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A silent mutation would have the LEAST effect in humans.

Any change in a cell's DNA sequence can be referred to as a mutation. Mutations can be caused by errors during cell division or by exposure to DNA-damaging agents in the environment. Such mutation inducing agents are termed as mutagens. Examples of mutagens include UV light, mustard gas, etc. Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or inactive. A silent mutation occurs when a single DNA nucleotide change within a protein-coding portion of a gene has no effect on the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein. That's because proteins are encoded by "triplets" of nucleotides, each of which is responsible for adding a specific amino acid to the protein chain. A single nucleotide change, on the other hand, does not always change the meaning of the triplet; the mutated triplet may still add the same amino acid. And, researchers reasoned, when a protein's amino acids remain constant, so does its structure and function. Although, single nucleotide addition or deletion can lead to frameshift mutations which are very much observable in the form of formation of an abnormal protein. A nonsense mutation occurs when the mutation results in generation of a stop codon.

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Option (a) is correct. Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called Hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons are defined as the organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen. There are four general classes of hydrocarbons. These are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and arenes. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and tar are examples of hydrocarbons. These are used as energy sources. Combustion of the hydrocarbons is the main source of the energy of the world. These are the examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are colorless and hydrophobic. There are three types of hydrocarbons. Those are saturated hydrocarbon, unsaturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.

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The complete question is,

Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called____.

group of answer choices

(a) hydrocarbons

(b) inorganic carbons

(c) exist only as linear chains

(d) hydrated carbons

The chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide (NO) is one nitrogen atom (N) and one oxygen atom (O) bonded together. The chemical formula for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one nitrogen atom (N) and two oxygen atoms (O2) bonded together.

In summary, the difference between the two formulas is the number of oxygen atoms present. Nitrogen monoxide has one oxygen atom and Nitrogen dioxide has two oxygen atoms.

The chemical formulas for nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are:

As we can see, the main difference between these two compounds is the number of oxygen atoms. Nitrogen monoxide has only one oxygen atom, while nitrogen dioxide has two. The subscript "2" in NO2 indicates that there are two oxygen atoms in the molecule.

A chemical formula uses symbols and numbers to denote the different kinds and quantities of atoms that make up a molecule to express the chemical composition of a substance. It gives details on both the composition of the compound's constituent parts and their relative amounts in the molecule.

For instance, water has the chemical formula H2O, which denotes that it is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Therefore, the chemical formulas for nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are:

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It's most likely that the circuit B is a series circuit while circuit A is a parallel circuit.

Circuits are basically two or more terminal components and electrical devices that is connected to each other. They can be connected in a series circuit or parallel circuit.

A series circuit is a circuit that connects its components using the same current flows. The current only has one path. Because of that, if one bulb fuses or removed, all the bulbs in the circuit won't light up.

A parallel circuit is a circuit that has multiple paths for the electric current to flow through. That makes the components have a constant voltage across all ends. Because of that, even if one bulb is removed, the other bulbs will stay lighted up.

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Answer:

Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, when pressure is constant. Therefore, the best piece of evidence to support Charles's Law would be an experiment that demonstrates a direct relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature under constant pressure conditions. This experiment could involve measuring the volume of a gas at different temperatures and showing that as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas also increases, and vice versa.

An example of experiment that supports Charles's Law is measuring the volume of a gas at a fixed pressure inside a container and heating the gas. As the temperature rises, the volume of the gas increases, and when the container cooled down the volume decreases.

It's important to note that Charles's Law is one of the ideal gas laws, which assumes that the gases are perfect and behave in a certain way. In reality, gases can deviate from the predictions of the ideal gas laws depending on the nature of the gas and the conditions under which it is measured

The most compelling evidence supporting Charles's Law is the balloon experiment. This experiment shows that as the temperature of gas increases, so does its volume, as long as the pressure is constant. This law is used in real-life applications, like hot air balloons.

One of the most compelling pieces of evidence that supports Charles's Law is the balloon experiment. In this experiment, a balloon filled with air is heated, and it can be observed that as the temperature of the gas (air in this case) increases, the volume of the balloon also increases. This demonstrates that the volume of a specific amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature, assuming the pressure stays constant, as stated in Charles's Law. This indicates the predictability and reliability of Charles's Law in actual applications, like how hot air balloons work.

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Explanation:

In order to neutralize 0.048 mole of stearic acid with a lithium hydroxide solution of concentration 0.64 mol/dm³, we need to use the balanced equation for the neutralization reaction:

LiOH + CH3(CH2)16COOH → CH3(CH2)16COOLi* + H2O

1 mole of LiOH reacts with 1 mole of stearic acid.

