Overall, managing ethical implications in shifting to a virtual organization requires a proactive approach, clear policies, effective communication, and a commitment to upholding ethical values. Organizations that integrate the Christian worldview can draw from its principles to guide their ethical decision-making and create an environment that fosters integrity, fairness, and respect in the virtual work setting.
Shifting from a traditional organization to a virtual organization can raise various ethical implications, and it is crucial to address them proactively to ensure ethical practices are maintained. Some of the ethical considerations and ways to manage them include:
Privacy and Data Protection: In a virtual organization, handling sensitive information and data security become paramount. Organizations should establish robust data protection measures, such as secure communication channels, encryption, access controls, and regular audits. Implementing privacy policies and obtaining informed consent from employees and customers regarding data usage and sharing is also essential.
Work-Life Balance: Virtual organizations often blur the line between personal and professional life, potentially leading to longer work hours and increased stress. It is important to establish policies that promote work-life balance, set clear expectations regarding working hours, encourage breaks, and discourage excessive workloads. Providing resources for mental health support and encouraging open communication can contribute to a healthy work environment.
Fairness and Equity: Virtual work can impact fairness and equity, including issues related to job assignments, promotions, and access to opportunities. Organizations should ensure transparency in decision-making processes, establish clear criteria for evaluating performance, and provide equal opportunities for professional growth. Regular communication, training, and mentoring programs can help mitigate biases and foster an inclusive work culture.
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In relation to accounting for transactions denominated in foreign currency, an example of a monetary asset is : a. cash b. property c. plant O d. inventory
cash. In the context of accounting for transactions denominated in foreign currency, a monetary asset refers to an asset that is held in a form that is readily convertible into a fixed amount of cash.
Cash fits this definition perfectly, as it is the most liquid and readily convertible asset. Other options such as property, plant, and inventory are non-monetary assets that do not meet the criteria of being readily convertible into cash. While they may have value, they are not considered monetary assets in this specific context.
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Markus plans to attend a football match. The ticket costs 90 €, additional travel costs and parking are estimated at 20€. In order to attend this event Markus has to take a day off at his part-time job as a waiter. Normally he works 3 hours per day and receives 12 € per hour. Calculate opportunity cost of attending the football match for Markus.
The opportunity cost of attending the football match for Markus can be calculated by considering the value of the alternative activity he gives up, which is working at his part-time job. The opportunity cost for Markus to attend the football match is 36 €.
To calculate the opportunity cost, we need to determine the earnings Markus would have received if he had worked instead of attending the football match. He normally works 3 hours per day at a rate of 12 € per hour, so his earnings per day would be 3 hours * 12 €/hour = 36 €.
Since attending the football match requires him to take a day off, the opportunity cost is equal to the earnings he gives up by not working.
Therefore, the opportunity cost for Markus to attend the football match is 36 €.
In addition to the direct loss of earnings, we should also consider any additional costs associated with attending the match, such as the ticket price, travel costs, and parking fees. These costs should be factored in when determining the total opportunity cost of attending the event.
By considering the lost earnings from not working and any additional costs incurred, we can accurately calculate the opportunity cost of attending the football match for Markus.
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All of the following orders require written power of attorney except You determine whether to buy or sell 1,000 HIJ O Buy as many shares of XYZ as you think I can handle O Buy 5,000 shares of ABC whenever you think the price is right O Buy 2,000 shares of a utility company QUESTION 10 All of the following are payment plans for annuities EXCEPT) Periodic payment deferred Single payment immediate Periodic payment immediate Single payment deferred
All of the following orders require written power of attorney except O Buy 2,000 shares of a utility company. Long Answer Power of attorney is a legal document that authorizes another person to act on behalf of the person who has granted the power.
A power of attorney can be used for various purposes, such as selling a property, opening a bank account, or making investment decisions. It is important to note that some orders require a written power of attorney, while others do not. All of the following orders require written power of attorney except Buy 2,000 shares of a utility company.
This is because buying 2,000 shares of a utility company is a relatively small transaction that does not require a written power of attorney. However, the other orders listed in the question require a written power of attorney because they involve larger transactions that require the authority to act on behalf of the person who has granted the power. There are several payment plans for annuities, which are a type of investment that provides a guaranteed income stream. The payment plans for annuities are as follows Periodic payment immediate: The investor makes a lump-sum payment and receives regular payments immediately after the investment. Single payment immediate: The investor makes a single payment and receives regular payments immediately after the investment. Periodic payment deferred: The investor makes periodic payments and receives regular payments after a certain period of time. Single payment deferred: The investor makes a single payment and receives regular payments after a certain period of time. All of these payment plans provide investors with a way to receive a regular income stream, but they differ in terms of when the payments start and how the investment is made.
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i. Wasser Ltd provides the following information that relates to the year ended 31 December 2021:
Sales for the year $400,000
Discounts allowed to customers $ 7,000
Bad debts expense $ 10,000
Accounts receivable, 1 January 2021 $150,000
Accounts receivable, 31 December 2021 $170,000
Wasser Ltd uses the direct method. How much cash was received from customers during the year?
a. $403,000
b. $397,000
c. $383,000
d. $363,000
e. $370,000
The cash received from customers during the year is $397,000. To calculate the cash received from customers, we need to consider the sales, discounts allowed, and the change in accounts receivable.
The formula to calculate cash received using the direct method is:
Cash Received = Sales - Discounts Allowed + Increase in Accounts Receivable - Bad Debts Expense
Given:
Sales for the year = $400,000
Discounts allowed to customers = $7,000
Bad debts expense = $10,000
Accounts receivable, 1 January 2021 = $150,000
Accounts receivable, 31 December 2021 = $170,000
Substituting the values into the formula:
Cash Received = $400,000 - $7,000 + ($170,000 - $150,000) - $10,000
= $393,000 + $20,000 - $10,000
= $403,000 - $10,000
= $393,000
Therefore, the cash received from customers during the year is $393,000, which corresponds to option (b).
