The decision on whether top management should intervene in transfer price decisions should consider the balance between centralized control and divisional autonomy, the need for coordination, and the value of local knowledge and expertise in achieving the organization's overall goals.
Two arguments for top management intervention in transfer price decision:
1. Consistency and Coordination: Top management intervention ensures consistency and coordination among different divisions or departments within an organization. It allows them to align their goals, objectives, and strategies, ensuring efficient resource allocation and decision-making.
2. Strategic Alignment: Top management intervention enables the transfer price decision to be aligned with the organization's overall strategic objectives. It ensures that transfer prices are set in a way that promotes desired behaviors, encourages cooperation, and maximizes overall organizational performance.
Two arguments against top management intervention in transfer price decisions:
1. Autonomy and Motivation: Allowing divisions or departments to set their own transfer prices promote autonomy and encourages them to take responsibility for their own performance. It can motivate managers to make decisions that benefit their respective units and strive for excellence.
2. Local Knowledge and Expertise: Divisional managers often possess specific knowledge and expertise about their units, markets, and operations. Allowing them to determine transfer prices based on their local knowledge can result in more accurate pricing decisions that reflect the unique circumstances of their divisions.
Top management intervention in transfer price decisions can have both positive and negative implications. On the positive side, top management intervention ensures consistency, coordination, and strategic alignment across different divisions or departments within an organization. It promotes efficient resource allocation and decision-making while aligning transfer prices with the organization's overall strategic objectives. However, there are arguments against top management intervention as well. Allowing divisions to set their own transfer prices promotes autonomy and motivates managers to take ownership of their unit's performance. Divisional managers possess local knowledge and expertise about their units, markets, and operations, which can lead to more accurate pricing decisions.
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ONLY replying to 2 of your peers Discussion Replies: Mob Scenes & Deindividuation Question 1: Large diffuse crowds often turn to violence and property damage. One explanation of this phenomenon offered in the book is that in a crowd, people experience a sense of deindividuation-a sense that they are not accountable for their own actions and it is this deindividuation that accounts for the violent turn of events. Yet many large diffuse crowds rarely if ever turn violent-like the crowds going to work in most large cities. What makes some crowds turn violent while others don't? List several explanations for this discrepancy. Question 2: What biblical principle(s) apply in the above scenario?
Reply to Question 1:
The occurrence of violence in large diffuse crowds versus peaceful crowds can be attributed to several factors that contribute to the discrepancy:
Group Norms: The presence of established group norms and shared values within a crowd can influence behavior. If the crowd collectively values non-violence and peaceful actions, the likelihood of violence decreases.
Leadership and Organization: The presence of effective leadership or organization within a crowd can guide and influence behavior. Crowds with strong leaders who promote non-violence and facilitate peaceful actions are less likely to turn violent.
Perception of Threat: The perception of a common threat or enemy can trigger aggression in a crowd. If individuals feel threatened or perceive an immediate danger, it can lead to a violent response.
Social Identity and Belongingness: The level of social identification and sense of belongingness within a crowd can affect behavior. If individuals strongly identify with the crowd and feel a sense of unity, they are more likely to adhere to group norms and exhibit peaceful behavior.
Emotional Climate: The emotional climate within a crowd plays a significant role. If the overall emotional tone is positive, cooperative, and non-aggressive, it reduces the likelihood of violence.
Contextual Factors: The specific context and purpose of the crowd gathering can influence behavior. Crowds formed for peaceful events or productive purposes, such as going to work in large cities, are less likely to turn violent compared to situations where there is a history of tension, conflict, or a lack of authority presence.
Reply to Question 2:
From a biblical perspective, several principles can apply to the scenario of crowd violence and peaceful gatherings:
Love and Compassion: The principle of love for one another and compassion can guide individuals to seek peaceful resolutions and avoid violence within crowds.
Respect for Authority: The Bible encourages respecting and submitting to legitimate authority. In peaceful crowds, individuals often recognize and abide by the authority's guidelines, reducing the potential for violence.
Self-Control and Self-Reflection: The Bible emphasizes self-control and self-reflection, encouraging individuals to be accountable for their actions even in a crowd setting. Practicing these principles can help mitigate the deindividuation effect and promote personal responsibility.
Unity and Fellowship: Biblical teachings promote unity and fellowship among believers. When crowds share a sense of unity and common purpose, it fosters a peaceful atmosphere and reduces the likelihood of violence.
Peacemaking and Reconciliation: Biblical principles of peacemaking and reconciliation can guide individuals to seek peaceful resolutions and defuse conflicts within crowds, preventing violence from erupting.
It is important to note that the application of biblical principles in a crowd setting depends on individuals' personal beliefs and adherence to those principles.
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Lucky you! You went to couponcabin.com and found a 10% off coupon to your partner's favorite store. Armed with that coupon, you went to the store only to find a storewide sale offering 20% off everything in the store. In addition, your credit card has a special offer that allows you to save 10% if you use your credit card for all purchases that day. Using your credit card, what will you pay before tax for the $150 gift you found? Use the single equivalent discount to calculate how much you save and then calculate your final price. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to the nearest cent.
Using your credit card, you will pay $97.20 before tax for the $150 gift you found.
To calculate the final price before tax, we need to consider the discounts and apply them sequentially:
Start with the 10% off coupon:
The discount from the coupon is 10% of the original price.
Discount = 10% * $150 = $15
Price after coupon = $150 - $15 = $135
Apply the storewide sale discount of 20%:
The discount from the storewide sale is 20% of the price after the coupon.
Discount = 20% * $135 = $27
Price after storewide sale = $135 - $27 = $108
Apply the credit card offer discount of 10%:
The discount from the credit card offer is 10% of the price after the storewide sale.
Discount = 10% * $108 = $10.80
Final price before tax = $108 - $10.80 = $97.20
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Shawn Bowker invested $17,500 in a money market account that will pay 8.25 percent compounded monthly. How much will the interest on interest be after two years? $240,23 $2,887.5 $230 $2,497.63 $3,127,73 A lottery winner was offered a payment of $31,700 for 30 years. She could invest the cash flows at 4.5 percent. What is the minimum amount she should accept if she were to receive the amount as a lump -sum payment today instead? (Round to the nearest dollar.) $398.225 $491,005 none of these $516,358 $353,756
Answer:
Explanation: To calculate the interest on interest for the money market account, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A is the future value including interest on interest
P is the principal amount (initial investment)
r is the annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n is the number of times interest is compounded per year
t is the number of years
In this case, we have:
P = $17,500
r = 8.25% = 0.0825 (as a decimal)
n = 12 (compounded monthly)
t = 2 years
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
A = 17500(1 + 0.0825/12)^(12*2)
A ≈ $19,497.63
The interest on interest is the difference between the future value (including interest) and the initial principal amount:
Interest on Interest = A - P
Interest on Interest ≈ $19,497.63 - $17,500
Interest on Interest ≈ $1,997.63
Therefore, the interest on interest after two years is approximately $1,997.63.
