To calculate the accounting rate of return (ARR) for both server investments, we use the following formula:
ARR = Average Annual Net Income / Initial Investment * 100
For Server A:
The average annual net income is $26,000, and the initial investment is $42,000. Therefore:
ARR for Server A = $26,000 / $42,000 * 100 = 61.9%
For Server B:
To calculate the average annual net income, we need to determine the total net income over the useful life and divide it by the number of years:
Total net income for Server B = $27,000 + $14,000 + $1,000 = $42,000
Average annual net income for Server B = $42,000 / 3 = $14,000
ARR for Server B = $14,000 / $42,000 * 100 = 33.3%
Next, let's calculate the net present value (NPV) for both server investments. The NPV is calculated by discounting the net cash flows to their present value and subtracting the initial investment.
For Server A:
The net cash inflow is $26,000 per year for three years, and the required rate of return is 12%. The initial investment is $42,000.
NPV for Server A = -$42,000 + ($26,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1) + ($26,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2) + ($26,000 / (1 + 0.12)^3)
NPV for Server A = -$42,000 + $23,214 + $20,703 + $18,415 = $20,332
For Server B:
The net cash inflows are $27,000, $14,000, and $1,000 for years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The residual value is $4,000. The required rate of return is 12%, and the initial investment is $42,000.
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Explain the important aspects pertaining to regulatory compliance programs in the safety and protection of humans during clinical trials. How does patient privacy and data integrity fall under current good clinical practices?
Regulatory compliance programs are crucial in ensuring the safety and protection of humans during clinical trials.
What are the important aspects?The following are some of the most important aspects to consider in relation to regulatory compliance programs in clinical trials:
1. Informed consent: Obtaining informed consent is an essential part of the clinical trial process. Patients must understand the potential risks and benefits of participating in the study and be able to make an informed decision about whether or not to participate.
The informed consent process must comply with applicable laws and regulations, including those related to patient privacy.
2. Monitoring: Regulatory compliance programs must include a monitoring plan to ensure that clinical trial data is accurate, complete, and consistent with the study protocol.
This includes monitoring the conduct of the study, verifying the accuracy of data collected, and ensuring that the study is conducted in accordance with applicable regulations and guidelines.
3. Reporting: Regulatory compliance programs must include a mechanism for reporting adverse events and serious adverse events. This ensures that the safety of study participants is monitored throughout the study and that any safety concerns are promptly reported to the appropriate regulatory authorities.
4. Patient privacy: Patient privacy is a crucial aspect of regulatory compliance in clinical trials. All patient data must be kept confidential and protected from unauthorized disclosure. This includes personal information, medical history, and study results.
5. Data integrity: Data integrity is essential to ensure that the study results are accurate and reliable. Regulatory compliance programs must include procedures to ensure that the data is complete, accurate, and verifiable.
Patient privacy and data integrity fall under current good clinical practices because they are essential aspects of ensuring the safety and protection of human subjects during clinical trials.
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Machine Inc. purchased a 100% business-use asset for $2,156,119 in 2020. The asset has a 5-year MACRS GDS recovery period and is depreciated under MACRS GDS (no SL election). The asset was placed in service on March 1, 2020. In addition to the above asset (5-year asset), Machine Inc. also purchased and placed in service a 7-year asset for $10,432,154 on Sept. 1, 2020. Machine Inc. did not elect Section 179 expensing and elected out of Section 168(k) bonus depreciation. What is Machine Inc.'s 2020 depreciation deduction for the 5-year asset? X (no answer) Correct Answer: 431,224
In order to determine Machine Inc.'s 2020 depreciation deduction for the 5-year asset, we can use the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) which is a depreciation system that is used for tax purposes and stands for Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System. It is an asset depreciation method that allows for greater deductions in the earlier years of an asset’s life and lesser deductions in later years.
According to the question;Machine Inc. purchased a 100% business-use asset for $2,156,119 in 2020.The asset has a 5-year MACRS GDS recovery period and is depreciated under MACRS GDS (no SL election).The asset was placed in service on March 1, 2020. Machine Inc. did not elect Section 179 expensing and elected out of Section 168(k) bonus depreciation.We can determine the annual depreciation of the asset using the MACRS tables provided by the IRS. The five-year asset will have to be depreciated using the half-year convention as it was placed in service in March. The half-year convention means that the asset is considered to be placed in service in the middle of the year; therefore, only half of the year's depreciation is allowed in the first and last year of the asset's useful life.
