Organisms become more variable in their responding as reinforcement becomes less frequent or predictable.
What are the factor influence the animal behavior ?Behavior is an output of the action of an organism towards its changing external environment.
The major environmental factors affect animal behavior are behaviors are Territory Size, Diet, Family & Herd Size.
Beside this, Reinforcement and punishment can also affect the animal behavior.
Reinforcement is the event which strengthens the likelihood of a behavior where as punishment is the event that weakens the likelihood of a behavior.
Hence, organism are more variable response to reinforcement.
Learn more about animal behavior, here:
https://brainly.com/question/7591068
#SPJ4
The nasopharynx is lined with a ciliated mucosal membrane with a highly vascular blood supply. one function of the membrane is to:________
The nasopharynx is lined with a ciliated mucosal membrane with a highly vascular blood supply. one function of the membrane is to humidify air.
What is nasopharynx?Behind the nose, the top of the throat. The nasopharynx has a passageway leading into each ear on either side.Throat's nasopharynx is the top portion (pharynx). The roof of mouth, behind nose, is a muscular, box-shaped tube. Air can go from nose to nasopharynx, windpipe, and eventually into lungs.The top section of the throat (pharynx), which is located behind the nose, is known as the nasopharynx. It is a box-shaped chamber with edges that are one and half inches wide. It is located just behind the nasal passages and above the soft palate, which is the soft portion of the roof of the mouth.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a condition in which the tissues of the nasopharynx develop malignant (cancer) cells. The risk of nasopharyngeal cancer can be influenced by ethnic origin and Epstein-Barr virus exposure. Having difficulty breathing, speaking, or hearing could be an indication of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Learn more about nasopharynx here:
https://brainly.com/question/13051091
#SPJ4
Which group behavior is most commonly observed in
insects?
A. Flocking
B. Herding
C. Hunting
D. Swarming
Answer:
Swarming is most commonly observed.
The correct answer is D. Swarming.
Explanation:The behavior of gregarious insects, also known as swarming, is most commonly associated with social insects that live in communal colonies. Although, the behavior has also been observed among non-social insects as well.
Hope this helps :)
The term __________ refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem.
The term faecal incontinence refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem.
The inability to control bowel motions results in faeces (stool) leaking unexpectedly from the rectum in faecal incontinence. Fecal incontinence, also known as bowel incontinence, can range from the infrequent leakage of faeces when passing gas to a total lack of bowel control.
Faecal incontinence is frequently brought on by muscle or nerve injury, constipation, and diarrhoea. Damage to the muscles or nerves may be brought on by ageing or giving birth. Faecal incontinence can also develop in those who are unaware that they need to pass stool. We refer to this as passive incontinence.
Therefore, The term faecal incontinence refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem.
Learn more about faecal incontinence here;
https://brainly.com/question/8822587
#SPJ4
Our blood vessels are lined with muscles that allow for automatic dilation and constriction based on environmental situations. what kind of muscle tissue lines the blood vessels?
Smooth muscle, a type of tissue that allows for constriction or dilation, makes up the blood vessel walls. The absence of striations (stripes), which are present in both skeletal and cardiac muscles, gives smooth muscle its name.
Only smooth muscle cells are found in blood arteries. The tunica media houses these muscle cells, elastic fibres, and connective tissue. Even though vessels only have smooth muscles, skeletal muscle contractions are crucial for the venous system's ability to transport blood from the periphery to the heart.
The autonomic nervous system regulates the smooth muscle found in the walls of hollow internal organs like blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, and the uterus. Since smooth muscle cannot be consciously controlled, it behaves spontaneously.
To learn more about smooth muscle click here
brainly.com/question/1462286
#SPJ4
Which statement offers the best evidence that caring for a pet is proven to teach good habits to children?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which receptor fires continuously as long as a stimulation is applied?
Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc), Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Ruffini corpuscle), thermoreceptor, muscle spindles are the receptors fires continuously as long as a stimulation is applied. Thus, option b, f, g, h are correct.
what are the role of receptors?
Receptors are the sensing protein molecule which bind to specific molecule in cell called as ligand.
The ligand can be a drug or any endogenous molecule like neurotransmitters, hormones, etc.