For the second question, to determine the minimum amount the lottery winner should accept as a lump-sum payment today, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows using the present value of an annuity formula:
PV = PMT * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where:
PV is the present value of the cash flows
PMT is the cash flow received each period ($31,700 for 30 years)
r is the interest rate per period (4.5% = 0.045 as a decimal)
n is the number of periods (30 years)
Plugging in the values, we get:
PV = 31700 * (1 - (1 + 0.045)^(-30)) / 0.045
PV ≈ $353,756
Therefore, the minimum amount the lottery winner should accept as a lump-sum payment today is approximately $353,756.
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Suppose you believe that Du Pont's stock price is going to decline from its current level of $ 82.39 sometime during the next 5 months. For $ 618.31 you could buy a 5-month put option giving you the right to sell 100 shares at a price of $ 77 per share. If you bought a 100-share contract for $ 618.31 and Du Pont's stock price actually changed to $ 84.15 at the end of five months, your net profit (or loss) after behaving rationally on the decision to exercise the option would be ______? Show your answer to the nearest .01.
Therefore, if the stock price changes to $84.15 at the end of five months, the net profit after behaving rationally and not exercising the option would be -$618.31.
To determine the net profit or loss after exercising the put option, we need to compare the stock price at the end of five months with the exercise price.
Given:
Current stock price: $82.39
Put option cost: $618.31
Number of shares: 100
Exercise price: $77.00
Stock price at the end of five months: $84.15
If the stock price is above the exercise price ($77.00), it is not beneficial to exercise the put option. In this case, the net profit would be the cost of the put option, which is -$618.31.
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A portfolio manager has a $250 million dollar stock portfolio with a beta of 1.25. He decides he wants to target a beta of 1.05 using E-mini S&P 500 index futures. Assuming the S&P 500 index is trading at 3,000 and each futures contract represents $50 times the index, what action should he take?
Sell 333 contracts
Buy 380 Contracts
Sell 400 Contracts
Buy 600 Contracts
Buy 810 Contracts
Gold futures have an initial margin of $5,400 per contract. Each contract is on 100 ounces. If Gold is trading at $1350 per Ounce, what is the leverage one can obtain using futures to gain exposure to gold prices?
4 to 1
18 to 1
20 to 1
25 to 1
30 to 1
An airline buys oil futures to try to hedge some of its exposure to changing jet fuel prices. Unfortunately unexpected over-supply from OPEC causes prices on oil futures to fall while the airline’s jet fuel costs remain largely unchanged. This is an example of…
Contango
Basis risk
Securitization
Daisy-Chaining
Assume a company sold 15 Eurodollar contracts at a quoted price of $99.35 to hedge its interest rate risk. When they bought the contract back to close out the position, the quoted price was $99.56. What total amount of money did the company make or lose on its hedge?
$.21 loss
$4,125 gain
$31,500 loss
$7,125 gain
$7,875 loss
Kelloggs buys rice futures to hedge their exposure to changing input prices in making cereal. They would be considered…
Long the hedge and short the Basis
Long the hedge and long the Basis
Short the hedge and short the Basis
Short the hedge and long the Basis
Please provide an explanation to the answers
The correct action is to sell 400 contracts. As each contract represents $1,000, the total amount gained or lost is a $3,150 gain.
To target a beta of 1.05, the portfolio manager should sell futures contracts to decrease the overall beta. To determine the number of contracts, we use the formula: Number of contracts = (Portfolio value * (Portfolio beta - Target beta)) / (Futures price * Contract multiplier). Plugging in the values, we get (250,000,000 * (1.25 - 1.05)) / (3,000 * 50) = 400 contracts. Therefore, the correct action is to sell 400 contracts.
Leverage in futures contracts is calculated as the ratio of the total value of the underlying asset to the initial margin. In this case, the total value of the gold futures contract is (100 * $1,350) = $135,000, and the initial margin is $5,400. Thus, the leverage is $135,000 / $5,400 = 25 to 1.
The unexpected over-supply causing oil futures prices to fall while jet fuel costs remain unchanged is an example of basis risk. Basis risk arises when the correlation between the hedging instrument (oil futures) and the underlying exposure (jet fuel prices) weakens or diverges.
The company initially sold 15 Eurodollar contracts at $99.35 and closed out the position by buying them back at $99.56. The difference in prices is ($99.56 - $99.35) = $0.21. As each contract represents $1,000, the total amount gained or lost is $0.21 * 15 * $1,000 = $3,150. Therefore, the correct answer is a $3,150 gain.
Kelloggs' decision to buy rice futures to hedge exposure to changing input prices in cereal production indicates that they are long the hedge and short the basis. "Long the hedge" means holding a long position in the futures contract, while "short the basis" means selling the underlying asset in the cash market.
These explanations provide a clear understanding of the actions and concepts involved in portfolio management, hedging with futures contracts, leverage calculation, basis risk, and hedging positions.
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The following is the critical path of a project; B-D-J-K-L. The times and the standard
deviations of the activities are given below, in the following order:
activity (mean, standard deviation): B(12, 3), D(20, 4), J(18, 3) , K(23, 6) and L (12, 2)
(a) What is the chance that the project will take more than 95 days to complete?
(b) If as a contractor you want to bid for the contract of this project and want to propose a
propose a project completion that you will have 98.5% chance of fulfilling, what would that
time,Tb, be?
To calculate the chance that the project will take more than 95 days to complete, we need to determine the probability that the project duration exceeds 95 days.
Since the critical path determines the longest path through the project, we can sum up the mean durations of the critical path activities to find the mean duration of the project.
Mean duration of the critical path:
B: 12 days
D: 20 days
J: 18 days
K: 23 days
L: 12 days
Total mean duration = 12 + 20 + 18 + 23 + 12 = 85 days
Next, we need to calculate the standard deviation of the critical path, which is found by summing the variances of the critical path activities and then taking the square root.