Hence, the 5-year asset will have six years of depreciation.Here's the calculation below:First-year depreciation = (2.56%) x (2,156,119) = $55,163.36Second-year depreciation = (4.915%) x (2,156,119) = $105,798.10Third-year depreciation = (4.915%) x (2,156,119) = $105,798.10Fourth-year depreciation = (4.915%) x (2,156,119) = $105,798.10Fifth-year depreciation = (4.915%) x (2,156,119) = $105,798.10Sixth-year depreciation = (2.46%) x (2,156,119) = $52,899.05Total depreciation = $55,163.36 + $105,798.10 + $105,798.10 + $105,798.10 + $105,798.10 + $52,899.05= $531,254.81Machine Inc.'s 2020 depreciation deduction for the 5-year asset is equal to the first-year depreciation multiplied by the number of days the asset was used in 2020. In this case, the asset was used for 306 days in 2020 (March 1 to December 31).Therefore;Depreciation deduction for 5-year asset = $55,163.36 x (306/365) = $46,060.64Note: It is important to note that Machine Inc. did not elect Section 179 expensing and elected out of Section 168(k) bonus depreciation, meaning that there were no immediate deductions for the assets. They were deducted using MACRS GDS over the period of their useful lives.
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(Working with a statement of cash flows) Given the information in the popup window, prepare a statement of cash flows Cat) Complete the operating activities part of the statement of cash flows: (Round to the nearest dollar. NOTE: Input cash inflows as positive values and cash outflows as negative values) Statement of Cash Flows Cash Flows from Operating Activities Adjustments Dividends Increase in common stock Increase in accounts receivable Increase in inventories Operating income Increase in accounts payable Interest expense Depreciation expense. $25 27 65 5 215 40 50 20 Depreciation expense Increase in bank debt Increase in accrued expenses Increase in gross fixed assets Income taxes 20 48 15 55 45 (Click on the icon located on the top-right corner of the data table above in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet.)
The value of net cash provided by operating activities is $210.
How to find?Input cash inflows as positive values and cash outflows as negative values)Statement of Cash FlowsCash Flows from Operating Activities. Adjustments Dividends Increase in common stock Increase in accounts receivable Increase in inventories Operating income Increase in accounts payable Interest expense Depreciation expense $25 27 65 5 215 40 50 20 .
Depreciation expense, Increase in bank debt Increase in accrued expenses Increase in gross fixed assets Income taxes 20 48 15 55 45Calculation of Operating Activities Particulars Amount Operating income$215Depreciation expense$20Increase in accounts receivable($5)Increase in inventories($65)Increase in accounts payable$50Interest expense($20)Increase in accrued expenses$15Net cash provided by operating activities$210.
Therefore, the value of net cash provided by operating activities is $210.
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The statement of changes in retained earnings for the year shows:
a. the retained earnings balance at the beginning of the year.
b. amounts received from the sale of additional common stock during the year.
c. extraordinary gains or losses during the year.
d. the effect of a stock split during the year.
The statement of changes in retained earnings for the year provides information about the changes in the retained earnings balance of a company. It typically includes the retained earnings balance at the beginning of the year, amounts received from the sale of additional common stock, extraordinary gains or losses, and the effect of a stock split during the year.
The statement of changes in retained earnings is an important financial statement that shows the changes in the retained earnings balance of a company over a specific period, usually a year. It includes several key components. Firstly, it presents the retained earnings balance at the beginning of the year, which represents the accumulated profits or losses from previous periods. Secondly, it includes amounts received from the sale of additional common stock, which reflects the capital raised by issuing new shares. Thirdly, it may disclose extraordinary gains or losses, which are significant and non-recurring events that impact the company's earnings. Lastly, it indicates the effect of a stock split during the year, which is a corporate action that increases the number of shares while proportionally reducing their value. Together, these elements provide a comprehensive overview of the changes in the retained earnings of a company during the year.
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If there are constant returns to scale, how is the production function written? Y/LA F(1, K/L, H/L, N/L) xY= 2 x A F(L, K, H, N) XL = A F(1,Y, K, H, N) Y/L A F(XL, XK, XH, XN)
If there are constant returns to scale, the production function is written in the following ways:Y/L = A F(1, K/L, H/L, N/L)xY= 2xA F(L, K, H, N)XL = A F(1,Y, K, H, N)Y/L = A F(XL, XK, XH, XN)What is constant returns to scale?Constant returns to scale are a term used to describe a production function that shows a constant proportion between the inputs and outputs.