So the number of moles of LiOH required to neutralize 0.048 mole of stearic acid is also 0.048 mole.

The volume of a solution can be calculated by using the formula:

volume = moles x molarity

Therefore, the volume of lithium hydroxide solution needed to neutralize 0.048 mole of stearic acid is:

volume = 0.048 mol x (1/0.64 mol/dm³) = 0.075 dm³

So the volume of lithium hydroxide solution needed to neutralize 0.048 mole of stearic acid is 0.075 dm³.

Answer:

The reaction of chlorine with cold sodium hydroxide solution is a *disproportionation reaction*

Explanation:

One atom is reduced because its oxidation state has decreased; the other is oxidized. This is a good example of disproportionation reaction in which a single substance is both oxidized and reduced.

The fact that radon is a gas and can enter basements through any cracks makes it a potential health risk. Radon decays into radioactive polonium (Z = 84) and has a half-life of 3.8 days.

Ra-226 has a half-life of 1600 years, a significant difference from the other radioactive isotopes of radium that decay over a short period of time. It possesses 138 neutrons in its nucleus and 88 protons, which is equal to the number of electrons in its shells, giving it a mass number of 226.

A reaction's half-life is the amount of time needed for the reactant concentration to drop to half its initial value.

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The amount of HCl is required to react completely with 2.50g of sodium hydrogen carbonate is 50 mL.

The balanced chemical equation is given as,

NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

Number of moles of NaHCO₃

MM = m / n

n = m / MM

Molar mass NaHCO₃ = 84.0 g/mol, mass = 2.50 g

Substituting the values,

n = 2.50 / 84

n = 0.03 mol

The volume of HCl is calculated as,

C = n / V

⇒ V = n / C

Substituting the values,

C = 0.600 M

V = 0.03 mol / 0.600 M

⇒ V = 50 mL

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There will be 3 H NMR signals for 2-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene.

The variety of protons present in a molecule is represented by the number of NMR signals. The illustration we used to explain NMR spectroscopy is as follows: Five signals on the spectrum signify five different types of protons. can be calculated simply by counting the number of unique hydrogens on one side of the symmetry plane. Nuclear magnetic resonance is used in proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, proton NMR, or hydrogen-1 NMR), which uses hydrogen-1 nuclei within a substance's molecules to determine the structure of those molecules. Using NMR technique one can analyze the molecular structure of a molecule by observing the nuclear spins in electric field.

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Pass laws regulating what factories can emit into the air and pour out onto the ground can reduce the water pollution up to a limit. The main cause of water pollution is remnants from factory outlets.

Water bodies are getting polluted through many ways. It is become  very serious issue today since drinking water is getting embodied with toxic substances.

The causes of this scenario include wastes deposition from industries and factories, poor sewage treatments, wastes from ships, cattle washing etc. These human activities make our water bodies contaminated by hazardous pollutants.

Strict laws must be enacted to regulate these actions especially emission from factories can reduce the level of water pollution up to a limit. Therefore, option B is the effective way.

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When a large amount of heat is applied, the sugar melts faster than when a little amount of heat is applied.

The term melting refers to the shattering of the bonds that hold a substance's molecules together. When a body is constantly heated, it melts.

The amount of heat utilized now influences how long it takes for the sugar to dissolve. In other words, when a large amount of heat is applied, the sugar melts faster than when a small amount of heat is applied.

When granulated sugar is slowly heated, it melts and turns golden brown. This is known as caramelization. The sugar must be melted in a heavy pan (not iron) at extremely low heat.

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The 3.00 × 10¹⁷ positively charged hydrogen ions are pass the point in 5.00 seconds. The current in amps is 9.6 × 10⁻³ amp.

The positively charged hydrogen ions = 3.00 × 10¹⁷

The current is expressed as follows :

Q = It

I = Q / t

where ,

The t = the time = 5 sec

Q = the total charge = 1.6 × 10 ⁻¹⁹  × 3 × 10¹⁷

Q = 4.8 × 10⁻²

I =  4.8 × 10⁻² / 5

I = 9.6 × 10⁻³ amp

Thus, the current in ampere is 9.6 × 10⁻³ amp.

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A compound is classified as an Arrhenius acid if it releases hydrogen ions (H+) in a water solution. This property is described by option "c. the release of release hydrogen ions in a water solution".

The Arrhenius theory of acids and bases states that an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) and a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). According to this definition, the presence of hydrogen ions in a water solution is the defining characteristic of an Arrhenius acid.

Option "a. the production of water in a chemical reaction" is not a property of Arrhenius acids. Option "b. the release of hydroxide ions in a water solution" describes a base, not an acid, according to the Arrhenius theory. Option "d. the neutralization of a base" is not a property that directly defines an acid, but it is a result of the reaction between an acid and a base.

