(a) One key risk that Sushiro faced when operating overseas is cultural differences. It is important for a company to understand and adapt to the cultural norms and values of the country it is operating in.
Explanation:
Failure to do so can lead to misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of acceptance from the local community. This can ultimately affect the company's reputation and profitability.
For example, if Sushiro were to open a restaurant in a country with a predominantly vegetarian population, it would need to adapt its menu to offer more vegetarian options in order to appeal to the local market.
(b) In order to mitigate the risk of cultural differences, Sushiro should conduct thorough market research before expanding overseas.
Explanation:
This would involve understanding the local culture, customs, and consumer preferences. Based on this research, Sushiro can then adapt its business strategy to better cater to the local market.
This could include offering culturally appropriate menu items, hiring local staff who understand the culture, and adapting marketing campaigns to appeal to local consumers. By taking these steps, Sushiro can reduce the risk of cultural misunderstandings and build a stronger relationship with the local community.
Reference:
Hofstede, G. (2011). Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28(1), 3-19.
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You are considering investment in a hotel that costs $20m to purchase that you anticipate will produce an NOI of $1.1million annually and you will receive $25m after expenses (ie, net sale proceeds) when you sell the property at the end of 10 years. What is the unlevered IRR of the property? Please represent your answer as a percent with TWO decimal places (ie, X.XX)
The unlevered IRR of the property can be calculated by finding the internal rate of return (IRR) of the cash flows without considering any financing costs.Therefore, the unlevered IRR of the property is 7.77%.
In this case, the cash flows are the initial investment of $20 million, the annual NOI of $1.1 million, and the net sale proceeds of $25 million at the end of 10 years.
To calculate the unlevered IRR, we can use the IRR function in Excel or a financial calculator. The cash flows are as follows:
Year 0: -$20 million (initial investment)
Year 1-10: $1.1 million (annual NOI)
Year 10: $25 million (net sale proceeds)
Using the IRR function in Excel, the unlevered IRR is 7.77%. Therefore, the unlevered IRR of the property is 7.77%.
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The party with a short position in a futures contract sometimes has options as to the precise asset that will be delivered, where delivery will take place, when delivery will take place, and so on. Do these options increase or decrease the futures price? Explain your reasoning.
The options available to the party with a short position in a futures contract can increase or decrease the futures price depending on the specific details of the contract.
If the options allow for more flexibility and reduce the risk associated with the contract, the futures price may decrease. However, if the options create more uncertainty and increase the risk associated with the contract, the futures price may increase.
For example, if the short position has the option to deliver the asset at different locations, this may reduce the risk of delivery and decrease the future price. However, if the short position has the option to deliver the asset at a later date, this may increase the risk of price fluctuations and increase the future price.
Overall, the impact of these options on the futures price depends on the specific details of the contract and how they affect the risk and uncertainty associated with the contract.
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PROBLEM 1-5 (LOS) Transaction Analysis and Table The following transactions occurred for Olivier Bondar Ltd., an restaurant management consulting service, during May 2016: May 1 Received a cheque in the amount or 55.000 from TUV Restaurant Ltd. for a restaurant food cleanliness assessment to be conducted in June May I Paid $5,000 for office rent for the month of May. May 2 Purchased orice supplies for $3.000 on account May 3 Completed a consultation project for MeDanny's Restaurant and billed them $27.000 for the work May 4 Purchased a laptop computer for $3.000 in exchange for a note payable duc in 45 days, May 5 Olivier Bondar was a little short on cash, so the manager made an application for a bank loan in the amount of $20,000. It is expected that the bank will make their decision regarding the long next week, May 6 Received an invoice from the utilities company for electricity in the amount of $300 May 10 Bank approved the loan and deposited $20,000 into Olivier Bondar's bank account First loan payment is due on June 10. May 11 Paid for several invoices outstanding from April for goods and services received for a total of $8.000. The breakdown of the invoice costs are: telephone expense $500: advertising expense $3.000; office furniture $2,000: office supplies $2,500. May 13 Paid employee salaries owing from May I to May 13 in the amount of $3,000. May 14 Completed consulting work for a U.S. client and invoiced $18,000 US (US funds). The Canadian equivalent is $25,000 CAD. May 15 Received $25,000 cash for work done and invoiced in April. May 18 Hired a new employee who will begin work on May 25. Salary will be $2.500 every two weeks May 21 Placed an order request for new shelving for the office. Catalogue price is $2,500. May 27 Paid employee salaries owing from May 14 to May 27 in the amount of $3,500. May 29 The bookkeeper was going to be away for two weeks, so the June rent of $5.000 was paid May 31 Reimbursed $50 in cash to an employee for use of his personal vehicle for company business on May 20. May 31 Shelving unit ordered on May 21 was delivered and installed. Total cost was $3,000, including labour. including labour Required: Create a table with the following column heading and opening balances Below the opening balance, number cach row from 1 to 18 Accounts once Prepaid Equipment once Account Note/Land Share Retained receivable supplies expenses furniture payable payable rovenue capital camins Open +10,000/+25,000 2.0000 25,000 +15.000 350000 0 -8.000 34.000 Bal 1 2 3 4. 5 7 18 19 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 78 Bal Using the table as shown in Figure 1.3 of the text, complete the table for the 18 items listed in May and total each column. If any of the items are not to be recorded, leave the row blank. PROBLEM 1-6 (LOS) Transaction Analysis and Table Required: Lising the data from the table la PROBLEM 1-5. prepare the balance sheet as at May 31, 2016
Olivier Bondar Ltd. Balance Sheet as at May 31, 2016 was Total Assets: $210,450, Total Liabilities: $55,800 and Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity: $210,450
A balance sheet is a financial statement that details a company's assets and liabilities at a specific point in time. It is one of the three basic financial statements used to assess a company's performance (the other two being the income statement and cash flow statement).