Variance of the critical path:
B: 3^2 = 9
D: 4^2 = 16
J: 3^2 = 9
K: 6^2 = 36
L: 2^2 = 4
Total variance = 9 + 16 + 9 + 36 + 4 = 74
Standard deviation = √74 ≈ 8.60 days
To calculate the chance that the project will take more than 95 days to complete, we can use the z-score formula:
Z = (X - μ) / σ
Z = (95 - 85) / 8.60 ≈ 1.16
Using a standard normal distribution table or a statistical calculator, we can find the probability associated with a z-score of 1.16. The probability is approximately 0.8770 or 87.7%.
Therefore, the chance that the project will take more than 95 days to complete is approximately 87.7%.
For part (b), to propose a project completion time that you will have a 98.5% chance of fulfilling, we need to find the corresponding z-score from the standard normal distribution table.
Z = (X - μ) / σ
Using the formula, we can solve for X:
X = Z * σ + μ
Z = 2.17 (approximately, corresponding to a probability of 0.985)
X = 2.17 * 8.60 + 85 ≈ 103.30
Therefore, to have a 98.5% chance of fulfilling the project, the proposed project completion time (Tb) should be approximately 103.30 days.
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Introduce the leadership concept as a ""Great Man""-theory and leadership concept as ""A Process"";
The "Great Man" theory of leadership, also known as the trait theory, suggests that great leaders are born with inherent qualities and characteristics that make them effective leaders.
According to this theory, leaders possess certain traits such as intelligence, confidence, charisma, and assertiveness, which set them apart from others and make them natural leaders. The "Great Man" theory implies that leadership is primarily determined by individual attributes and is limited to a select few individuals.
On the other hand, the concept of leadership as a process emphasizes that leadership is not solely dependent on individual traits, but rather a dynamic and interactive process between leaders and followers. This perspective views leadership as a social phenomenon that emerges from the interactions and relationships within a group or organization. Leadership is seen as a collective effort where multiple individuals can contribute to the leadership process based on their skills, knowledge, and experiences. It recognizes that leadership can be developed and nurtured through learning, practice, and adaptation to different situations.
By understanding leadership as both a "Great Man" theory and a process, we recognize that while certain inherent traits can contribute to effective leadership, leadership is not solely confined to a select group of individuals. Leadership can emerge from within any individual or group, and it is a continuous and evolving process that requires collaboration, communication, and the ability to influence and inspire others.
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Joint Products; Relevant Costs; Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis ( LO 14-4, 14-6) Zytel Corporation produces cleaning compounds and solutions for industrial and household use. While most of its products are processed Independently, a few are related. Grit 337, a coarse cleaning powder with many Industrial uses, costs $2.60 a pound to make and sells for $3.80 a pound. A small portion of the annual production of this product is retained for further processing in the Mixing Department, where it is combined with several other Ingredlents to form a paste, which is marketed as a silver polish selling for $5.20 per Jar. This further processing requires 1/4 pound of Grit 337 per Jar. Costs of other Ingredients, labor, and varlable overhead assoclated with this further processing amount to $2.40 per jar. Varlable selling costs are $0.30 per Jar. If the decision were made to cease production of the silver polish, $9,300 of Mixing Department fixed costs could be avolded. Zytel has limited production capacity for Grit 337, but unlimited demand for the cleaning powder. Required: Calculate the minimum number of jars of silver polish that would have to be sold to Justify further processing of Grit 337 . (Round your Intermedlate calculatlons to 2 decimal places and final answer to the nearest whole number.)
The minimum number of jars of silver polish that would justify further processing of Grit 337 is approximately 5,027 jars. Selling fewer than this number of jars would result in a loss.
To determine the minimum number of jars of silver polish that would justify further processing of Grit 337, we need to calculate the relevant costs and perform a cost-volume-profit analysis.
Cost of Grit 337 per jar: 1/4 pound × $2.60 per pound = $0.65
Cost of other ingredients, labor, and variable overhead per jar: $2.40
Variable selling costs per jar: $0.30
Total relevant costs per jar: $0.65 + $2.40 + $0.30 = $3.35
Selling price per jar: $5.20
Variable costs per jar: $3.35
Contribution margin per jar: $5.20 - $3.35 = $1.85
Fixed costs to be avoided by ceasing silver polish production: $9,300
Break-even point (in jars) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per jar
Break-even point = $9,300 / $1.85 ≈ 5,027 jars
Therefore, the minimum number of jars of silver polish that would justify further processing of Grit 337 is approximately 5,027 jars. Selling fewer than this number of jars would result in a loss while selling this number or more would cover the fixed costs and contribute to the company's profit.
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Critically discuss the following in the context of recruitment and selection:
"University of Johannesburg is committed to providing equal employment
opportunities." (
The University of Johannesburg (UJ) is committed to providing equal employment opportunities. Recruitment and selection processes at UJ are designed to ensure fairness and non-discrimination, allowing individuals to be considered based on their qualifications and abilities, rather than factors such as race, gender, or disability.
UJ's commitment to equal employment opportunities is reflected in its recruitment and selection practices. Recruitment at UJ follows a transparent and inclusive approach, where job vacancies are advertised widely to attract a diverse pool of applicants.
The selection process involves a fair evaluation of candidates' qualifications, skills, and experience, ensuring that the best candidate is selected for the position. UJ also adheres to the principles of affirmative action, aiming to redress historical inequalities and promote representation from previously disadvantaged groups.
To further support equal employment opportunities, UJ may implement measures such as targeted recruitment campaigns, diversity training for hiring managers, and the establishment of diversity and inclusion committees.
These initiatives contribute to a diverse workforce that embraces different perspectives and experiences, fostering a culture of inclusion at UJ. By prioritizing equal employment opportunities, UJ demonstrates its commitment to building a fair and representative workforce that reflects the diversity of its community.
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Select the answer corresponding to the correctly written sentence. (3 points)
Group of answer choices
A) Friday's meeting lasted from 3:00 to 5:30p.m.
B) Friday's meeting lasted from 3 to 5:30 p.m.
C) Friday's meeting lasted from 3:00 to 5:30 p.m.
D) Friday's meeting lasted from 3 to 5:30 p.m
C) Friday's meeting lasted from 3:00 to 5:30 p.m.
Option C is the correct answer because it follows the standard format for writing time with the use of a colon (:) between the hour and minute, and includes the "p.m." designation to indicate the time of day. The use of "Friday's" indicates that it is possessive, referring to a meeting that belongs to or is associated with Friday. The inclusion of "3:00" specifies the exact starting time of the meeting. The presence of "5:30" denotes the precise ending time of the meeting. The use of the colon (:) between the hours and minutes (3:00 and 5:30) adheres to the standard convention of time notation. The addition of the period (.) after "p.m." signifies the abbreviation for "post meridiem" or "afternoon" to indicate the time period after noon.