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When carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves with the raindrops, it causes the pH to decrease.

Carbon dioxide influences the pH of water. The more CO2 in water, the lower pH will be. When CO2 is dissolved in raindrops, it reacts with water to become carbonic acid.

Carbonic acid is formed by the following equation

CO2 + H2O —> H2CO3

Carbonic acid is also capable to dissociate into hydrogen ions and carbonate ions. Releasing of hydrogen ions lowers the pH to around 5.65. Even though is acidic, it can not be considered acid rain.

Thus, the reaction of the raindrops with CO2 lowers the pH.

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The percent by mass composition of chlorine in a compound with 1 chromium atom and 3 chlorine atoms will be 67.74% chlorine by mass.

The percent by mass composition of an element in a compound is calculated as follows:

Percent by mass = (mass of element / total mass of compound) × 100%

Let's assume the atomic masses of chromium and chlorine are 51 and 35.5 g/mole, respectively. The formula mass of the compound would be (1 × 51 g/mole) + (3 × 35.5 g/mole) = 51 + 106.5 = 157.5 g/mol.

The mass of chlorine in the compound would be (3 × 35.5 g/mole) = 106.5 g/mol.

Therefore, the percent by mass composition of chlorine in the compound is:

Percent by mass of chlorine = (mass of chlorine / total mass of compound) × 100%

= (106.5 g/mole / 157.5 g/mole) × 100%

= 67.74%

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Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is typically known to induce point mutations and transition mutations.

Point mutations are mutations that affect a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. They can result in the substitution of one nucleotide for another, leading to changes in the encoded amino acid and potentially affecting the function of the encoded protein.

Transition mutations are a type of point mutation where a purine (adenine or guanine) is replaced by another purine or a pyrimidine (cytosine or thymine) is replaced by another pyrimidine. This results in changes within the DNA sequence that can affect the coding of the protein.

EMS is a chemical mutagen that acts by alkylating the DNA molecule and introducing changes in the DNA sequence. The types of mutations induced by EMS are predominantly transition mutations, which are due to the ability of EMS to alter the purine bases (adenine and guanine) in DNA.

Therefore, EMS is typically known to induce point mutations and transition mutations, but not missense mutations.

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The reason nitric, sulfuric, perchloric, and hydrochloric acids are all equally strong Bronsted acids when measured as dilute solutions in water is because of their similar molecular structure.

All four acids contain a hydrogen ion (H+) and a negatively charged ion, such as nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO4-2), perchlorate (ClO4-), and chloride (Cl-). These negative ions all have a similar charge, which results in similar strength when measured as dilute solutions in water.

The strength of a Bronsted acid is measured by its acidity constant (Ka). The higher the Ka value, the stronger the acid. All four of these acids have a Ka value of approximately 10-2, which is why they are all equally strong Bronsted acids. This value is also why these acids are strong enough to be corrosive and cause damage to organic materials.

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The mass of the precipitate is form when the 70.0ml of 0.80 mol/l potassium hydroxide is added to 40.0ml of a 0.50mol/l iron(iii) nitrate solution is 0.64 g.

The balance reaction is as :

Fe(NO₃)₃(aq)   +  3KOH(aq)  --->  Fe(OH)₃(s) +   3KNO₃(aq)

The precipitate form =  Fe(OH)₃

The molarity of KOH = 0.50 M

The volume = 0.040 L

Moles = molarity × volume

         = 0.50 × 0.040

         = 0.02 mol

The molarity of Fe(NO₃)₃ = 0.80 M

The volume = 0.07 L

Moles = 0.80 × 0.07

          = 0.056 M

1 mole Fe(NO₃)₃ react with 3 moles of KOH

moles of KOH = 3 × 0.056

                        = 0.168 mol

Therefore, the KOH is the limiting reagent.

3 mole of KOH = 1 mole of Fe(OH)₃

Moles of Fe(OH)₃ = (1/3) × 0.02

                             =  0.006 mol

The mass of Fe(OH)₃ = 106.8 × 0.006

                                   = 0.64 g

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Fires, landslides, flooding, windstorms, and insect and pest outbreaks were among the major ecological disturbances that caused the ecosystem to stabilize at a new equilibrium.

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This equation tells us that for every 1 mole of C2H6, 2 moles of CO2 are produced. To find the number of moles of C2H6 in 294 grams, we need to use the molar mass of C2H6, which is 30.07 g/mol.

