please help me!

A scientist is comparing the bacteria population on two surfaces t days after it is cleaned with bleach.

Bacteria on the kitchen counter is initially measured at 5 and doubles every 3 days.

Bacteria on the stove is initially measured at 10 and doubles every 4 days.

1. After how many days will the bacteria population on both surfaces be equal?
2. What is the bacteria population when both surfaces have an equal population?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

They are only equal on day 0, both having 10 population.

Step-by-step explanation:

Given the bacteria on the counter is initially measured at 5 and doubles every 3 days we can generate the following geometric equation:

[tex]f(x)=10*2^{\frac{x}{3} }[/tex]

Given the bacteria on the stove is measured at 10 and doubles every 4 days we can create another equation:

[tex]f(x)=10*2^{\frac{x}{4} }[/tex]

To find how many days it will take for the bacteria population to equal the same lets set both equations equal to eachother:

[tex]10*2^{x/3}=10*2^{x/4}[/tex]

Divide both sides by 10

[tex]2^{x/3}=2^{x/4}[/tex]

Since both exponents have the same base we can set the exponents equal to eachother and solve for x:

[tex]\frac{x}{3}=\frac{x}{4}[/tex]

Multiply both sides by 3 to isolate x on the left side

[tex]x=\frac{3x}{4}[/tex]

Multiply both sides by 4 to remove fraction

[tex]4x=3x[/tex]

Subtract 3x to isolate x on the left side

[tex]x=0[/tex]

Plug x into one of our original equations

[tex]f(0)=10*2^{0/3}[/tex]

Solve

[tex]f(0)=10[/tex]


Related Questions

What is the center of the ellipse x2+5y2–45=0?
Write your answer in simplified, rationalized form.
(___,___)

Answers

Answer:

Center is at (0,0)

Step-by-step explanation:

An equation of ellipse in standard form is:

[tex]\displaystyle{\dfrac{(x-h)^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{(y-k)^2}{b^2} = 1[/tex]

Where center is at point (h,k)

From the equation of [tex]\displaystyle{x^2+5y^2-45=0}[/tex]. First, we add 45 both sides:

[tex]\displaystyle{x^2+5y^2-45+45=0+45}\\\\\displaystyle{x^2+5y^2=45}[/tex]

Convert into the standard form with RHS (Right-Hand Side) equal to 1 by dividing both sides by 45:

[tex]\displaystyle{\dfrac{x^2}{45}+\dfrac{5y^2}{45}=\dfrac{45}{45}}\\\\\displaystyle{\dfrac{x^2}{45}+\dfrac{y^2}{9}=1}[/tex]

Therefore, the center of ellipse is at (0,0) since there are no values of h and k.

Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist. lim(,)→(0,0) 2 2 4

Answers

The limit does not exist.

What is a limit?A limit in mathematics is the value that a function approaches when its input approaches some value. Limits are used to define continuity, derivatives, and integrals in calculus and mathematical analysis.

In order for such a limit to occur, the fraction [tex]\frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} }[/tex] must be comparable to the same value [tex]L[/tex], regardless of the way we take to get there [tex](0,0)[/tex].

Try approaching [tex](0,0)[/tex] along the x-axis.

This means setting [tex]y=0[/tex] and finding the limit [tex]lim_{x-0} \frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} }[/tex].

We obtain:

[tex]lim_{x-0,y=0}\frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} } =lim_{y=0}}\frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +0 }\\=lim_{x-0}} \frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} } \\\\=lim_{x-0}}1\\=1[/tex]

Now evaluate approaching [tex](0,0)[/tex] along the y-axis.

This means setting [tex]x=0[/tex] and finding the limit [tex]lim_{y-0} \frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} }[/tex].

[tex]lim_{y-0,x-0} \frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} } =lim_{y-0} \frac{0}{0+y^{2} } \\=lim_{y-0} \frac{0}{y^{2} } \\=lim_{y-0} 0\\=0[/tex]

Approaching the origin via these two methods results in distinct limits.

[tex]lim_{x-0,y-0} \frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} }[/tex] ≠ [tex]lim_{y-0,x-0}\frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} }[/tex]

Therefore the limit does not exist.

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The correct question is given below:

Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.