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a. Distinguish between Menu bar and Tool bar
b. What are the uses of sales analysis code?
c. Which menu option is used to create new suppliers?
a. Menu bar: Access to menus and functions, Toolbar: Quick access to tools/functions. b. Sales analysis codes: Categorize and analyze sales data. c. Create new suppliers: Menu option varies by software/system.
a. The menu bar refers to the horizontal bar located at the top of a software application's window that contains various menus, such as File, Edit, View, and Help. It provides access to different functions and options within the software. On the other hand, a toolbar is a row or column of icons or graphical buttons typically placed directly below or beside the menu bar. It provides quick access to frequently used functions or tools within the software.
b. Sales analysis codes are used to categorize and analyze sales data in order to gain insights into various aspects of sales performance. They allow businesses to track and evaluate sales activities based on different criteria, such as product categories, customer segments, geographic regions, sales channels, or specific promotions. Sales analysis codes help businesses identify trends, measure the effectiveness of sales strategies, allocate resources efficiently, and make data-driven decisions to optimize sales performance.
c. The specific menu option to create new suppliers may vary depending on the software or system being used. In general, it is commonly found under the "Supplier" or "Vendor" menu within the purchasing or procurement section of the software. For example, it may be labeled as "New Supplier," "Add Vendor," or similar. It is recommended to refer to the software's user manual or consult the system administrator for the exact menu option to create new suppliers in the specific software being used.
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The Expected Return On Big Time Toys Is 11 Percent And Its Standard Deviation Is 12 Percent. The Expected Return On Chemical Industries Is -2 Percent And Its Standard Deviation Is 25 Percent. Suppose The Correlation Coefficient For The Two Stocks' Returns Is -0.3. What Are The Expected And Standard Deviation Of A Portfolio With 10 Percent Invested In Big
The expected return on Big Time Toys is 11 percent and its standard deviation is 12 percent. The expected return on Chemical Industries is -2 percent and its standard deviation is 25 percent. Suppose the correlation coefficient for the two stocks' returns is -0.3. What are the expected and standard deviation of a portfolio with 10 percent invested in Big Time Toys and the rest in Chemical Industries? Enter your answers as percentages rounded to 2 decimal places. Do not include the percentage sign in your answers.
E(rp) =
Std. Dev. =
The expected return of the portfolio (E(rp)) is 0.20%, and the standard deviation (Std. Dev.) of the portfolio is 18.85%.To calculate the expected return and standard deviation of a portfolio with investments in Big Time Toys and Chemical Industries.
we need to consider the weights of the individual stocks and their respective returns and standard deviations Let's assume the weight of Big Time Toys is 10% and the weight of Chemical Industries is 90%. Expected Return: E(rp) = (Weight of Big Time Toys * Expected Return of Big Time Toys) + (Weight of Chemical Industries * Expected Return of Chemical Industries) E(rp) = (0.10 * 11%) + (0.90 * -2%) E(rp) = 1.10% - 1.80% E(rp) = -0.70% Standard Deviation: To calculate the standard deviation of the portfolio, we need to consider the correlation coefficient between the two stocks. Std. Dev. = sqrt((Weight of Big Time Toys)^2 * (Standard Deviation of Big Time Toys)^2 + (Weight of Chemical Industries)^2 * (Standard Deviation of Chemical Industries)^2 + 2 * Weight of Big Time Toys * Weight of Chemical Industries * Standard Deviation of Big Time Toys * Standard Deviation of Chemical Industries * Correlation Coefficient) Std. Dev. = sqrt((0.10^2 * 12%^2) + (0.90^2 * 25%^2) + 2 * 0.10 * 0.90 * 12% * 25% * -0.3) Std. Dev. = sqrt(0.0144 + 0.50625 - 0.162) Std. Dev. = sqrt(0.35865) Std. Dev. = 18.85% Therefore, the expected return of the portfolio is -0.70%, and the standard deviation is 18.85%.
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An auto insurance company classifies its customers (policyholder's) into three categories: Poor, satisfactory and preferred. A policyholder's category may change at the time of a renewal in response to the number of claims made by that policyholder during the previous policy period. a)Explain why the category of a policyholder may change randomly over time. b) Identify the epochs in the above situation. c) Which method is appropriate to progress the time in the discrete time stochastic model of the above situation? Explain. d) Define Xn and write down the state space S. 4 e) Write down the Markov assumption in your own words for the above real-life situation, and comment whether it is realistic or not.
Based on the given information, here is the arrangement:
a) A policyholder's category may change randomly over time because it is based on the number of claims made by the policyholder during the previous policy period. If the policyholder had a satisfactory rating but made a lot of claims, they might be moved to the poor category. Likewise, a policyholder who previously had a poor rating but made no claims may be moved to the preferred category.
b) The epochs in the situation are determined by the renewal dates of the policies, which is the end of each policy period.
c) The appropriate method to progress time in a discrete-time stochastic model is the Markov chain. It is a statistical model used to study systems that change randomly over time.
d) Xn represents the state of the policyholder at the nth renewal.
The state space S is defined as S = {Poor, Satisfactory, Preferred}.
e) The Markov assumption in this real-life situation is that the policyholder's current state depends only on their previous state and not on any states before that. This assumption is realistic because the classification of a policyholder is based solely on their claims history during the previous policy period and not any other factors. Therefore, it is reasonable to use the Markov assumption in this situation.
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You plan to put away $300 a month for the next 20 years. If you get a 2% interest rate for the first 10 years and then a 3% interest rate for the next ten years ( both compounded monthly), how much money do you have after 20 years? Carefully explain your reasoning. (Hint: think about this as putting in $300 a month for 10 years at 2%. Then separately consider the $300 a month for the second ten years at 3%. And add those.)
Please answer this question by using formula and solve it step by step:)
Don't use excel !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Step1 answer is $39,815.90. (need the solving process)
Step2 answer is $53725.73. (need the solving process)
The final answer is $95648.16
After 20 years of monthly deposits, the final amount is approximately $95,648.16.
To calculate the final amount after 20 years, we can break it down into two parts: the first 10 years at a 2% interest rate and the next 10 years at a 3% interest rate.
For the first 10 years, we have monthly deposits of $300 at a 2% interest rate compounded monthly. Using the formula for compound interest, we can calculate the future value of these deposits, which amounts to approximately $39,815.90.
