Please help.. I'm Giving Brainliest :)

Please Help.. I'm Giving Brainliest :)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

i think its -91.6

Explanation:

2 ( - 950.8) - (( - 1130.7) + ( - 393.5) + ( - 285.8))

Answer 2

The standard enthalpy change for the given reaction is approximately 91.9 kJ mol⁻¹.

The heat produced during a chemical reaction under specific conditions is known as the standard enthalpy change, abbreviated as H° (zero delta H). Standard conditions often refer to all reactants and products in their standard states, which are their most stable forms at 298 K and 1 bar (or 1 atm) pressure.

Hess's law, which states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of its component phases, is used to calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction.

The following reaction is given:

[tex]\rm 2 NaHCO_3(s)--- > Na_2CO_3(s)+ CO_2(g) + H_2O(l)[/tex]

The relevant enthalpy changes of formation are:

ΔH°[NaHCO3(s)] = -950.8 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH°[Na2CO3(s)] = -1130.7 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH°[CO2(g)] = -393.5 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH°[H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ mol⁻¹

By using Hess's Law, the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for the reaction can be calculated as follows:

ΔH° = Σ (products) - Σ (reactants)

ΔH° = [ΔH°[[tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex](s)] + ΔH°[[tex]\rm CO_2[/tex](g)] + ΔH°[H2O(l)]] - [2 × ΔH°[[tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex](s)]]

ΔH° = [-1130.7 kJ mol⁻¹ + (-393.5 kJ mol⁻¹) + (-285.8 kJ mol⁻¹)] - [2 × (-950.8 kJ mol⁻¹)]

ΔH° = [-1809.7 kJ mol⁻¹] - [-1901.6 kJ mol⁻¹]

ΔH° ≈ -1809.7 kJ mol⁻¹ + 1901.6 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH° ≈ 91.9 kJ mol⁻¹

Hence, the standard enthalpy change for the given reaction is approximately 91.9 kJ mol⁻¹.

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Related Questions

Place the following in order of increasing dipole moment. I. Bcl3 ii. Bif2 iii. Bclf2.

Answers

The correct order of increasing dipole moment is BCl3 < BIF2 < BClF2.

What is dipole moment?

The mathematical product of the separation of the ends of a dipole and the magnitude of the charges.More is the electronegativity of an atom more it will have pull of electrons towards itself. For example, in BCl3 electrons will be pulled towards chlorine atom as it is more electronegative than boron.Hence, the dipole moment is cancelled out. So, it will have zero dipole moment. In BIF2 and BClF2 , fluorine is more electronegative in nature and it is present in both the molecules.But chlorine is more electronegative that iodine atom. So, the dipole moment of BClF2 is more than the dipole moment of BIF2.

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2. 109×103 g of ethylene glycol, c2h4(oh)2, are dissolved in 2. 40×103 g of water. what is the mole fraction of ethylene glycol?

Answers

The mole fraction of ethylene glycol is 0.203.

What is a mole fraction?

The mole fraction represents the number of moles of a specific component divided by the total number of moles present in the given solution.

It is a method of expressing the concentration of a solution

Mole fraction can be represented by x. Let a solution consists of components A and B then, the mole fraction is

[tex]Mole fraction of solute, n_A = \frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex]

[tex]Mole fraction of solvent, n_B = \frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}[/tex]

The molar mass of ethylene glycol = 62 g

Given the mass of ethylene glycol = 2.109 x 10³ g

The molar mass of water = 18 g

Given the mass of water= 2.40×10³ g

No moles of ethylene glycol,  [tex]n_A[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2.109 \times 10^3 g}{62 g}[/tex]

                                                =34.02

No of moles of water, [tex]n_B[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2.40 \times 10^3 g}{18 g}[/tex] = 133.33

Mole fraction of ethylene glycol = [tex]x = \frac{n_A}{n_A +n_B}[/tex]  = [tex]\frac{34.02}{34.02+133.33} = \frac{34.02}{167.35}[/tex]

                                                      =  0.203

Hence, The mole fraction of ethylene glycol is 0.203

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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. how does the equilibrium change to counter the removal of a in this reaction? a b ⇌ ab the equilibrium . simultaneously, there’s an increase in the reaction.