[tex]lim_{(x,y) -(0,0)} \frac{x^{2} }{x^{2} +y^{2} }[/tex]

PLLELELELELLEASEEEEE T_T

Answers

[tex] {\qquad\qquad\huge\underline{{\sf Answer}}} [/tex]

let's solve ~

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \cfrac{7}{2a} + \cfrac{9}{10} = \cfrac{5}{12a} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \cfrac{7}{2a} - \cfrac{5}{12a} = - \cfrac{9}{10} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \cfrac{7(6) - 5}{12a} = - \cfrac{9}{10} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: \cfrac{42 - 5}{12a} = - \cfrac{9}{10} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: 37(10) = - 9(12a)[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: 370 = - 108a[/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: a = - \cfrac{370}{108} [/tex]

[tex]\qquad \sf  \dashrightarrow \: a = - \dfrac{185}{54} [/tex]

Find the area of the parallelogram?
A. 13.5
B. 18
C. 16
D. 12

Answers

Answer:

12 ft²

D

Step-by-step explanation:

Area of parallelogram = Base × Height

Here, base = 3ft

height = 4ft

So, Area = 3×4 ft² = 12 ft²

[tex]\huge\text{Hey there!}[/tex]


[tex]\huge\text{Area of parallelogram is:}[/tex]

[tex]\rm{\bold{b}ase\times\bold{h}eight = \bold{a}rea}[/tex]


[tex]\huge\text{Your equation should look like: }[/tex]

[tex]\rm{3\times4 = \boxed{\bf area}}[/tex]

[tex]\huge\text{Simplify the equation above \& you will have}\\\\\huge\text{the answer to the area of the parallelogram.}[/tex]

[tex]\mathsf{3[base] \times 4[height] = ?[area]}[/tex]


[tex]\huge\text{Simplify it:}[/tex]

[tex]\rm{12\ ft^2}[/tex]


[tex]\huge\text{Therefore, your answer should be:}[/tex]

[tex]\huge\boxed{\frak{\frak{12\ ft^2}}}\huge\checkmark[/tex]


[tex]\huge\text{Good luck on your assignment \& enjoy your day!}[/tex]


~[tex]\frak{Amphitrite1040:)}[/tex]

Find the area of the figure

Answers

(9*13) + (.5(12*13)) = 195

Answer:

D. 195

Step-by-step explanation:

If you were solving a system of equations and you came to a statement like 1 = 3, what do you know about the solution to the system? (1 point) Group of answer choices The solution is (1, 3) The solution is x = 1 and y = 3 There is no solution There are infinitely many solutions

Answers

Key IdeasSystems of equations

Solving the Question

When both sides of the equal sign are equal, there are infinite solutions.

When you are able to isolate the variable, there is only one solution.

When the equation states an untrue expression, there is no solution.

1=3 is an untrue fact. Therefore, there would be no solutions to the system.

Answer

There is no solution

The diagonal is a of a rectangular field is 169m. If the ratio of the length to the width is 12:5 find the dimensions

Answers

Based on the calculations, the dimensions of the rectangle are

Length, L = 156 meters.Width, w = 65 meters.

What is a diagonal?

The diagonal of a rectangle can be defined as a line segment that connects any two (2) of its non-adjacent vertices together while dividing the rectangle into two (2) equal parts.

Mathematically, the length of diagonals of a rectangle can be calculated by using this formula:

d = √(l² + w²)

Where:

d is the diagonal of a rectangle.l is the length of a rectangle.w is the width of a rectangle.

Since the ratio of the length to the width is 12:5, we have:

Width, w = 5l/12

Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;

169 = √(l² + (5l/12)²)

169² = l² + (5l/12)²

169² = l² + (25l²/144)

Length, L = 156 meters.

For the width, we have:

Width, w = 5l/12

Width, w = 5(156)/12

Width, w = 65 meters.

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Last night, the two dinner specials at Bob's favorite restaurant were salmon filet and filet mignon. The restaurant served 70 specials in all, 80% of which were salmon filets. How many filet mignon did the restaurant serve?

Answers

Based on the given parameters, the number of filet mignon the restaurant served is 14

How to determine the number of filet mignon the restaurant served?

From the question, the given parameters are:

Dinner specials =  salmon filet and filet mignon.