This term refers to a scenario where an increase in inputs results in an equivalent increase in output. As a result, the total product output remains the same, implying that average and marginal production remain constant throughout.
How is the production function written?The first method is:Y/L = A F(1, K/L, H/L, N/L)In this formula, the production function shows the relationship between output and the number of workers.
Y is the output, L is the number of laborers, A is the overall productivity of other inputs, K is the capital, H is the quality of labor, and N is the quantity of raw materials used in production.
The second method is:xY= 2xA F(L, K, H, N)This formula illustrates the doubling of output from a doubling of all inputs. It is simply indicating the constant returns to scale for any possible combination of inputs.
The third method is:XL = A F(1,Y, K, H, N)This equation shows the relationship between the amount of capital used in the production process and the amount of output produced.
This implies that the quantity of labor, raw materials, and the quality of labor remain the same in the short run.Finally, the fourth method is:Y/L = A F(XL, XK, XH, XN)This formula shows the relationship between the output, inputs, and the degree of capital use. The overall productivity of other inputs, capital (K), labor quality (H), and raw materials (N) are all included.
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Fuzzy Button Clothing Company reported sales of $720,000 at the end of last year; but this year, sales are expected to grow by 6%. Fuzzy Buttonexpects to maintain its current profit margin of 22% and dividend payout ratio of 15%. The firm’s total assets equaled $500,000 and were operated at full capacity. Fuzzy Button’s balance sheet shows the following current liabilities: accounts payable of $80,000, notes payable of $25,000, and accrued liabilities of $60,000. Based on the AFN (Additional Funds Needed) equation, what is the firm’s AFN for the coming year?
-$121,118
-$115,062
-$157,453
-$109,006
A negatively-signed AFN value represents:
a surplus of internally generated funds that can be invested in physical or financial assets or paid out as additional dividends.
a shortage of internally generated funds that must be raised outside the company to finance the company’s forecasted future growth.
a point at which the funds generated within the firm equal the demands for funds to finance the firm’s future expected sales requirements.
Because of its excess funds, Fuzzy Button is thinking about raising its dividend payout ratio to satisfy shareholders. What percentage of its earnings can Fuzzy Button pay to shareholders without needing to raise any external capital? (Hint: What can Fuzzy Button increase its dividend payout ratio to before the AFN becomes positive?)
61.0%
74.0%
87.1%
78.4%
The firm’s AFN for the coming year is -$157,453. A negatively-signed AFN value represents a shortage of internally generated funds that must be raised outside the company to finance the company’s forecasted future growth. percentage of its earnings is 87.1%. The correct options are C), B) and C) respectively.
Let's calculate the AFN using the given information
AFN = (Projected increase in sales - Increase in retained earnings - Increase in spontaneous liabilities) - (Increase in fixed assets - Increase in retained earnings - Increase in spontaneous liabilities)
Projected increase in sales = $720,000 * 6% = $43,200
Increase in retained earnings = (Projected increase in sales) * (Profit margin) * (1 - Dividend payout ratio)
= $43,200 * 22% * (1 - 15%) = $5,374.40
Increase in spontaneous liabilities = Accounts payable + Notes payable + Accrued liabilities
= $80,000 + $25,000 + $60,000 = $165,000
Increase in fixed assets = Total assets * (Projected increase in sales - Increase in retained earnings - Increase in spontaneous liabilities) / Sales
= $500,000 * ($43,200 - $5,374.40 - $165,000) / $720,000 = -$10,800
Now, we can calculate the AFN
AFN = ($43,200 - $5,374.40 - $165,000) - (-$10,800) = -$115,062.40
Therefore, the correct answer is -$115,062. The firm's AFN for the coming year is -$115,062. So, the correct answer is B).
A negatively-signed AFN value indicates that the company's internally generated funds are insufficient to meet the funding requirements for its projected growth. Therefore, additional funds need to be obtained from external sources to support the company's expansion plans.
The correct answer is b, a shortage of internally generated funds that must be raised outside the company to finance the company's forecasted future growth.
To determine the percentage of earnings that Fuzzy Button can pay to shareholders without needing to raise external capital, we need to find the dividend payout ratio that results in an AFN value of zero (AFN = 0).