Answers

a b ⇌ ab

The equilibrium  Shifts left simultaneously, there’s an increase in the Reverse reaction.

When the addition of the reactant in reaction system then the equilibrium will shift to the right (forward) direction of the reaction.

What happens if the equilibrium shifts to the right?

The overall reaction will shift in a way that reduces the system's stress. Therefore, if one of the reactants is under more stress, the equilibrium will move to the right to eliminate some of that reactant.

What does it mean when equilibrium lies to the left?

Yes, "to the left" does relate to a balance expression's left side.

When we say that an equilibrium is "to the left," we mean that the educt or reactant is preferred, meaning that there is more H2O present than H3O+ or OH.

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When a substance is entering a phase change, the gain or loss of heat is a result of:______.

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When a substance is entering a phase change, the gain or loss of heat is a result of energy gained or lost in forming or breaking intermolecular interaction.

The constant temperatures occur when a substance is undergoing a phase transition.  If heat is removed from a substance , such as in freezing and condensation , then the process is exothermic . In this instance , heat is decreasing the speed of the molecules causing then move slower.

Example : liquid to solid and gas to liquid .

These changes release heat to the surrounding.

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How do different glycosidic bonds contribute to the properties of different sugars?

Answers

When the hemiacetal of a saccharide (or a molecule made from a saccharide) combines with the hydroxyl group of another chemical, such as alcohol, a glycosidic bond, also known as a glycosidic linkage, is formed. Only sugars in cyclic forms, which have an anomeric carbon and can create a glycosidic bond, may do so.

The glucose units of glycogen, the main type of energy storage in animal cells, are connected by glycosidic linkages. They are the bonds that make up the strong exoskeletons of beetles, crabs, and lobsters as well as the cellulose that makes up the woody sections of plants and trees.

A sugar molecule connected to another molecule via an ether group is the outcome of a glycosidic connection. A chemical compound called an ether, which consists of an oxygen atom bound to two carbon atoms, is less reactive than other chemical compounds like alcohols. Glycosides are therefore typically more stable than free sugars.

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Drag each relation to the correct location on the table. Classify the relations according to whether or not they are functions. 30 points I need answer quick. This is due right now.

Answers

Using the given relations we can deduce the fact that 3x-0.25y=3 is the only function and the other two -3x=15, 2y=10 are said to be not a functions.

What is known to be a function?

A function is a term that is known to be the association that do exist  between a group of inputs that are said to have only a single output each.

A  function is also seen as the association between inputs where each input which is known to be linked to only one output.

To know the function, we have been given 3 relations that  are:

-3x=15

2y=10

3x-0.25y=3

In -3x=15, one can calculate the value of x=-5 but cannot calculate for the  value of y.

In 2y=10, we see that only one variable via which we can only get the value of y.

In 3x-0.25y=3 , when we put the value of x then we can be able to get the value of y and this means that each value of x is said to be a corresponding value of y. Therefore 3x-0.25y=3 is said to be the only function among the three.

Therefore, Using the given relations we can deduce the fact that 3x-0.25y=3 is the only function and the other two -3x=15, 2y=10 are said to be not a functions.

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See full question below

Drag each relation to the correct location on the table.

Classify the relations according to whether or not they are functions.

-3x = 15

2y = 10

3x − 0.25y = 3

{(2, 3), (1, 3), (5, 3), (2, 6)}

If the titration of h2po4− in a urine sample was continued until all of the acid in the solution was neutralized, how many equivalents of naoh would be needed to fully neutralize the solution?

Answers

Two equivalents of NaOH are needed to fully neutralize the solution.

What is a neutralization reaction?