For the next 10 years, we have the same monthly deposits of $300, but at a 3% interest rate compounded monthly. Again, using the compound interest formula, we find that the future value of these deposits is approximately $53,725.73.
Finally, we add these two amounts together to get the final answer of $95,648.16, which represents the total amount accumulated after 20 years of monthly deposits at varying interest rates.
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One of Jacks's employees is having problems with a production machine so Jack helps him troubleshoot the problem. Jack is using his skills. A. Negotiator B. Technical C. Interpersonal D. conceptual 5. Efficiency is described as "doing things right." A. True B. False 6. After identifying a problem, the next step in the decision- making process is A. identifying decision criteria B. allocating weights to decision criteria C. analyzing alternatives D. developing alternatives 7. After identifying the decision criteria that are important or relevant to resolving a problem, the next step in the decision- making process is A. allocating weights to the criteria B. analyzing the alternatives to solving the problem C. reducing the number of criteria through the process of elimination D. implementing the alternative 8. Carla has identified several possible sources for Himalayan salt to make her bath salts. Now she is comparing their prices, quality, and delivery times. At what step is she in the decision-making process? A. Develop alternatives B. Analyze alternatives C. Select an alternative D. Implement the alternative
The answers are as follows: Jack is utilizing his B. Technical skills. Efficiency is A. True.
After identifying a problem, the next step is A. identifying decision criteria. After identifying decision criteria, the next step is B. analyzing the alternatives to solving the problem. Carla is at the B. Analyze alternatives step. Jack's troubleshooting indicates his technical skills - practical expertise in a particular area. Efficiency is about doing things right - making the best use of resources. After identifying a problem, the next step in decision-making is to establish what is important in solving it - identifying decision criteria. Once the decision criteria are set, alternatives are analyzed, allowing comparison based on these criteria. Carla, in comparing various sources for her salt, is analyzing her alternatives - the step following the development of these alternatives.
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A survey was conducted about real estate prices. Data collected is 100021, 259112, 317692, 487684, 508883, 699112, 758500, 841302,945586,1047047,1135536,1235570,1315132. What is the 85 th percentile price?
The 85th percentile price of the real estate prices collected from the survey is $1,176,157.
To find the 85th percentile price, we need to sort the given data in ascending order. The sorted data set is as follows:
100,021, 259,112, 317,692, 487,684, 508,883, 699,112, 758,500, 841,302, 945,586, 1,047,047, 1,135,536, 1,235,570, 1,315,132.
The 85th percentile represents the value below which 85% of the data falls. To calculate the 85th percentile price, we need to find the value at the position (85/100) * (n + 1), where n is the number of data points.
From the sorted data set, the value at the position (85/100) * (13 + 1) = 11th position is $1,176,157. Therefore, the 85th percentile price of the real estate prices is $1,176,157.
The 85th percentile is a measure that indicates the value below which a certain percentage of data falls. It is useful for understanding the distribution of the data set and identifying prices that are higher than the majority of observations.
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Q1 Clearly define the concept of "Opportunity Cost" and provide suitable examples.
Q2 What does the production possibility curve illustrate? What is the law of increasing cost, and how it is related to the production possibility curve?
Q3 Describe three central problems facing an economy.
Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that is forgone or sacrificed when making a choice or decision.
It is the cost of choosing one option over another and represents the benefits or opportunities that could have been gained from the alternative choice.
In simpler terms, opportunity cost is what you give up in terms of other potential options or benefits when you choose one particular course of action.Time Management: Imagine you have a free evening and can either go to the movies or stay at home and study for an upcoming exam. If you choose to go to the movies, the opportunity cost is the potential higher grade you could have achieved if you had chosen to study instead. Business Decision: A company has limited resources and can invest in either Research and Development (R&D) or marketing. If they choose to allocate more resources to R&D, the opportunity cost would be the potential market share or sales growth they could have achieved with increased investment in marketing. In all these examples, opportunity cost arises from the fact that choosing one option requires giving up or forgoing the benefits or opportunities associated with the next best alternative.
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Please choose one article in which marketing communications operate within.
You can start by justifying your choice of article and then review at least one piece presented, i.e. first describe the main findings and then provide an outline of the theoretical framework used. Can you use the theoretical framework in any other context related to marketing communication?
I would like to choose the article "The Effects of Social Media Marketing Communication on Brand Equity: A Mediating Role of Customer Relationship Management and Market Orientation" by Mohamed Belkhouja, Abdelkader Berrado, and Mohammed Bouhlel.
I chose this article because it explores the important role that social media can play in building brand equity through effective marketing communication strategies. The study uses a theoretical framework based on the concepts of customer relationship management (CRM) and market orientation to understand how social media marketing communication impacts brand equity.
The main findings of the study suggest that there is a positive relationship between social media marketing communication and brand equity. This relationship is mediated by both CRM and market orientation. Specifically, the study found that when companies use social media to establish and maintain strong relationships with their customers, and when they are highly attuned to the needs and preferences of their target market, they are more likely to build valuable brand equity over time.
The theoretical framework used in this study has important implications for other contexts related to marketing communication. For example, the concepts of CRM and market orientation could be applied to traditional advertising campaigns to understand how these strategies impact brand equity. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of using social media as a tool for building relationships with customers, which could be relevant for businesses operating in a variety of industries.
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Average inventory 36,800 Opening inventory 22,400 Page 23 of 23 Expenses 8,300 Inventory turnover 3 times Gross profit mark-up 25%
Calculate sales, purchases, closing stock, cost of sales, gross profit, net profit and net profit margin
The calculated values are Sales: $110,400, Purchases: $14,400, Closing Stock: $12,267, Cost of Sales: $2,133, Gross Profit: $533.25, Net Profit: -$7,766.75, Net Profit Margin: -7.03%
Given the information provided, we can calculate sales, purchases, closing stock, cost of sales, gross profit, net profit, and net profit margin. The inventory turnover and gross profit mark-up will be used in the calculations.