Using the AFN equation
AFN = (Sales * (1 + Growth rate) - Total assets) - (Current liabilities) - (Profit margin * Sales * (1 - Dividend payout ratio))
Setting AFN to zero
0 = (Sales * (1 + Growth rate) - Total assets) - (Current liabilities) - (Profit margin * Sales * (1 - Dividend payout ratio))
Simplifying the equation, we can solve for the dividend payout ratio:
Dividend payout ratio = 1 - (Total assets - Current liabilities) / (Sales * (1 + Growth rate) * Profit margin)
Plugging in the given values
Dividend payout ratio = 1 - ($500,000 - $80,000 - $25,000 - $60,000) / ($720,000 * (1 + 6%) * 22%)
Dividend payout ratio ≈ 87.1%
Therefore, Fuzzy Button can increase its dividend payout ratio to approximately 87.1% without needing to raise any external capital. The correct answer is c).
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hich of the following statements about price discrimination is false? group of answer choices price discrimination is a method for a seller to capture some consumer surplus. charging less for a second pizza that is identical to the first is an example of price discrimination. price discrimination increases a monopoly's profit. compared to a single-price monopoly, the number of units sold increases when a monopoly price discriminates. all forms of price discrimination are illegal.
The false statement regarding price discrimination among the following options is "all forms of price discrimination are illegal."
What is Price Discrimination?
Price discrimination refers to the practice of charging a different price for the same good or service to different consumers. It may occur when there is price discrimination in a monopolistic market. A monopoly may charge different prices to different customers for the same product, this allows it to capture more of the consumer surplus and increase its profit.
The following statements about price discrimination are true:
Price discrimination is a method for a seller to capture some consumer surplus.
Charging less for a second pizza that is identical to the first is an example of price discrimination.
Price discrimination increases a monopoly's profit.
Compared to a single-price monopoly, the number of units sold increases when a monopoly price discriminates.
The above-mentioned statement is false because price discrimination is not illegal. Although there are specific legal provisions that regulate price discrimination and outlaw price discrimination that harms specific groups of people such as race, religion, nationality, and other protected groups. Nevertheless, price discrimination that benefits customers is legal.
The false statement regarding price discrimination among the following options is "all forms of price discrimination are illegal."
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What is the fixed overhead spending variance? Multiple Choice
1)The difference between the flexible budget for variable overhead based on inputs and the flexible budget for variable overhead based on outputs
2)The difference between actual fixed overhead costs for the period and the standard fixed overhead costs applied to production based on a standard fixed overhead application rate.
3)The difference between budgeted (lump-sum) fixed overhead cost for the period and the standard fixed overhead cost applied to production
4)The difference between budgeted and actual fixed factory overhead costs for a period. The output activity level used to establish the predetermined fixed overhead application rate.
The fixed overhead spending variance is: The difference between actual fixed overhead costs for the period and the standard fixed overhead costs applied to production based on a standard fixed overhead application rate.
The fixed overhead spending variance compares the actual amount of fixed overhead costs incurred during a period with the standard amount of fixed overhead costs that should have been incurred based on the predetermined fixed overhead application rate.
It measures the difference between the actual spending on fixed overhead and the expected or budgeted amount. This variance helps to assess how well the company controlled its fixed overhead costs during the period.
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an iot device will monitor information from the environment. a. true b. false
The given statement that "an IoT device will monitor information from the environment" is generally true. An IoT device is a device that is connected to the internet and can collect and share data from a variety of sources. The environment can be a source of data for an IoT device. Thus, an IoT device will monitor information from the environment.
An IoT device is a device that is connected to the internet and can collect and share data from a variety of sources. These devices can range from simple sensors to complex machines such as cars and airplanes. They are typically designed to collect data about the environment or the things that they are monitoring and share this data with other devices or people.In conclusion, an IoT device can be used to monitor information from the environment and can be a valuable tool in collecting data about the world around us.
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Now that we are mostly through the semester I would like you all to take a look back on all of the artists and musical movements related to Rock and Roll and discuss which artists(s) and/or movement(s) you think are most relevant to today's Music Industry and why. Please be as specific as possible and give examples to support your claims. Discuss and debate.
I need a 1-2 paragraph long of what it is asking please. Here are examples you can talk about. Please be detailed and specific:
1.) Michael Jackson
2.) The Beatles
3.) Jimi Hendrix
4.) Bob Dylan
5.) David Bowie
When looking back on the artists and musical movements related to Rock and Roll, several names stand out as particularly relevant to today's music industry. Michael Jackson, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, and David Bowie have all made significant contributions and continue to influence the music landscape. Their lasting impact can be seen through their innovative styles, cultural influence, and enduring popularity.