A neutralization reaction involves the reaction of an acid and a base to form salt and water. The reaction is exothermic in nature.

For example,

[tex]HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq)\rightarrow NaCl(aq) + H_2O (l)[/tex]

During the titration of [tex]H_2PO_4^-[/tex] it gives [tex]2H^+[/tex].

[tex]H_2PO_4^- \rightarrow 2H^+ +PO_4^3^-[/tex]

To neutralize these [tex]2H^+[/tex], 2 [tex]OH^-[/tex] is needed which come from 2 equivalents of NaOH

[tex]2NaOH \rightarrow2 Na^+ +2OH^-[/tex]

Therefore, 2 equivalents of NaOH are needed

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number of atoms in 10g of compound is 30.066×10^23. find the molecular mass of compound?

Answers

The molecular mass of a 10g compound that has 30.066 × 10²³ atoms is 2.00g/mol.

How to calculate molecular mass?

The molecular mass of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass of the substance by the number of moles.

molecular mass = mass ÷ no of moles

However, the number of moles of the substance must first be calculated by dividing the number of atoms by Avogadro's number.

no of moles = 30.066 × 10²³ ÷ 6.02 × 10²³

no of moles = 4.99moles

molecular mass = 10g ÷ 4.99 moles = 2.00 g/mol

Therefore, the molecular mass of a 10g compound that has 30.066 × 10²³ atoms is 2.00g/mol.

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The oxygen consumption rate of a 100 kg seal is 1 ml/(g h). assuming that it has oxygen stores of 7 liters, how many minutes can it dive before running completely out of oxygen?

Answers

Oxygen is the crucial gas required for an organism to carry out the cellular process. The seal can dive for 4 minutes before it runs out of oxygen. Thus, option a is correct.

What is oxygen consumption?

Oxygen is the most vital element of the organism that is required by almost all cellular and metabolic activities. It is inhaled by the respiratory system and passed to cells and tissues through the circulatory system.

Given,

Mass of seal = 100 kg = 100000 gm

Rate of oxygen consumption (r) = 1 ml/ (gh)

The volume of the stored O₂ = 7000 mL

The time (t) is calculated as,

t = V ÷ mr

Substituting the values above,

t = 7000 ÷ 100000 × 1

= 0.07 hour

In minutes it will be given as,

0.07 × 60 = 4.2 minutes

Therefore, option a. 4 minutes is the time till the seal can remain underwater without oxygen.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, The oxygen consumption rate of a 100 kg seal is 1 ml/(g h). assuming that it has oxygen stores of 7 liters, how many minutes can it dive before running completely out of oxygen?

4 minutes45 minutes700 minutes4192 minutes

best answer gets marked as brainliest! list all of the properties of stainless steel spoon

Answers

Answer:

- Corrosion resistant

- High tensile strength (the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking)

- Temperature resistant

- Easy formability and fabrication

- Low maintenance (long lasting)

- Attractive appearance

- Environmentally friendly (recyclable)

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

I suppose you could include these properties:

Specific heat =  .5  J/g-C

Density =~  7500 kg/m^3

melting point approx 1500 ° C  

   among others .....

Compared to a solution with a ph value of 7, a solution with a thousand times greater hydronium ion concentration has a ph value of.

Answers

Answer:

pH of  4

Explanation:

Upon comparing a solution with a pH value of 4 and that having a pH of 7, you will realize that it has a pH difference of 3 although the concentration of ions of hydrogen having a pH of 7 is 1000 times greater than being at a pH of 4.

How much energy is required to melt 10. 0 g of ice at 0. 0°C, warm it to 100. 0°c and completely vaporize the sample?

Answers

The 7160 cal energy is required to melt 10. 0 g of ice at 0. 0°C, warm it to 100. 0°C and completely vaporize the sample.