Based on molecular structure and mode of action four major types of receptors are found such as G-protein coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channel receptors, Nuclear receptors, Kinase-linked receptors
Almost all the receptors have endogenous ligands such serotonin, acetylcholine etc.
Hence, option b, f, g, h are correct.
Learn more about receptor, here:
https://brainly.com/question/11985070
#SPJ4
Your question was incomplete. Hence the probable question was
Which receptor fires continuously as long as a stimulation is applied? Select all that apply.
a) Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
b) Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)
c) Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
d) Hair root receptor
e) Photoreceptor
f) Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Ruffini corpuscle)
g) thermoreceptor
h) muscle spindles
During a parasitic tapeworm infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of?
During a tapeworm infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of eosinophils. Neutrophils are most effective at: fighting a bacterial infection.
Leukocytes protect the body against invading microorganisms and body cells with mutated DNA, and they clean up debris. Platelets are essential for the repair of blood vessels when damage has occurred; they also provide growth factors for healing and repair.
The granules of eosinophils include antihistamine molecules, which counteract the activities of histamines, inflammatory chemicals produced by basophils and mast cells. Some eosinophil granules contain molecules toxic to parasitic worms, which can enter the body through the integument, or when an individual consumes raw or undercooked fish or meat which causes infection.
To learn more about eosinophils for parasitic infections, here
brainly.com/question/10688608
#SPJ4
In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to ____
In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to mechanical sound vibration.
What are hair cells?In auditory system, hair cells are the sensory receptors that transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy.
These electrical energy are further passed to the brainstem and auditory cortex with the help of auditory nerves.
These cells are reside in the organ of Corti of the cochlea of the inner ear. The inner hair cell act as typical receptor as it is highly myelinated.
The mechanism of sound amplification by hair cells is based on the intracellular calcium influx.
Learn more about sound wave, here:
https://brainly.com/question/21995826
#SPJ4
When muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful. this is now known to be caused by:_____.
The correct option is C.
The skeletal muscle will be painful and fatigued and the caused it build up of lactate.
What is skeletal muscle?Of the three major muscle tissues in the human body, skeletal muscle is one of them. The connective tissue sheaths that cover each of the thousands of muscle fibers that make up each skeletal muscle. The term "fasciculi" refers to the distinct bundles of muscular fibers that make up skeletal muscles.
What is lactate?It is a test that assesses the level of lactic acid, often known as "lactate," in your blood. Muscle cells and red blood cells produce this acid. When food is converted into energy by your body, it forms. In times of low oxygen levels, your body uses this energy.
Lactic acid has long been believed to be the cause of this acid buildup, known as acidosis, which is linked to the burning sensation experienced after vigorous exercise.
To know more about lactate visit:
https://brainly.com/question/6765994
#SPJ4
I understand that the question you are looking for is:
When skeletal muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful. This is now known to be caused by _____
A) a buildup of pyruvate.
B) an increase in ethanol.
C) a buildup of lactate.
D) an increase in sodium ions.
E) an increase in potassium ions.
It is now understood that the painful and fatigued symptoms of anaerobic respiration in muscles and skeletal muscle cells are brought on by a buildup of lactate. The accumulation of lactate will cause the skeletal muscle to become sore and exhausted.
What is Anaerobic respiration?Glucose is metabolized anaerobically, or without oxygen. Energy from glucose is transferred to the cell through the chemical process. Lactic acid is the end product of anaerobic respiration rather than carbon dioxide and water.
Learn more about Anaerobic respiration with the help of given link:
https://brainly.com/question/13943624
#SPJ4
Polysaccharide digestion and glycogen breakdown involve sequential cleavage from ________ ends of glucose polymers.
Sequential cleavage from the non-reducing terminals of glucose molecules is required for both glycogen degradation and polysaccharides hydrolysis.
Why non-reducing end is selected for digestion?
A polysaccharide's non-reducing end is the one where an anomeric carbon participates in the glycosidic connection. The elimination of carbohydrate remnants one at a time out from the non-reducing terminal occurs during glycogenolysis and polysaccharides hydrolysis.