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Single-Period Inventory Model - Uniform Distribution Yummy Burritos (YB) sells gourmet burritos during the weekday lunch hour. Yummy Burritos charges $9.00 for each burrito and all burritos are made before the lunch crowd arrives. The burritos cost YB $2.80 each. For a high food safety standard, any burrito left at the end of the day is discarded. Based on YB's operations history over years, daily demand is known to be uniformly distributed from 58 to 87 burritos. You would need to show equations, steps, final results with units, and sketches for full credits. Quantity results are in rounded-up numbers of burritos. For simplicity, all taxes and other costs are not considered. (a)[3] To maximize expected profit, how many burritos should YB make every day (rounded up)? Calculate the corresponding effective service level (percentage with 1 decimal, e.g. 23.4%). (b)[2] Draw a sketch of the uniform demand distribution to illustrate the business situation in part (a). Make sure to have the relevant information in the sketch. (C)[3] To achieve roughly 80% service level, how many burritos should YB make every day (rounded up)? Calculate the corresponding effective service level (percentage with 1 decimal). (d) [2] Draw another sketch of the uniform demand distribution to illustrate part (c).
Yummy Burritos (YB) operates a single-period inventory model for selling gourmet burritos during the weekday lunch hour. The demand for burritos is uniformly distributed between 58 and 87. YB wants to determine the optimal number of burritos to make each day to maximize expected profit and achieve a desired service level.
(a) To maximize expected profit, YB needs to find the optimal quantity of burritos to make each day. The expected profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of each burrito from the selling price and multiplying it by the probability of demand for each quantity. YB should make the quantity that yields the highest expected profit. The effective service level is calculated as the percentage of demand that can be met by the available inventory. It is determined by finding the cumulative probability at the optimal quantity.
(b) A sketch of the uniform demand distribution can be drawn to visualize the business situation. The horizontal axis represents the quantity of burritos, and the vertical axis represents the probability density function. The range of demand from 58 to 87 can be marked on the horizontal axis, and the probability density function can be represented by a flat line.
(c) To achieve roughly 80% service level, YB needs to determine the quantity of burritos that corresponds to this level. This can be done by finding the cumulative probability that corresponds to 80% and identifying the corresponding quantity. The effective service level can be calculated by subtracting the cumulative probability from 1 and multiplying it by 100.
(d) Another sketch of the uniform demand distribution can be drawn to illustrate part (c). The horizontal axis represents the quantity of burritos, and the vertical axis represents the cumulative probability. The range of demand from 58 to 87 can be marked on the horizontal axis, and the cumulative probability can be represented by an increasing line that starts from 0 and reaches 1. The quantity corresponding to the desired service level can be marked on the horizontal axis.
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A and B were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 3:2. They admit C for 1/5th share and guarantee that his share of profits will not be less than $10,000. Total profits of the firm were $40,000. Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account
A and B are partners who share profits and losses in a ratio of 3:2. C was admitted for 1/5th share, with a guarantee that his share of profits would not be less than $10,000. The company's total profit was $40,000. To prepare the profit and loss appropriation account, the following steps must be taken:Step 1: Determine the net profit of the company.
In this scenario, the net profit of the company is $40,000.Step 2: Divide the net profit between the partners based on their profit sharing ratio.A's share = 3/5 of $40,000 = $24,000B's share = 2/5 of $40,000 = $16,000C's share = 1/5 of $40,000 = $8,000 (minimum guaranteed share)The total share of the partners is equal to $48,000 ($24,000 + $16,000 + $8,000)Step 3: Calculate the adjustment entry needed to provide C with a minimum profit of $10,000.
This adjustment entry is calculated as follows:Minimum guaranteed profit = $10,000Actual share of profit from the company = $8,000Deficiency = $2,000This deficiency is to be borne by the remaining partners, A and B. The deficiency is split in the same proportion as the profit sharing ratio. Thus, A and B would contribute in a ratio of 3:2.A's share of the deficiency = 3/5 * $2,000 = $1,200B's share of the deficiency = 2/5 * $2,000 = $800Step 4: Prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
To prepare the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account, follow the steps below: Appropriations C's share of profit8,000Deficiency to be borne by A and B1,200800Total appropriations9,000Balance carried down31,00031,000Total40,00040,000Hence, this is the preparation of the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.
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In a long-run equilibrium all firms in a perfectly competitive market will earn positive profits. True False Question 4 (1 point) The thoery of the firm presented in this chapter assumes that firms choose their level of output so as to maximize revenue maximize profit minimize total costs O minimize variable costs €
False. In a long-run equilibrium, all firms in a perfectly competitive market will earn zero economic profits.
This is because in the long run, new firms can enter the market, increasing competition and driving down prices, while existing firms can exit the market, decreasing competition and allowing prices to rise until profits reach zero. The theory of the firm presented in this chapter assumes that firms choose their level of output so as to maximize profit.
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financial information pulls together all the information presented in the other segments of the business.
Financial information serves as a comprehensive summary of the information presented in other segments of the business. It provides a consolidated view of the organization's financial performance, position, and cash flows.
Financial information plays a crucial role in business decision-making and is essential for understanding the overall health and performance of an organization. It encompasses various financial statements, such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, which provide a comprehensive view of the company's financial activities.
The income statement summarizes the revenues, expenses, and profitability of the business over a specific period, highlighting the company's financial performance. The balance sheet presents the organization's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity, indicating its financial position at a given point in time. The cash flow statement outlines the cash inflows and outflows, offering insights into the company's liquidity and ability to generate cash.
