PLEASE HELP!!!!!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIST IF ANSWER IS CORRECT!!!

a. The parental phenotypes are +++ and sop, which have the same combination of alleles as the homozygous parents. b.The genotype of the heterozygous parent was s/+ o/+ P/+, and the genotype of the homozygous parent was s/s o/o p/p.

The non-crossover (parental) phenotypes are those that result from the transmission of the parental chromosomes without any genetic recombination.
To determine the genotypes of the two parents, we need to first determine the gene order from the testcross progeny. The gene order is sop, which means that the s allele is the leftmost gene on chromosome 2, followed by o and then P.

Next, we can use the testcross progeny data to determine the parental genotypes. The testcross progeny includes six different phenotypes, which correspond to six different genotypes: s/s o/o p/p, s/s o/+ p/p, s/s +/+ p/p, s/s o/o P/P, s/s o/+ P/P, and s/s +/+ P/P.

We know that one parent was heterozygous at all three genes (s/+ o/+ P/+) and the other parent was homozygous for the recessive alleles (s/s o/o p/p). This is because the only way to get the observed testcross progeny is if the heterozygous parent produced gametes with each of the three different alleles, and the homozygous parent produced gametes with only one of the three alleles.

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The final solution to the absolute value inequality |u|-19<-9 is u∈(-10,10)

To solve the absolute value inequality |u|-19<-9, we need to isolate the absolute value on one side of the inequality and then use the definition of absolute value to create two separate inequalities.

First, let's add 19 to both sides of the inequality to isolate the absolute value:

|u|-19<-9

|u|<-9+19

|u|<10

Next, we can use the definition of absolute value to create two separate inequalities:

u<10 AND u>-10

This means that the solution to the original inequality is any value of u that is between -10 and 10.

In interval notation the solution can be written as (-10,10).

So the solution to the absolute value inequality |u|-19<-9 is u∈(-10,10).

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A. The liver is more likely than many other organs to develop cancer because the liver is the main organ that filters and removes toxins from the body. The liver is also involved in metabolizing various substances such as drugs, hormones, and nutrients. Exposure to these toxins and metabolites can cause damage to the liver cells, leading to the development of cancer.

B. Bone is both flexible and rigid because it is made up of two types of tissue: cortical bone and cancellous bone. Cortical bone is the dense, hard outer layer of bone that provides strength and support. Cancellous bone, also known as spongy bone, is the more flexible inner layer that helps absorb shock and stress.

The combination of these two types of tissue allows bone to be both rigid and flexible, making it able to withstand stress and pressure while also allowing for movement and flexibility. Additionally, bone is constantly being remodeled by cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which helps maintain its strength and flexibility over time.

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Answer: C

Explanation: Insects, spiders, crustaceans, and mollusks are a group of invertebrates with exoskeletons composed of chitin. They are the most diverse group of animals on Earth.

The diversity and abundance of these animals make them very important to our ecosystem and human health.

GMO foods are just as wholesome and secure to consume as their non-GMO equivalents. In fact, several Transgenic plants have undergone modifications to increase their nutritional worth.

Genetically engineered organisms (GMOs) Gene engineering is a crucial component of contemporary biotechnology that is used, among other things, to give bacteria, plants, and animals new traits. This can be accomplished by introducing a gene from, say, a bacteria, into a plant or an animal (transgenes).

To tackle crippling and uncommon diseases, lessen our environmental impact, feed the needy, use less and cleaner energy, and have safer, cleaner, and more effective industrial manufacturing processes, modern biotechnology offers ground-breaking goods and technologies.

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Prezygotic barriers include all of the following except reduced hybrid viability. The correct answer is b. reduced hybrid viability.

Prezygotic barriers are mechanisms that prevent fertilization from occurring between two different species. These barriers include gametic isolation, behavioural isolation, and temporal isolation.
- Gametic isolation occurs when the sperm and egg of two different species are unable to fuse and create a zygote.
- Behavioural isolation occurs when two different species have different mating rituals or behaviors that prevent them from mating with each other.
- Temporal isolation occurs when two different species have different breeding seasons or times of day when they are active, preventing them from mating with each other.