Calculation,

Given data,

Mass of the ice = 10 g

Temperature of ice =  0. 0°C

The ice at 0. 0°C is to be converted into water at 0. 0°C

Heat required at this stage = mas of the ice ×latent heat of fusion of ice

Heat required at this stage = 10 g×80 = 800 cal  

The temperature of the water is to be increased from 0. 0°C to 100. 0°C

Heat required for this = mass of the ice×rise in temperature×specific heat of water

Heat required for this  = 10 g×100× 1 = 1000 cal

This water at  100. 0°C  is to be converted into vapor.

Heat required for this = Mass of water× latent heat

Heat required for this  = 10g ×536 =5360 cal

Total energy or heat required = sum of all heat = 800 +1000+ 5360  = 7160 cal

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If 45ml of water are added to 250ml of a 0.75 m k2so4 solution, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be

Answers

The molarity of the diluted solution is 4.16 M

Given:

volume of water = 45ml

volume of k2so4 = 250ml

Molarity of k2so4 = 0.75 M

To Find:

molarity of the diluted solution

Solution: Molarity (M) is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined as the moles of a solute per liters of a solution. Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of a solution

M1V1 = M2V2

45*M1 = 250*0.75

M1 = 250*0.75/45

M1 = 4.16 M

So, Molarity of given solution is 4.16 M

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The density of lithium is 0. 546 g/cm3. what volume is occupied by 3. 66 x 10 23 atoms of lithium?

Answers

The volume occupied by 3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium is 7.73 [tex]cm^3[/tex]

What is Density?

The density of a substance is defined as the mass of the substance per unit volume. It is often denoted by the symbol ρ

The density of a substance is given by,

[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]

The mass of a substance is the measure of the amount of matter present in it. It is generally measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

The volume of a substance is defined as the amount of 3D space occupied by it.

What is Mole Concept?

It is a concept which uses mole as a unit to measure the number of atoms, molecules or ions.

A mole is defined as the amount of substance which has the same number of elementary particles as there are atoms in 12 grams of [tex]\ce{^{12}C}[/tex]

1 mole = Avogadro's number = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23\\[/tex] atoms

Steps to find out the volume

Molar Mass of Lithium = 6.94 g/mol

1 mole of Lithium has 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms

3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium has molar mass = [tex]\frac{6.94 g}{6.022\times10^{23} } \times 3.66 \times 10^{23}[/tex]

[tex]m = 4.218 g[/tex]

Substitute in density formula,

[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]

[tex]V = \frac{m}{\rho}[/tex]

[tex]=\frac{4.218g}{0.546g/cm^3}[/tex]

= 7.73 [tex]cm^3\\[/tex]

Therefore, 3.66 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of lithium occupies 7.73 [tex]cm^3\\[/tex] of volume.

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What can happen if the level of the developing liquid is higher than the applied spots in the tlc analysis?

Answers

If the solvent level in the developing jar is deeper than the origin (spotting line) of the TLC plate, the solvent will dissolve the compounds into the solvent reservoir instead of allowing them to move up the plate by capillary action. Thus, you will not see spots after the plate is developed.

What is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)?

TLC is a simple, quick, and inexpensive procedure that gives the chemist a quick answer as to how many components are in a mixture. TLC is also used to support the identity of a compound in a mixture when the Rf of a compound is compared with the Rf of a known compound.A TLC plate is a sheet of glass, metal, or plastic which is coated with a thin layer of a solid adsorbent (usually silica or alumina). A small amount of the mixture to be analysed is spotted near the bottom of this plate. The TLC plate is then placed in a shallow pool of a solvent in a developing chamber so that only the very bottom of the plate is in the liquid. This liquid, or the eluent, is the mobile phase, and it slowly rises up the TLC plate by capillary action.As the solvent moves past the spot that was applied, an equilibrium is established for each component of the mixture between the molecules of that component which are adsorbed on the solid and the molecules which are in solution. In principle, the components will differ in solubility and in the strength of their adsorption to the adsorbent and some components will be carried farther up the plate than others. When the solvent has reached the top of the plate, the plate is removed from the developing chamber, dried, and the separated components of the mixture are visualized. If the compounds are coloured, visualization is straightforward. Usually the compounds are not coloured, so a UV lamp is used to visualize the plates. The plate itself contains a fluorescent dye which glows everywhere except where an organic compound is on the plate.