By pulling together information from other segments of the business, financial information enables stakeholders, including management, investors, lenders, and regulators, to assess the organization's financial health and make informed decisions. It helps in evaluating profitability, analyzing financial risks, assessing the efficiency of resource utilization, and determining the need for capital investments or financing. Overall, financial information serves as a comprehensive summary that facilitates transparency, accountability, and strategic planning within the business.
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On January 1, 2020 the Company purchased an equipment for $140,000 on credit and paid $10,000 for transportation of the equipment. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years. Residual value is estimated as zero. The Company uses double declining method for depreciation. On December 31, 2021, the Company sold the equipment at $50,000 and collected.
To calculate the depreciation expense for the equipment using the double declining balance method, we first need to determine the depreciation rate.
The formula to calculate the depreciation rate using the double declining balance method is:
Depreciation Rate = (2 / Useful Life) * 100
In this case, the useful life is 5 years. Plugging in the values, we can calculate the depreciation rate:
Depreciation Rate = (2 / 5) * 100 = 40%
Now, we can calculate the depreciation expense for each year:
Year 2020:
Depreciation Expense = (Beginning Book Value - Accumulated Depreciation) * Depreciation Rate
The beginning book value for 2020 is the initial cost of the equipment plus transportation costs, which is $140,000 + $10,000 = $150,000.
Accumulated Depreciation at the end of 2020 is 0 (since it's the first year).
Depreciation Expense for 2020 = ($150,000 - $0) * 40% = $60,000
Year 2021:
Beginning Book Value for 2021 = Beginning Book Value for 2020 - Accumulated Depreciation for 2020
Beginning Book Value for 2021 = $150,000 - $60,000 = $90,000
Accumulated Depreciation at the end of 2021 = Accumulated Depreciation for 2020 + Depreciation Expense for 2020
Accumulated Depreciation for 2020 = $60,000
Depreciation Expense for 2021 = ($90,000 - $60,000) * 40% = $12,000
To calculate the gain or loss on the sale of the equipment, we need to compare the selling price to the book value of the equipment at the time of sale.
Book Value at the end of 2021 = Beginning Book Value for 2021 - Accumulated Depreciation for 2021
Book Value at the end of 2021 = $90,000 - $12,000 = $78,000
Since the selling price is $50,000, we can calculate the loss on the sale:
Loss on Sale = Selling Price - Book Value
Loss on Sale = $50,000 - $78,000 = -$28,000 (negative value indicates a loss)
Therefore, the loss on the sale of the equipment is $28,000.
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Which of the following statements is false? O a. I use a shark as a metaphor for strategy because a cut-throat firm is able to beat its rivals. O b. Both new and established organizations can benefit from having a mission statement. O c. An organization's mission reflects its values and philosophy. O d. A firm's strategy involves decisions that relate to the firm's ability to compete and succeed in the marketplace. O e. none of the above
The false statement is: a. I use a shark as a metaphor for strategy because a cut-throat firm is able to beat its rivals. The false statement is that using a shark as a metaphor for strategy implies that a cut-throat firm is able to beat its rivals.
The use of a shark as a metaphor for strategy does not necessarily imply that a cut-throat firm is able to beat its rivals. While the metaphor of a shark can convey the idea of aggressiveness and competitiveness in business, strategy itself is not solely focused on cut-throat tactics. A successful strategy considers various factors such as market dynamics, customer needs, competitive advantage, and long-term sustainability. A well-developed strategy takes into account both the internal capabilities of the organization and the external environment in order to achieve its goals. Therefore, the use of a shark metaphor for strategy does not imply that a cut-throat firm is the only way to succeed.
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Which two of the following statements are true of the break-even chart?
Select more than one:
a) A business makes a profit where the revenue curve is below the total cost curve.
b) The break-even point is the point where the total cost curve intercepts the total revenue curve.
c) Margin of safety increases when the break-even point increases.
d) A business makes a loss when the total revenue curve is below the total cost curve.
The break-even point is the point where the total cost curve intercepts the total revenue curve. This means that at the break-even point, the total revenue generated equals the total cost incurred, resulting in zero profit or loss.
A business makes a loss when the total revenue curve is below the total cost curve. When the total revenue is less than the total cost, the business is operating at a loss. The larger the gap between the total revenue and total cost curves, the greater the loss incurred. A business makes a profit where the revenue curve is below the total cost curve. This statement is incorrect because a business makes a profit when the revenue curve is above the total cost curve, indicating that the revenue exceeds the cost.
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Which of the following statements is true? a. Shareholders are intricately involved in the success or failure of the organization while stakeholders are not b. Stakeholders are constituencies that influence and are influenced by the success of the business Shareholders are solely concerned about their financial rewards from the company C. d. B and c only
The statement that is true among the given options is option C: "Stakeholders are constituencies that influence and are influenced by the success of the business. Shareholders are solely concerned about their financial rewards from the company." This statement correctly highlights the distinction between shareholders and stakeholders.
Stakeholders are individuals or groups who have an interest or stake in the success of the business and can influence or be influenced by its actions and outcomes. They include employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and even the environment. Stakeholders have various concerns beyond just financial rewards and may prioritize factors such as social responsibility, sustainability, and ethical practices.
On the other hand, shareholders are individuals or entities that own shares or stocks in a company. They are typically concerned about maximizing their financial returns on their investments and may focus on factors such as profitability and stock value.
Option C correctly captures the essence of the relationship between stakeholders and shareholders, recognizing that stakeholders have a broader scope of influence and concerns beyond financial rewards, while shareholders primarily focus on their financial interests.
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QUESTION 13 Suppose the government amends labour laws to make it easier for firms to fire workers. This would: Definitely increase the vacancy rate. Definitely decrease the vacancy rate. Reduce the separation rate. Cause the BC curve to shift right. None of the above statements are correct. QUESTION 14 According to the Efficiency Wage Theory, which one of the following is NOT an incentive for firms to pay efficiency wages above he arket clearing wage rate? O a. Efficiency wages result in healthier workers. O b. Efficiency wages reduce staff turnover costs. O C. Efficiency wages reduce issues due to adverse selection. O d. •Efficiency wages increase worker effort. Oe. All of the reasons above are appropriate incentives for firms to pay efficiency wages.