Reduced hybrid viability, on the other hand, is a postzygotic barrier. This occurs when the offspring of two different species are unable to survive or reproduce, preventing the creation of a new hybrid species.

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The disease or condition I am going to talk about is asthma. Exposures that can lead to asthma attacks include air pollutants, dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander, and smoke. The consequences of an asthma attack can range from mild to severe with symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing.

Regarding causality criteria, there is a relationship between exposure and outcome if a change in exposure is accompanied by a change in outcome. For asthma, the causative criterion is that people exposed to air pollutants, dust mites, pollen, mold, animal dander, or smoke are more likely to have an asthma attack than those who are not. is. Direct causation is the relationship between exposure and outcome directly, with no intermediate factors. An example of this in the case of asthma is that people exposed to high pollen loads are more likely to have asthma attacks. It's a relationship. As an example in the case of asthma, people exposed to certain viruses are more likely to have asthma attacks because the virus weakens the immune system.

Statistical inference is the process of using data and statistics to make inferences about populations. Statistical inference is based on probabilities and is used to infer relationships between variables. Causal inference, on the other hand, is the process of using data and statistics to draw conclusions about causal relationships between variables. Causal inference is based on causality and is used to infer causality.

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Sensitivity is the test characteristic defined as the accuracy in correctly identifying a true positive.

Sensitivity is a statistical measure that quantifies the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified by a test. It is calculated by dividing the number of true positives by the sum of true positives and false negatives.

Sensitivity is an important measure in medical testing as it determines the ability of a diagnostic test to accurately detect a disease or condition when it is present.

A highly sensitive test will correctly identify most cases of the disease, while a test with low sensitivity may miss many cases, leading to false negative results and delayed or incorrect diagnosis.

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Answer:

Metaphase

Explanation:

So, the correct answer is Metaphase, chromosomes moved to spindle equator, chromosomes made up of two chromatids

If you have a fever after returning from a vacation in three different parts of the world, it is possible that you contracted one of the following parasites: P. falciparum, Trichomonas, T. cruzi, E. histolytica, T. rhodesiense, Giardia, Plasmodium vivax, Naegleria, or Acanthamoeba.

To determine which parasite is causing the fever, the following tests should be run:

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The given statement "Parallel evolution is when two individuals in a species develop the same adaptation due to two different selective forces." is true because of selective pressures.

In other words, parallel evolution is a process of natural selection which occurs when two species living in similar environments independently evolve the same traits. This process usually occurs due to the selective pressures of the environment in which the species live. As a result, both species become better suited to their environment, resulting in them developing similar adaptations.

The most common example of parallel evolution is the development of wings in birds and bats. Both species evolved wings due to the selective pressures of the environment to enable them to fly, even though birds and bats are unrelated species.

Other examples include the similar shapes of the skulls of some fish and some dolphins, which both developed due to similar pressure from their environments.

In summary, parallel evolution occurs when two unrelated species independently evolve similar traits due to similar selective pressures. This process enables species to better adapt to their environment and survive in different habitats.

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in the RSS separating sequences palindromes are found is c. in both 1 and 2 turn spacer sequences.

Palindromes are sequences of DNA that read the same forwards and backwards. These sequences are found in both 1 and 2 turn spacer sequences in the RSS (recombination signal sequence) of the DNA. The RSS is a specific sequence of DNA that is recognized by the RAG (recombination activating gene) proteins and is important for the process of V(D)J recombination in the immune system.

The presence of palindromes in the RSS allows for the formation of hairpin structures, which are important for the recombination process. Therefore, palindromes are found in both 1 and 2 turn spacer sequences of the RSS.

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10. In addition to consequences and observation, other conditions that facilitate adult learning include all the following except C) Being able to substitute one's experience for learning.