Balance Sheet as at May 31, 2016
Assets:
Cash: $99,450
Account receivable: $52,000
Prepaid expenses: $7,000
Office supplies: $6,000
Equipment: $28,000
Furniture: $18,000
Total Assets: $210,450
Liabilities:
Account payable: $49,800
Note payable: $6,000
Total Liabilities: $55,800
Shareholder's Equity:
Share capital: $8,000
Retained earnings: $34,000
Total Shareholder's Equity: $42,000
Total Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity: $210,450
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Lancers Retail Stores is considering the opening of a new store in Des Moines. An analyst for the company has created the following simple model:
Initial Investment at t=0, $1.2M
Life of store, 10 years
Revenues, $1.3M
Variable cost rate, 60%
Fixed costs, (inc., $50K of depreciation) of $300K per year
Expected tax rate 18.0% There are no net working capital implications
The appropriate risk adjusted discount rate is 10.0%
The above values are base case values. The analyst has also said the three assumptions above that are the most uncertain are Revenues, Variable Cost Rate, and the Tax Rate – the rest of the assumptions are easy to estimate in comparison and the analyst has greater certainty as to those values. For these three assumptions the analysts has created the following additional analysis:
Based on the information provided, analysts used sensitivity analysis to determine the potential changes in the three most uncertain assumptions (revenue, variable cost rate, and tax rate) to the net present value (NPV) of the new Des Moines business. impact can be determined. A sensitivity analysis helps the analyst identify the key drivers of her NPV and assess the risks associated with the project.
To perform a sensitivity analysis, the analyst can create a table of base case values for the three most uncertain assumptions and vary each assumption individually while keeping her other two assumptions constant. The analyst can then calculate her NPV for each scenario and compare it to her NPV for the base case to determine the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in each assumption.
An analyst can change her earnings assumption from $1 million to $1.6 million while keeping the variable cost rate and tax rate constant at the base case values. Analysts can then calculate the NPV for each scenario and compare it to the NPV of the base case to determine the sensitivity of the NPV to changes in earnings.
The analyst could also change the variable cost rate assumption from 50% to 70% while keeping the revenue and tax rate constant at the base case values. The analyst can then calculate her NPV for each scenario and compare it to her NPV for the base case to determine the sensitivity of her NPV to changes in the variable cost ratio.
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Problem 4-18 Cost–Volume–Profit Analysis; Degree of Operating Leverage [LO1, LO3, LO4, LO5, LO8] Feather Friends, Incorporated, distributes a high-quality wooden birdhouse that sells for $20 per unit. Variable expenses are $8 per unit, and fixed expenses total $200,000 per year. Its operating results for last year were as follows:
The break-even point for Feather Friends, Incorporated is 16,667 units, the margin of safety is 8,333 units, the degree of operating leverage is 3, and the operating income is $100,000.
1. Break-even point: The break-even point is the point at which total revenue equals total costs. It can be calculated by dividing the fixed expenses by the contribution margin per unit (selling price - variable expenses). In this case, the break-even point is:
Break-even point = $200,000 / ($20 - $8) = $200,000 / $12 = 16,667 units
2. Margin of safety: The margin of safety is the difference between the actual sales and the break-even point. It can be calculated by subtracting the break-even point from the actual sales. In this case, the margin of safety is:
Margin of safety = Actual sales - Break-even point = 25,000 units - 16,667 units = 8,333 units
3. Degree of operating leverage: The degree of operating leverage is a measure of how sensitive the operating income is to changes in sales. It can be calculated by dividing the contribution margin by the operating income. In this case, the degree of operating leverage is:
Degree of operating leverage = Contribution margin / Operating income = ($12 x 25,000 units) / ($12 x 25,000 units - $200,000) = $300,000 / $100,000 = 3
4. Operating income: The operating income is the difference between the total revenue and the total expenses. It can be calculated by subtracting the total expenses from the total revenue. In this case, the operating income is:
Operating income = Total revenue - Total expenses = ($20 x 25,000 units) - ($8 x 25,000 units + $200,000) = $500,000 - $400,000 = $100,000
Therefore, the break-even point, margin of safety, degree pf operating leverage and the operating income for Feather Friends Incorporated is 16,667 units, 8,333 units, 3, and $100,000 respectively.
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Monica holds 100 shares of United Overseas Bank Limited that are presently priced at RM85. The stock moves exactly with the direction of the FBMKLCI index. She has noticed that this index today has moved from 1,326 to 1,684. Calculate the stock price for her. Show all your working steps
The new stock price for Monica's 100 shares of United Overseas Bank Limited is RM107.95.
To calculate the stock price for Monica, we need to find the percentage change in the FBMKLCI index and then apply that percentage change to the original stock price of RM85.
Step 1: Calculate the percentage change in the FBMKLCI index.
Percentage change = (New value - Old value) / Old value x 100
Percentage change = (1,684 - 1,326) / 1,326 x 100
Percentage change = 358 / 1,326 x 100
Percentage change = 27%
Step 2: Apply the percentage change to the original stock price of RM85.
New stock price = Original stock price x (1 + Percentage change)
New stock price = RM85 x (1 + 27%)
New stock price = RM85 x 1.27
New stock price = RM107.95
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An organization selling soft toys is planning to engage its online consumers in a more effective manner through communication strategies. Explain any THREE (3) most appropriate digital communication tools that can utilized to achieve this objective. Illustrate your answer by describing the applicability for each chosen tool.
The organization selling soft toys can utilize the following three (3) digital communication tools to engage its online consumers more effectively:
Using these digital communication tools, the organization selling soft toys can create engaging and effective communication strategies that will allow them to reach out to and engage their online consumers.