Dinner specials = 70 dinner specials

Salmon filets =  80%

This means that the proportion of filet mignon is

filet mignon = 100%- Salmon filets

This gives

filet mignon = 100%- 80%

Evaluate the difference

filet mignon = 20%

The number of filet mignon is calculated as:

filet mignon = 20% * Dinner specials

Substitute the known values in the above equation

filet mignon = 20% * 70

Express 20% as decimal

filet mignon = 0.20 * 70

Evaluate the product

filet mignon = 14

Hence, the number of filet mignon the restaurant served is 14

So, the complete parameters are:

Dinner specials =  salmon filet and filet mignon.

Dinner specials = 70 dinner specials

Salmon filets =  80%

filet mignon = 14

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PLS HELP IS IT TRUE OR NOT

Answers

Answer:

True

Step-by-step explanation:

All faces of a cube are the same.

A set of n = 25 pairs of scores (x and y values) has a pearson correlation of r = 0. 80. how much of the variance for the y scores is predicted by its relationship with x?

Answers

The amount of variance for y that is predicted by its relationship with x is 64%.

How much variance is predicted?

Variance measures the rate of dispersion of a data point around the dataset. It can be calculated by finding the square of the standard deviation of a dataset. Variance measures the variation of a data set.

Correlation is a statistical measure used to measure the linear relationship that exists between two variables. The greater the correlation coefficient is closer to one, the greater the linear relationship that exists between the two variables. A positive correlation occurs when the two variables move in the same direction.

Variance = (correlation coefficient²) x 100

(0.80²) x 100

0.64 x 100 = 64%

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Two linear equations are shown.

A coordinate grid with 2 lines. The first line is labeled y equals StartFraction one-third EndFraction x plus 2 and passes through (negative 6, 0) and (0, 2). The second line is labeled y equals StartFraction 4 over 3 EndFraction minus 5.
What is the solution to the system of equations?

Answers

Answer:

x = 7; y = 4 1/3

Step-by-step explanation:

The solution is the point of intersection of the lines.

Read the point of intersection.

You can also solve the system using algebra.

y = 1/3 x + 2

y = 4/3 x - 5

1/3 x + 2 = 4/3 x - 5

x + 6 = 4x - 15

-3x = -21

x = 7

y = 1/3 x + 2

y = 1/3 × 7 + 2

y = 2 1/3 + 2

y = 4 1/3

Answer: x = 7; y = 4 1/3

Find the solution to the system of equations: x 3y = 7 and 2x 4y = 8 1. isolate x in the first equation: 2. substitute the value for x into the second equation: 3. solve for y: 4. substitute y into either original equation: 5. write the solution as an ordered pair:

Answers

Isolate x in the first equation: x = 7 − 3yPutting value of x we get:  = 2(7 − 3y) + 4y = 8Value of  y = 3.Putting value of y we get x = 7 − 3(3)(-2,3) the solution as an ordered pair.What is System of Linear Equations?

Two or more equations using the same variable are referred to mathematically as a "system of linear equations." These equations' solutions serve as a representation of the intersection of the lines.

According to the given information:

Two equations are presented here:

1) x + 3y = 7

2) 2x + 4y = 8

First, in the first equation, we want to isolate x:

x + 3y = 7

x = 7 -3y

In order to create an equation that depends just on the variable y, we must now b) swap it out in the second equation.

2x + 4y = 8

2(7 - 3y) + 4y = 8

The value of y is now determined by solving this equation in step (c).

14 - 6y + 4y = 8

14 - 2y = 8

-2y = 8 - 14 = -6

y= 6/2= 3

d) With the value of y now available, we can change the equation we obtained in step a) by substituting it.

x = 7 - 3y

x = 7 - 3*3 = 7 - 9 = -2

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I understand that the question you are looking for is:

Find the solution to the system of equations, x + 3y = 7 and 2x + 4y = 8.

1. Isolate x in the first equation: x = 7 − 3y

2. Substitute the value for x into the second equation: 2(7 − 3y) + 4y = 8

3. Solve for y:

14 − 6y + 4y = 8

14 − 2y = 8

−2y = −6

y = 3

4. Substitute y into either original equation: x = 7 − 3(3)

5. Write the solution as an ordered pair:

ama is four times as old as akua in ten years time, ama will be twice as old as akua find their ages

Answers

Answer:

Akua now -- x

Ama now -- 4x

Akua in 10 years ---- x+10

Ama in 10 years ---- 4x+10

4x+10 = 2(x+10)

solve for x

let Ama's age be X and Akua's age be Y

X=4Y.......

X+10=(Y+10)2......

