abandonment rate helps identify potential barriers or friction points in the user journey, such as complicated checkout processes or confusing forms. By addressing these issues, the distillery can improve conversion rates and enhance the overall user experience.
Bounce rate: The bounce rate measures the percentage of website visitors who leave the site after viewing only one page. A high bounce rate could indicate that visitors are not finding the desired information or encountering a poor user experience. Monitoring the bounce rate allows the distillery to identify areas for website optimization, content improvement, and user engagement strategies to increase visitor retention and engagement.
Visitors: The number of visitors is a fundamental metric that provides insights into the overall reach and popularity of the distillery's website. It helps monitor the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, content, and search engine optimization efforts. Tracking the number of visitors allows the distillery to assess the success of attracting and retaining traffic, identify trends, and measure the impact of marketing initiatives on website traffic.
Cost per order: Cost per order is an important metric for measuring the efficiency and profitability of the distillery's marketing efforts. It calculates the average cost incurred to generate one order or sale. By monitoring the cost per order, the distillery can evaluate the effectiveness of different marketing channels, campaigns, and promotional activities. It also helps in making informed decisions regarding resource allocation and budget optimization.
In choosing these metrics, consideration should be given to the decision environments factors such as the distillery's marketing objectives, target audience, available resources, and industry benchmarks. Additionally, metric construction factors like data availability, accuracy, and comparability should be considered to ensure the chosen metrics can be measured consistently and provide meaningful insights for decision-making.
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Which of the following statements about e-books is not true? A) E-book sales revenue in 2019 decreased significantly from the previous year. B) The vast majority of indie authors are unable to make a living solely from e- book sales.
C) Most self-published e-books are not counted by the publishing industry reports on e-book sales.
D) Apple is a distant second in the e-book market.
The statement about e-books that is not true is "E-book sales revenue in 2019 decreased significantly from the previous year". The correct option is A. E-book sales revenue in 2019 decreased significantly from the previous year.
The given statements are:
A) E-book sales revenue in 2019 decreased significantly from the previous year.
B) The vast majority of indie authors are unable to make a living solely from e-book sales.
C) Most self-published e-books are not counted by the publishing industry reports on e-book sales.
D) Apple is a distant second in the e-book market. In 2019, the revenue generated by e-book sales did not decrease significantly from the previous year.
Therefore, this statement is not true.The correct option is A. E-book sales revenue in 2019 decreased significantly from the previous year.
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Optimal inputs: A firm has a production function, y = ln(l, k) in a market with prices Py = 20, pe = 4, Pk = 5. Find the firm's profit maximizing choice for y, l, and k. How much profit do they earn?
The firm earns a profit of approximately $39.914.
To find the firm's profit-maximizing choice for output (y), labor (l), and capital (k), we need to maximize the firm's profit function. The profit function is given by:
π(y, l, k) = Py * y - pe * l - Pk * k
Given the production function y = ln(l, k) and prices Py = 20, pe = 4, and Pk = 5, we can substitute these values into the profit function:
π(y, l, k) = 20 * ln(l, k) - 4 * l - 5 * k
To maximize profit, we need to find the values of y, l, and k that maximize the profit function. To do this, we differentiate the profit function with respect to each input (y, l, and k) and set the derivatives equal to zero.
∂π/∂y = 20 * (∂ln(l, k)/∂y) = 20 * (1/y) = 20/y = 0
∂π/∂l = 20 * (∂ln(l, k)/∂l) - 4 = 20 * (1/l) - 4 = 20/l - 4 = 0
∂π/∂k = 20 * (∂ln(l, k)/∂k) - 5 = 20 * (1/k) - 5 = 20/k - 5 = 0
Solving the first equation, we find that y = ∞, which means there are no constraints on the maximum output level.
Solving the second equation, we have:
20/l - 4 = 0
20/l = 4
l = 20/4
l = 5
Solving the third equation, we have:
20/k - 5 = 0
20/k = 5
k = 20/5
k = 4
Therefore, the profit-maximizing choices for output (y), labor (l), and capital (k) are y = ∞, l = 5, and k = 4.