For example, several enzymes are involved in glycogenolysis in the liver and muscle. An example of such an enzyme is glycogen phosphorylase, which catalyzes the successive dissociation of the alpha 1->4 glycosidic bond that connects two glucose molecules at a non-reducing terminal of glycogen. The last glucose residue is eliminated as alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.That is why non-reducing end of glucose is chosen for digestion or breakdown of the carbohydrate polymer.
Learn more about non-reducing here:
https://brainly.com/question/1832596
#SPJ4
Does the ability of chiromantis frogs to resist water loss most likely represent acclimatization or adaptation?
The ability of chiromantis frogs to resist water loss most likely represent Adaptation.
Most frogs sweat at the same rate that water evaporates from a surface of free water. Despite this, there is a remarkable variety of terrestrial settings where frogs can be found, including deserts. Most frogs have not evolved a resistance to cutaneous water loss due to the significance of moist skin for respiration is adaptation.
The rate of water loss in arboreal species, such as the genus Chiromantis, is extremely low and comparable to that of desert reptiles. The "water-proof" frogs are a phrase used to describe this species. It even consists of specialized guanine-rich chromatophores.
To learn more about adaptation click here
brainly.com/question/10146498
#SPJ4
Organisms use different types of adaptations to aid in their survival. many different types of animals hibernate throughout the winter. during hibernation, the animal's metabolism slows and its core temperature lowers. what is this process called? a. torpor b. sleep c. hyperactivity d. none of the above
Option (A) Torpor is the correct answer
Organisms that undergo hibernation have the ability to slow down their metabolism so as to lower the core temperature. This process is known as Torpor.
Why is torpor important for organisms undergoing hibernation?Torpor is a state in animals where they lower all their metabolic activities and bodily functions so as to keep the body temperature low.
It is done by the animals to conserve resources in conditions where scarcity of food is there.
Some birds undergo torpor to conserve fat in the body.
Some animals use this technique of torpor to survive competition with other species.
These organisms come back to normal physiology when the conditions become favorable.
Read more about torpor here:
https://brainly.com/question/10514311
#SPJ4
what is a polar molecule? Why is water considered polar?
Answer:
A polar molecule is usually formed when the one end of the molecule is said to possess more positive charges and whereas the opposite end of the molecule has negative charges, creating an electrical pole.
Water is polar because of the bent shape of the molecule. The unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the unsymmetrical shape of the molecule means that a water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side).
_____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and a deepening of the voice
Answer:
testosterone is the hormone associated with male puberty.
When a neurotransmitter causes the opening of chemically gated potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell, the postsynaptic potential that results is an_______.
A Final statement or concluding statement
When a neurotransmitter causes the opening of chemically gated potassium channels on the postsynaptic cell, the postsynaptic potential that results is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), which is a hyper polarization
What causes postsynaptic potential?Graded potentials are a feature of postsynaptic potentials. Neurotransmitters from the terminal bouton at the end of an axon are released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron, which causes these reactions.
What is IPSP?An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a type of synaptic potential that decreases the likelihood that an action potential will be produced by a postsynaptic neuron. The IPSP lowers the membrane potential of neurons and increases the likelihood that an action potential won't occur.
To learn more about Drug Abuse from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/14530959
#SPJ4
True or false the consumption of irradiated food during pregnancy can cause birth defects
Consumption of irradiated food during pregnancy can cause birth defects is false.
What are birth defects?Birth defect in pregnancy are the structural or functional abnormalities occur during intrauterine stage. It can be detected either prenatally or in infancy state.
The primary causes are genetic, Socioeconomic, Environmental and other factors.
Chromosomal abnormalities and single gene defects are the major genetic abnormality based birth defects, such as Down syndrome and cystic fibrosis etc.
When parents are related by their blood group can also leads to high risk of rare genetic birth defects.
Hence, the statement is false
Learn more about birth defect, here:
https://brainly.com/question/9483070
#SPJ4
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes become distinctly visible in the microscope?
Prophase of mitosis do the chromosomes become distinctly visible in the microscope.
During metaphase, the nucleus dissolves and the cell's chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell. At this stage, the chromosomes are distinguishable when viewed through a microscope. The first stage of mitosis and of meiosis I and II.