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Case studyPlease read Case 3: "Economic Development in Bangladesh" available in your e-book (International business: Competing in the global marketplace (13th ed.), at page no.629, and answer the following questions:Assignment Question:1.Bangladesh is dependent for its prosperity upon agriculture and textile exports. What are the risks here? How might Bangladesh diversify its industrial and commercial base?((I need an unique answer))
Bangladesh's economy is largely dependent on agriculture and textile exports, making it vulnerable to market fluctuations and global competition. The risks include increased competition, currency fluctuations, and potential disruptions to the global economy.
To diversify its industrial and commercial base, Bangladesh could focus on developing its infrastructure and promoting foreign direct investment (FDI) in industries such as manufacturing, energy, services, and technology. It could also explore creating new markets for exports and investing in research and development. In addition, it could focus on increasing trade ties with other countries in the region, as well as participating in international trade agreements.
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Suppose a firm makes an EBIT of $50 million in perpetuity. This firm also has debt of $150 million at a cost of debt of 9%. The firm’s unlevered cost of capital is 12% and its corporate tax rate is 40%.
What is the value of the firm’s equity?
Suppose a firm makes an EBIT of $50 million in perpetuity. This firm also has debt of $150 million at a cost of debt of 9%. The firm’s unlevered cost of capital is 12% and its corporate tax rate is 40%. As per the given information the value of the firm's equity is $370.37 million.
The value of the firm's equity can be calculated using the formula: Equity Value = EBIT(1 - Tax Rate) / (Unlevered Cost of Capital - Cost of Debt * Debt / Firm Value)
First, we need to calculate the firm value.
Firm Value = EBIT(1 - Tax Rate) / Unlevered Cost of Capital
Firm Value = $50 million (1 - 0.40) / 0.12
Firm Value = $30 million / 0.12
Firm Value = $250 million
Now, we can plug this value back into the formula to find the value of the firm's equity.
Equity Value = $30 million / (0.12 - 0.09 * $150 million / $250 million)
Equity Value = $30 million / 0.081
Equity Value = $370.37 million
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Da Silva and Ehlers are partners in a Green Hydrogen business named DaEh. They specialise in the consultancies and research services, wherby they advise governments on the African continent. Da Silva and Ehlers share profits and losses in the ratio 3:2 according to their partnership agreement. The following Trial Balance was extracted from the financial records of the partnership 31 December 2017: Fischer is a specialist in the green energy industry. Due to the prospects of business growth Da Silva and Ehlers decided to admit Fischer as from 01 January 2018 as a partner under the following terms and conditions: • Fischer will receive 1/5 of the profits and losses. • Da Silva and Ehlers will contribute in the ratio 2:1 towards Fischer’s 1/5 profit share. • Fischer must pay N$ 180 0000 for her 1/5 share in the partnership’s assets. • The assets of the partnership were re-valued on 01 January 2018 and the revaluation account revealed a surplus of N$ 60 000. • The new partnership states inter alia: ▪ The partners will not make use of current accounts anymore; therefore all current accounts must be closed off to their capital accounts. ▪ The accounting records will not show any good will. DR CR Capital- Da Silva 381 000 Capital - Ehlers 234 000 Current account- Da Silva 90 000 Current account- Ehlers 60 000 Bank 90 000 FACULTY OF COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT AND LAW Page 11 of 25 You are required to: 1.1 Calculate the new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer. (6 marks
The new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer is 14:8:3 for Da Silva, Ehlers, and Fischer, respectively.
The new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer can be calculated as follows:
1. First, we need to determine the total profit sharing ratio before Fischer's admission. This is 3:2 for Da Silva and Ehlers, respectively.
2. Next, we need to determine Fischer's profit sharing ratio. According to the terms and conditions, Fischer will receive 1/5 of the profits and losses.
3. We also need to take into account that Da Silva and Ehlers will contribute in the ratio 2:1 towards Fischer's 1/5 profit share. This means that Da Silva will contribute 2/3 of Fischer's 1/5 profit share, and Ehlers will contribute 1/3 of Fischer's 1/5 profit share.
4. To calculate the new profit sharing ratio, we need to subtract Fischer's profit share from Da Silva and Ehlers' profit shares, and then add their contributions to Fischer's profit share.
5. Da Silva's new profit share = 3 - (2/3 * 1/5) = 14/15
6. Ehlers' new profit share = 2 - (1/3 * 1/5) = 8/15
7. Fischer's new profit share = 1/5
8. Therefore, the new profit sharing ratio after the admission of Fischer is 14:8:3 for Da Silva, Ehlers, and Fischer, respectively.
9. This can be simplified to 14/25:8/25:3/25, or 14:8:3.
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Bus 2245
when generating a business idea, why is it important
to consider your education, hobbies , personality
traits, and corporation affect your decision
to start a business based on your personal
attributes and qualities?
It is significant before generating a business idea because the person has extensive knowledge in various fields, is able to quickly identify flaws in the current commercial offers, and can identify unmet needs.
Everyone has a business idea; a viable business idea is one that can be implemented, is profitable, and expands to become a larger, more prosperous company. Yet, not all business ideas are profitable. Before a firm can be started, its concept must be evaluated for viability. A company's ability to survive, make money, and eventually expand is referred to as its viability. A business idea is a plan for making money that is frequently focused on a good or service that can be offered for a fee.
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Discuss the importance of Diversity in the workplace.What are strategies organisations can adopt to create a diversifiedworkplace?How does job satisfaction influence employeeattitude?
Diversity in the workplace is important because it creates an inclusive and respectful environment, promotes creativity and innovation, and helps organizations better understand and serve their diverse customer base.