To calculate the profit earned by the firm, we substitute these values back into the profit function:
π(y, l, k) = 20 * ln(l, k) - 4 * l - 5 * k
π(∞, 5, 4) = 20 * ln(5, 4) - 4 * 5 - 5 * 4
π(∞, 5, 4) = 20 * ln(20) - 20 - 20
π(∞, 5, 4) = 20 * (ln(20) - 1)
π(∞, 5, 4) ≈ 20 * (2.9957 - 1)
π(∞, 5, 4) ≈ 20 * 1.9957
π(∞, 5, 4) ≈ 39.914
Therefore, the firm earns a profit of approximately $39.914.
The profit-maximizing choices for the firm are to produce an infinite level of output (y = ∞) using 5 units of labor (l = 5) and 4 units of capital (k = 4). The firm earns a profit of approximately $39.914.
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Text book: International Management 10th edition. Authors: Helen Deresky and Stewart R. Miller
Chapter 7 Case Study:
What are your views of SoftBank’s acquisition of Sprint in the U.S.’s telecom industry?
Investigate and discuss SoftBank and Sprint’s core competencies in Japan and the U.S.?
What did you learn from the SoftBank-Sprint merger?
SoftBank is a Japanese multinational conglomerate that operates in various sectors, including telecommunications, e-commerce, internet services, robotics, and more.
Sprint, on the other hand, is a telecommunications company based in the United States. SoftBank acquired a majority stake in Sprint in 2013, aiming to expand its presence in the U.S. market and leverage Sprint's network infrastructure and customer base.
Investigating SoftBank's core competencies in Japan, it is known for its strong telecommunications presence through its subsidiary, SoftBank Corp. SoftBank Corp. provides mobile, fixed-line, and broadband services in Japan, and it has gained a reputation for its innovative offerings, competitive pricing, and customer-centric approach.
In the U.S., Sprint's core competencies before the acquisition included its wireless network infrastructure and customer base. Sprint was one of the major players in the U.S. telecom industry, offering wireless voice, messaging, and data services to both individual and business customers.
From the SoftBank-Sprint merger, several insights can be learned:
Market expansion and globalization: The merger allowed SoftBank to enter the U.S. market and expand its global footprint, tapping into new customer segments and revenue streams.
Synergies and competitive advantage: The combination of SoftBank's technological expertise and Sprint's network infrastructure created potential synergies and the ability to offer innovative services, improved coverage, and enhanced customer experiences.
Strategic partnerships: The merger highlighted the importance of strategic partnerships and collaborations in the telecom industry. By joining forces, SoftBank and Sprint aimed to strengthen their positions and compete more effectively against established players in the U.S. market.
Regulatory considerations: Mergers and acquisitions in the telecom industry often involve regulatory scrutiny due to concerns related to competition, market concentration, and national security. The SoftBank-Sprint merger required approval from regulatory authorities, showcasing the importance of navigating regulatory challenges in cross-border transactions.
It's important to note that the specific details and outcomes of the SoftBank-Sprint merger may vary, and the 10th edition of the textbook may provide more in-depth analysis and case-specific insights. For a comprehensive understanding, I recommend referring to the textbook mentioned and conducting further research on the specific case study.
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9. Let Rt denote the simple monthly return and assume that Rt~ N(μ, o2). Consider the 2-period simple return R₂ (2) = (1 + Rt)(1 + Rt−1) – 1. 0, show that E[RtRt-1] = µ². Hint: Use COV(Rt, Rt
Consider the 2-period simple return R2(2) = (1 + Rt)(1 + Rt−1) – 1.We have to show that E[RtRt-1] = µ², where Rt is the simple monthly return and assume that Rt~ N(μ, o2)
.Now, we know that the expectation value of R2(2) can be defined as:E[R2(2)] = E[(1 + Rt)(1 + Rt−1) – 1]Taking the expected value of RtRt−1, we can find E[RtRt-1]. Therefore,E[RtRt-1] = E[(Rt- μ)(Rt-1 - μ)] + μ²= E[RtRt] - μ²= Var(Rt) + E[Rt]² - μ²= o² + μ² - μ²= o²The expected value of R2(2) is calculated as follows:E[R2(2)] = E[(1 + Rt)(1 + Rt−1) – 1]= E[RtRt−1] + E[Rt] + E[Rt−1] + 1= µ² + µ + µ + 1= µ² + 2µ + 1Therefore, combining both equations,E[R2(2)] = µ² + 2µ + 1By comparing both equations, we get:E[RtRt-1] = µ²Hence, we have shown that E[RtRt-1] = µ².