294 g C2H6 / 30.07 g/mol = 9.78 moles of C2H6

Since two moles of CO2 are produced for every one mole of C2H6, we can calculate the number of moles of CO2 by multiplying the number of moles of C2H6 by 2:

9.78 moles C2H6 x 2 moles CO2/1 mole C2H6 = 19.56 moles CO2

To find the number of grams of CO2, we need to use the molar mass of CO2, which is 44.01 g/mol

19.56 moles of CO2 x 44.01 g/mol = 864.8g CO2

So, 864.8 grams of carbon dioxide are produced when 294 grams of ethane are reacted.

The temperature of water after 30 minutes will decrease. The correct option to this question is B.

The thermometer may blow up if the temperature exceeds the permitted limit. Since boiling water is known to have a temperature in the range of 100 C, a standard clinical thermometer cannot be used to measure its temperature. Query: Laboratory Boiling water's temperature can be determined using thermometers.

A thermometer's operation is an illustration of how a liquid can be heated and cooled. The molecules of the liquid in the thermometer move more quickly when it is heated, which causes them to move somewhat farther apart. The thermometer moves upward as a result.

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If 125L of the Water (Cm = 4.18 J/g °C) in tank was at the temperature of 75 °C and then dropped to 22.5 °C,  The amount of heat (KJ) transferred to surroundings is the correct option is c)  -2.74 × 10⁴ kJ.

The mass of the water = 125 L = 125000 g

The specific heat = 4.18 J/g °C

The change in the temperature = 22.5 - 75  = - 52.5 °C  

The heat expression is given as :

q = mc ΔT

q = 125000 × 4.18 × - 52.5

q = - 27431250 J

q = - 27431.25 kJ = -2.74 × 10⁴ kJ

Thus, the heat required is -2.74 × 10⁴ kJ.

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The empirical formula of the new compound is XeF2. This can be determined by calculating the number of moles of each element present in the compound.

The number of moles of Xe present is 0.618/131.293 = 0.0047 moles and the number of moles of F2 present is 1.334/37.997 = 0.035 moles.

Since the ratio of the number of moles of Xe to the number of moles of F2 is 0.0047/0.035 = 0.134, the empirical formula for the compound is XeF2.

The empirical formula is the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound that can represent its composition. It is derived by dividing the number of atoms of each element in a compound by the smallest number of atoms among them.

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The hh genotype gives rise to the Bombay phenotype.

The Bombay phenotype, also known as the hh phenotype, is a genetic condition that results from a specific combination of alleles at the H blood group locus. People with the Bombay phenotype have a genotype of hh, meaning they do not produce the H antigen on their red blood cells. This can have significant implications for blood transfusions, as the lack of H antigen on the surface of red blood cells can cause a potentially life-threatening reaction when transfused with blood from someone who is an H antigen secreter (i.e., has an HH or Hh genotype).

Therefore, the hh genotype gives rise to the Bombay phenotype, characterized by the absence of the H antigen on red blood cells.

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Answer:

The Density of the given liquid sample is 0.8938 g/cm³.

Density of any material is its [tex]\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

Here the Mass of the given liquid sample is 22.345 g.

The Volume of the given liquid sample is 25 ml = 25 cm³

Now the Density of the given liquid sample as per the above formula = [tex]\frac{22.345}{25} g/cm^{3}[/tex] = 0.8938 g/cm³.

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Answer:

Its will particles move faster and its temperature will rises more.

Explanation:

The volume of the rectangular bar is  the product of its dimensions that is  110 cm³. Then density of the bar weighing 121 g is 1.1 g/ cm³.

Density of a substance is the measure of its mass per unit volume. It describes how closely its particles are packed within a given volume. It is the ratio of mass to the volume.

Volume of an object is the space occupied by the object. For a rectangle block, volume is the product of length, width and height.

Given, l = 8 cm

width = 5.5 cm

height h = 2.5 cm

volume =  l w h = 8 cm ×5.5 cm × 2.5 cm  = 110 cm³

Mass of the bar = 121 g

density = mass/ volume

d = 121 g/110 cm³

  = 1.1g/cm³

Therefore, the density of rectangular bar is 1.1 g/cm³.

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Washing of silver chloride and iron (III) hydroxide precipitates is performed to remove impurities and excess reagents.

The washing step is performed to remove impurities and excess reagents that may have been present in the reaction mixture and may have gotten mixed with the precipitates.

For example, when silver chloride is precipitated, it is often washed with water to remove excess chloride ions and other contaminants. Similarly, when iron (III) hydroxide is precipitated, washing with water helps to remove excess hydroxide ions and other impurities that may have been present in the reaction mixture. These impurities can interfere with subsequent analysis or further processing of the precipitates, and washing helps to purify the precipitates and improve their quality.

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