To stay in a circular orbit at a specific distance, the satellite must have a speed that is three times the square root of that distance. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
The speed of a satellite in a circular orbit around a planet can be determined by equating the centripetal force required to keep the satellite in orbit with the gravitational force of the planet on the satellite.
The centripetal force is given by [tex]F = mv^2/r[/tex], where m is the mass of the satellite, v is its speed, and r is the distance from the center of the planet.
The gravitational force is given by [tex]F = G(Mm)/r^2[/tex], where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the planet, and m is the mass of the satellite. Equating these two forces and solving for v gives [tex]v = \sqrt{(GM/r)}[/tex]
Substituting the given values for g = 9 m/s² and r, we get [tex]v = \sqrt{(gr)}[/tex], which simplifies to [tex]v = \sqrt{(9r)} = 3\sqrt{r}[/tex].
Therefore, the correct answer is v = 3r. This means that the speed of the satellite must be three times the square root of the distance from the center of the planet to remain in a circular orbit at that distance.
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Identify what is being described in each sentence
Conductor, solar energy, power, solid wire, nonconductor or insulator power supply unit, stranded, conductor, fuse, LED , switch, may being described in each sentence.
Material with resistance to electricity, heat and sound.Device that requires energy to operate.Energy generating object that cannot dissipate energy.Type of wire made up of a single piece of metal.Material that allows the flow of electrical current, heat and sound.Computer hardware responsible for supplying power.Conductor made up of multiple small strands.Safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from excessive current.Semiconductor that illuminates with electrical charge.Device used to interrupt and transfer electric current.The complete question is ,
Direction: Identify what is being described in each sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It resists electricity, heat and sound. 2. It requires a source of energy for its operation.
3. It generates energy but can't dissipate energy.
4. It is a type of wire assembled in a single piece of metal.
5. It permits electrical current, heat and sound to flow freely.
6. It is a computer hardware responsible in supplying power.
7. It is made up of multiple small strands that make-up a single conductor
8. It is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from cxcessive current. 9. It is a semiconductor that illuminates when an electrical charge passes through it.
10. It is a device used to break an electric current and transfer it to another conductor.
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how friction oppse motion
Answer:
setting a stationary body in motion.
Explanation:
like a stationary car will start moving when driving force is applied
A shell that is initially at rest explodes into two fragments, one fragment 25 times heavier than the other. If any gas from the explosion has negligible mass, then:.
The larger fragment moves at 1/25th the velocity of the smaller fragment.
By conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the system before and after the explosion must be equal. Since the shell is initially at rest, the total initial momentum is zero. After the explosion, the two fragments move in opposite directions with different velocities. Let the mass of the smaller fragment be m and the mass of the larger fragment be 25m. Then, by conservation of momentum:
0 = mv + (25m)(-v')
0 = v - 25v'
where v and v' are the velocities of the smaller and larger fragments, respectively, after the explosion. Solving for v', we get:
v' = v/25
Since the total kinetic energy of the system is also conserved, we can use the conservation of energy equation to solve for the velocities of the two fragments. Let E be the total kinetic energy of the system after the explosion. Then:
E = (1/2)mv^2 + (1/2)(25m)(v/25)^2
E = (1/2)mv^2 + (1/2)mv^2
E = mv^2
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the system after the explosion is equal to the kinetic energy of the smaller fragment before the explosion. Using this, we can solve for the velocity of the smaller fragment:
E = (1/2)mv^2
v = sqrt(2E/m)
And the velocity of the larger fragment is:
v' = v/25 = sqrt(2E/m)/25
So, the ratio of the velocities of the two fragments is:
v'/v = (sqrt(2E/m)/25) / sqrt(2E/m) = 1/25
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How old was isaac newton when in 1666 he formulated the theory of universal gravity?
Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643, in England. He was 23 years old when he formulated the theory of universal gravity in 1666.
This was during a period when he was isolating himself to avoid the bubonic plague outbreak that was ravaging England at that time.
While in isolation, Newton engaged in extensive scientific research and discovered the laws of motion, optics, and gravity.
His theory of universal gravitation proposed that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
This theory revolutionized the field of physics and remains a fundamental concept in modern science.
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Waves in a lake are 5 meters in length and pass an anchored boat 2 seconds apart. What is the speed of the waves?