The answer to the question is "Definitely decrease the vacancy rate." Suppose the government amends labour laws to make it easier for firms to fire workers. This would decrease job security and hence lower the separation rate.
However, job security is an important factor for workers to accept and stay at a job. Hence, lower job security would cause a decrease in the willingness of workers to supply labour. It would not increase the vacancy rate, nor would it cause the BC curve to shift right as these are contradictory to the argument presented. Therefore, definitely decrease the vacancy rate is the correct answer.
According to the Efficiency Wage Theory, the incentive for firms to pay efficiency wages above the market clearing wage rate is "All of the reasons above are appropriate incentives for firms to pay efficiency wages."Efficiency wages are paid by firms to motivate workers to put in their best effort and remain loyal to the company.
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Use the following information to prepare the June cash budget for Springer Company. It should show expected cash receipts and cash payments for the month and the cash balance expected on June 30. a. Beginning cash balance on June 1 is $52,000. b. Cash receipts from sales are expected to be $1,625,000. c. Cash payments for direct materials and direct labor are expected to be $246,500 and $573,100, respectively. d. Budgeted cash payments for variable overhead is $340,000. e. Budgeted depreciation, the only fixed overhead estimated for June: $24,000. f. Cash selling and administrative expenses budgeted for June are $282,000. g. Bank loan interest due in June: $8,000. i. Loan payment of $50,000 should be made if the preliminary cash balance is greater than $200,000.
The Springer Company cash budget for June is presented in the table below: the total cash balance expected on June 30 would be $203,400.
Cash ReceiptsSales (credit)$1,625,000Total Cash Receipts$1,625,000Cash PaymentsDirect Materials$246,500Direct Labor$573,100Variable Overhead$340,000Fixed Overhead$24,000Selling and Administrative Expenses$282,000Bank Loan Interest$8,000Loan Payment$0
Total Cash Payments$1,473,600Net Cash Inflows$151,400Cash BalanceJune 1$52,000Total Receipts$1,625,000Total Payments$1,473,600Net Inflows$151,400Cash Balance June 30$203,400Loan Payment$0If the preliminary cash balance is greater than $200,000, Springer Company will not make a loan payment in June. Therefore, the total cash balance expected on June 30 would be $203,400.
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QUESTION TWO [16 MARKS] Motion visual enterprise is contracted to complete a movie filming project predetermined to be completed in 18 months. The movie filming project budgeted R1 250 000. Eight (8) months have passed and R950 000 has been spent. Based on the current project progress report, 55% of the work has been completed. Given that the project's Earned Value (EV) is R680 000 and Present Value is R775 000, measure project performance by calculating the following: NB: Show all the calculations 2.1 Schedule variance (SV) and interpret the meaning of the movie filming project SV value. (1x4=4 marks) 2.2 Cost variance (CV) and interpret the meaning of the movie filming project CV value. (1x4=4 marks) 2.3 Assuming the movie filming project is behind schedule, as project manager, advise how you would utilise the following project management tools to get the project back to track. (a) Project crashing (2x2=4 marks) (b) Project fast-tracking (2x2=4 marks)
2.1 Schedule Variance (SV) for the movie filming project needs to be calculated. SV measures the variance between the earned value (EV) and the planned value (PV) to determine if the project is ahead or behind schedule. The interpretation of SV will depend on its positive or negative value.
2.1 Schedule Variance (SV) is calculated as SV = EV - PV. In this case, EV is given as R680,000, and PV can be calculated as 55% of the budgeted amount, which is R1,250,000 x 55% = R687,500. Therefore, SV = R680,000 - R687,500 = -R7,500. A negative SV indicates that the project is behind schedule by R7,500.
2.2 Cost Variance (CV) is calculated as CV = EV - AC. EV is given as R680,000, and AC is given as R950,000. Therefore, CV = R680,000 - R950,000 = -R270,000. A negative CV indicates that the project is over budget by R270,000.
2.3(a) Project crashing involves allocating additional resources to critical activities to speed up the project schedule. As the movie filming project is behind schedule, project crashing could involve hiring more crew members or equipment to accelerate the filming process, thereby reducing the project duration.
2.3(b) Project fast-tracking involves overlapping or executing certain project activities in parallel to compress the schedule. In the context of the movie filming project, fast-tracking could involve starting post-production work or editing concurrently with the filming process to reduce overall project duration. Both project crashing and project fast-tracking aim to accelerate the project schedule and bring it back on track. The choice between these techniques depends on various factors such as resource availability, budget constraints, and potential risks associated with compressed timelines. The project manager should carefully evaluate these factors and select the most appropriate approach to expedite the movie filming project's completion.
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For an MPS item, POH0 was equal to 724 units, and the earliest an arrival quantity is scheduled for Week 4. These were the booked orders as they stood moments before you picked up your desk phone ...
Week 1 2 3
Booked Orders 137 149 150
Suppose that on that phone call you booked an order for 50 units for delivery in Week 2. Assuming nobody else booked any orders, what would be the updated Available-to-Promise value for the Week 1 to Week 3 window?
The updated Available-to-Promise (ATP) value for the Week 1 to Week 3 window would be 525 units.
To calculate the updated ATP value, we need to consider the initial POH0 (Project on Hand at the beginning of Week 1) and the booked orders up until Week 3. The initial POH0 was 724 units. Before the phone call, the booked orders for Week 1, Week 2, and Week 3 were 137, 149, and 150 units, respectively. Considering that nobody else booked any orders, after booking an order for 50 units to be delivered in Week 2, the updated booked orders for Week 1 and Week 3 remain the same.