Adult learning is facilitated by several conditions, including understanding why learning the new behavior or material is important (A), being able to apply what is being learned (B), being able to practice what is being learned (D), and being given feedback (E). However, being able to substitute one's experience for learning (C) is not a condition that facilitates adult learning. While experience can be helpful in the learning process, it cannot replace the actual learning of new behavior or material.

In summary, the conditions that facilitate adult learning include understanding the importance of the new behavior or material, being able to apply and practice what is being learned, and receiving feedback. However, substituting one's experience for learning is not a condition that facilitates adult learning.

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(a) General characteristics of invasive plants include: ability to reproduce quickly, ability to out-compete native species, broad range of tolerances to environmental conditions, high mobility and dispersal ability, and lack of natural enemies.

(b) Economic and ecological problems caused by invasive species in the Florida landscape include: reduction of biodiversity, displacement of native species, reduced productivity of agricultural crops.

(c) Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) is an invasive shrub native to Asia that was introduced to the US in the 1800s. It has been found to grow in wet and dry uplands, hammocks, and wetlands across the Florida landscape. This species has the ability to form dense thickets that crowd out native vegetation and increase fire risk. In response, state and national agencies are implementing removal and control efforts, as well as promoting native species to reduce the spread of the species.

(d) References:
1. Langeland, K.A., and K. Craddock Burks. 2008. Identification and Biology of Nonnative Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press.
2. Starzomski, B.M., K.M. Saltonstall, C.J. Brandt, C.M. Goff, R.L. Humphrey, J.L. Larson, and B.T. Smith. 2006. Nonnative Invasive Plants of Arboreal Habitats in the Southeast. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-92. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.
3. King, A.T., and K.M. Pysek. 2006. Invasive Alien Plants of European Forests: Species Distribution and Drivers of Establishment. Biol. Invasions 8(3): 299-311.
4. Hobbs, R.J., and C.J. Yates. 2003. Novel Ecosystems: Implications for Conservation and Restoration. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(7): 193-200.
5. Davis, M.A., J.E. Heath, J.F. Murphy, R.E. Kenney, P.G. White, K.M. Saltonstall, and S.H. Anderson. 2004. Invasion and Spread of Exotic Plants in an Altered Environment: The Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area. Conservation Biology 18(2): 334-344.
6. D’Antonio, C.M., and P.M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological Invasions by Exotic Grasses, the Grass/Fire Cycle, and Global Change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23: 63-87.
7. Houghton, R.A., M.K. Jenkins, and I.J. Rotheroe. 2001. Global Warming and Terrestrial Ecosystems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

(a) The general characteristics of invasive plants include:
1. Rapid growth and reproduction
2. Ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions
3. Ability to outcompete native species for resources
4. Lack of natural predators or diseases to control their population
5. Ability to spread easily through seeds, roots, or other means
(b) Invasive plants can cause economic and ecological problems in the Florida landscape, such as:
Economic problems:
1. Damage to agricultural crops and reduction in crop yields
2. Increased costs for control and management of invasive species
3. Decreased property values due to the presence of invasive plants
Ecological problems:
1. Displacement of native plant species and loss of biodiversity
2. Alteration of natural habitats and ecosystems
3. Disruption of nutrient cycles and water flow
(c) Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to Asia. It was introduced to the United States in the 1800s as an ornamental plant and for erosion control. Autumn olive can grow in a wide range of habitats, including fields, forests, and wetlands. In Florida, it is most commonly found in the northern and central parts of the state. Autumn olive can cause environmental problems by outcompeting native plants, altering natural habitats, and disrupting nutrient cycles. The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council has listed autumn olive as a Category II invasive species, which means it has the potential to become invasive. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission are working to control and manage the spread of autumn olive through education, prevention, and removal efforts.

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The phases of mitosis in the order they occur are: Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase. After mitosis, but before interphase, the event that occurs is cytokinesis.

1. Prophase - Chromosomes condense and become visible, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.
2. Metaphase - Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
3. Anaphase - Sister chromatids separate at the centromeres and move to opposite poles of the cell.
4. Telophase - Chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense, nuclear envelope reforms, and spindle fibers break down.