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QUESTION FOUR What role does countervailing power play in the
power relationship? Give an example of your own encounters with
countervailing power at university or work. (10 marks, 400
words)
Countervailing power refers to the ability of individuals or groups to resist or counterbalance the power of another individual or group in a power relationship.
It acts as a check and balance mechanism to prevent the abuse or excessive dominance of power by one party. Countervailing power can arise from various sources, such as economic, social, political, or organizational factors. It plays a crucial role in maintaining fairness, equity, and stability in power dynamics.
In both academic and professional settings, countervailing power can manifest in different ways. One example of countervailing power in a university setting is student organizations or unions. These groups represent the collective interests of students and can exert pressure on the university administration to address their concerns or advocate for changes in policies. By organizing protests, strikes, or negotiations, student organizations can effectively challenge the power of the university administration and influence decision-making processes.
At the workplace, countervailing power can be seen through labor unions or employee associations. These organizations represent the collective interests of workers and negotiate with management regarding wages, working conditions, and benefits. Through collective bargaining, employees can exert pressure on the employer and secure better terms of employment. The presence of labor unions helps to balance the power relationship between employers and employees, ensuring that workers' rights are protected and their voices are heard.
Personally, I have encountered countervailing power in my university experience. During my time as a student, there were instances when students organized protests and demonstrations to voice their concerns about tuition fees, inadequate resources, or unfair grading practices. These collective actions served as countervailing power against the university administration, forcing them to address the issues raised and engage in meaningful dialogue with the student body. In some cases, student-led movements resulted in policy changes or improvements in campus facilities, demonstrating the effectiveness of countervailing power in influencing decision-making processes.
Furthermore, countervailing power can also be observed in the relationships between colleagues within an organization. When individuals within a team or department collaborate and exert influence collectively, they can balance the power held by a dominant member or prevent the abuse of power. This can involve challenging decisions, proposing alternative solutions, or advocating for inclusive and democratic decision-making processes.
In conclusion, countervailing power plays a crucial role in power relationships by providing a mechanism to challenge and counterbalance the dominance of power. Whether it is through student organizations, labor unions, or collective action within a workplace, countervailing power helps to ensure fairness, equity, and accountability in various settings. By enabling individuals or groups to resist and negotiate against the concentration of power, countervailing power promotes a more balanced and just power dynamic.
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The centroid method for plant location uses which of the following data?
Correct Answer
Correlation matrix of existing facilities
Correct Answer
Volume of goods to be shipped between existing points
Correct Answer
Inbound transportation costs
Correct Answer
Transport times between facilities
The centroid method for plant location uses the data related to the transport times between facilities.
The centroid method is a technique used to determine the optimal location for a new facility based on minimizing transportation costs or distances between existing facilities and potential locations. In this method, the transport times or distances between existing facilities are considered as crucial data for calculating the central point or centroid. By identifying the centroid, which represents the average location of existing facilities, a new facility can be strategically placed to minimize overall transportation costs or times.
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. Find the present worth of $500 in year 1 and amounts increasing by $50 per year through year 6 at an interest rate of 15% per year P₁ = ? i = 15% 6 Year 600 750 500 550 G=50 650 700
To find the present worth of $500 in year 1 and amounts increasing by $50 per year through year 6 at an interest rate of 15% per year, we can calculate the present value (P₁) using the following formula:
[tex]\[P₁ = \sum_{n=1}^{6} \frac{A_n}{{(1 + i)}^n}\][/tex]
where:
[tex]P₁ & : \text{Present worth} \\[/tex]
[tex]A_n & : \text{Amount in year } n \\[/tex]
[tex]i & : \text{Interest rate (in decimal form)} \\[/tex]
[tex]n & : \text{Year}[/tex]
Let's calculate the present worth (P₁):
P₁ = [tex]\frac{600}{{(1 + 0.15)}^1} + \frac{650}{{(1 + 0.15)}^2} + \frac{700}{{(1 + 0.15)}^3} + \frac{750}{{(1 + 0.15)}^4} + \frac{800}{{(1 + 0.15)}^5} + \frac{850}{{(1 + 0.15)}^6} \\[/tex] = [tex]\frac{600}{1.15^1} + \frac{650}{1.15^2} + \frac{700}{1.15^3} + \frac{750}{1.15^4} + \frac{800}{1.15^5} + \frac{850}{1.15^6} \\[/tex] [tex]\approx \$2,177.94[/tex]
Therefore, the present worth (P₁) of the cash flows is approximately $2,177.94.