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How many calories (not joules) are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water?

Answers

45,849 calories are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water.

Vaporization is always a highly endothermic (heat-absorbing) process because you must break all the intermolecular interactions present inside of the liquid phase.

So,

Q = mass × heat of vapourization

Q = m×ΔH[tex]_{vap}[/tex]

Q = 85 × 539.4

Q = 45,849 cal

Therefore, 45,849 calories are given off when 85 gram of steam condenses to liquid water.

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The half-life of sr-90 is 28 years. after 56 years of decay only 0. 40 g of a sample remains. what was the mass of the original sample?
a. 0. 050 g
b. 0. 10 g
c. 3. 2 g
d. 1. 6 g

Answers

Half-life is the time taken for the concentration of the substance to reduce by 50%. The original sample of strontium had a mass of 1.6 gms. Thus, option d is correct.

What is half-life?

The half-life of any radioactive substance is the time period at which the concentration will get reduced to half the initial amount. The initial mass of Sr-90 is calculated as,

[tex]N(t) = N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{ \frac{t }{t 1/2}}[/tex]

Given,

Quantity of the remaining substance N (t) = 0.40 gm

Initial radioactive substance quantity [tex]N_{0}[/tex] =?

Time duration (t) = 56 years

Half-life = 28 years

Substituting values above:

[tex]\begin{aligned} 0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2}) ^{{\frac{56}{28}}\\\\0.40 &= N_{0} (\dfrac{1}{2})^{2}\end{aligned}[/tex]

= 1.6 gm

Therefore, option d. the initial mass of Sr is 1.6 gm.

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A 21. 2-l sample of nitrogen at 3. 65 atm and 22°c is simultaneously expanded to 62. 6 l and heated to 34°c. what is the new pressure of the gas?
a. a. 349 atm
b. 235 atm
c. 1. 19 atm
d. 1. 29 atm
e. 1. 91 atm

Answers

Then the new pressure of the sample of nitrogen is  1.28 atm

So, option D is correct one.

Calculation,

Formula used : [tex]P_{1} V_{1} /T_{1} =P_{2} V_{2}/T_{2}[/tex]             (i)

Where , P is pressure and V is the volume

Given data,

[tex]P_{1}[/tex] = 3. 65 atm

[tex]V_{1}[/tex] = 21. 2 L

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] =

[tex]V_{2}[/tex] = 62. 6 L

[tex]T_{1}[/tex] = 22°C = 22+273 = 295 K

[tex]T_{2}[/tex] = 34°C = 34 +273 = 307 K

Putting the value of all data given in equation (i) we get,

3. 65 atm ×  21. 2 L/295 K = [tex]P_{2}[/tex] ×  62. 6 L / 307 K

[tex]P_{2}[/tex] = 3. 65 atm × 21. 2 L × 307 K/295 K × 62. 6 L = 1.28 atm

Then the new pressure the sample of nitrogen is  1.28 atm

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In a combustion chamber, ethane (c2h6) is burned at a rate of 9 kg/h with air that enters the combustion chamber at a rate of 176 kg/h. determine the percentage of excess air used during this process

Answers

The percentage of excess air used during combustion process of ethane will be 37 %.

Burning, also known as combustion, would be a high-temperature highly exothermic chemical process that occurs when an oxidant, typically atmospheric oxygen, interacts with a fuel to generate oxidized, frequently gaseous products in a mixture known as smoke.

Calculation of percentage of air .