To calculate the updated ATP, we subtract the booked orders from the initial POH0. The booked orders for Week 1 and Week 3 do not change, so the ATP value for those weeks remains unchanged. However, the booked order for Week 2 reduces the available quantity. Therefore, the updated ATP value for the Week 1 to Week 3 window would be: POH0 - Booked Orders = 724 - (137 + 50 + 150) = 387 units.
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Warriner Corporation has two divisions. The Fabrication Division transfers partially completed components to the Assembly Division at a predetermined transfer price. The Fabrication Division’s production costs per unit include $300 of variable production costs and $40 of applied fixed overhead costs. The Fabrication Division has no spare capacity, and it could sell all of its components to outside buyers at $380 per unit in a perfectly competitive market. The Assembly Division incurs variable costs of $100 in addition to the transfer price for the Fabrication Division’s components and sells its finished products at $530 per unit.
Required:
1. Determine a transfer price using the general rule. (1 mark)
2. How would the transfer price change if the Fabrication Division has spare capacity? (1 mark)
3. Assume that a transfer price has been set as the Fabrication Division’s absorption cost plus a 10% markup and both divisions have spare capacity. The Assembly Division has a special offer of $465 per unit for its product.
a. Calculate the transfer price. (1 mark)
b. Is this special offer in the best interests of Warriner Corporation as a whole? Why? (2 marks)
c. Would an autonomous Assembly Division’s manager accept or reject the special offer? Is this decision in the best interests of Warriner Corporation as a whole? Explain. (2 marks)
d. How could the situation be remedied using the transfer price?
1. The transfer price using the general rule would be $340 per unit, which is the variable production cost of the Fabrication Division plus the opportunity cost of selling to outside buyers.
2. If the Fabrication Division has spare capacity, the transfer price would be equal to the variable production cost of $300 per unit, as there is no opportunity cost of selling to outside buyers.
3a. The transfer price would be the absorption cost of $340 per unit (variable production cost plus applied fixed overhead) plus a 10% markup.
b. No, the special offer of $465 per unit is not in the best interests of Warriner Corporation as a whole. The transfer price is higher than the special offer price, leading to a loss for the corporation.
c. The autonomous Assembly Division's manager would reject the special offer. This decision is in the best interests of Warriner Corporation as a whole because accepting the offer would result in a loss compared to the transfer price.
d. The situation could be remedied by either negotiating a higher selling price for the Assembly Division's product or adjusting the transfer price to ensure profitability for the corporation as a whole.
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The director of a state agency claims (hypothesis testing) that the average starting salary for clerical employees in the state is $30,000 per year. A non-governmental organization tested this claim by collecting a sample of 101 starting salaries of clerks from across the state and reported that the sample mean was $29,750 and sample standard deviation was $2,500. Is there an evidence that the average starting salary is less than $30,000? Assume level the significance a = 0.05.
Answer:
To determine if there is evidence that the average starting salary is less than $30,000, we can conduct a hypothesis test.
Explanation:
State the null and alternative hypotheses:
Null hypothesis (H0): The average starting salary for clerical employees is $30,000.
Alternative hypothesis (Ha): The average starting salary for clerical employees is less than $30,000.
Compute the test statistic:
The test statistic for this hypothesis test is the t-statistic, which measures how far the sample mean deviates from the hypothesized population mean.
t = (sample mean - hypothesized mean) / (sample standard deviation / √sample size)
t = ($29,750 - $30,000) / ($2,500 / √101)
t = -$250 / ($2,500 / 10.05)
t = -1.005
Determine the critical value and decision rule:
Since the alternative hypothesis is one-tailed (less than), we need to find the critical value from the t-distribution table for a significance level of 0.05 and degrees of freedom (df) equal to the sample size minus 1 (df = 101 - 1 = 100). Looking up the critical value, we find t_critical = -1.660.
The decision rule is: If the test statistic (t) is less than the critical value (t_critical), reject the null hypothesis; otherwise, fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Make a decision:
The test statistic (-1.005) is greater than the critical value (-1.660). Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Conclusion:
Based on the sample data and the hypothesis test, there is not enough evidence to conclude that the average starting salary for clerical employees is less than $30,000.
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1. Use the following information to answer the questions below. Bank reserves are $200, the public holds $400 in currency, and the reserve/deposit ratio is 0.25 a. What is the value of Bank Deposits b. What is the value of the Money Supply
A. 200; 600
B. 400; 800
C. 600; 1,000
D. 800; 1,200
Bank reserves are $200, the public holds $400 in currency, and the reserve/deposit ratio is 0.25 . Therefore, the answer is D. the value of Bank Deposits 800; the value of the Money Supply 1,200.
a. The value of Bank Deposits = Bank reserves / Reserve/deposit ratio. We are given that Bank reserves are $200, the reserve/deposit ratio is 0.25, so the value of Bank Deposits can be calculated as follows: Bank Deposits = 200 / 0.25= $<<200/0.25=800>>800b. The value of the Money Supply = Bank Deposits + Currency held by the public.
The currency held by the public is $400, which means that the value of the Money Supply can be calculated as follows: Money Supply = Bank Deposits + Currency held by the public= $800 + $400= $<<800+400=1200>>1200. Therefore, the answer is D. 800; 1,200.
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Which of the following is the date to record dividends (a contra account to retained earnings) in case of cash dividends? a. Dividends payment date b. Date of closing stockholeders' record C. Date of declaration date FOSE 2
The date to record dividends (a contra account to retained earnings) in case of cash dividends is Dividends payment date.
Dividends:
A dividend is a distribution of profits by a corporation to its shareholders. Dividends are a way for shareholders to share in the profits of a company. The board of directors of a corporation declares dividends, and shareholders are paid based on the number of shares they own.
There are two types of dividends: cash and stock. A company pays cash dividends in cash, while it pays stock dividends in additional shares of stock.