The speed of the waves passing the anchored boat can be calculated using the formula Speed = Wavelength / Period. With a wavelength of 5 meters and a period of 2 seconds, the speed of the waves is 2.5 meters per second.
The speed of the waves can be determined by the formula:
Speed = Wavelength / Period
Where wavelength is the distance between two consecutive wave crests, and period is the time it takes for two consecutive wave crests to pass a fixed point (in this case, the anchored boat).
We know that the wavelength of the waves is 5 meters. We also know that the period is 2 seconds. Therefore:
Speed = 5 meters / 2 seconds = 2.5 meters/second
So the speed of the waves is 2.5 meters per second.
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Marci drops a ball off the top of the Empire state building. How fast is the ball traveling after 4 seconds? (assuming there is no air)
Answer:We can use the kinematic equation:
v = vo + at
where:
v = final velocity (what we want to find)
vo = initial velocity (which is zero since the ball is dropped)
a = acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2, negative since it is acting in the opposite direction of the ball's motion)
t = time (4 seconds)
Substituting the values, we get:
v = 0 + (-9.8 m/s^2)(4 s)
v = -39.2 m/s
Note that the negative sign indicates that the ball is moving downward.
Explanation:
Instruction: Answer all questions Time: 1. 5hrs An electron is placed in a uniform electric field with field strength of 150kvm Calculate the duration for it to travel 30mm from its stationary Position Give an explanation for your answer.
The duration for the electron to travel 30 mm in a uniform electric field with a field strength of 150 kV/m is approximately 6.37 x 10⁻⁸ seconds.
What is acceleration?The rate at which velocity changes with respect to time.
To solve this problem, we can use the equation for the acceleration of an electron in an electric field:
a = F/m = qE/m
where a is the acceleration, F is the force, m is the mass of the electron, q is the charge of the electron, and E is the electric field strength.
We can rearrange this equation to solve for the time it takes for the electron to travel a certain distance:
t = √(2d/a)
where d is the distance traveled.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
a = (1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹ C)(150 x 10³ V/m)/(9.109 x 10⁻³¹ kg) = 2.62 x 10¹⁴ m/s²
d = 30 mm = 0.03 m
t = √(2 x 0.03 m / 2.62 x 10¹⁴ m/s²) = 6.37 x 10⁻⁸ s
Therefore, the duration for the electron to travel 30 mm in a uniform electric field with a field strength of 150 kV/m is approximately 6.37 x 10⁻⁸ seconds.
Explanation: The acceleration of the electron in the electric field is independent of its initial velocity. Hence, the electron will continue to accelerate at a constant rate until it reaches the end of the distance. Once it reaches the end, it will have attained a maximum velocity and will continue to move at a constant velocity if there are no other forces acting on it. Therefore, the time taken to travel the distance depends only on the acceleration and the distance traveled.
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(b)
(iii) Explain in terms of photons what effect, if any, increasing the
intensity of this radiation would have on the number of electrons
ejected per second, and on their maximum kinetic energy.
[3]
In 1902, Einstein's equation: Exmax hf- was revolutionary because it gave
strong evidence for light behaving as particles. Explain why this theory was
controversial in 1902, but is now accepted as standard pre-university physics.
[4]
Answer:
(iii) Increasing the intensity of radiation would increase the number of photons hitting the surface per second. As a result, the number of electrons ejected per second would also increase, as the photoelectric effect is a stochastic process. However, the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons would not change, as it depends solely on the frequency of the incident photons.
In terms of photons, increasing the intensity of radiation would mean an increase in the number of photons per unit area per second. This would increase the probability of a photon interacting with an electron and causing ejection.
(iv) Einstein's theory that light behaved as particles, or photons, was controversial in 1902 because it contradicted the established wave theory of light. Many physicists at the time believed that light waves were similar to sound waves, and that they propagated through a medium called the "luminiferous ether." Einstein's theory challenged this idea by suggesting that light was made up of discrete particles, or photons, with specific energies.
However, Einstein's theory was later supported by experiments such as the photoelectric effect, which demonstrated that light could indeed behave like particles. Furthermore, the theory of quantum mechanics developed in the early 20th century provided a more complete understanding of the dual nature of light, which can behave as both particles and waves. Today, the particle nature of light is widely accepted and is a standard concept in pre-university physics.
Marshall paddled his kayak 919meters across a lake at a constant velocity. He moved that distance in 10. 0minutes. What was his velocity?