There are several strategies organizations can adopt to create a diversified workplace, including:
- Implementing diversity and inclusion training for all employees
- Creating employee resource groups to support and advocate for underrepresented groups
- Recruiting and hiring a diverse workforce
- Promoting and valuing diverse perspectives and ideas
- Encouraging open and respectful communication among employees
Job satisfaction is an important factor in employee attitude because it influences their motivation, productivity, and commitment to the organization. Employees who are satisfied with their jobs are more likely to be engaged, motivated, and committed to the organization, leading to better performance and overall success. Conversely, employees who are dissatisfied with their jobs are more likely to have a negative attitude, be disengaged, and have lower productivity, which can negatively impact the organization.
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The following is the unadjusted Trial Balance of Mohammad Abdullah Electric Homes for the year ended December 31, 2021 Mohammad Abdullah Electric Homes December 31, 2021 Unadjusted Footprint Balance Cash $200,000 10,000 Accounts Receivable 1,000 Supplies Prepaid Insurance 12,000 Equipment 80,000 Accumulated depreciation-Equipment $5,000 15,000 Accounts payable Unearned service revenue 6,000 Loans payable 50,000 Owner's Equity 184,000 Owner's Drawings 2,000 Service Revenue 55,000 Wages expense 8,000 Cleaning costs 2,000 $315,000 $315,000 Other data: 1. Inventory on hand was disclosed on December 31, $300. 2. Prepaid insurance has been paid on July 1, 2021 for 12 months. 3. Interest expense on loan debt for the last 4 months. The quarterly interest rate is 3%. 4. Payroll expense per day is $500, December 31 is a Wednesday. Employees are paid on Monday for the previous 5-day work week. 5. One-third of unearned service fees have been earned. Requirements: a) Make adjusting entries for the year ended December 31, 2021. [5] b) Complete the worksheet for the year ended December 31, 2021.
To adjust the accounts in the unadjusted trial balance, we need to make adjusting entries for the prepaid insurance, unearned service revenue, loan payable, wages expense, and inventory. After completing the worksheet and entering the adjusting entries, the adjusted trial balance shows a net income of $47,950 for the year ended December 31, 2021.
a) To make adjusting entries for the year ended December 31, 2021, we need to adjust the accounts listed in the unadjusted trial balance.
1. To adjust the prepaid insurance, we need to record the expired insurance by debiting Prepaid Insurance for $10,000 and crediting Insurance Expense for the same amount.
2. To adjust the unearned service revenue, we need to recognize the earned revenue by debiting Service Revenue for $4,000 and crediting Unearned Service Revenue for the same amount.
3. To adjust the loan payable, we need to recognize the accrued interest expense by debiting Interest Expense for $1,200 and crediting Loan Payable for the same amount.
4. To adjust the wages expense, we need to recognize the accrued wages expense by debiting Wages Expense for $250 and crediting Accrued Wages Payable for the same amount.
5. To adjust the inventory, we need to recognize the cost of goods sold by debiting Cost of Goods Sold for $300 and crediting Inventory for the same amount.
b) Completing the worksheet for the year ended December 31, 2021 requires us to enter the adjusting entries from above and calculate the net income.
The adjusted trial balance will be as follows:
Cash: $200,000
Accounts Receivable: $1,000
Supplies: $10,000
Prepaid Insurance: $2,000
Equipment: $80,000
Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment: $20,000
Accounts Payable: $6,000
Unearned Service Revenue: $2,000
Loans Payable: $50,000
Owner's Equity: $184,000
Owner's Drawings: $2,000
Service Revenue: $59,000
Wages Expense: $8,250
Cleaning Costs: $2,000
Interest Expense: $1,200
Accrued Wages Payable: $250
Inventory: $0
Cost of Goods Sold: $300
Net Income = $59,000 - $8,250 - $2,000 - $1,200 + $250 - $300 = $47,950
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Explain in your own words the difference between the capacity of
a client and his repayment comfortability
The capacity of a client refers to the maximum amount of money they can borrow whereas Repayment comfortability, refers to the level of ease with which a client can repay a loan.
The capacity of a client refers to the maximum amount of money they can borrow based on their income, expenses, and debt levels. It is a measure of their ability to take on additional debt and repay it on time. Repayment comfortability, on the other hand, refers to the level of ease with which a client can repay a loan.
It takes into account their personal preferences and financial situation, such as how much money they have left over after paying their bills and whether they feel comfortable taking on additional debt. While capacity is a more objective measure, repayment comfortability is a more subjective measure that considers the client's personal feelings and financial situation.
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TGA Processing plans to produce and sell an industrial product (can be consumed by human/animal) to its customers in West Malaysia. The factory consists of 5 departments: Storage, Production, Maintenance, Quality Control and Warehouse. The functions of the departments are as followed:
a. Storage: receiving, storing and preparing raw materials before production.
b. Production: carrying out different stages of processes in converting raw materials to competed product.
c. Maintenance: focusing mainly on the machines/tools/equipment used in Storage and Production departments.
d. Quality Control: checking the completed product to meet customer expectation/quality standard.
e. Warehouse: receiving approved completed product from production department and preparing for shipment.
TGA Processing plans to produce and sell an industrial product to customers in West Malaysia. The factory consists of 5 departments: Storage, Production, Maintenance, Quality Control, and Warehouse.
Here is an overview of each department of factory and its functions:
Storage: The Storage department receives, stores, and prepares raw materials before production.
Production: The Production department carries out different stages of processes in converting raw materials to the completed product.
Maintenance: The Maintenance department focuses mainly on the machines/tools/equipment used in the Storage and Production departments.
Quality Control: The Quality Control department checks the completed product to meet customer expectation/quality standards.
Warehouse: The Warehouse department receives approved completed product from the Production department and prepares for shipment.
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8. A company with 750,000 shares outstanding that sell for $120 per share has announced a 3-for-5 reverse stock split. Assuming there are no market imperfections or tax effects, what will the stock sell for after the split?