A contra account is an account that offsets another account. It is recorded in the opposite direction of its counterpart account, hence the name "contra." The contra account for retained earnings is dividends. Dividends represent a portion of a company's earnings that have been distributed to shareholders. The dividends account is a contra account to retained earnings because it reduces the amount of retained earnings.
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2. Robinson and Friday enjoy eating coconuts. Robinson's demand for coconuts is P = 12 - Q, and Friday's demand is 4Q P = 12- 3 where P is price and Q is quantity. The supply of coconuts is Q = P. a. Derive the market demand curve. [5 points] b. Derive the equilibrium price and quantity. [5 points] c. Draw an accurate supply and demand graph and label the equilibrium. [5 points] d. Calculate the price elasticity of demand using the mid-point method when the price increases 5% from its equilibrium. [5 points] e. Calculate the price elasticity of supply using the mid-point method when the quantity increases 5% from its equilibrium. [5 points]
the price elasticity of supply is undefined as ΔP = 0.
a. Market demand curve,
We are given that Robinson's demand for coconuts is P = 12 - Q and Friday's demand is 4Q P = 12- 3 where P is price and Q is quantity.
Market demand is the sum of the individual demand curves.
Hence, the market demand curve is: P = 12 - Q + 12 - 3Q, which simplifies to P = 24 - 4Q.
b. Equilibrium price and quantity The equilibrium is where demand equals supply.
Supply is Q = P. Equating the market demand and supply equations, we get: Q = 24 - 4Q.
Solving for Q, we get Q = 6. Substituting Q = 6 in the supply equation, we get P = 6.
Therefore, the equilibrium price is 6 and the equilibrium quantity is 6.
c. Supply and demand graph.
The supply and demand graph is shown below.
The equilibrium is labeled (6, 6).
d. Price elasticity of demand, The price elasticity of demand using the mid-point method is given by:
E = (ΔQ / (Q1 + Q2)/2) / (ΔP / (P1 + P2)/2)
We are given that the price increases 5% from its equilibrium.
Hence, P1 = 6 and P2 = 1.05 * 6 = 6.30.
The corresponding quantities can be calculated using the demand equations:
Q1 = 24 - 4(6) = 0 and Q2 = 24 - 4(6.30) = -0.2.
Taking the absolute values, we get Q1 = 0 and Q2 = 0.2.
Substituting the values in the formula, we get:
E = (0.2 / (0 + 0.2)/2) / (0.30 / (6 + 6.30)/2) = 0.2 / 0.30 = 0.67.
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand is 0.67.e. Price elasticity of supply, The price elasticity of supply using the mid-point method is given by:
E = (ΔQ / (Q1 + Q2)/2) / (ΔP / (P1 + P2)/2)
We are given that the quantity increases 5% from its equilibrium.
Hence, Q1 = 6 and Q2 = 1.05 * 6 = 6.3.
The corresponding prices can be calculated using the supply equation: P1 = 6 and P2 = 6.
Taking the absolute values, we get ΔQ = 0.3 and ΔP = 0.
Therefore, the price elasticity of supply is undefined as ΔP = 0.
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West Corporation will pay a dividend of $2.50 per share next year on its common stock The growth rate of the company is estimated to be 3 percent per year Indefinitely. It the required return is 12 percent. what should be the intrinsic value of the common stock? 54623 $27.78 $32.07 52895
West Corporation pays a dividend of $2.50 per share next year on its common stock. The growth rate of the company is estimated to be 3% per year indefinitely. If the required return is 12%.
what should be the intrinsic value of the common stock?The constant growth stock valuation formula is used to calculate the intrinsic value of the common stock. It is:P = D1 / (r - g)Where:P = intrinsic value of the common stockD1 = Dividend for the next yearr = required rate of returng = constant growth rateNow, putting the values in the formula:P = $2.50 / (12% - 3%)P = $2.50 / 9%P = $27.78Thus, the intrinsic value of the common stock should be $27.78. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
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In the 1960s and 1970s, the Federal Reserve System lost member banks at a rapid rate. How can the theory of bureaucratic behavior explain the Fed's campaign for legislation to require all commercial banks to become members? Was the Fed successful in this campaign?
The theory of bureaucratic behavior can explain the Federal Reserve campaign for legislation to require all commercial banks to become members as a response to the loss of member banks during the 1960s and 1970s.
Bureaucracies, such as the Federal Reserve, strive to expand their influence, control, and resources. The loss of member banks meant a decrease in the Federal Reserve's control over the banking system and a potential reduction in its resources. To counter this, the Federal Reserve sought legislation to require all commercial banks to become members. By doing so, they aimed to regain control over a larger portion of the banking sector and increase their resources and influence.
Regarding the success of this campaign, it would depend on the specific context and timeframe being considered. The Federal Reserve did push for legislation to expand membership, and over time, it did manage to increase the number of member banks. However, it is important to note that the specific outcomes and level of success can vary across different regions and periods. Factors such as changes in banking regulations, economic conditions, and the willingness of banks to join can influence the effectiveness of the Federal Reserve's campaign. Further analysis of historical records and data would be needed to determine the overall success and impact of the campaign.
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In attracting more ISP contracts, the Telecom Net Inc. management has decided to increase its marketing and sales expenses from $28 million to $40 million in order to achieve the target sales revenue of $265 million at a percentage gross profit margin of 68%. To assess this marketing performance, calculate marketing return on sales (ROS) and marketing return on investment (ROI) for this marketing decision?
In order to attract more ISP contracts, the management of Telecom Net Inc. has decided to increase its marketing and sales expenses from $28 million to $40 million to attain the target sales revenue of $265 million at a percentage gross profit margin of 68%.