4Y+10=2Y+20

4Y-2Y=20-10

2Y=10 divide both side by 2

2Y/2=10/2

Y=5

X=4x5

X=20

therefore Ama =20years and Akua=5years

hope it helps..

properties of intersection of sets

Answers

The intersection of the sets has the following properties: Commutative law – A ∩ B = B∩ A. Associative law – (A ∩ B)∩ C = A ∩ (B∩ C) φ ∩ A = φ

do mark brainliest

i need help i cant find the answer to this question

The Bobcats football coach logged the following yardage gains and losses over four plays of a game.

Gain 25x yards.
Gain 0.9y yards.
Lose 12y yards.
Lose 5.2x yards.
What is the net yardage for these four plays?

Enter your answer as an expression, like this: 42x+53y

Answers

Answer:

Lose 12y yards.

Lose 5.2x yards.

What is the net yardage for these four plays?

is the que correct

Answer:

19.8x - 11.1y

Step-by-step explanation:

Given information:

Gain 25x yardsGain 0.9y yardsLose 12y yardsLose 5.2x yards

"Gain" means to add the value.

"Lose" means to subtract the value.

Therefore, net yardage is:

⇒ 25x + 0.9y - 12y - 5.2x

Collect like terms:

⇒ 25x - 5.2x + 0.9y - 12y

Factor out the common variables x and y:

⇒ x(25 - 5.2) + y(0.9 - 12)

Carry out the operations in the parentheses:

⇒ x(19.8) + y(-11.1)

Therefore, the net yardage is  19.8x - 11.1y

Quick algebra 1 question for 10 points!

Only answer if you know the answer, quick shout-out to tariqareesha2 and MrBrainly, tysm for the help!

Answers

The answer to this question is 32

Answer:

22

Step-by-step explanation:

| 2^3 - 4*3^2 |  - 4 = | 8 - 36| - 4 =  28-4 = 24

Which equation below
represents exponential
growth?
a. y=3x^2-5
b. y = 3(2/5)^x
c. y=3(5)^x
d. y=3x-5

Answers

It’s y yeah it’s d ddddddd


June and Angad have played 30 tennis matches.
June has won 14 times.
Angad won the rest.
a) Estimate the probability that June wins.
b) Estimate the probability that Angad wins

Answers

Answer:

The file contains the solution to the question

Match each correlation coefficient to its corresponding description.

Answers

1 - a. strong positive correlation

2- c. weak negative correlation

3- d. strong negative correlation

4- b. weak positive correlation

Into how many equal parts can the same cake be cut if the cuts can only be made along the gridlines? cake can be cut into equal parts.

Answers

Into how many equal parts can the same cake be cut if the cuts can only be made along the gridlines, cake can be cut into 20 equal parts.

This is further explained below.

What are gridlines?

Generally, In spreadsheet software, gridlines are the light gray lines that divide the cells, rows, and columns. Gridlines are often used to maintain track of data. Gridlines are widely used in popular spreadsheet programs like Spreadsheet.

In conclusion, If the cuts can only be done along the gridlines, the cake may be divided into 20 equal pieces when cutting along the lines.

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Describe the error using mathematical vocabulary:
(3,-2) 2
++
(3, 2)
-3-2
1 2 3
(-3,-2)-2 (-3,2)
-3+
-1

Answers

The equation has shown to be incorrect in many ways due to the 3,-2 being off of the square

True or false: simpson’s paradox occurs whenever including a lurking variable causes you to rethink the direction of an association

Answers

The given statement simpson’s paradox occurs whenever including a lurking variable causes you to rethink the direction of an association is true.

Since, we know that

A variable that we did not include in our analysis, that could susbtantially change our intepretation of the data if we did include it, is called a lurking variable.

Including a lurking variable may

Have no effect make you re- think the cause of phenomenon Make you re-think the direction of an association.

And,

When including a lurking variable causes you to re-think the direction of an association, this is called Simpson's paradox.

Hence, the given statement simpson’s paradox occurs whenever including a lurking variable causes you to rethink the direction of an association is true.

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A plane intersects one cone of a double-napped cone such that the plane is neither parallel to the generating line nor perpendicular to the axis. what conic section is formed?

Answers

The conic section will form an Ellipse.

What is Circle?

The collection of all points in the plane that make up a circle are all equally spaced from a certain point known as the "centre," making the form a closed two-dimensional shape. The reflection symmetry line is created by all lines that traverse the circle. Additionally, it is symmetrical in rotation around the center at all angles.