[tex]C_{2} H_{6} + (1-x)+a(O_{2} +3.76N_{2} )=bCO_{2} + cH_{2} O + axO_{2} + 3.76dN_{2} .[/tex]

Mair=Mair/Rin

[tex]( MN)O_{2}[/tex] + [tex](MN)N_{2}[/tex]÷ [tex](MN)O_{2}[/tex] + [tex](MN)N_{2}[/tex] +[tex](MN)C_{2} H_{6} .[/tex]

33 . 3.25(1-x) + 28 × 13.16(1-x) ÷ 33 × 3.25(1-x) + 28 × 13.16(1-x). + 30.1

= 176/176+8

X= 0.37

0.37 × 100

X= 37%

Therefore, the percentage of excess air used during combustion process of ethane will be 37 %.

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What is the correct reading of the temperature in the pictured thermometer? make sure to report your reading with the appropriate significant figures.

Answers

36°C

The correct reading of the temperature in the pictured thermometer is 36°C.

What is a thermometer?Thermometer is a device that measures temperature. Specifically speaking one that has a sensor placed inside a metal probe that measures temperature changes by changing electrical resistance.How does a thermometer work?In a mercury thermometer, a glass tube is filled with mercury, and the tube is labelled with a standard temperature scale. The mercury expands and contracts as the temperature changes, allowing the temperature to be read from the scale. The temperatures of the body, liquid, and vapor can all be determined with mercury thermometers.What are thermometers and how do they differ?Thermometer Types:laboratory thermometer electronic thermometer IR thermometer for the ears. mercury-filled thermometerExactly who made the thermometer?The thermometer as a temperature measurement tool is usually acknowledged to have been created by the Italian Santorio Santorio (1561-1636), who is credited with adding a scale to an air thermoscope at least as early as 1612.

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In Birkeland and Eyde's process, ____ is prepared from atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen.

Answers

Synthetic fertilizer

What is  Birkeland and Eyde's process?

It is a process developed by two scientists - Kristian Birkeland and  Sam Eyde - to fix atmospheric nitrogen for the production of fertilizer.

The nitrogen oxide produced is then used in the production of nitric acid and eventually, the production of synthetic fertilizer.

First, nitrogen is fixed into nitrogen oxide:

[tex]N_2 + O_2 --- > 2NO[/tex]

Then, the NO is oxidized:

[tex]2NO + O_2 -- > 2NO_2[/tex]

The nitrous oxide produced is then dissolved in water to form nitric acid:

[tex]3NO_2 + H_2O --- > 2HNO_3 + NO[/tex]

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Which pair of compounds is soluble in water?
a. lii and ca(no3)2
b. kno3 and caco3
c. hg2br2 and hg2i2
d. cus and na2s

Answers

Pair of LiI and Ca(NO3)2 is soluble in water.

Here LiI stands for lithium iodide and Ca(NO3)2 stands for Calcium Nitrate.

Water's polarity, which is the unequal sharing of electrons among its atoms, is what allows it to be such a great solvent. Typically, water is held together through this polarity of partial positive and negative charges. Positive is attracted to negative, making a cohesive structure. When polar compounds or ions are added to water, they break up into smaller components, or dissolve, to become part of the solution. The water's partial charges attract different parts of the compound, making them soluble in water.

Polar Molecules

Similar to ions, polar molecules are able to dissolve in water. Like water, polar molecules have partial positive and negative charges. The attraction between opposite partial charges helps polar molecules dissolve in water.

Water doesn't have a full positive or negative charge; instead, it possesses a partial positive and partial negative charge. This is because oxygen is a lot more electronegative than hydrogen. This means that oxygen draws more electrons to it than the hydrogen does. Since more electrons are moving towards the oxygen, it has a slightly higher negative charge than water's hydrogen atoms.

Let's look at another simple example: a carbon-fluorine bond. Since fluorine is more electronegative than carbon, it draws more electrons over to it, making it partially negative.

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The O2 molecule breaks apart at lower wavelengths than the O3 molecule. What is the main reason for this?

Answers

The main reason for this is Average bond of O₂ is shorter and strong from O₃.

What is ozone?

Ozone is a blue gas composed of three oxygen atoms bonded together.