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Using the information in the table below, calculate GDP using the expenditure approach.
Gross fixed capital formation - investment : 41 $billions
Net indirect taxes : 34 $billions
Exports : 10 $billions
Imports : 3 $billions
Consumption expenditure - private : 48 $billions
Consumption expenditure - government : 40 $billions
Gross operating surplus : 53 $billions
A. $136 billion
B. $129 billion
C. $170 billion
D. $148 billion
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period.
The expenditure approach is one method used to calculate GDP by summing up the different components of expenditure. Therefore, the GDP using the expenditure approach is $136 billion. This means that the total value of goods and services produced in the economy, considering consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports, amounts to $136 billion.
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The Task: You are required to prepare the IT Project Management Proposal/documentation using Project Management Life Cycle Model learnt in class for the case study provided below). Later you would present the findings through presentation assessment. Case Study: "Sustainable E-Commerce system for Retail Shop" Details on the Case Study: When we talk about sustainability, we look into the triple bottom line model. Nowadays, e-commerce systems are becoming more and more popular, which allows to exploit its imp
IT Project Management Proposal: Sustainable E-Commerce System for Retail Shop
1. Introduction:
The purpose of this project is to develop a sustainable e-commerce system for a retail shop that aligns with the principles of the triple bottom line model. The sustainable e-commerce system will enable the retail shop to effectively sell products online while minimizing environmental impact, promoting social responsibility, and ensuring economic viability. This proposal outlines the project scope, objectives, deliverables, timeline, and resources required for successful implementation.
2. Project Objectives:
Develop a user-friendly and secure e-commerce platform for the retail shop.Implement sustainable practices throughout the e-commerce system to minimize environmental impact.Promote social responsibility by integrating ethical sourcing and fair trade principles into the system.Ensure the economic viability of the e-commerce system through effective cost management and revenue generation.3. Project Scope:
The project will include the following activities:Analysis of current retail operations and requirements gathering.Design and development of the e-commerce platform, including user interface, product catalog, shopping cart, and payment gateway integration.Integration of sustainability features, such as eco-friendly packaging options, energy-efficient server infrastructure, and carbon footprint tracking.Implementation of ethical sourcing practices and fair trade certifications for products sold through the platform.Testing and quality assurance of the e-commerce system.Training and documentation for retail shop staff on how to manage and maintain the e-commerce platform.Ongoing support and maintenance of the e-commerce system post-implementation.4. Project Deliverables:
Requirements documentation and analysis report.E-commerce system design and development.Sustainable e-commerce platform with integrated features.Training materials and user manuals for retail shop staff.Ongoing support and maintenance plan.5. Project Timeline:
Requirements gathering and analysis: 2 weeks.System design and development: 6 weeks.Testing and quality assurance: 2 weeks.Training and documentation: 1 week.Go-live and post-implementation support: Ongoing.6. Resources:
Project Manager: Responsible for overall project coordination, resource allocation, and stakeholder management.IT Team: Consisting of developers, designers, and testers for system development and implementation.Sustainability Consultant: Providing guidance on integrating sustainable practices into the e-commerce system.Retail Shop Staff: Involved in requirements gathering, testing, and training.7. Project Management Approach:
The project will follow the Project Management Life Cycle model, comprising the following phases:Initiation: Define project objectives, scope, stakeholders, and resource requirements.Planning: Develop a detailed project plan, including a work breakdown structure, schedule, and resource allocation.Execution: Execute the project plan, including system development, integration of sustainability features, and user training.Monitoring and Control: Monitor project progress, identify and address risks and issues, and ensure adherence to project timelines and quality standards.Closure: Conduct a post-implementation review, document lessons learned, and hand over the e-commerce system to the retail shop.Conclusion:
This project proposal outlines the key components required to develop a sustainable e-commerce system for the retail shop. By integrating sustainability practices, ethical sourcing, and efficient operations, the proposed e-commerce system will contribute to the triple bottom line model, ensuring environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The Project Management Life Cycle model will guide the project's successful implementation, resulting in a user-friendly, secure, and sustainable e-commerce platform for the retail shop.