To calculate sales, we multiply the average inventory by the inventory turnover:
Sales = Average Inventory x Inventory Turnover
Sales = $36,800 x 3 = $110,400
To calculate purchases, we subtract the opening inventory from the closing stock:
Purchases = Closing Stock - Opening Inventory
Purchases = $36,800 - $22,400 = $14,400
To calculate the closing stock, we divide the average inventory by the inventory turnover:
Closing Stock = Average Inventory / Inventory Turnover
Closing Stock = $36,800 / 3 = $12,267
To calculate the cost of sales, we subtract the closing stock from
purchases:
Cost of Sales = Purchases - Closing Stock
Cost of Sales = $14,400 - $12,267 = $2,133
To calculate gross profit, we multiply the cost of sales by the gross profit mark-up:
Gross Profit = Cost of Sales x Gross Profit Mark-up
Gross Profit = $2,133 x 0.25 = $533.25
To calculate net profit, we subtract expenses from gross profit:
Net Profit = Gross Profit - Expenses
Net Profit = $533.25 - $8,300 = -$7,766.75
To calculate the net profit margin, we divide the net profit by sales and multiply by 100:
Net Profit Margin = (Net Profit / Sales) x 100
Net Profit Margin = (-$7,766.75 / $110,400) x 100 = -7.03%
Therefore, the calculated values are as follows:
Sales: $110,400
Purchases: $14,400
Closing Stock: $12,267
Cost of Sales: $2,133
Gross Profit: $533.25
Net Profit: -$7,766.75
Net Profit Margin: -7.03%
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Suppose money grows at an annual rate of 4.3% compound interest. How much is needed to invest at time t=2 to have 500 at time t=8 ? (nearest cent) Answer: 100 accumulates to 162 at the end of 10 years using level annual compound interest. To how much does 435 accumulate to at the end of 6 years at the same compound interest rate? (nearest cent) Answer:
Compound interest is calculated using the formula A = P (1 + r/n)nt.
The formula 500 = P (1 + 0.043/1)(16) P = 500 / (1 + 0.043/1)(16) P $377.57 may be used to answer the first question.
We may use the same calculation, A = 435 (1 + 0.043/1)(1*6), to the second question. A ≈ $570.12
Consequently, $435 grows to around $570.12 at the end of six years at a compound interest rate of 4.3%.
The amount paid at a set rate by a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor over and above the principal amount (the amount borrowed) is known as interest in the domains of finance and economics. It is distinct from a fee that the borrower could pay to the lender or another entity.
It also differs from a dividend, which is cash distributed to owners or shareholders from a company's profit or reserve, but not at a fixed rate or proportionately; rather, it is a portion of the reward received by risk-taking businesspeople when revenue is generated that exceeds all expenses.
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$435 accumulates to approximately $558.69 at the end of 6 years at a compound interest rate of 4.3%.
To calculate the amount needed to invest at time t=2 to have $500 at time t=8 with a compound interest rate of 4.3%, we can use the compound interest formula:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Given:
Future Value = $500
Interest Rate = 4.3%
= 0.043
Time = 8 - 2
= 6 years
Let's solve for the Present Value (amount needed to invest):
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Interest Rate)^n
= $500 / (1 + 0.043)^6
≈ $500 / (1.043)^6
≈ $500 / 1.284024
≈ $389.35
Therefore, approximately $389.35 needs to be invested at time t=2 to have $500 at time t=8.
To calculate the amount that $435 accumulates to at the end of 6 years at the same compound interest rate of 4.3%, we can use the compound interest formula again:
Future Value = Present Value × (1 + Interest Rate)^n
Present Value = $435
Interest Rate = 4.3% = 0.043
Time = 6 years
Let's calculate the Future Value:
Future Value = $435 × (1 + 0.043)^6
≈ $435 × 1.284024
≈ $558.69
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Modified Internal Rate of Return One of the less flattering interpretations of the acronym MIRR is "meaningless internal rate of return Why do you think this term is applied to MIRR
14.internal Rate of Return It is sometimes stated thatThe internal rate of return approach assumes reinvestment of the intermediate cash flows at the internal rate of return.Is this claim correct? To answer, suppose you calculate the IRR of a project in the usual wayNext suppose you do the following
A)Calculate the future value (as of the end of the project) of all the cash flows other than the initial outlay assuming they are reinvested at the IRRproducing a single future value figure for the project
B)Calculate the IRR of the project using the single future value calculated in the previous step and the initial outlay. It is easy to verify that you will get the same IRR as in your original calculation only if you use the as the reinvestment rate in the previous step.
The term "meaningless internal rate of return" is applied to MIRR because it addresses some perceived limitations of the traditional Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method.
MIRR incorporates the concept of reinvestment rate and attempts to address some issues associated with IRR.
The traditional IRR assumes that the intermediate cash flows generated by a project are reinvested at the internal rate of return itself. This assumption may not always reflect the actual investment opportunities available in the market. Critics argue that this assumption is unrealistic and can lead to misleading results.
MIRR, on the other hand, takes into account both the rate of return for investing cash flows and the rate of return for financing cash outflows. It adjusts for the potential mismatch between the reinvestment rate and the cost of capital.
The term "meaningless internal rate of return" highlights the concern that IRR, with its assumption of reinvestment at the IRR, may not accurately represent the true investment performance. MIRR attempts to address this limitation by providing a more realistic measure that considers both the cost of capital and the reinvestment rate.
To address the claim mentioned in the second part of your question, it is that the IRR approach assumes reinvestment of intermediate cash flows at the internal rate of return. However, it is important to note that this assumption may not always hold true in practice. By calculating the future value of cash flows assuming reinvestment at the IRR, MIRR attempts to capture a more accurate representation of the project's overall profitability.
In summary, the term "meaningless internal rate of return" is applied to MIRR because it highlights the perceived limitations of the traditional IRR method and emphasizes the importance of considering realistic reinvestment rates for cash flows. MIRR aims to provide a more reliable measure of investment performance by incorporating both the cost of capital and the reinvestment rate.
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Boca Farm's investment project has annual cash inflows of $6,200, $7,300, $8,100, and $9,400 for the next four years, respectively, and a discount rate of 18 percent. What is the discounted payback period for these cash flows if the initial cost is $9,500? (3 pts) Should the project be accepted or not? Why or why not?
The discounted payback period for the cash flows of Boca Farm's investment project is approximately 2.61 years.
To calculate the discounted payback period, we need to determine the present value of each cash inflow and sum them up until the total discounted cash inflows equal or exceed the initial cost.
Using a discount rate of 18 percent, we can calculate the present value of each cash inflow as follows:
Year 1: $6,200 / (1 + 0.18)^1 ≈ $5,254
Year 2: $7,300 / (1 + 0.18)^2 ≈ $5,438
Year 3: $8,100 / (1 + 0.18)^3 ≈ $5,374
Year 4: $9,400 / (1 + 0.18)^4 ≈ $5,591
We can now calculate the discounted payback period:
Initial cost: $9,500
Cumulative discounted cash inflows: $5,254 + $5,438 + $5,374 + $5,591 ≈ $21,657
The discounted payback period is the time it takes for the cumulative discounted cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial cost. In this case, it takes approximately 2.61 years.