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell divides, creating two daughter cells. Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and is genetically identical to the parent cell.

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Enhancers and silencers regulate gene transcription. Both are cis-acting sequences on the DNA molecule adjacent to the regulated gene.

Enhancer and silencer sequences are outside the promoter. Trans-acting elements activate or repress transcription.

Enhancers are non-promoter regulatory sequences. Enhancer sequences recruit RNA polymerase and other transcriptional complex components to gene promoters by binding transcription factors and co-activators.

Enhancers increase RNA polymerase transcription to activate gene expression in cells. Silencers? Silencers suppress transcription via cis-acting regulatory regions.

They bind repressor proteins that prohibit RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter region. Silencers hinder RNA polymerase from attaching to gene promoters, inhibiting transcription.

Gene expression requires enhancers and silencers. Silencers hinder transcription, while enhancers increase gene expression. Both cis-acting elements interact with transcriptional factors and other proteins to regulate gene expression.

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None of the above statements accurately describe what happened after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and the non-living environment, interacting as a functional unit. It can be a river or a coral reef, a desert or a forest, around us or far away. All parts of an ecosystem, including the air, water, soil, sunlight, plants, animals, and microorganisms, are connected and rely on each other to survive. Humans are also a part of many ecosystems and have an important role to play. Ecosystems provide a variety of services, such as food, medicine, and clean air, water, and soil.

In fact, the oil spill had a devastating effect on the marine life in the Gulf of Mexico. The spill caused a significant decrease in the diversity of species in the Gulf of Mexico, causing a massive die-off of fish, birds, mammals, and other wildlife. The oil also caused a major disruption to the food web in the Gulf, making it difficult for some species to find food and survive. The spill also caused long-term damage to the Gulf's ecosystem, with some species still feeling the effects of the spill even a decade later.

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Complete questions as follows-
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico released millions of gallons of oil into the ocean. This was a major human-caused ecosystem disturbance in the area. Which statements BEST describe what happened after the spill?

1. The oil spill caused a major decrease in the diversity of species in the Gulf of Mexico.
2. The oil spill caused a major increase in the number of fish in the Gulf of Mexico.
3. The oil spill caused an increase in the number of birds and mammals in the Gulf of Mexico.

The domain is at the base of the phylogenetic tree. The three members of the group are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya and the top group is: life,

and the groups from largest to smallest are: domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

The domain is at the base of the phylogenetic tree. The three members of the group are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. The three main domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic cells, while Eukarya has a nucleus and organelles.

The phylogenetic tree is divided into domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species from largest to smallest. The phylogenetic tree illustrates how organisms are related to one another and how they evolved over time. The three domains of life are included in the phylogenetic tree.

The phylogenetic tree is used to classify organisms based on their characteristics and relationships with other organisms. The phylogenetic tree is divided into different categories, starting with domains and ending with species. This classification system is based on the idea that all living things are related and evolved from a common ancestor.

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a) Glucose moves into a cell through a process called facilitated diffusion. This process involves the use of a specific transport protein, called a glucose transporter, that is embedded in the cell membrane.
b) Energy is not normally required for this process because facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport.

The glucose molecule binds to the transporter, which then changes shape and allows the glucose to move into the cell. This transport mechanism is necessary because glucose is a polar molecule and cannot easily pass through the hydrophobic interior of the cell membrane. This means that the movement of glucose is driven by the concentration gradient, with glucose moving from an area of high concentration outside the cell to an area of low concentration inside the cell. As a result, no additional energy is needed to move the glucose into the cell.

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The hypothesis about the dwarf planet Pluto is falsifiable. This means that the hypothesis can be tested through experiments or observations to determine whether it is true or false.