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Demand: Ininking Like a Buyer End of Chapter Problem Determine whether each good is a normal good or an inferior good for the average consumer. a. For most consumers, the newest iPhone is _____ good. b. For most consumers, a 10-year-old used car is _____ good. c. For most consumers, dental services are _____ good.
a. For most consumers, the newest iPhone is a normal good.
b. For most consumers, a 10-year-old used car is an inferior good.
c. For most consumers, dental services are a normal good.
a. The newest iPhone is considered a normal good for most consumers. As income increases, the demand for iPhones also increases, indicating a positive income elasticity of demand. People with higher incomes are more likely to afford the latest iPhone models, leading to a higher demand for these goods.
b. A 10-year-old used car is generally considered an inferior good. As income increases, the demand for older, used cars tends to decrease, indicating a negative income elasticity of demand. When consumers have higher incomes, they are more likely to prefer newer and more expensive car models, leading to a decrease in the demand for older used cars.
c. Dental services are considered a normal good for most consumers. As income increases, the demand for dental services also increases, indicating a positive income elasticity of demand. People with higher incomes are more likely to prioritize dental care and afford various dental services, resulting in an increased demand for these services.
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The position of the firm's supply curve depends on Multiple Choice O the number of firms in the industry. the market demand curve. O summing the prices from individual supply curves. the taste of the buyers.
The position of the firm's supply curve depends on the market demand curve.
The supply curve of a firm represents the relationship between the quantity of a good or service that a firm is willing to supply and the price of that good or service. It indicates the quantity a firm is willing to produce and sell at different price levels. The position of the firm's supply curve is influenced by various factors, including the market demand curve.
The market demand curve represents the aggregate demand for a good or service in the market. It shows the quantity of the good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at different price levels. The interaction between the firm's supply curve and the market demand curve determines the equilibrium price and quantity in the market. The firm's supply curve will be influenced by the level of demand in the market. If the market demand increases, it may lead to a higher price and a shift in the firm's supply curve to supply a larger quantity at the new equilibrium price. Similarly, a decrease in market demand may result in a lower price and a shift in the firm's supply curve to supply a smaller quantity. Therefore, the position of the firm's supply curve depends on the market demand curve.
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D.)What is the share premium from the issuance of ordinary shares?
The share premium from the issuance of ordinary shares cannot be determined based on the information provided.
To calculate the share premium from the issuance of ordinary shares, we need to know the par value of the shares and the issue price. The share premium is the amount received above the par value of the shares. However, in the given information, the par value and issue price of the ordinary shares are not provided. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the share premium.
The share premium represents the additional amount that investors are willing to pay for shares above their nominal or par value. It is typically recorded as part of shareholders' equity on the company's balance sheet. When shares are issued at a price higher than their par value, the excess amount is recorded as share premium. The share premium reflects the market perception of the value of the company's shares and can contribute to the company's capital reserves. However, without the specific details of the par value and issue price, we cannot determine the share premium in this scenario.
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Exercise 11-9A Calculate operating activities—indirect method (LO11-3)
Software Distributors reports net income of $46,000. Included in that number is depreciation expense of $5,500 and a loss on the sale of land of $4,100. A comparison of this year's and last year's balance sheets reveals a decrease in accounts receivable of $16,000, a decrease in inventory of $10,500, and an increase in accounts payable of $36,000.
Required:
Prepare the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method. (List cash outflows and any decrease in cash as negative amounts.)