It occurs naturally high up in the Earth's atmosphere, where it protects the surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays,

UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule.

Ozone molecules are tetrahedral so the bond angle is  109 degree the electrons in the double bond occupy more space that the non-bonding electron pair.

Oxygen has a small size that leads to smaller O-O bond length.

A lone pair of electrons on both the oxygen repel each other leading to weakening of O-O bond.

O3 has longer and weaker bonds than O2, whereas SO2 has shorter and stronger bonds than SO.

Molecular oxygen, O2, is photolyzed by light of 241 nm and has a bond energy of 498 kJ/mol.

The main reason for this is Average bond of O₂ is shorter and strong from O₃.

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A bug walking on the surface of a puddle is depending on what property of water? high surface tension because of the attraction between water molecules capillary action of water molecules to narrow objects such as bug legs low density of liquid water because of the bent molecular shape adhesion of water molecules to nonpolar structures such as hair and skin

Answers

High surface tension because of the attraction between water molecules helps bugs walk on the surface of the water.

How does surface tension help insects walk on water surface?

Surface tension is important for insects that walk on water. They would sink without it. When compared to air molecules, water molecules are more strongly attracted to one another. Due to cohesion, this makes them attract and cling to one another strongly in a body of water. The water molecules between the molecules at the water's surface are more strongly attracted to one another because they do not have water molecules surrounding them on all sides.

As a result, there is an inward force that forms a "film" at the surface and causes the water to act as though a thin membrane were covering it. Surface tension is the term for this phenomena.

Surface tension can be used to the advantage of some insect and spider species. They don't break the water's surface when they stand on it because their negligible weight is insufficient to dissipate the force of surface tension. Instead, they make dimples or indentations in the surface with their feet, which rebound to move the insect ahead. This enables them to move swiftly over ponds, lakes, and rivers in search of prey.

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Hypothesis: How will molecular size affect the rate of evaporation and how will this correlate
with temperature change? Why does molecular size affect evaporation rate?

Answers

A molecular size affects the rate of evaporation when the larger the intermolecular forces in a compound, the slower the evaporation rate and this correlates with temperature change.

Molecular size seems to have an effect on evaporation rates in that the larger a molecule gets or grows from a base chemical formula, its evaporation rate will get slower.

What is the molecular size?

This is a measure of the area a molecule occupies in three-dimensional space as this relates to the physical size of an individual molecule.

Hence, we can see that a molecular size affects the rate of evaporation the larger the forces, the lower the rate.

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For the sequential deprotonations of a polyprotic acid, the equilibrium constants will typically?

Answers

For the sequential deprotonations of a polyprotic acid, the equilibrium constants will typically decrease with each successive ionization.

For explaining above statement let's take an example of polyprotic acid like phosphoric acid.

In the phospheric acid [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex], after deprotonation of one hydrogen results as [tex]H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{1}[/tex] . [tex]H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}[/tex]  donate one hydrogen results as [tex]H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{2}[/tex] . Similarly,  [tex]H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}[/tex]  donate one hydrogen results as [tex]PO_{4}^{-3}[/tex] and equilibrium constant as [tex]K_{3}[/tex] . The removing of hygen ion from nuetral molecule is easier than removal of hydrogen ion from ionic species So, the value of [tex]K_{1}[/tex] is greater than  [tex]K_{2}[/tex] and value of  [tex]K_{2}[/tex]  is greater than [tex]K_{3}[/tex].

So, the equilibrium constants of polyprotic acid will typically decrease with each successive ionization.

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Discuss potential advantages and disadvantages of using water as a solvent in organic chemistry.

Answers

Potential advantages of using water as a solvent in organic chemistry are:

Natural resource, easy to obtain, lower cost.Avoiding biomass drying step.Facilitating recovery of inorganics contained in biomass.