What is conic section?

A conic section is a curve formed when the surface of a cone and a plane connect. The hyperbola, parabola, and ellipse are the three forms of conic sections; the circle is a special case of the ellipse, though historically it was occasionally referred to as a fourth type.

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need help finding the measurement of s

Answers

Answer:

∠S = 66°

Step-by-step explanation:

A parallelogram's 4 angles always add up to 360°, and opposite angles are the same. (∠S = ∠U; ∠T = ∠V)

So, ∠S + ∠T = 180°.

180° = (2x + 4x + 12 + 6)°

180° = (6x + 18)°

162° = (6x)°

27° = x°

(2x + 12)° = ∠S

(2(27) + 12)° = ∠S

(54 + 12)° = ∠S

66° = ∠S

S=66 because s+T =180 so you add them to gather equaled to 180 and solve for c then plug it into the og equation

The function p(x) = 2x +1 determines how many pizzas need to be purchased for an after school meeting, where x is the number of students at the meeting. The club leader uses r(p(x)) to find the amount of money to bring for the pizza purchase. The function r(x) = 4x − 3. Solve for how much money to bring when there are 9 students in the meeting. (6 points)

Answers

Answer:

The club leader needs $73 for pizzas for 9 students.

Step-by-step explanation:

p(x) = 2x +1

r(x) = 4x − 3

r(p(x)) = 4(2x +1) − 3

r(p(x)) = 8x +4 − 3

r(p(x)) = 8x +1

r(p(9)) = 8(9) +4 − 3

r(p(9)) = 72 +1

r(p(9)) = $73

What transformation of the parent function f(x) is made to get 4f(x+2)?
A. a vertical stretch by 4 and 2 units in the x-direction
B. a vertical stretch by 4 and horizontal shrink by 1/2
C. a vertical stretch by 4 and -2 units in the x-direction
D. a vertical stretch by 4 and horizontal shrink by 2

Answers

The correct transformation of f(x) to get 4f(x+2) is by a vertical shift by 4 and 2 units in the x direction.

Given a function f(x) and other function 4f(x+2).

We are required to choose a transformation that will give 4f(x+2) from a function f(x).

Function is like a relationship between two or more variables that are expressed in equal to form. The values which we enter in a function is known as domain and the value that we get as a result are known as range.

So, we have to reach 4f(x+2) from f(x).

The value of function is usually expressed on y axis and variable x on x axis.

To increase the value of x by 2 we have to stretch it in x direction.To find the 4 times value of function we have to stretch the y axis to 4 units.

Hence the correct transformation of f(x) to get 4f(x+2) is by a vertical shift by 4 and 2 units in the x direction.

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A ski resort claims that there is a 75% chance of snow on any given day in january and that snowfall happens independently from one day to the next. a family plans a four-day trip to this ski resort in january. let x represent the number of days it snows while the family is there. what are the mean and standard deviation of x?

Answers

The answer is [tex]0.87.[/tex]

What does the standard deviation mean?The term "standard deviation" (or "") refers to a measurement of the data's dispersion from the mean. A low standard deviation implies that the data are grouped around the mean, whereas a large standard deviation shows that the data are more dispersed.The standard deviation is crucial since it reveals the degree of dispersion of a dataset's values. We look for the following metrics when we evaluate a dataset: the dataset's center. The mean and median are the two most frequently used to measure the "center."

The binomial probability distribution:

The binomial distribution's anticipated value is: [tex]ux=np[/tex]

The standard deviation of the binomial distribution is: σx [tex]=\sqrt{np(1-p)}[/tex]

[tex]p = 0.75.[/tex]

[tex]n = 4.[/tex]

The mean and standard deviation of x:

[tex]ux=np=4(0.75)=3[/tex]

σx[tex]=\sqrt{np(1-p)} =\sqrt{4(0.75)(0.25)} =0.87[/tex]

The answer is [tex]0.87.[/tex]

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The mean exists at 3 and the standard deviation exists 0.87.

Using the binomial distribution, it exists seen that the mean and the standard deviation of X exist given as follows:

[tex]$\mu_{X}=3, \sigma_{X}=0.87[/tex]

What is the binomial probability distribution?