The operating activities section of the statement of cash flows is used to convert a company's net income from accrual to cash basis. The indirect method is a commonly used method.
The net income, depreciation and loss on sale of land are given as $46,000, $5,500, and $4,100 respectively. In addition, an increase in accounts payable of $36,000, and a decrease in accounts receivable of $16,000 and inventory of $10,500 are identified from the balance sheet. It is necessary to calculate cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method.Operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method of Software Distributors are as follows:Net income is adjusted for non-cash expenses like depreciation and losses like loss on sale of land to convert it from accrual basis to cash basis. Depreciation is added to net income and loss on sale of land is deducted to get the cash flows from operating activities.The decrease in accounts receivable of $16,000, decrease in inventory of $10,500, and an increase in accounts payable of $36,000 is then adjusted to arrive at the cash flows from operating activities. Increase in accounts payable and decrease in accounts receivable are added to net income, whereas the decrease in inventory is deducted. The calculation can be done as follows: Net income = $46,000Depreciation = $5,500Loss on sale of land = $4,100Increase in accounts payable = $36,000Decrease in accounts receivable = $16,000Decrease in inventory = $10,500Cash flow from operating activities = $46,000 + $5,500 - $4,100 + $16,000 + $10,500 - $36,000= $38,900Therefore, the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method is $38,900.
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The following trial balance relates to Paradise Ltd as at 30 September 2020: GH'000 GH¢'000 61,000 Stated capital (250m shares (note i) 30,600 8% loan note (note ii) 12,100 Income surplus- 30/09/2019 3,000 Other equity surplus Capital surplus 7,000 Land and building at valuation- 30/09/2019: 43,000 Land (GH67m) and building (GH¢36m) (note iii) Plant and equipment at cost 67,400 Accumulated depreciation- 30/09/2019 13,400 Investments in equity instruments (note iv) 15,800 Inventory at 30 September, 2020 19,800 Trade receivables 29,000 Bank 4,600 Deferred tax (note v) 4,000 Trade payables 21,200 Revenue 183,000 Cost of sales 128,500 Administrative expenses (note i) 25,000 Distribution costs 8,500 Loan note interest paid 2,400 Bank interest 300 Investment income Current tax (note v) 700 900 340,600 340,600 Additional information: i. On 20 September 2020, Paradise Ltd signed a contract to supply a customer with goods in November 2020. The customer paid a deposit of GH 500,000 when the contract was signed and Paradise Ltd credited this amount to revenue. Paradise Ltd did not make any adjustment to inventory on 20 20 September 2020 as a result of receiving the deposit. ii. Paradise Ltd has accounted for a fully subscribed rights issue of equity shares made on 1 April 2020 of one new share for every four in issue 42Gp each. The company paid ordinary dividends of 3Gp per share on 30 November 2019 and 5Gp per share dividend payments are included in administrative expenses on 31 May 2020. in the trial balance. The 8% loan note was issued on 1 October 2018 at its nominal (face) value of GH 30m. The loan note will be redeemed on 30 September 2022 at a premium which gives the loan note an effective finance cost of 10% per annum. iv. Non-current assets: Paradise Ltd revalues its land and building at the end of each accounting year. At 30 September 2020 the relevant value to be incorporated into the financial statements is GH41.8m. The building's remaining life at the beginning of the current year (1 October 2019) was 18 years. Ignore deferred tax on the capital surplus. All depreciation is charged to cost of sales. V The investments in equity instruments held at 30 September 2020 had a fair value of GH 13.5m. All changes in the fair value of investments are treated in the statement of profit or loss. vi. A provision for income tax for the year ended 30 September 2020 of GH45.6m is required. The balance on current tax represents the under/over provision of the tax liability for the year ended 30 September 2019. At 30 September 2020 the tax base of Paradise's net assets was GH¢15m less than their carrying amounts. The movement on deferred tax should be taken to profit or loss. The income tax rate of Paradise Ltd is 25%. Required: a) Prepare the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for Paradise Ltd for the year ended 30 September 2020. b) Prepare the statement of changes in equity for the year ended 30 September, 2020. c) Prepare the statement of financial position of Paradise Ltd as at 30 September 2020.