Marshall's velocity while paddling his kayak across the lake was 1.53 meters per second, which can be calculated by dividing the distance he traveled by the time it took him to cover that distance.
Marshall's velocity can be calculated using the formula:
velocity = distance/time
Where distance is 919 meters and time is 10.0 minutes, which must be converted to seconds:
time = 10.0 minutes = 600 seconds
Substituting these values, we get:
velocity = 919 meters / 600 seconds
velocity = 1.53 meters per second
Therefore, Marshall's velocity was 1.53 meters per second.
To explain this, we can say that velocity is the rate of change of displacement over time, and in this case, Marshall traveled a distance of 919 meters over a period of 10.0 minutes.
By dividing the distance by the time, we can calculate his velocity, which tells us how fast he was traveling in meters per second.
In summary, Marshall's velocity while paddling his kayak across the lake was 1.53 meters per second, which can be calculated by dividing the distance he traveled by the time it took him to cover that distance.
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What is the approximate electrostatic force between two protons each having a charge of +1. 6 x 10-19 C separated by a distance of 1. 0 × 10–6 meter?
A)
2. 3 × 10–16 N and repulsive
B)
2. 3 × 10–16 N and attractive
C)
9. 0 × 1021 N and repulsive
D)
9. 0 × 1021 N and attractive
The approximate electrostatic force between two protons each having a charge of +1. 6 x 10-19 C separated by a distance of 1. 0 × 10–6 meter A) 2.3 × 10^–16 N and repulsive.
To calculate the electrostatic force between two protons, we can use Coulomb's Law:
F = (k * q1 * q2) / r^2
where F is the electrostatic force, k is Coulomb's constant (8.99 × 10^9 N m^2 C^−2), q1 and q2 are the charges of the two protons, and r is the distance between them.
Given: q1 = q2 = +1.6 × 10^-19 C, r = 1.0 × 10^-6 m
Now, plug the values into the formula:
F = (8.99 × 10^9 N m^2 C^−2 * (1.6 × 10^-19 C)^2) / (1.0 × 10^-6 m)^2
F ≈ 2.3 × 10^-16 N
Since both charges are positive, the electrostatic force will be repulsive. Therefore, the correct answer is:
A) 2.3 × 10^–16 N and repulsive
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Determine the force acting downwards on a mass of 1500 g suspended on a string. (14. 72 N)
The Force acting downwards on the mass = 14.72N
To determine the force acting downwards on a mass of 1500 g suspended on a string, you'll need to use the formula for gravitational force: F = m * g, where F is the force, m is the mass in kilograms, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²).
First, convert the mass from grams to kilograms: 1500 g = 1.5 kg.
Next, plug the values into the formula: F = 1.5 kg * 9.81 m/s² ≈ 14.72 N.
So, the force acting downwards on the mass is approximately 14.72 N.
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Deployment Worksheet 2b - Work 1. A 1400 N force is applied parallel to a horizontal surface. It pushes an 80 kg box 2 m across the surface. What work is done
The work done in pushing the 80 kg box 2 meters across the surface with a 1400 N force applied parallel to the surface is 2800 Joules.
To find the work done, we need to consider the force applied, the displacement, and the angle between them.
In this case, the force (F) applied is 1400 N, the displacement (d) is 2 meters, and since the force is applied parallel to the horizontal surface, the angle (θ) between the force and the displacement is 0 degrees. The formula to calculate work (W) is:
W = F × d × cos(θ)
Now, let's substitute the given values:
W = 1400 N × 2 m × cos(0°)
Since cos(0°) = 1, the equation becomes:
W = 1400 N × 2 m × 1
W = 2800 J (Joules)
So, the work done in pushing the 80 kg box 2 meters across the surface with a 1400 N force applied parallel to the surface is 2800 Joules.
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Maintenance of military defense and the national parks system that must be renewed every year falls under which type of government spending
The maintenance of military defense and the national parks system that must be renewed every year falls under the category of government current spending, also known as government consumption.
Government current spending refers to the expenses incurred by the government on the day-to-day activities of providing public goods and services, such as education, healthcare, defense, and infrastructure maintenance.
This spending is financed through taxes and other forms of revenue collected by the government.
Government current spending is different from government capital spending, which involves investment in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and buildings.