The new stock price after the 3-for-5 reverse stock split is $200.
A reverse stock split is a reduction in the number of a company's shares outstanding that increases the par value of its stock. In a 3-for-5 reverse stock split, for every 5 shares outstanding, 3 new shares are issued. This means that the total number of shares outstanding is reduced, and the value of each share increases.
To calculate the new stock price after the reverse stock split, we can use the formula:
New stock price = (Old stock price * Old shares outstanding) / New shares outstanding
In this case, the old stock price is $120, the old shares outstanding is 750,000, and the new shares outstanding is (750,000 * 3) / 5 = 450,000.
So, the new stock price after the reverse stock split is:
New stock price = ($120 * 750,000) / 450,000 = $200
Therefore, after the 3-for-5 reverse stock split, the stock will sell for $200 per share.
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Leonard industries wishes to prepare a pro forma balance sheet for december 31, 2016. The firm expects 2016 sales to total $3,000,000. The following information has been gathered:
Expected sales are multiplied by the accounts receivable percentage, which is 0.098 or 9.8%, to calculate accounts receivable in the pro forma balance sheet.
We must make an educated guess as to what portion of sales will be collected as receivables in order to determine the accounts receivable value for the pro forma balance sheet. In this scenario, we are provided that accounts receivable constitute 9.8% of sales, which suggests that for every dollar of sales, the firm expects to recover $0.098 as receivables. As a result, we multiply the anticipated sales of $3,000,000 by the accounts receivable percentage of 0.098, which gives us $294,000, to estimate the accounts receivable value for the pro forma balance sheet. This means that at the end of 2016, we anticipate the firm to have $294,000 in accounts receivable.
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As the director of capital budgeting for Denver Corporation, you are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net cash flows:
Year Project X Project Z
0 -$100,000 -$100,000
1 $50,000 $10,000
2 $40,000 $30,000
3 $30,000 $40,000
4 $10,000 $60,000
If Denver's cost of capital is 15 percent, which project would you choose?
As the director of capital budgeting for Denver Corporation If Denver’s cost of capital is 15 percent, it will choose neither project
Option A is correct.
Net present value :Net present value (NPV) is a financial metric that seeks to capture the total value of an investment opportunity. The idea behind NPV is to project all of the future cash inflows and outflows associated with an investment, discount all those future cash flows to the present day, and then add them together.
Evaluating :[i] NPV X = -100,000 + (50,000/1.15) + (40,000/1.15²) + (30,000/1.15³) + (10,000/1.5⁴ )
= -50,803.31
NPV Y = -100,000 + (10,000/1.15) + (30,000/1.15²) + (40,000/1.15³) + (60,000/1.5⁴)
= -56,998.65[/i]
What cost of capital?Capital costs is the cost of a company's money (debt and stock), or from the perspective of an investor, "the necessary return on a holdings company's existing securities," is what economic experts and accountants refer to as the cost of capital. It is utilized to assess a company's main new ventures.
Incomplete question :
As The Capital Budgeting Director For Denver Corporation, You Are Evaluating Two Mutually Exclusive Projects With The Following Net Cash Flows: Project X Project Z Year Cash Flow Cash Flow 0 -$100,000 -$100,000 1 50,000 10,000 2 40,000 30,000 3 30,000 40,000 4 10,000 60,000 If Denver's WACC Is 15%, Which
As the capital budgeting director for Denver Corporation, you are evaluating two mutually exclusive projects with the following net cash flows: Project X Project Z Year Cash Flow Cash Flow 0 -$100,000 -$100,000 1 50,000 10,000 2 40,000 30,000 3 30,000 40,000 4 10,000 60,000 If Denver's WACC is 15%, which project would you choose?
A.Neither project.
B.Project X, since it has the higher IRR.
C.Project Z, since it has the higher NPV.
D.Project X, since it has the higher NPV.
E.Project Z, since it has the higher IRR.
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Jolie foster care homes inc. Shows the following data: yearnet incometotal assetsstockholders' equitytotal debt 20x1$155,000$2,390,000$761,000$1,629,000 20x2 191,000 2,700,000 966,000 1,734,000 20x3 208,000 2,730,000 1,770,000 960,000 20x4 192,000 2,470,000 2,220,000 250,000 a-1. Compute the ratio of net income to total assets for each year. (input your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places. )
a-1. 20x1 year net income to total assets ratio, 6.49 percent 20x2 7.07%, 20x3 7.62%, 20x4 7.77%.
Divide the net income by the total assets and multiply the result by 100 to get the ratio of net income to total assets for each year.
Net income to total assets ratio for each year (a-1):
20x1: (155,000 / 2,390,000) x 100 = 6.49%
20x2: (191,000 / 2,700,000) x 100 = 7.07%
20x3: (208,000 / 2,730,000) x 100 = 7.62%
20x4: (192,000 / 2,470,000) x 100 = 7.77%
Consequently, for 20x1, 20x2, 20x3, and 20x4, respectively, the ratios of net income to total assets are 6.49%, 7.07%, 7.62%, and 7.77%.
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A project that would require an initial cash outflow of $360,000 at the beginning is expected to produce cash inflows of $70,000 at the end of each of the project's 7 years. Assume the required return is 13% and you were asked to calculate the project's discounted paypack period. What amount would you subtract from the project's initial cash outflow of $360,000 when calculating the amount of the initial cost left to be recovered on a discounted basis at the end of the 1st year?
The amount we would subtract from the project's initial cash outflow of $360,000 when calculating the amount of the initial cost at the end of the 1st year is $61,946.90.
To calculate the project's discounted payback period, we need to first calculate the discounted cash inflows for each year. We can do this using the formula:
Discounted Cash Inflow = Cash Inflow / (1 + Required Return)^n
Where n is the number of years since the beginning of the project.