During prophase the chromosomes become visible as distinct structures, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and a spindle forms (Meiotic prophase I is more complex, and includes synapsis of homologous chromosomes and crossing over). During Prophase chromosomes become Clearly visible, nuclear envelope disappears, kinetochores and spindle fibers form.
To learn more about prophase , here
https://brainly.com/question/13883655
#SPJ4
what is enviroment and its importance?
the earth is the home of human being and other living organism this is possible due to the princess of favourable living condition which make up their environment.
the term environment refer to all external condition in which and living organism leave it come from the French word environ which mean to surround.
the significant environment charge that have occur during the earth history are surveyed in article geochronology.
environment are two types natural environment and human environment natural environment include and organism physical and biological environment also consist physical and environment and biological environment and human environment is formed by human being he is creation such as road are the social economic political other condition which he lives.
What is the function of gonads?
a. produce gametes and produce hormones
b. produce gametes transport gametes
c. produce hormones
d. none of the answers is correct
A. Produce gametes and produce hormones
The two major functions of the gonads in the adult are steroid hormone production and gametogenesis.
The gonads, the primary reproductive organs, are the testes in the male and the ovaries in the female. These organs are responsible for producing the sperm and ova, but they also secrete hormones and are considered to be endocrine glands.
Gonads are male sex glands. They produce sex hormones and sex cells. In the male, the interstitial cells of the testes produce and secrete the male sex hormone testosterone. This controls the development and function of the male secondary sex organs, as well as the secondary sexual characteristics.
To learn more about Gonads ,here
https://brainly.com/question/25896260
#SPJ4
High frequency vibration is sensed by muscle spindles which initiates a contraction in the surrounding muscle tissue. why?
High frequency vibration is sensed by muscle spindles which initiates a contraction in the surrounding muscle tissue because muscle spindles are falsely detecting a change in length.
Functionally, muscle spindles are stretch detectors. Vibration can cause muscle lengthening and shortening, potentially resulting in increased muscle tension due to a stretch reflex.
When a muscle is stretched, this change in length is transmitted to the spindles and their intrafusal fibers which are subsequently similarly stretched.
The responses of muscle spindles regulate the contraction of muscles, by activating motor neurons via the stretch reflex to resist muscle stretch.
To learn more about Muscle contractions on high frequency vibrations, here
brainly.com/question/14595927
#SPJ4
What is the probability that individual 1 is heterozygous? what is the probability that individual 3 is affected? what is the probability that individual 4 is affected?
The heterozygous probabilities will be 1/2; 1/4; 1/4
We can infer that since this is a rare characteristic, individual 1's mother is heterozygous and her father is homozygous for the wild type allele. The mother passed on an X to Individual 1, giving him or her a 50% chance of inheriting a mutant allele. Individual 3 has a 50% probability of inheriting the affected X chromosome from her mother if 1 is heterozygous, and a 100% chance of inheriting an affected X from her father. Individual 3 has a total probability of being impacted of 1/2, 1/2, and 1. There is a 50% possibility that the mother of person 4 carries an afflicted X and that she will pass it on to her son.The son receives only a Y chromosome from his father. The total probability in this case is 1/2 ×1/2.learn more about heterozygous here: https://brainly.com/question/3676361
#SPJ4
plsss help asap omg T-T
Breathing allows us to take in Oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
When we inhale the ribs expand and make room for the lungs to fill with air.
These are the only ones I know I am so sorry but I hope it helps.
The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a?
The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a Light microscope.
Basically, a Light microscope contains two subsystems: an illumination system for illuminating the sample as well as an imaging system which produces a magnified image of the sample after its interaction with light. The image thus formed can be viewed by the eye or through a camera.
Light from a source is focused onto the sample or object using a mirror and condenser lens. The light after passing through the sample is collected by an objective lens, forming an intermediate image which is finally imaged by the eyepiece lens and transmitted to the eye in the form of a magnified image of the sample.
To learn more about Light microscope
https://brainly.com/question/13884997
Teacher expectations generally impact the level of academic achievement a student can obtain. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
It is 'True' that, Teacher expectations generally impact the level of academic achievement.