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Scenario: You place a cold metal sphere in a container of hot water.
(a) Type(s) of energy transfer:
(b) Where will each form of transfer occur?
(c) What will happen and why?
4. Scenario: You place a piece of hot rock into a metal container, and then remove all the
air from the container.
(a) Type(s) of energy transfer:
(b) Where will each form of transfer occur?
(c) What will happen and why?
In the first scenario, heat transfers from hot water to a cold metal sphere until they reach thermal equilibrium. In the second scenario, heat and radiation occur from a hot rock to a metal container with no air until they reach thermal equilibrium.
For the scenario where a cold metal sphere is placed in hot water:
(a) The type of energy transfer is heat transfer.
(b) The transfer will occur from the hot water to the cold metal sphere, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the water and an increase in the temperature of the sphere.
(c) The heat energy from the water will flow to the sphere until the two objects reach a state of thermal equilibrium, meaning they are at the same temperature. This occurs because heat naturally flows from hotter objects to cooler ones.
For the scenario where a hot rock is placed in a metal container with all the air removed:
(a) The type of energy transfer is both heat transfer and radiation.
(b) Heat transfer will occur from the hot rock to the metal container, while radiation will occur from the rock to the surrounding environment.
(c) The hot rock will lose heat energy to the metal container until they reach thermal equilibrium. Additionally, as the rock cools, it will emit electromagnetic radiation in the form of infrared waves. Because there is no air in the container, convection, another form of heat transfer, cannot occur.
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If a rocket takes off from earth with a certain force what must be true about earth
If a rocket takes off from Earth with a certain force, there are several things that must be true about Earth to make this possible.
Firstly, Earth must have a gravitational field that attracts the rocket toward its center. This gravitational force pulls the rocket toward the ground, and the rocket must overcome it with a force greater than the force of gravity in order to take off.
Secondly, Earth's atmosphere must be present, as the rocket needs to push against the air molecules to create thrust and lift off the ground. Thirdly, Earth's surface must be firm enough to support the launch of the rocket, with a strong and stable launchpad to prevent any accidents.
Fourthly, Earth's rotational speed and position in its orbit around the Sun must also be taken into account, as this affects the required trajectory of the rocket for a successful launch. Overall, a combination of Earth's gravitational force, atmosphere, surface conditions, and position in its orbit all play a crucial role in enabling a rocket to take off from Earth.
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Jake wants to prove the theorem that says that the measure of the quadrilateral's opposite angles add to 180°
Jake wants to prove the theorem that states that the measure of the opposite angles of a quadrilateral add up to 180 degrees.
This theorem is also known as the "opposite angles theorem." To prove this, Jake could use several methods, including the use of geometric proofs, algebraic proofs, or even visual aids such as diagrams or sketches.
One way to approach the proof would be to divide the quadrilateral into two triangles and show that the sum of the angles in each triangle equals 180 degrees.
Jake could then use this information to prove that the opposite angles of the quadrilateral add up to 180 degrees as well. Another approach would be to use the properties of parallel lines and transversals to show that the opposite angles are supplementary (i.e., add up to 180 degrees).
Regardless of the method used, the opposite angles theorem is a fundamental concept in geometry that is used to solve a variety of problems involving quadrilaterals.
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How much heat, in joules, is transferred into a system when its internal energy decreases by 125 J while it was performing 30. 5 J of work
94.5 J of heat was transferred out of the system. The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.
Mathematically, ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.
Given that the internal energy decreases by 125 J while performing 30.5 J of work, we can find the heat transferred into the system as follows:
ΔU = Q - W
-125 J = Q - 30.5 J
Q = -125 J + 30.5 J
Q = -94.5 J
The negative sign indicates that heat was transferred out of the system. Therefore, 94.5 J of heat was transferred out of the system.
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At the gym, a man pulls a bar on a machine that works the muscles of the upper back. It takes him 0. 5 seconds to raise 30
kilograms of weights a vertical distance of 0. 5 meters.
Which of these exerts the same power output? (Estimate g as 10 m/s2. )
A) lifting 25 kilograms a distance of 2. 4 meters in 2. 0 seconds
B) lifting 45 kilograms a distance of 2. 4 meters in 3. 0 seconds
C) leg pressing 45 kilograms a distance of 0. 5 meters in 0. 5 seconds.