For the first year, n = 1, so the discounted cash inflow is:
Discounted Cash Inflow = $70,000 / (1 + 0.13)^1 = $61,946.90
To calculate the amount of the initial cost left to be recovered on a discounted basis at the end of the first year, we simply subtract the discounted cash inflow from the initial cost:
Initial Cost - Discounted Cash Inflow = $360,000 - $61,946.90 = $298,053.10
Therefore, the amount we would subtract from the project's initial cash outflow of $360,000 when calculating the amount of the initial cost left to be recovered on a discounted basis at the end of the first year is $61,946.90.
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You have an outstanding student loan with required payments of $600 per month for the next four years. The interest rate on the loan is 8% APR ( compounded monthly). Now that you realize your best investment is to prepay your student loan, you decide to prepay as much as you can each month. Looking at your budget, you can afford to pay an extra $150 a month in addition to your required monthly payments of $600, or $750 in total each month. How long will it take you to pay off the loan? (Note: Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places.) 12. The number of months to pay off the loan is (Round to two decimal places.)
It will take 35.35 months to pay off the loan.
First, we need to calculate the monthly interest rate, which is the annual percentage rate (APR) divided by 12. So, 8% APR divided by 12 months is 0.0066667.
We can use the formula for the present value of an annuity to calculate the required monthly payment for the loan.
PV = PMT x ((1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r), where PV is the present value, PMT is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the total number of months.
Solving for PMT, we get PMT = PV / ((1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r).
where PV is the amount of the loan, which we don't know yet.
PMT is $600, r is 0.0066667, and n is 48 (4 years x 12 months).
Solving for PV, we get PV = PMT x ((1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r) = $26,372.20.
Next, we can calculate the monthly payment required to pay off the loan in 35.35 months by using the same formula and plugging in the new values. PMT is now $750 ($600 required payment + $150 extra payment), r is still 0.0066667, and n is what we want to find. Solving for n, we get n = -log(1 - (PV x r) / PMT) / log(1 + r) = 35.35.
Therefore, it will take 35.35 months, or about 2 years and 11 months, to pay off the loan with the extra payment of $150 per month.
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Learning organization is always preferable to efficient
performance. Do you agree with this statement. Why or why not?
200 words
Yes, learning organizations are generally preferable to efficient performance.
Learning organizations create an environment where employees are constantly learning and improving their skills.
This helps them to better understand the organization’s mission, vision, and values, leading to higher levels of job satisfaction and performance.
It also enables the organization to stay competitive in the market by adapting quickly to new technologies and changes in customer needs.
Learning organizations also allow for better collaboration between employees and departments. They promote an open atmosphere of knowledge sharing, allowing different teams to work together more effectively and come up with creative solutions to problems.
This helps the organization to remain agile and able to respond quickly to customer demands.
Moreover, learning organizations are able to more accurately identify the causes of failures, as well as devise and implement solutions that improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization.
This leads to better overall performance in the long run, as opposed to just striving for short-term gains.
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1. How does the role of the government differ from the other sectors in the circular flow
2. How can the government keep the equilibrium in the circular flow of the economy
3. What will happen to the economy if foreign sectors are not part of the circular flow
1. It differs because the government is responsible for the provision of goods and services, collection of taxes, and the regulation of the economy.
2. The government can keep the equilibrium in the circular flow of the economy by using various policy tools such as fiscal policy and monetary policy.
3. Without foreign sectors, the economy will become isolated.
The Government and the economic functionsThe role of the government differs from the other sectors in the circular flow in several ways. Firstly, the government is responsible for providing public goods and services such as national defense, law enforcement, and infrastructure development, which are not provided by the private sector. Secondly, the government collects taxes and uses them to finance its operations and provide social welfare programs. Thirdly, the government regulates the economy by enacting laws and policies that affect businesses and consumers.
The government can keep the equilibrium in the circular flow of the economy by using various policy tools such as fiscal policy and monetary policy. Fiscal policy involves the government changing its spending and taxation levels to influence economic activity. For example, during a recession, the government can increase its spending or cut taxes to stimulate demand and boost economic growth. Monetary policy involves the central bank manipulating interest rates and the money supply to influence economic activity. For example, the central bank can lower interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending.
If foreign sectors are not part of the circular flow, the economy may face several challenges. Firstly, it may become more isolated and less competitive on the global stage, which can lead to reduced trade and investment. Secondly, the economy may not be able to benefit from the exchange of goods, services, and ideas that can drive innovation and growth. Finally, the lack of foreign investment and trade can limit the availability of foreign exchange, which can make it difficult to finance imports and pay off debts.
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(a) Give an example from Bangladesh market where extortion, lubrication, and subornation took place. How are you sure about it? As a marketer how would you deal with cultural imperatives, cultural electives, and cultural exclusives? How can cultural empathy help you in dealing with them?
In Bangladesh, a good example of extortion, lubrication, and subornation is when companies offer "kickbacks" or bribes to local government officials in order to secure contracts or influence decisions.
This unethical practice has been documented in many parts of the country and is illegal under Bangladeshi law. As a marketer, it is important to understand and respect local cultural norms and values. Cultural empathy is essential for successful marketing, as it enables marketers to better understand how people from different cultures perceive their messages. Cultural empathy can help marketers develop appropriate strategies to reach their target audiences and deal with cultural imperatives, cultural electives, and cultural exclusives in an effective manner.
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In reference to the concept of socialization, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the global move to close children’s homes in favour of integration (30 Marks)
The concept of socialization refers to the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of a society. This process begins at a young age and continues throughout an individual's life. One aspect of socialization that has been the subject of much debate is the global move to close children's homes in favour of integration.
One advantage of closing children's homes and integrating children into mainstream society is that it can provide a more natural and supportive environment for children. This can also provide children with access to a wider range of educational and extracurricular opportunities.