Why does Teacher expectations generally impact the level of academic achievement a student can obtain?The most significant in-school element influencing student accomplishment is a student's teacher.
Due to this, over the past ten years, state officials have made an effort to improve the performance of educators, including mandating the deployment of new teacher assessment methods.
By employing objective student data and observational rubrics that evaluate crucial abilities, these systems aim to more effectively distinguish between high- and low-quality instruction.
To learn more about Teacher expectations from below link
https://brainly.com/question/4232596
#SPJ4
What is the difference between the bones of the cranium and the facial bones? cheg
Explanation:
The main difference between skull and cranium is that the skull is composed of both facial bones and the cranium whereas the cranium is the upper part of the skull, composed of bones that do not move.
...
Bones of the Cranium and their Role.
Which body system is NOT primarily responsible for maintaining the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
The nervous system is a body system that is NOT primarily responsible for maintaining the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
What is the nervous system?The nervous system is a body system that acts to transmit different signals such as neurotransmitters and electrical stimuli across parts of the body.
The nervous system is composed of the cerebrum (i.e., the brain) and also the spinal cord, which is connected to the peripherical nerves and sends information to the body muscles.
In conclusion, the nervous system is a body system that is NOT primarily responsible for maintaining the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Learn more about the nervous system here:
https://brainly.com/question/2114466
#SPJ1
Consider the relationship between monoculture farming and drug-resistant pathogens. how has the culture of capitalism created this relationship?
Monoculture farming is an agricultural practice which is solely based on single crop cultivation method.
Antimicrobial resistance shows an harmful effect include reduced food production, food security with higher economic losses to farm.
What do you mean by monoculture farming?
It a type of hyper-specialized farming system where a single type of crop is grown in a particular time like wheat, corn, soy, and rice are grown.
From farmers point of view, the advantage of this farming system are the gain of highly specialized expertise and knowledge for specific crop and make them more equipped to deal with pests.
The drawbacks include more difficulties in dealing with resistant related pest infestations.
Learn more about monoculture farming, here:
https://brainly.com/question/12800334
#SPJ4
A scientific claim answers a question or offers a solution to a problem. Reflect on the Encounter the Phenomenon question and brainstorm potential answers. Use your observations from the Inquiry Activity to formulate your claim about the phenomenon
A scientific claim is developed by answering questions raised through suitable hypotheses that allow making predictions, which can be tested by experimental procedures.
What is a scientific claim?A scientific claim is a body of knowledge obtained by answering the equation formulated through the observation of the real world.
These observations are capable of raising plausible explanations or hypotheses that can be tested (confirmed or rejected) by using the scientific method.
An inquiry activity may be, for example, the observation of the movement of a cylinder in aqueous solution.
In conclusion, a scientific claim is developed by answering questions raised through suitable hypotheses that allow making predictions, which can be tested by experimental procedures.
Learn more about the scientific method here:
https://brainly.com/question/17216882
#SPJ1
Which of the following are outcomes of refrigeration?
I. Less food waste
II. More food variety
III. Food lasts longer
A. I, II, and III
B. I and II
C. II and III
D. III only
Answer:
I'm pretty sure it's a. With refrigeration you do have more food variety, the food lasts longer so less waste.
Because most cigar and pipe smokers do not ______, as a group they have a lower risk of cancer than cigarette smokers.
Because most cigar and pipe smokers do not inhale the smoke , as a group they have a lower risk of cancer than cigarette smokers.
The cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco are made out of dried tobacco leaves. The other substances are usually added for flavor and to make smoking more gratifying. The smoke from these products is a complex mixture of chemicals produced by flaring tobacco and its additives.
There are at least 70 known chemicals to cause cancer. These cancer-causing chemicals are referred to as carcinogens.
It is so because cigars and pipes are usually believed to be less harmful way than to smoke tobacco. It was once a trend to use cigars in the 1990s, luring/dragging the young and the old.
Most of the people think cigars are less harmful to their health, but they actually pose the same risk for oral cancer as cigarettes do. Many cigar smokers don't inhale the smoke, but still the risk for oral, throat, and esophageal cancer is alike as for cigarette smokers.
To learn more about carcinogens here
https://brainly.com/question/984334
#SPJ4