D) bench pressing 30 ligrograms a distance of 0. 5 meter in 1. 5 seconds.
Pleaseeeeeee help me
The power output of the man pulling the bar can be calculated as follows:
Power = Work / Time
The work done by the man is equal to the force he exerts multiplied by the distance he moves the weights:
Work = Force x Distance
The force he exerts is equal to the weight of the weights he is lifting:
Force = Weight x g
where g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 10 m/s^2.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
Force = 30 kg x 10 m/s^2 = 300 N
Work = Force x Distance = 300 N x 0.5 m = 150 J
Power = Work / Time = 150 J / 0.5 s = 300 W
Now we can check which of the other options exerts the same power output:
Option A:
Force = 25 kg x 10 m/s^2 = 250 N
Work = Force x Distance = 250 N x 2.4 m = 600 J
Power = Work / Time = 600 J / 2.0 s = 300 W
Option B:
Force = 45 kg x 10 m/s^2 = 450 N
Work = Force x Distance = 450 N x 2.4 m = 1080 J
Power = Work / Time = 1080 J / 3.0 s = 360 W
Option C:
Force = 45 kg x 10 m/s^2 = 450 N
Work = Force x Distance = 450 N x 0.5 m = 225 J
Power = Work / Time = 225 J / 0.5 s = 450 W
Option D:
Force = 30 kg x 10 m/s^2 = 300 N
Work = Force x Distance = 300 N x 0.5 m = 150 J
Power = Work / Time = 150 J / 1.5 s = 100 W
Therefore, options A and B exert the same power output as the man pulling the bar, while options C and D do not.
Estimate the lowest possible kinetic energy of a neutron contained in a typical nucleus of radius 1. 2×10−15m. Use the radius as the uncertainty in position for the neutron. [Hint: Assume a particle can have a kinetic energy as large as its uncertainty. ]
The uncertainty principle can be used to estimate the minimum kinetic energy of a neutron in a nucleus of a certain size. The resulting minimum energy is around [tex]10^{-24}[/tex] joules.
The uncertainty principle states that the product of the uncertainty in the position and momentum of a particle must be greater than or equal to Planck's constant divided by 4π.
Therefore, using the given radius of the nucleus as the uncertainty in position, we can calculate the minimum kinetic energy of a neutron in the nucleus by assuming it has an uncertainty in momentum equal to its uncertainty in position.
Using this approach, we have:
[tex]\Delta x = 1.2 \times 10 - 15 m[/tex] (uncertainty in position)
[tex]\Delta p = \Delta mv = \Delta m(\Delta x/\Delta t) = \Delta m(2\pi \Delta f \Delta x)[/tex] (uncertainty in momentum)
where Δm is the uncertainty in mass, Δf is the frequency of the neutron, and Δt is the time interval over which the position is measured.
Assuming a typical frequency of [tex]10^{21} Hz[/tex] and a mass uncertainty of 1 atomic mass unit [tex](1.67 \times 10^{-27} kg)[/tex], we obtain a minimum kinetic energy of approximately [tex]10^{-24} \;joules[/tex].
In summary, the minimum kinetic energy of a neutron contained in a typical nucleus of radius [tex]1.2 \times 10^{-15} m[/tex] can be estimated using the uncertainty principle.
This approach involves assuming an uncertainty in momentum equal to the uncertainty in position and using typical values for the frequency and mass uncertainty of the neutron. The resulting minimum kinetic energy is on the order of [tex]10^{-24} \;joules[/tex].
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To cause sunburn on human skin by breaking a chemical bond within a skin cell, a photon with about
3.5 eV of energy is required. What is the required wavelength?
What is the wavelength?
The required wavelength to cause sunburn on human skin by breaking a chemical bond is 3.56 x 10⁻⁷ meters
How to calculate wavelength?Use the equation E=hc/λ, where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength.
First, convert the energy of the photon to joules (J) from electron volts (eV):
3.5 eV x 1.602 x 10⁻¹⁹ J/eV = 5.61 x 10⁻¹⁹ J
Next, substitute the values into the equation:
5.61 x 10¹⁹ J = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J s)(3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)/λ
Solving for λ:
λ = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J s)(3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)/(5.61 x 10⁻¹⁹ J) = 3.56 x 10⁻⁷ m
Therefore, the required wavelength is approximately 3.56 x 10⁻⁷ meters (or 356 nanometers), which falls in the ultraviolet (UV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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A beam of light travels into a new denser medium causing the speed of light to change to 2. 5 x 10 8 m/s. What is the index of refraction for the new medium?