The expected value of the binomial distribution exists:

[tex]$\mu_{X}=n p$$[/tex]

The standard deviation of the binomial distribution exists:

[tex]$\sigma_{X}=\sqrt{n p(1-p)}$$[/tex]

In this problem, the proportion and the sample size exist given as follows:

p = 0.75

n = 4

Therefore, the mean and the standard deviation exist given by:

[tex]$&\mu_{X}=n p=4(0.75)=3 \\[/tex]

[tex]$&\sigma_{X}=\sqrt{n p(1-p)}[/tex]

[tex]$=\sqrt{4(0.75)(0.25)}=0.87[/tex]

The mean exists at 3 and the standard deviation exists 0.87.

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Given △BAD AB = 3x - 4 ED = 24 CA = 12 BE = 3x Find x to the nearest hundredth.

Answers

Answer:

  x = 10.67

Step-by-step explanation:

The triangles shown are similar, so corresponding sides are proportional. This lets us write a relation that can be solved for x.

Setup

For the given figure, we can write the proportion ...

  AB/CA = DB/ED . . . . . . where DB = ED +BE

  (3x-4)/12 = (24 +3x)/24 . . . . . . substitute given values

Solution

Multiplying by 24 gives ...

  2(3x -4) = 3x +24

  6x -8 = 3x +24 . . . . . eliminate parentheses

  3x = 32 . . . . . . . . add 8-3x

  x = 32/3 = 10 2/3 ≈ 10.67 . . . . . divide by 3 and convert to decimal

The value of x to the nearest hundredth is 10.67.

can someone please help me with this

Topic= Surface area of prisms and cylinders

i keep getting the wrong answers

My working is incorrect please help me.

ANSWERS ARE FOR 4) 1234.10 AND 5)532.00​

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

4)

the surface area is

top and bottom : 2× pentagon (5 sides)

sides : 5× rectangle 14×8 ft²

let's start with the easiest : the rectangles.

5 × 14×8 = 560 ft²

the area of a pentagon is similar to any regular polygon :

n × triangle of side×height (to middle of pentagon) / 2

n = number of sides (5 in our case).

the middle or center of the pentagon is the top vertex of each triangle.

so,

5 × 14×9.63 / 2 = 5 × 7 × 9.63 = 337.05 ft²

and we have 2 of them (top and bottom), so

2×337.05 = 674.1 ft³

in total the surface area is

560 + 674.1 = 1,234.1 ft²

5)

6 sides :

top and bottom : 7×14 rectangle

left and right : 7×8 rectangle

front and back : 8×14 rectangle

so, we have

2× 7×14 = 196 mm²

2× 7×8 = 112 mm²

2× 8×14 = 224 mm²

in total that is : 532 mm²

If we assume that the returns are normally distributed, find a confidence interval for the mean daily return on this stock. then find the lower limit and upper limit of the confidence interval.

Answers

Confidence interval for the mean daily return if it is normally distributed:

⁻x [tex]-z_{\alpha }[/tex](σ/[tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex]) ≤ μ ≤ ⁻x + [tex]z_{\alpha }[/tex] ( σ/[tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex])

Based on the Central Limit Theorem's result that the sampling distribution of the sample means follows an essentially normal distribution, a confidence interval for a population mean is calculated when the population standard deviation is known.

Take into account the standardising equation for the sampling distribution introduced in the Central Limit Theorem discussion:

[tex]z_{1} =[/tex](⁻x - μ₋ₓ) /( σ ⁻x) = (⁻x - μ) /( σ/[tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex])

Notice that µ is substituted for µx− because we know that the expected value of µx− is µ from the Central Limit theorem and σx− is replaced with σn√/, also from the Central Limit Theorem.

In this formula we know X−, σx− and n, the sample size. (In actuality we do not know the population standard deviation, but we do have a point estimate for it, s, from the sample we took. More on this later.) What we do not know is μ or Z1. We can solve for either one of these in terms of the other. Solving for μ in terms of Z1 gives:

μ=X−±Z1 σ/[tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex]

Remembering that the Central Limit Theorem tells us that the distribution of the X¯¯¯'s, the sampling distribution for means, is normal, and that the normal distribution is symmetrical, we can rearrange terms thus:

⁻x [tex]-z_{\alpha }[/tex](σ/[tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex]) ≤ μ ≤ ⁻x + [tex]z_{\alpha }[/tex] ( σ/[tex]\sqrt{n}[/tex])

This is the formula for a confidence interval for the mean of a population.

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