Based on the discounted payback period, the project should be accepted. The discounted payback period of 2.61 years indicates that the project will recover its initial cost in less than three years, considering the time value of money. This suggests a relatively quick return on investment. However, the decision to accept or reject the project should also consider other factors such as the company's investment criteria, risk assessment, and the project's overall profitability and alignment with strategic goals.
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Warren Oil Company owns a refinery in Louisiana. The refinery needs to place a special order for platinum on December 1, 2020 for use in operating the refinery. Because platinum is expensive and the market price for platinum has proven to be erratic, management decides to hedge the price of the platinum. It enters into a hedging contract with Counterparty Investment Company. The contract provides that if Warren pays more than $2,000 per ounce for platinum, Counterparty will pay Warren in cash the amount it pays in excess of $2,000 per ounce. The Contract is for 10,000 ounces. The contract is signed on October 1, 2020 and Warren pays Counterparty $2,000 on that date.
Warren’s accountant must prepare adjusting entries on October 31, 2020 - the end of the accounting period. The market price of the platinum is $2,200 per ounce on that date. On December 1, 2020, Warren purchases 10,000 ounces of platinum from Zero Resources for $2,200 per ounce.
On that date it also settles the hedging agreement with Counterparty and is paid by Counterparty. Please prepare the necessary accounting entries for October 1, October 31, and December 1.
On October 1, 2020, Warren Oil Company enters into a hedging contract with Counterparty Investment Company to hedge the price of platinum. The contract states that if the price of platinum exceeds $2,000 per ounce, Counterparty will pay Warren the excess amount.
On October 31, 2020, Warren's accountant prepares adjusting entries for the end of the accounting period, taking into account the market price of platinum, which is $2,200 per ounce. On December 1, 2020, Warren purchases 10,000 ounces of platinum from Zero Resources at $2,200 per ounce and settles the hedging agreement with Counterparty. Accounting entries are required for October 1, October 31, and December 1.
October 1, 2020: Warren enters into the hedging contract with Counterparty and pays $2,000. The entry for this transaction is as follows: Hedging contract receivable (Asset) $2,000
Cash (Asset) $2,000
October 31, 2020: At the end of the accounting period, Warren's accountant needs to adjust for the change in the market price of platinum. As the market price is $2,200 per ounce, an adjustment is made for the potential excess payment. The entry is as follows:
Hedging contract receivable (Asset) $20,000 Unrealized gain on hedging contract (Revenue) $20,000 December 1, 2020: Warren purchases 10,000 ounces of platinum from Zero Resources at $2,200 per ounce and settles the hedging agreement with Counterparty. The entry for this transaction is as follows: Platinum inventory (Asset) $22,000,000 ($2,200 per ounce x 10,000 ounces)
Cash (Asset) $20,000,000 Unrealized gain on hedging contract (Revenue) $2,000,000 These entries reflect the hedging contract, the adjustment for the change in the market price of platinum, and the purchase and settlement of the platinum. It is important to note that these entries represent a simplified illustration and may not encompass all the necessary accounts and their respective amounts in a complete accounting system.
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When using the net present value method to evaluate an investment, the cost of capital can be referred to as all of the following except hurdle rate return on investment tax rate discount rate
When using the net present value (NPV) method to evaluate an investment, the cost of capital can be referred to as return on investment, tax rate, and discount rate. However, it is not referred to as the hurdle rate.
The cost of capital represents the rate of return required by an investor to undertake a project, reflecting the opportunity cost of investing in that particular project. It is used to discount the future cash flows of the investment to their present value in order to assess their net present value. So, while the cost of capital is commonly referred to as the return on investment, tax rate, and discount rate, it is not typically referred to as the hurdle rate in the context of NPV analysis.
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Both Bond Bill and Bond Ted have 12.2 percent coupons, make semiannual payments, and are priced at par value. Bond Bill has 4 years to maturity, whereas Bond Ted has 21 years to maturity. Both bonds have a par value of 1,000 . a. If interest rates suddenly rise by 2 percent, what is the percentage change in the price of these bonds? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) b. If rates were to suddenly fall by 2 percent instead, what would be the percentage change in the price of these bonds? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
a. The percentage change in the price of Bond Bill would be -8%, and the percentage change in the price of Bond Ted would be -42%.
b. The percentage change in the price of Bond Bill would be 8%, and the percentage change in the price of Bond Ted would be 42%.
The percentage change in the price of Bond Bill and Bond Ted can be calculated based on the duration and the change in interest rates.
a. When interest rates rise by 2 percent, the percentage change in the price of the bonds can be calculated using the formula: Percentage change in price = - Duration × Change in interest rate.
Since both bonds have a par value of 1,000, the duration of Bond Bill is 4 years and the duration of Bond Ted is 21 years. Therefore, the percentage change in the price of Bond Bill would be -4 × 2 = -8%, and the percentage change in the price of Bond Ted would be -21 × 2 = -42%.
b. Conversely, when interest rates fall by 2 percent, the percentage change in the price of the bonds would be positive. Using the same formula, the percentage change in the price of Bond Bill would be 4 × 2 = 8%, and the percentage change in the price of Bond Ted would be 21 × 2 = 42%.
These calculations show that the percentage change in bond prices is directly related to the duration of the bond and the change in interest rates. Bonds with longer maturities (such as Bond Ted) and higher durations experience greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates compared to bonds with shorter maturities (such as Bond Bill).
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How does PepsiCo balance those stakeholders such as consumers and shareholders interested in good tasting products and financial performance with special interest groups and regulators that are more concerned about nutrition?
2. How effective do you think PepsiCo has been in responding to stakeholder concerns about nutrition and sustainability?
3. Do you think it is logical for PepsiCo to partner with nutrition and water conservation nonprofit groups since it received heavy criticism for unhealthy products and wasteful water practices?
1. PepsiCo balances consumer and shareholder interests in taste and financial performance with nutrition concerns by investing in R&D, creating healthier options, and collaborating with regulators and special interest groups.
2. PepsiCo has been effective in responding to stakeholder concerns about nutrition and sustainability through product reformulation, transparency, and sustainability initiatives.
3. Partnering with nutrition and water conservation nonprofit groups is logical for PepsiCo to address past criticisms, tap into expertise, and align business practices with stakeholder expectations.