The index of refraction for the new medium is 1.2. The index of refraction is a measure of how much the speed of light is slowed down as it passes through a material.
It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material. The formula for the index of refraction is:
n = c/v
where n is the index of refraction, c is the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s), and v is the speed of light in the material.
In this case, we are told that the speed of light in the new medium is 2.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s. Plugging this into the formula, we get:
n = c/v
n = 3 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s / 2.5 x [tex]10^{8}[/tex] m/s
n = 1.2
Therefore, the index of refraction for the new medium is 1.2.
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two similar razor blades were placed on a wooden block and the other on an iron block. it was observed that the razor blade on the wooden block is attracted by the magnet while that on the iron block was not. explain
The soft iron is a magnetic material hence it became an induced magnet and attracted the blade.What is a magnetic substance?The term magnetic substances is a substance that can be attracted b a magnet. Now we know that the soft iron is amagnetic material hence it became an induced magnet and attracted the blade.Recall that a magnetic substance is a substance that can be attracted by a magnet. Wood can not be attracted by a magnet but soft iron cash attracted by a magnet hence it is a magnetic substance.This is not possible in the case of thewooden block since it is not magnetic as such the the razor blade on the wooden block was attracted to the magnet while the other on the soft iron was not.
How far do you have to lift a 10kg bag of salt to do 250j of work?
You have to lift the 10kg bag of salt approximately 2.55 meters to do 250J of work.
To determine how far you have to lift a 10kg bag of salt to do 250J of work, we need to use the work-energy theorem and the formula for gravitational potential energy. The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to the change in its potential energy. The formula for gravitational potential energy is:
PE = m * g * h
where PE is the potential energy, m is the mass (10kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²), and h is the height the object is lifted.
Since the work done is 250J, we can set the potential energy equal to the work done:
250J = 10kg * 9.8 m/s² * h
Now, we need to solve for h:
250J = 98 kg*m/s² * h
h = 250J / 98 kg*m/s²
h ≈ 2.55 meters
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A ball of mass 4 kg travelling at 10 m/s makes an elastic head-on collision with another ball of mass 1 kg which is at rest. After the collision, the speed of the lighter ball is
*
zero
less than 10 m/s
equal to 10 m/s
greater than 10 m/s .
Answer:
less than 10 m/s
Explanation:
The 1 kg ball moves after the elastic collision, so you know its speed is > 0.
Due to the law of conservation of momentum, you know the total momentum before the collision must equal the total momentum after the collision. Some of the momentum from the 4 kg ball transfers to the 1 kg ball (which is at rest) when they collide. The 4 kg ball slows down after the collision and the lighter ball moves after the collision, but at a speed less than 10 m/s.
Using what you learned from this lab describe how you receive colors from the various object observed in our world. discuss how we receive colors from objects to omit light such as tvs, objects i don’t emit light such as colored paper, and how filters on our eyes work such as sunglasses. keywords: phototons, wavelength, and colors that just red, green, and blue.
Color perception is determined by wavelengths of light, red, green, and blue make colors for objects that emit light. The color we see for objects not emitting light is based on reflected light. Sunglasses and filters change perceived colors by blocking certain wavelengths of light.
Color perception is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction between light and objects in our environment. The colors that we see are determined by the wavelengths of photons that are reflected or emitted by objects. When light hits an object, some photons are absorbed while others are reflected, and the reflected photons are what we see as color.
For objects that emit light, such as TVs and computer screens, the colors are created by combining just three primary colors: red, green, and blue. By varying the intensity of these three colors, the screen can create a wide range of hues and shades.
For objects that do not emit light, such as colored paper, the color that we see is determined by the wavelengths of light that are reflected by the object. For example, a red piece of paper appears red because it reflects red light and absorbs other wavelengths.
Filters, such as sunglasses, work by selectively blocking certain wavelengths of light. This changes the colors that we perceive, as some colors are absorbed while others are allowed through.
In summary, color perception is based on the wavelengths of photons reflected or emitted by objects. For objects that emit light, colors are created by combining red, green, and blue.
For objects that do not emit light, the color that we see is determined by the wavelengths of light that are reflected. Filters, such as sunglasses, work by selectively blocking certain wavelengths of light to change the colors that we perceive.