Marketing return on sales (ROS)Marketing return on sales (ROS) is a metric that measures the company's marketing effectiveness. It measures the percentage of each dollar of sales revenue that is available for future marketing expenditures.ROS = Net Income/Sales Revenue × 100Marketing ROS of Telecom Net Inc.= (0.68 × 265,000,000 − 40,000,000)/265,000,000 × 100= 43.02%Marketing return on investment (ROI)Marketing ROI is a measure that assesses the company's marketing effectiveness and profitability.
It measures how much revenue was generated by marketing initiatives compared to the cost of those initiatives.ROI = (Gain from investment - Cost of investment)/Cost of investment × 100Marketing ROI of Telecom Net Inc.= (0.68 × 265,000,000 − 40,000,000 − 28,000,000)/28,000,000 × 100= 96.43%Telecom Net Inc. is estimated to have a marketing return on sales of 43.02 percent and a marketing return on investment of 96.43 percent, based on its management's marketing decision to increase its marketing and sales expenses from $28 million to $40 million.
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A company has a beta of 1.1. The risk free rate is 5.6%, and the
equity risk premium is 6%. The company’s current dividend is $2.00.
The current price of its stock is $40.
What is the company’s re
The company's required return on equity (re) can be calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The company's required return on equity is 12.2%
The required return on equity (re) can be calculated using the CAPM formula: re = Risk-Free Rate + (Beta × Equity Risk Premium). In this case, the beta is given as 1.1, the risk-free rate is 5.6%, and the equity risk premium is 6%.
Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the required return on equity: re = 5.6% + (1.1 × 6%) = 5.6% + 6.6% = 12.2%.
Therefore, the company's required return on equity is 12.2%. This indicates the minimum return that the company needs to generate in order to compensate its shareholders for the risk associated with their investment. It reflects the riskiness of the company's stock compared to the overall market, as represented by the beta. Investors would expect a return on their investment that is at least equal to the required return on equity in order to consider investing in the company's stock.
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Why Boeing moved their headquarters to Arlington, Virginia? Is
there any political reasons behind this move?
Boeing moved its headquarters from Seattle, Washington to Arlington, Virginia in 2001. The decision was primarily driven by strategic reasons related to the company's business operations and customer base. While political factors may have played a role in the decision-making process, they were not the primary motivation behind the move.
Boeing's relocation of its headquarters to Arlington, Virginia was primarily driven by strategic considerations. The company sought to be closer to its major customers, which include the U.S. Department of Defense and other government agencies. Arlington, Virginia, located near Washington D.C., offered proximity to key decision-makers and a favorable business environment for the aerospace industry.
While political factors could have influenced the decision, they were not the main driving force. Boeing's move aimed to strengthen its relationships with government clients, facilitate easier access to policymakers, and enhance its position in the defense and aerospace sectors. By being closer to key stakeholders and decision-makers, Boeing could better understand the needs and priorities of its customers and align its business operations accordingly.
It is important to note that business decisions, especially ones of such magnitude as relocating a company's headquarters, are often multifaceted and involve a range of considerations. While political factors could have influenced Boeing's decision to some extent, the primary reasons for the move were strategic in nature, focusing on enhancing business operations and strengthening customer relationships rather than being solely driven by political motivations.
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When aggregate expenditure is equal to GDP, OA. inventories rise, and GDP and employment decrease. B. inventories are unchanged, and the economy is in macroeconomic equilibrium. C. inventories fall, and GDP and employment increase. D. There is not enough information to determine what will happen to inventories and GDP.
When aggregate expenditure is equal to GDP, inventories are unchanged, and the economy is in macroeconomic equilibrium. Therefore, option B. is the correct answer.What is aggregate expenditure?Aggregate expenditure (AE) refers to the sum of all the final goods and services produced in an economy and sold at a given price level.
It is also known as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the national income accounting context.What is macroeconomic equilibrium?The macroeconomic equilibrium occurs when aggregate demand and aggregate supply intersect, and there is no surplus or shortage in the market.
In other words, when AE and GDP are equal, and the economy is operating at full capacity, it is in macroeconomic equilibrium.
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On May 1, 2022, Carlo and Jamie formed a partnership by contributing ₱500,000 each.
In addition to Carlo’s cash contribution, he invested furniture and fixtures costing ₱150,000 but with an agreed value of P80,000.
Moreover, Jamie invested land with a fair value of ₱1,200,000 but with professional appraiser's value of ₱1,110,000 subject to unpaid mortgage of ₱250,000.
Profit or loss is to be shared equally between the partners.
How much will be the total capitalization of the partnership after the investment of Carlo and Jamie?
Question 32 2 pts
Carlo invested the following in the partnership being formed with Jamie:
Cash of P60,000;
Land of P200,000 with an appraised value of P410,000;
Store furniture costing P40,000 less accumulated depreciation of P10,000;
Mortgage note payable P15,000 plus accrued interest for a year at 18%.
The mortgage note is to be assumed by the partnership together with any unpaid interest incurred on the note.
How much will be Carlo’s initial capital on the partnership being formed?
Question 332 pts
On May 1, 2022, Carlo and Jamie formed a partnership agreeing to share profits and losses in the ratio of 2:3 respectively.
Jamie invested a parcel of land that cost her P250,000.
Carlo invested P300,000 cash.
The land was sold for P500,000 on the same date, three hours after formation of the partnership.
How much should be the initial total capitalization of the partnership?
Question 342 pts
Carlo runs a butcher shop, Carlo Angus MNL, in Manila.
Jamie, a close friend who lives in Makati, wanted to put up another Angus store in Makati on May 1, 2022.
They agreed to form CABLES Partnership where Jamie will invest cash so that she can have a 40% interest in the partnership.
On April 30, 2022, Carlo Angus MNL had the following account balances:
DEBIT
CREDIT
Cash
200,000
Accounts Receivable
150,000
Inventory
100,000
Accounts Payable
85,000
Carlo, Capital
365,000
Carlo and Jamie agreed on the following conditions:
An allowance for doubtful accounts worth ₱30,000 is to be established; and
Inventories must be valued at their current replacement cost of P95,000.