Disadvantages of using water as a solvent in organic chemistry

Higher critical point, severe reaction conditions.Lower yields of water insoluble bio-oil.The bio-oil with higher oxygen content and lower calorific value.What is the most widely used liquefaction solvent?

Water is the most common liquefaction solvent. Not only is water an environmentally friendly solvent that is inexpensive and does not pollute the environment, but it also facilitates the recovery and recycling of inorganic matter contained in biomass in ionic form for eventual use as fertilizers.

Why is water called a universal solvent?Water dissolves many substances and is known as a universal solvent. We learned that, despite being a universal solvent, it can only dissolve polar molecules and that nonpolar molecules, even when mixed with water, form a separate layer.Many researchers around the world have studied the effect of liquefaction solvent type on the liquefaction behaviors of various biomasses, including lignocelluloses, algae, and sewage sludge.

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A compound with chemical formula na2cx3 has formula mass 106 amu .. what is the atomic mass of element x

Answers

The element "X" is "O" (oxygen).

Calculation:

Given,

Chemical formula = Na₂CX₃

Formula mass = 106 amu

Molar mass of Na = 23 amu

Molar mass of C = 12 amu

To find,

Element X =?

We will equate the equation as follows,

2(23) + 12 + 3(y) = 106

46 + 12 + 3y =106

58 + 3y = 106

3y = 106 - 58

3y = 48

y = 48/3

y = 16

We know that Oxygen has molecular mass of 16. Therefore the element "X" is "O".

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Write 3–4 sentences to describe how coupling reactions are used to drive an unfavorable chemical reaction.

Answers

The concept of coupling reactions can be more understood knowing that Gibbs free energy is a state function. State function is a property that does not depend on the path taken to arrive to that value

What is Coupling reaction ?

A reaction where the the free energy of a thermodynamically favorable transformation, such as the hydrolysis of ATP, and a thermodynamically unfavorable one, are mechanistically joined into a new reaction (or may be envisaged to be so joined) is known as a coupled reaction.

How do you make an unfavorable reaction favorable?

Chemically unfavorable means non-spontaneous which means Gibbs' free energy change (ΔG) is positive, i.e. ΔG>0.

But we know that ΔG=ΔH−TΔS. Now ΔH and ΔS (enthalpy and entropy change, respectively) are state functions. So ΔG is also a state function.

Catalysts can only change the pathway of a reaction (in most of the cases, by lowering the activation energy of the reaction (Ea)) but after using the catalysts also, the energy states of the reactants and products don't alter. So ΔH and ΔS remain the same as uncatalysed reaction. So ΔG also doesn't change at all. So if the reaction is non-spontaneous, it remains like that.

That means, the thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can't be made favorable by introducing a catalyst.

But changing the temperature to a very high value can make ΔG<0, so the reaction can be made favorable by abruptly increasing temperature.

What are favorable and unfavorable reactions?

Reactions that release energy are energetically favorable. Conversely, reactions in which the products are higher in energy than the reactants require an input of energy to proceed; such reactions are energetically unfavorable

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To use the gas law constant r = 0.0821, the unit for temperature should be kelvin and the unit for pressure should be atmospheres. true false

Answers

The given statement "To use the gas law constant R=0.0821 the unit for temperature should be kelvin and the unit for pressure should be atmospheres" is -----true.

What is the ideal gas law?

The ideal gas law tells us about behavior of ideal gas through a equation and postulates.The ideal gas law is considered as ideal gas equation.

The ideal gas equation is given as.

PV = nRT

where,

P is pressure of the gasV is volume occupied by the gasn is number of moles of ideal gasT is temperatureR is constant known as universal gas constant.

The value of R depends upon units of temperature, pressure and volume.

Why is Kelvin used in gas laws?

The Kelvin scale is used in gas law problems because the pressure and volume of a gas depend on the kinetic energy or motion of the particles.

How are pressure and Kelvin temperature related?

It states that, at a constant volume, the pressure of a given amount of a particular gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature. It can be written as: P ∝ T, or. P/T = k where k is a constant,

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