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What is wind ? What type of energy is possessed by wind ? (b) Explain how, wind energy can be used to generate electricity. Illustrate your answer with the help of a labelled diagram. (c) State two advantages of using wind energy for generating electricity. (d) Mention two limitations of wind energy for generating electricity
a) Wind is the movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere. It occurs due to the uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun, resulting in the displacement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Wind can occur at various speeds and directions, and it plays a crucial role in weather patterns and climate.
b) Wind energy is a form of kinetic energy that is possessed by the movement of air molecules. This energy can be harnessed to generate electricity through the use of wind turbines.
The process of generating electricity from wind energy involves the following steps:
1. Wind turbines are installed in areas where there is a consistent and strong wind flow. These turbines consist of large blades that are connected to a rotor.
2. When wind flows over the blades, it causes the rotor to spin. The rotation of the rotor generates mechanical energy.
3. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy through the use of a generator.
4. The electrical energy is then transmitted to a power grid, where it can be distributed to homes and businesses.
c) There are several advantages of using wind energy for generating electricity, including:
1. Renewable: Wind energy is a renewable resource, which means it is replenished naturally and can be used indefinitely without depleting natural resources.
2. Clean: Wind energy does not produce harmful pollutants or greenhouse gas emissions, making it a clean and environmentally friendly source of energy.
d) There are also limitations to using wind energy for generating electricity, including:
1. Variability: Wind energy is not a consistent source of energy, as wind speeds can vary depending on weather patterns and time of day. This can make it difficult to rely on wind energy as a sole source of electricity.
2. Land use: Wind turbines require a significant amount of land, which can be problematic in areas with limited space or where wildlife habitats may be affected.
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Vocabulary: electron volt, frequency, photoelectric effect, photon, photon flux, voltage, wavelength, work function Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo. ) 1. Suppose you went bowling, but instead of a bowling ball you rolled a ping pong ball down the alley. What do you think would happen? 2. Suppose you rolled a lot of ping pong balls at the bowling pins. Do you think that would change the results of your experiment? Explain. Gizmo Warm-up The photoelectric effect occurs when tiny packets of light, called photons, knock electrons away from a metal surface. Only photons with enough energy are able to dislodge electrons. In the Photoelectric Effect Gizmo, check that the Wavelength is 500 nm, the Photon flux is 5 γ/ms, the Voltage is 0. 0 volts, and Potassium is selected. Click Flash the light to send photons of light (green arrows) toward a metal plate encased in a vacuum tube. 1. The blue dots on the metal plate are electrons. What happens when the photons hit the electrons? 2. What happens when the electrons reach the light bulb? _________________________________________________________________________ When electrons reach the light bulb they complete a circuit, causing the bulb to glow briefly
In this scenario, you are experimenting with the photoelectric effect, which occurs when photons (tiny packets of light) knock electrons away from a metal surface. Only photons with enough energy can dislodge electrons.
1. When the photons hit the electrons on the metal plate, if the photons have enough energy (determined by their frequency and wavelength), they can dislodge the electrons from the metal surface. This process demonstrates the photoelectric effect.
2. When the dislodged electrons reach the light bulb, they complete an electrical circuit, allowing the light bulb to glow briefly. This occurs due to the flow of electrons, which is influenced by the photon flux, electron volt, and voltage in the system.
The work function of the metal (in this case, potassium) also plays a role in the photoelectric effect, as it represents the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the metal surface.
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5. The planet Mars has a mass about one-tenth the mass of Earth. Even though Mars has two moons, their tidal forces have a much weaker effect on Mars than Earth's moon does on Earth. Why do you think this is ? Use the data in the tables to support your prediction
This is supported by the data in the tables, which show that the moon of Mars has a much smaller tidal force (0.2 m/s²) than the moon of Earth (2.2 m/s²).
Why is Mars unique from Earth?
The diameter of Earth is about twice that of Mars. Mars would be the size of a ping-pong ball if Earth were a baseball. While Mars has no liquid water, nearly 70% of Earth does. The surface of the Earth receives more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit of solar heating.