However, there are also disadvantages to this approach. One of the main disadvantages is that it can be difficult for children to adjust to a new environment. This can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Overall, the global move to close children's homes in favour of integration has both advantages and disadvantages. It is important to consider the individual needs of each child when making decisions about their care and socialization.
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Setup and notation: As a twenty years old high school graduate, Delkash wants plan for her college studies, her lifetime consumption profile, and savings for her retirement. She is endowed with family financial support wo. We model her decision-making in a three periods setup. The first period represents college-going ages and includes t1 = 5 years. The second period represents working ages and includes t2 = 30 years. And the third period represents her retirement ages and includes t3 15 years. If she decides to go to college she earns no income in period one and needs to pay total tuition 11 * T for college; in sum, she earns t2 + (y + A) in terms of labor income in period two; and she earns nothing in the third period. If she does not pursue college studies she earns in sum t1 * y of labor income in period one; in sum 12 * y of labor income in period two; and again nothing in period three. De note the total consumption during period one by c1, total net borrowing during period one by b1, total consumption during period two by c2, total net saving during period two by s2, and total consumption during period three by c3. The net interest rate for borrowing/saving from period one to two is r1 and the net interest rate for borrowing/saving from period two to three is r2. We assume Delkash "prefers more to less". Part A. Write down the budget constraint for periods one, two, and three. Argue if budget constraints hold with equality. Part B. Specify the optimal choice for investment in college studies. Under what condition she goes/does not go to college? Does wo matte? Does r2 matter? Does B1 and B2 matter? More assumptions and notation: Now assume the marginal rate of substitution between total consumption in periods one and two is MRS1,2 = c2/c1 1/B1 * 11/12 and between periods two and three is MRS2,3 = c3/c2 + 1/B2 t2/13, where the factors t1/12 and 12/13 are called to scaled total consumption to per-year values and 31 s 1 and 52 s 1 are subjective time discount factors. Part C. Argue that the optimal consumption profile does not permit c1 = 0, C2 = 0 or c3 = 0. Moreover, prove that the optimal consumption path satisfies MRS1.2 = 1 + r1 MRS2,3 = 1 + r2 Part D. Analytically solve for the optimal net borrowing band net savings s in period one and two, and the optimal consumption in periods one, two and three, i.e., c1, c2 and c3. Under either scenarios of going or not going to college as the optimal choice, what happens to b and s if the initial endowment wo increases, and what happens to c1 and c2 if r2 increases? What happens to c1 If r1 increases? A numerical example: Suppose B1 = 4. B2 = 25, 11 = 1.5,r2 = 3, y = $35, 000, A = $25,000 and T = $15, 000. Set wo = 0. Part E. Show that Delkash chooses to go to college as a rational choice. Evaluate c1, c2 and c3, and b and s. Part F. Suppose because of financing frictions the interest rate on borrowing in period one goes up to rB,1 = 11 + y = 1.5 + y for some positive u. But the rate on savings remains the same rS,1 = 11 = 1.5. Argue that for p = 0.1 it is still the optimal choice for Delkash to go to college. Part G. Redo part E with MRS 1,2 = (c2/c1 ) 2 + 1/B1 * 11/12 and MRS2,3 = (c3/c2y^2 + 1/82 * 12/13. Assume p = 0 but keep all other parameter values unchanged.
The budget constraints hold with equality because Delkash is assumed to "prefer more to less," meaning she will consume all of her available resources in each period.
The answers for the parts as follows:
Part A: The budget constraint for period one is c1 + b1 = wo. The budget constraint for period two is c2 + s2 = t2 + (y + A) + b1*(1 + r1). The budget constraint for period three is c3 = s2*(1 + r2).
Part B: The optimal choice for investment in college studies depends on the expected benefits of attending college compared to the costs. Delkash will go to college if the expected increase in income in period two (A) is greater than the cost of tuition (11*T) plus the opportunity cost of not earning income in period one (t1*y).
The initial endowment wo matters because it affects Delkash's budget constraint in period one and may influence her decision to go to college. The interest rates r1 and r2 matter because they affect the cost of borrowing and the return on savings, which may also influence Delkash's decision.
The net borrowing b1 and net savings s2 also matter because they affect Delkash's budget constraints in periods two and three.
Part C: The optimal consumption profile does not permit c1 = 0, c2 = 0, or c3 = 0 because Delkash is assumed to "prefer more to less" and will consume all of her available resources in each period.
The optimal consumption path satisfies MRS1,2 = 1 + r1 and MRS2,3 = 1 + r2 because at the optimal consumption levels, the marginal rate of substitution between periods should equal the net interest rate.
Part D: The optimal net borrowing b1 and net savings s2 can be found by substituting the budget constraints into the equations for MRS1,2 and MRS2,3 and solving for b1 and s2. The optimal consumption levels c1, c2, and c3 can then be found using the budget constraints.
If the initial endowment wo increases, b1 will decrease and s2 will increase, meaning Delkash will borrow less in period one and save more in period two. If r2 increases, c1 will decrease and c2 will increase,
Meaning Delkash will consume less in period one and more in period two. If r1 increases, c1 will decrease, meaning Delkash will consume less in period one.
Part E: Using the given parameter values, we can find that Delkash's expected increase in income in period two (A) is greater than the cost of tuition (11*T) plus the opportunity cost of not earning income in period one (t1*y),
Meaning it is the optimal choice for her to go to college. We can then use the budget constraints and the equations for MRS1,2 and MRS2,3 to find the optimal values for c1, c2, c3, b1, and s2.
Part F: If the interest rate on borrowing in period one increases to rB,1 = 11 + u, it will become more expensive for Delkash to borrow in period one. However, if u = 0.1, it is still the optimal choice for Delkash to go to college because
the expected increase in income in period two (A) is still greater than the cost of tuition (11*T) plus the opportunity cost of not earning income in period one (t1*y) plus the additional cost of borrowing (u*b1).