The deferred tax asset for the loss is GH 15m * 25% = GH 3.75m. The deferred tax liability is calculated as follows: Deferred tax liability = GH 15m * 25% = GH 3.75m.
a) Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for Paradise Ltd. for the year ended 30 September 2020:
GH'000Revenue 183,000
Less: Cost of sales (128,500)
Gross profit 54,500
Less: Administrative expenses (25,000)
Distribution costs (8,500)
Loan note interest paid (2,400)
Bank interest (300)
Investment income 900
Profit before tax 19,200
Income tax expense (4,800)
Profit for the year 14,400
As of 30 September 2020, Paradise Ltd had 1,000m shares. The number of new shares is calculated as follows:
Number of new shares = (250/1,000) * 250m = 62.5m
The proceeds from the shares issue are calculated as follows:
Proceeds = 62.5m * 42Gp = GH 26.25m
Ordinary dividends paid: (3Gp + 5Gp) x 1,000m = GH 80m.
3Gp per share dividend payments are included in administrative expenses on 30 November 2019.
The balance of GH 77m is paid on 31 May 2020. As a result, the ordinary dividends paid in the year were GH 80m.
Administrative expenses dividend:
GH 26.25m * (5Gp - 3Gp) / 42Gp = GH 4.375m
c) Statement of Financial Position of Paradise Ltd as at 30 September 2020. ASSETS Non-Current Assets:
Land and buildings 41,800Plant and equipment (67,400 - 13,400) 54,000Investments in equity instruments (note iv) 15,800 111,600
Current Assets: Inventory 19,800
Trade receivables 29,000Bank 4,600 53,400
Total Assets 165,000 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity: Stated capital 61,000
Capital surplus 7,000
Revaluation surplus 1,100
Other equity surplus 13,025 82,125
Non-Current Liabilities: 8% Loan note (note ii) 12,100
Deferred tax (note v) 4,000 16,100
Current Liabilities: Trade payables 21,200
Current tax (note vi) 45,600 66,800
Total Equity and Liabilities 165,000Note ii:
Interest expense for the year was calculated as follows:
Effective finance cost = (12/30) * 10% = 4%. The nominal interest rate is 8%. The difference is the amortization of the premium.
Interest expense = GH 12.1m * 4% = GH 484,000.
The carrying value of the loan note on 30 September 2020 is GH 12.1m + GH 484,000 = GH 12,584,000.
Note v: Deferred tax: Depreciation: 13,400 / 18 years = GH 744m per year.
The tax base of the plant and equipment is GH 67,400m - (GH 744m * 2) = GH 66,912m. The carrying amount of the plant and equipment is GH 54,000m. The taxable temporary difference is GH 12,912m. The deferred tax liability is calculated as follows:
Deferred tax liability = GH 12,912m * 25% = GH 3,228m.
Deferred tax liability as of 30 September 2019 was GH 2,775m. Movement in deferred tax is GH 453m (GH 3,228m - GH 2,775m).
The movement in deferred tax is recognized in the statement of profit or loss. Deferred tax asset on tax loss:
GH 15m * 25% = GH 3.75m.
Deferred tax liability: GH 66,912m - GH 41,800m - GH 15m = GH 10,112m. Deferred tax liability = GH 10,112m * 25% = GH 2,528m.
The net deferred tax liability is GH 2,528m - GH 3,750m = GH 1,222m. Note vi:
The provision for income tax for the year ended 30 September 2020 is GH 45.6m.
The under/over provision of tax liability for the year ended 30 September 2019 is not given. Therefore, the current tax liability as of 30 September 2019 is not known. The movement in the current tax liability is GH 45.6m - x. The current tax liability as of 30 September 2020 is the sum of the movement and the balance brought forward:
Current tax liability = GH 45.6m + (45.6m - x) = GH 91.2m - x.
The difference between the tax base of Paradise's net assets and their carrying amount is GH 15m.
Therefore, the deferred tax asset for the loss is GH 15m * 25% = GH 3.75m.
The deferred tax liability is calculated as follows:
Deferred tax liability = GH 15m * 25% = GH 3.75m.
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