The difference in mass between Mars and Earth is a significant factor in the difference between the tidal forces each planet experiences. Since Mars is much less massive than Earth, it has much less gravity and therefore a weaker pull on its moons. This means that the moons of Mars are much less able to exert a tidal force on the planet. This is supported by the data in the tables, which show that the moon of Mars has a much smaller tidal force (0.2 m/s²) than the moon of Earth (2.2 m/s²).
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Compare and contrast compounds and mixtures (select all that are true):
Compounds are pure substances, but mixtures are not.
When two elements bond together into a compound they have new properties.
o When two substances are mixed together in a mixture, they keep their individual properties.
Compounds are physically combined.
O Mixtures are chemically combinded.
Compounds are chemically combined pure substances with new properties, while mixtures are physically combined substances that retain their individual properties.
Compare and contrast compounds and mixtures (select all that are true):
1. Compounds are pure substances, but mixtures are not.
This statement is true. Compounds are pure substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio, while mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be physically separated.
2. When two elements bond together into a compound they have new properties.
This statement is true.
When elements chemically bond to form a compound, they create a substance with unique properties different from the individual elements.
3. When two substances are mixed together in a mixture, they keep their individual properties.
This statement is true.
In a mixture, the substances retain their individual properties because they are not chemically combined.
4. Compounds are physically combined.
This statement is false.
Compounds are chemically combined, as elements form chemical bonds to create a compound with new properties.
5. Mixtures are chemically combined.
This statement is false.
Mixtures are physically combined, as the substances in a mixture are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties.
In summary, compounds are chemically combined pure substances with new properties, while mixtures are physically combined substances that retain their individual properties.
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A gasoline engine takes in 1. 61 10 J of heat and delivers 3700 J of work per cycle. The heat is obtained by burning gasoline with a heat of combustion of 4. 60 10 J/g. (a) What is the thermal efficiency? (b) How much heat is discarded in each cycle? (c) What mass of fuel is burned in each cycle? (d) If the engine goes through 60. 0 cycles per second, what is its power output in kilowatts? In horsepower?
(a). The thermal efficiency is approximately 22.9%.
(b). The heat discarded in each cycle is approximately 1.6063 × [tex]10^6[/tex] J.
(c). The mass of fuel burned in each cycle is approximately 0.035 kg.
(d). The engine's power output is approximately 222 kW or 297.6 hp.
To solve this problem, let's use the following formulas and conversions:
Thermal efficiency (η) = (Useful work output / Heat input) * 100%Heat input = Heat of combustion * Mass of fuel burnedPower output (P) = Work done per cycle * Number of cycles per second1 kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts (W)1 horsepower (hp) = 745.7 watts (W)Given:
Heat input (Qin) = 1.61 × [tex]10^6[/tex]J
Work done per cycle (W) = 3700 J
Heat of combustion of gasoline (H) = 4.60 × [tex]10^7[/tex] J/kg
Cycles per second (f) = 60.0 cycles/s
(a) To calculate the thermal efficiency:
Thermal efficiency (η) = (Useful work output / Heat input) * 100%
η = (W / Qin) * 100%
η = (3700 J / 1.61 × 10^6 J) * 100%
η ≈ 0.229 * 100%
η ≈ 22.9%
(b) To calculate the heat discarded in each cycle:
Heat discarded = Heat input - Useful work output
Heat discarded = Qin - W
Heat discarded = 1.61 × [tex]10^6[/tex] J - 3700 J
Heat discarded ≈ 1.6063 × [tex]10^6[/tex] J
(c) To calculate the mass of fuel burned in each cycle:
Heat input = Heat of combustion * Mass of fuel burned
Mass of fuel burned = Heat input / Heat of combustion
Mass of fuel burned = 1.61 × [tex]10^6[/tex] J / 4.60 × [tex]10^7[/tex] J/kg
Mass of fuel burned ≈ 0.035 kg
(d) To calculate the power output in kilowatts and horsepower:
Power output (P) = Work done per cycle * Number of cycles per second
P = W * f
P = 3700 J * 60.0 cycles/s
P = 2.22 × [tex]10^5[/tex] J/s
Power output in kilowatts:
P(kW) = P / 1000
P(kW) ≈ 2.22 × [tex]10^5[/tex] J/s / 1000
P(kW) ≈ 222 kW
Power output in horsepower:
P(hp) = P / 745.7
P(hp) ≈ 2.22 × [tex]10^5[/tex] J/s / 745.7
P(hp) ≈ 297.6 hp
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