How much is Jamie’s investment in the partnership?
Question 1:On May 1, 2022, Carlo and Jamie formed a partnership by contributing ₱500,000 each. In addition to Carlo’s cash contribution, he invested furniture and fixtures costing ₱150,000 but with an agreed value of P80,000.
The total capitalization of the partnership after the investment of Carlo and Jamie is the sum of their capital contributions as well as their investments in the business. The total capitalization of the partnership is P500,000 + P500,000 + P80,000 + P1,110,000 - P250,000 = P1,940,000. The computation is shown below:Carlo's capital = P500,000 + P80,000 = P580,000Jamie's capital = P500,000 + P1,110,000 - P250,000 = P1,360,000Total capitalization = P580,000 + P1,360,000 = P1,940,000Therefore, the total capitalization of the partnership after the investment of Carlo and Jamie is P1,940,000.
Carlo's initial capital on the partnership being formed can be computed as follows:Cash contribution = P60,000Land investment = P200,000 / 2 = P100,000Store furniture investment = P40,000 - P10,000 = P30,000Total capital = Cash contribution + Land investment + Store furniture investment = P60,000 + P100,000 + P30,000 = P190,000Less: Portion of mortgage payable to be assumed by Carlo = P15,000 + (P15,000 x 18% x 1) = P17,700Carlo's initial capital = Total capital - Amount of mortgage to be assumed by Carlo = P190,000 - P17,700 = P172,300Therefore, Carlo's initial capital on the partnership being formed is P172,300.
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create an article that could be shared online that defines key terms, explains fundamental concepts, and shares relevant examples as to why domestic businesses should consider expansion into global markets. the article should have a brief introduction that explains what readers will gain from the post, a body that provides content supported with textual evidence from the course resources, and a conclusion that summarizes key takeaways for the reader.
Expanding globally can be a complex process, but the benefits can be significant. By understanding key terms and fundamental concepts, businesses can increase their chances of success in foreign markets. Some of the most important concepts to consider include cultural differences and legal differences. Despite these challenges, the benefits of global expansion include access to new markets, diversified revenue streams, and increased brand recognition. By carefully considering these factors and developing a comprehensive international expansion strategy, businesses can achieve success in foreign markets.
As the world becomes more interconnected, it is increasingly important for businesses to consider global expansion opportunities. This article aims to define key terms, explain fundamental concepts, and provide relevant examples as to why domestic businesses should consider expansion into global markets. By the end of this post, readers will have a better understanding of the benefits and challenges of international expansion.
The benefits of expanding globally are numerous, including access to new markets, diversified revenue streams, and increased brand recognition. However, the process of expanding globally can be complex and requires a comprehensive understanding of the foreign market. In this article, we will explore the key terms and fundamental concepts that are necessary for successful international expansion.
One of the key terms that is essential to understand when considering global expansion is cultural differences. Cultural differences can manifest in many ways, including language barriers, differences in social norms, and variations in consumer behavior. These differences can be a significant obstacle for businesses that are attempting to enter a new market. One example of this is McDonald's failed attempt to expand into Iceland in the 1990s. Despite being a popular brand in other countries, McDonald's was unable to succeed in Iceland due to cultural differences. Icelandic consumers preferred local fast food options, and McDonald's was unable to adapt its menu to meet these preferences.
Another important concept to consider is legal differences. Each country has its own set of laws and regulations, and these can vary significantly from those in the domestic market. For example, China has strict regulations around data privacy, which can be a significant challenge for businesses that rely on collecting and analyzing customer data. Similarly, countries in the European Union have strict regulations around product safety, and businesses that are unable to comply with these regulations will be unable to enter the market.
Despite these challenges, there are many benefits to expanding globally. One of the most significant benefits is access to new markets. By expanding into new markets, businesses can access a larger customer base and diversify their revenue streams. This can be particularly valuable for businesses that are operating in a saturated domestic market. Additionally, expanding globally can increase brand recognition and improve a company's reputation.
Expanding globally can be a complex process, but the benefits can be significant. By understanding key terms and fundamental concepts, businesses can increase their chances of success in foreign markets. Some of the most important concepts to consider include cultural differences and legal differences. Despite these challenges, the benefits of global expansion include access to new markets, diversified revenue streams, and increased brand recognition. By carefully considering these factors and developing a comprehensive international expansion strategy, businesses can achieve success in foreign markets.
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discuss the concept and importance of new product development as a
strategic and competitive action
New product development (NPD) refers to the process of creating and introducing new products or services into the market.
It is a crucial strategic and competitive action for businesses across industries. NPD involves identifying market opportunities, generating ideas, designing and developing the product, testing and refining it, and finally launching it to the market. Here are some key aspects of the concept and importance of new product development:
Market Expansion: NPD allows companies to expand their market reach by introducing new products that cater to different customer needs or target new customer segments. By offering a broader range of products, companies can capture additional market share and increase their revenue potential.
Competitive Advantage: NPD helps companies gain a competitive edge over their rivals. By constantly innovating and introducing new products, companies can differentiate themselves from competitors and create a unique selling proposition. This differentiation can lead to increased customer loyalty, higher market share, and enhanced profitability.
Growth and Revenue Generation: Introducing new products is a key driver of business growth. NPD enables companies to tap into unexplored markets, launch improved versions of existing products, or create entirely new categories. Successful new products can generate substantial revenue streams, contribute to overall business growth, and offset declining sales of older products.
Adaptation to Changing Market Trends: Markets are dynamic, and customer preferences and needs evolve over time. NPD allows companies to stay relevant by adapting to changing market trends. By monitoring customer feedback, market research, and emerging technologies, companies can develop products that address emerging needs and align with evolving customer expectations.
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