The hypothesis that Pluto is made of ice, can be tested by observing the planet's surface and analyzing its composition. If the results show that Pluto is not made of ice, then the hypothesis is proven false.
On the other hand, a non-falsifiable hypothesis is one that cannot be tested or proven false. For example, if the hypothesis is that Pluto is the most beautiful planet in the solar system, this cannot be tested or proven false because beauty is a subjective concept and cannot be measured objectively.
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Epigenetic changes may be inherited but they aren't necessarily reshaped.

Epigenetics is the study of stable phenotypic changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. The epigenetics implies features that are "on top of" or "in addition to" the traditional genetic basis for inheritance.

Several lifestyle factors have been identified that might modify epigenetic patterns, such as diet, obesity, physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, environmental pollutants.

Epigenetic modifications are heritable chemical or physical changes in chromatin. There are two types of epigenetic modifications – DNA methylation and histone modifications.

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False. When somatic and cognitive anxiety are high there is a large sudden decrease in memory performance, rather than a gradual decline suggested by the Yerkes-Dodson Law.

The Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that there is a gradual decline in memory performance when somatic and cognitive anxiety are high. This law states that there is an optimal level of arousal for optimal performance. When arousal levels are too low or too high, performance suffers. In the case of somatic and cognitive anxiety, when these levels are too high, there is a gradual decline in memory performance, not a large sudden decrease.

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In the case of double-strand breaks, the process of repair for this damage is called Homologous Recombination (HR).

HR is a mechanism of DNA repair by which two DNA molecules exchange information, producing new recombinant DNA molecules that are not present in either the original or parental molecule. Homologous recombination repairs double-stranded DNA breaks, allowing the broken strand to rejoin the intact, homologous region of another chromosome or the sister chromatid. Homologous recombination involves the use of a template from a homologous chromosome to repair a breakage in the DNA.

It includes the resection of 5′ ends, strand invasion, and heteroduplex DNA formation, DNA synthesis, and resolution. The recombinational repair of DSBs can also bring about genome rearrangements, such as translocations, deletions, and inversions, in addition to restoration of the original structure. So, Homologous recombination plays a key role in maintaining genome stability by repairing double-stranded DNA breaks.

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The phenotype ratio, in this case is 120:8, which can be simplified to 15:1.

This indicates that the likely mode of inheritance is incomplete dominance, where one allele is not completely dominant over the other and the resulting phenotype is a blend of the two. One reason supporting this answer is that the F1 generation, which is the result of crossing two pure-breeding plants (one white and one purple), all have the same phenotype (purple).

This suggests that the purple allele is dominant over the white allele, but not completely dominant, as evidenced by the presence of white flowers in the F2 generation. Additionally, the ratio of purple to white flowers in the F2 generation (15:1) is consistent with the expected ratio for incomplete dominance (9:3:3:1), further supporting this mode of inheritance.

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Genetic genealogy sites are a powerful tool because they can be used to identify genetic relationships between individuals.

This can be helpful in identifying potential suspects or relatives in criminal investigations. Additionally, genetic genealogy can be used to uncover familial connections that may not have been previously known. By comparing the DNA of an individual to the DNA of others in the genealogy database, connections can be made and relationships can be established.

This can help investigators solve cold cases and identify potential suspects. In the case of the cold case serial killer, the police were able to use genetic genealogy to identify a candidate for the crime by comparing the DNA of the suspect to the DNA of others in the database. This allowed them to establish a familial connection and potentially solve the case.

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Metabolic Pathways • Multistep series or pathway, with each step catalyzed by enzymes.

Enzyme Structure • Simple enzymes consist of proteins alone • Conjugated enzymes contain protein and nonprotein molecules - referred to as a holoenzyme - Apoenzyme: protein portion - Cofactors: - either organic molecules called coenzymes e.g. vitamins - or inorganic elements e.g. metal ions Metabolism and the Role of Enzymes • Metabolism: - Pertains to all chemical reactions of cell • Anabolism: A building and bond-making process that forms large macromolecules from small ones. - Requires input of energy (= endergonic) • Catabolism: - Breaks bonds of large molecules into small molecules - Releases energy (=exergonic) Enzymes • Biological catalysts: - Increase rate of chemical reactions - Do not become part of product(s) - Are not consumed - Do not create a reaction - Lower activation energy - May need coenzyme or inorganic cofactor

Metabolic pathways are a series of multistep reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without becoming part of the product or being consumed. Enzymes are composed of a protein portion called the apoenzyme and a nonprotein portion called a cofactor. Cofactors can be either organic molecules called coenzymes, such as vitamins, or inorganic elements, such as metal ions.

Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within a cell. There are two types of metabolic reactions: anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is a building and bond-making process that forms larger macromolecules from smaller ones and requires an input of energy, making it an endergonic reaction. Catabolism, on the other hand, breaks bonds of larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy, making it an exergonic reaction.

Enzymes play a crucial role in metabolism by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. This allows reactions to proceed at a faster rate and makes them more efficient. Enzymes may also require the assistance of a coenzyme or inorganic cofactor in order to function properly.

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Darwin and Went's experiments on plant responses to light and the hormone responsible.
Darwin's Experiment on Plant Response to Light: Darwin's experiment was to investigate how the light affected plant shoots' growth. He observed that the plant shoots grow towards the source of light. He placed plants near a window with a horizontal glass plate in the middle, which blocked light to one side. He noticed that the plant shoots grew towards the window, which was the source of light. He also observed that the tips of the shoots showed greater growth. The area responsible for this is known as the tip of the stem.The light sensitivity of the plant is due to the hormone Auxin. Auxin is synthesized in the plant's tip and migrates down the stem, causing the stem to elongate.

The amount of Auxin produced is affected by the amount of light received by the plant. Went's Experiment on Plant Responses to Light: Went used oat and coleoptile to test the light sensitivity of plants. He discovered that the tip of the oat coleoptile is the light-sensitive portion. When the tip was covered, the coleoptile did not curve towards the light. Went demonstrated that a chemical known as auxin or indoleacetic acid (IAA) is responsible for coleoptile bending. When the tip was removed and placed on agar, it produced auxin, which caused the coleoptile to curve towards the light. Went's experiment showed that auxin is a chemical messenger that travels from the tip to the lower part of the plant and causes the plant to bend towards light or away from gravity.

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The relative distance between the genes on their chromosome is important information based on the recombination frequency between any two linked genes. Option B.

Recombination frequency refers to the likelihood of two alleles on a chromosome that tends to be inherited together to be separated by recombination. The frequency of recombination is correlated with the distance between the linked genes that the chromosomes carry.

The greater the frequency of recombination, the greater the relative distance between the linked genes. A lower frequency of recombination implies that the linked genes are positioned closer together on a chromosome.

As the frequency of recombination rises, the relative distance between two linked genes on a chromosome also rises. The frequency of recombination in a cross between two genes can be used to determine the order of genes on a chromosome, as well as the relative distances between them.

Recombination is critical in the genetic analysis since it allows for the mapping of genes on chromosomes. Thus, the relative distance between the genes on their chromosome is important information based on the recombination frequency between any two linked genes.

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In a scenario where a highly effective, cheap vaccine for malaria is used to vaccinate and protect over 90% of the population of Africa, it is hypothesized that the frequency of the sickle cell allele in Africa will decrease. This is because the sickle cell allele is a genetic mutation that provides a natural resistance to malaria. Individuals with the sickle cell allele are less likely to contract malaria and therefore have a higher chance of survival and reproduction, leading to an increase in the frequency of the allele in the population.

However, if a vaccine is introduced and effectively eliminates the threat of malaria, there will be less selective pressure for the sickle cell allele. Individuals without the allele will have the same chance of survival and reproduction as those with the allele, leading to a decrease in the frequency of the sickle cell allele in the population. Additionally, the sickle cell allele is associated with sickle cell anemia, a serious genetic disorder that can cause severe health problems. Without the selective pressure of malaria, individuals with the sickle cell allele may be less likely to reproduce and pass on the allele, further decreasing its frequency in the population.

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