Part G: If the equations for MRS1,2 and MRS2,3 are changed to MRS1,2 = (c2/c1)^2 + 1/B1 * 11/12 and MRS2,3 = (c3/c2)^2 + 1/B2 * 12/13, we can use the same process as in Part E to find the optimal values for c1, c2, c3, b1, and s2 with the new equations.
The results will be different from Part E because the new equations for MRS1,2 and MRS2,3 will lead to different optimal values for b1 and s2, which will in turn lead to different optimal values for c1, c2, and c3.
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HANGE AND RESISTANCE TO CHANGEABOUT ARAMCOThe recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has changed the world as we know it. Many new challenges are faced. The outbreak is moving quickly, and most countries are trying to respond quickly to contain the impact. However, the spread of the virus may continue throughout the upcoming years and impact the operations of many industries for years to come. Accordingly, change has become an urgent need and no longer considered as a luxury or a choice.Taking the SME (Small Medium Enterprises) sector as an example, provide:A report of about 3000 words (10%+/-) that evaluates change and resistance to change. Your evaluation as a change agent should focus on the following:Background of a chosen SME sector you have chosen being it a restaurant, shop, or a service oriented enterprise, etc. that needs to consider change as part of covid-19 pandemic (15 marks).Explain the environmental pressures for change (fashion, demography, external mandate, etc.) and critically analyse the SME sector you have chosen in this context and what were the main drivers towards change (25 marks).Explain how change can take place and what challenges can a change manager face and how s/he should deal with them. Reflect in your answer on the SME sector you have chosen by analysing the nature of changes that took place and challenges faced and how it was dealt with (45 marks).Explain resistance to change and how such resistance can be managed. Analyse the case you have chosen from this perspective by reflecting on the most appropriate approach to manage resistance to change in the SME sector you have chosen (15 marks).
Change and resistance to change are important considerations for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental pressures such as changes in fashion, demography, and external mandates are some of the drivers of change for SMEs.
Change managers must be prepared to handle various challenges that arise with change, such as resistance from employees. This can be managed by providing incentives, better communication, and an understanding of why change is needed.
For an SME sector such as a restaurant, shop, or service-oriented enterprise, change can take place in different ways. For example, increased focus on safety and hygiene practices, changes in the marketing strategy, shift towards digital services, and changes in operating procedures are some of the changes that an SME may face.
In the case of an SME sector such as a restaurant, shop, or service-oriented enterprise, a change manager could offer incentives such as additional training, flexible work schedules, or additional benefits to encourage employees to accept and embrace change.
In conclusion, change is an important consideration for SMEs in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental pressures such as changes in fashion, demography, and external mandates are some of the drivers of change for SMEs.
Change managers must be prepared to handle various challenges that arise with change, such as resistance from employees. Resistance to change can be managed by having open communication channels and providing incentives.
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Research whether other countries outlaw bribery. (Hint: look at the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development.)
Yes, many other countries outlaw bribery. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), countries such as France, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States have laws that make bribery a criminal offense.
In France, the Penal Code stipulates that any individual or company engaging in bribery is subject to criminal punishment, with a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and a fine of up to EUR 1 million. In the UK, the Bribery Act 2010 sets out detailed rules for businesses and provides penalties for non-compliance.
Similarly, Australia has the Criminal Code Act 1995, which makes it illegal to give or receive bribes, with a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and a fine of up to AUD 1.7 million. In the United States, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) of 1977 sets forth rules and penalties related to bribing foreign officials.
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Southern Systems issued 15-year bonds a year ago at a coupon rate of 4.1 percent. The bonds make semiannual payments and have a par value of $1,000. If the YTM on these bonds is 4.5 percent, what is the current bond price? Please show what financial functions used in excel
The current bond price of Southern Systems is $958.62.
The current bond price of Southern Systems can be calculated using the PV function in Excel.
The PV function calculates the present value of a series of future cash flows, which in this case are the semiannual coupon payments and the par value at maturity. The formula for the PV function is:
PV = C / (1 + r)^n + F / (1 + r)^n
Where:
- C is the coupon payment
- r is the discount rate (YTM)
- n is the number of periods
- F is the par value
In this case, the coupon payment is $1,000 x 4.1% / 2 = $20.5, the discount rate is 4.5% / 2 = 2.25%, and the number of periods is 15 x 2 = 30. The par value is $1,000.
Using the PV function in Excel, we can calculate the current bond price as follows:
=PV(2.25%, 30, 20.5, 1000, 0)
The current bond price is $958.62.
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Question 1 (a) Explain FOUR (4) ways of deceiving consumers by using advertisements. (10 Marks)
There are several ways in which consumers can be deceived by using advertisements. They are Misleading claims, False endorsements, Hidden fees and Manipulative imagery.
There are several ways in which consumers can be deceived by using advertisements. Four of these ways are as follows:
1. Misleading claims: Advertisements can deceive consumers by making false or misleading claims about the product or service they are promoting. For example, an advertisement might claim that a product is "all natural" when it actually contains synthetic ingredients.
2. False endorsements: Advertisements can deceive consumers by featuring false endorsements from celebrities or other well-known individuals. For example, an advertisement might claim that a celebrity uses a particular product when they do not.
3. Hidden fees: Advertisements can deceive consumers by hiding fees or charges that are not included in the advertised price. For example, an advertisement might promote a low monthly payment for a product but not disclose that there are additional fees or charges that must be paid.
4. Manipulative imagery: Advertisements can deceive consumers by using manipulative imagery to make products or services appear more appealing than they actually are. For example, an advertisement might use photoshopped images to make a product appear larger or more attractive than it actually is.
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