PLS HELP
Explain the difference between surface mining and sub-surface mining.

Answer:

Surface mining removes ore deposits that are close to the surface, and subsurface mining removes minerals that are deep underground. While mineral use is very important to us, there are also many environmental impacts, such as erosion, air and water pollution, land destruction and harm to mine workers.

Explanation:

Surface - Subsurface

Surface means the outside part or uppermost layer of something.

Sub means under so Subsurface means the stratum or strata below the earth's surface.

Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. It is done in several ways, among which surface and sub-surface mining are two primary methods. The key difference between these lies primarily in their spatial orientation and the depth of the materials being mined.

Surface mining, also known as open-pit mining, is a method where the overlying layers of soil and rock covering the mineral deposit, known as the 'overburden', are removed. This method is commonly employed when the desired mineral deposits are situated near the earth's surface or when the overburden is relatively thin and the minerals to be harvested are too large or too heavy to extract by sub-surface means. This approach offers the advantage of being cost-effective and efficient, particularly for minerals such as coal and iron ore. However, it also results in significant disruption and destruction of the surface environment, impacting ecosystems and often leading to notable landscape changes.

On the other hand, sub-surface mining, also known as underground mining, involves the extraction of minerals and geological materials from beneath the earth's surface. This technique is employed when the desired minerals are located at significant depths beneath the earth's surface, or when surface mining is not feasible due to environmental, economic, or safety reasons. In sub-surface mining, shafts, tunnels, or adits are constructed to reach the mineral deposits. While this method is less disruptive to the surface environment, it is typically more dangerous and expensive due to the risks of tunnel collapse, flooding, and the complexities of ventilation and lighting.

In summary, while surface and sub-surface mining both aim to extract valuable geological materials, their methods and implications vary greatly. The choice between them is contingent upon the type and location of mineral deposits, the economic viability, and the environmental impact. As a responsible society, it is paramount to consider these factors in our quest for valuable resources, bearing in mind the imperative of sustainable practices and minimal environmental degradation.

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