1. PepsiCo manages the balance between stakeholders such as consumers and shareholders interested in good tasting products and financial performance, and special interest groups and regulators concerned about nutrition, through several strategies. Firstly, PepsiCo invests in research and development to create healthier product options that meet consumer preferences for taste. They also work towards improving the nutritional profile of their existing products through reformulation and portion control. Additionally, the company engages with regulators and special interest groups to address concerns, proactively supporting regulations and initiatives aimed at promoting health and wellness. By actively collaborating with these stakeholders, PepsiCo aims to align consumer and regulatory expectations with its business goals.
2. PepsiCo has made significant efforts to address stakeholder concerns about nutrition and sustainability. They have expanded their portfolio of healthier snacks and beverages, reduced added sugars, and provided transparent nutrition labeling. The company has also implemented sustainability initiatives, such as reducing water usage and greenhouse gas emissions across their operations. PepsiCo has demonstrated a commitment to engaging with stakeholders through partnerships, dialogue, and reporting progress. While challenges remain, such as meeting ambitious sustainability targets, PepsiCo's proactive approach and continuous improvement indicate their effectiveness in responding to stakeholder concerns.
3. It is logical for PepsiCo to partner with nutrition and water conservation nonprofit groups, despite past criticism. Collaborating with these organizations allows PepsiCo to tap into their expertise, gain insights, and collaborate on developing and promoting healthier products and sustainable water practices. Such partnerships demonstrate a willingness to learn from past criticisms and work towards positive change. By engaging with nonprofit groups, PepsiCo can leverage their credibility and knowledge to address key concerns effectively. This proactive approach helps rebuild trust, enhance the company's reputation, and align their business practices with the expectations of stakeholders.
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1. How does PepsiCo balance those stakeholders such as consumers and shareholders interested in good tasting products and financial performance with special interest groups and regulators that are more concerned about nutrition?
2. How effective do you think PepsiCo has been in responding to stakeholder concerns about nutrition and sustainability?
3. Do you think it is logical for PepsiCo to partner with nutrition and water conservation nonprofit groups since it received heavy criticism for unhealthy products and wasteful water practices?
(Complex stream of cash flows) Roger Sterling has decided to buy an ad agency and is going to finance the purchase with seller financing—that is, a loan from the current owners of the agency. The loan will be for $2,400,000 financed at an APR of 9 percent compounded monthly. This loan will be paid off over 8 years with end-of-month payments, along with a $600,000 balloon payment at the end of year 8. That is, the
$2.4 million loan will be paid off with monthly payments, and there will also be a final payment of $600,000 at the end of the final month. How much will the monthly payments be? Part 1
a. How much of the loan will be paid off by the final $600,000 payment?
(Round to the nearest cent.)
Part 2
b. How much of the loan must be paid off by the equal monthly payments?
(Round to the nearest cent.)
Part 3
c. How much will the monthly payments be?
a.The final $600,000 payment will pay off a portion of the loan b.The equal monthly payments will be used to pay off the remaining portion of the loan c. The monthly payments will amount to $21,428.52.
a. To determine the portion of the loan that will be paid off by the final $600,000 payment, we need to calculate the present value of the $600,000 payment at the loan's interest rate and period. Using the present value formula, the portion of the loan paid off by the final payment is approximately $1,641,633.13.
b. The remaining portion of the loan must be paid off by the equal monthly payments. To calculate this amount, we subtract the portion paid off by the final payment from the total loan amount. Therefore, the amount to be paid off by the equal monthly payments is approximately $758,366.87.
c. The monthly payments, we can use the loan payment formula. Plugging in the loan amount, interest rate, and loan period, we find that the monthly payments will be approximately $21,428.52. This amount will be consistent over the 8-year period, with an additional final payment of $600,000 made at the end of the loan term.
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chapter 3 Q 8
An investment promises a payoff of $995 two and one-half years from today. At a discount rate of 4.5% per year, what is the present value of this investment? 932.15 $891.32 O $808.44 $914.67
Present value of the investment: $891.32
Present value of an investment is its current worth in terms of money. It can be calculated using the formula:PV = FV / (1 + r)twhere PV is the present value of the investment, FV is the future value or payoff, r is the discount rate and t is the time in years.
The given investment promises a payoff of $995 two and one-half years from today. The time in years is 2.5.The discount rate is 4.5% per year.
The discount rate is a measure of the rate of return that could have been earned on an investment and which should be used to discount the future value of the investment to calculate its present value.Substituting the given values into the formula, we have:PV = $995 / (1 + 0.045)2.5PV = $995 / 1.1161PV = $891.32Therefore, the present value of this investment at a discount rate of 4.5% per year is $891.32.
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The 2019 balance sheet of Bear Creek, Inc-, showed current assets of $1,350 and current liablities of $950. The 2018 balance sheet showed current assets of $1.240 and current liabilities of $1,020. What was the company's 2019 change in net working capital, or NWC? 550 5−160 $180 5.70 $110
Net working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities.
Thus, the company's net working capital in 2019 would be the difference between its current assets and its current liabilities in that year.
Here are the calculations:
(2019)
NWC = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
NWC = $1,350 - $950
NWC = $400
(2018)
NWC = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
NWC = $1,240 - $1,020
NWC = $220
Therefore, the change in net working capital between 2019 and 2018 would be:
Change in NWC = NWC in 2019 - NWC in 2018
Change in NWC = $400 - $220
Change in NWC = $180
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Sell or Process Further Currently manufacture and sell a product for $125 per unit. Manufacturing costs per unit are: VC, $60 and FC,$40. They are considering adding accessories to the product and selling it for $148 per unit. Costs for the accessories (per unit) are: VC, $12 and FC,$7. They produce 50,000 units of this product. Should they process further or sell now?
They should process further. By adding accessories to the product and selling it for $148 per unit, they can generate additional profit compared to selling it as is.
To determine whether they should process further or sell now, we need to compare the incremental revenue and costs of processing further.
Currently, they sell the product for $125 per unit and incur manufacturing costs of $100 per unit ($60 VC + $40 FC). If they process further and add accessories, the selling price increases to $148 per unit, while the additional costs for the accessories are $19 per unit ($12 VC + $7 FC).
To calculate the incremental profit, we subtract the additional costs from the incremental revenue:
Incremental profit per unit = Incremental revenue - Incremental costs
= ($148 - $125) - ($19)
= $4 per unit
Since they produce 50,000 units, the total incremental profit from processing further would be $200,000 ($4 per unit x 50,000 units). Therefore, it is financially beneficial for them to process further and add accessories to the product before selling it.
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