Michael Jackson, with his iconic voice, electrifying performances, and groundbreaking music videos, revolutionized the music industry. His fusion of pop, R&B, and rock influences continues to inspire artists today, and his impact on choreography and visual storytelling is evident in the works of artists like Beyoncé and Justin Timberlake.
The Beatles, as one of the most influential bands in history, shaped the course of popular music. Their experimentation with different genres, studio techniques, and songwriting styles paved the way for contemporary artists to push boundaries and explore new sounds. The band's timeless melodies and harmonies can be heard in the music of acts like Arctic Monkeys and Tame Impala.
Jimi Hendrix's virtuosic guitar skills and innovative approach to rock music transformed the instrument's possibilities. His influence can be heard in the work of guitarists across genres, and his bold and expressive playing style continues to inspire musicians to push the limits of their instruments.
Bob Dylan, known for his poetic lyrics and distinct voice, revolutionized songwriting in rock and folk music. His ability to tell stories and address social issues through music paved the way for artists like Bruce Springsteen and Kendrick Lamar, who use their lyrics to convey powerful messages and create meaningful connections with their audiences.
David Bowie's chameleon-like persona and genre-bending music made him an influential figure in rock and pop culture. His ability to continually reinvent himself and explore different artistic expressions has inspired countless musicians to embrace experimentation and authenticity in their own work.
These artists and movements continue to be relevant today because they pushed boundaries, challenged norms, and created music that resonated with audiences on a deep level. Their innovation, cultural impact, and enduring popularity ensure their legacy in the music industry.
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Which of the following statement regarding the role of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions is false? O to promote sound and stable conventional as well as Islamic financial industry that can be globally competitive O to promote prudent and transparent practices in the management of Islamic financial institutions to protect the interest of all stakeholders including the investors, depositors and workers and the general public O to ensure the proper discharge of the corporate social responsibility role of the Islamic financial institutions
The false statement regarding the role of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions is one of the given options.
The false statement among the options is "to promote sound and stable conventional as well as Islamic financial industry that can be globally competitive." This statement does not accurately reflect the role of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions.
Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions aims to promote prudent and transparent practices in their management to protect the interests of stakeholders, including investors, depositors, workers, and the general public. It emphasizes the importance of ethical behavior, accountability, and social responsibility.
The role of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions is to ensure the proper discharge of their corporate social responsibility. This involves considering the social and environmental impact of their operations, promoting sustainable practices, and contributing to the welfare of society.
However, the promotion of a sound and stable conventional financial industry is not a primary objective of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions. Islamic finance operates based on Sharia principles and has its distinct objectives and ethical framework. The focus is on providing financial services that comply with Islamic principles rather than competing with conventional finance on a global scale.
Therefore, the false statement is "to promote sound and stable conventional as well as Islamic financial industry that can be globally competitive."
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1) example for question 1. November 1, 2015/ MSN money. com this is how you should answer question #1
2) I need you to give me a three sentence summary
3) Example for question #3. Economic growth- the increase in productive capacity of an economic (p.24)
question 4) for example. Economic growth is etc.
Economic growth is an important indicator of a country's economic development and overall well-being.
1) Example for question 1:
An example of a source citation for an article on MSN Money from November 1, 2015, might be:
"Smith, J. (2015, November 1). The best ways to invest your money. MSN Money. Retrieved from https://www.msn.com/money/article/the-best-ways-to-invest-your-money."
This would be an appropriate way to cite a source when answering a question about investing tips on MSN Money.
2) Three sentence summary:
To give a three sentence summary, you would need to specify what it is you want a summary of. Please provide more details about the topic you need a summary for.
3) Example for question 3:
An example of economic growth might be a country increasing its gross domestic product (GDP) by 5% in a year. This means that the country's economy has grown and it is producing more goods and services than it did in the previous year.
4) For example, economic growth is the increase in a country's real GDP, which means that there is an increase in the production of goods and services. This can be achieved through various means such as technological advancements, increased labor productivity, and increased capital investment.
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The study of business ethics is important to better understand all of the following exceptA. that a person's own moral philosophies and decision-making experience may not be sufficient to guide him or her in the business world. B. how and why people make ethical or unethical decisions. C. how to cope with conflicts between a person's own values and those of the organization in which he or she works. D. that business ethics is entirely an extension of an individual's own personal ethics. E. how to identify ethical issues arising in the business world.
That business ethics is entirely an extension of an individual's own personal ethics.
The study of business ethics is important because it aids in a better comprehension of how and why people make ethical or unethical decisions, how to deal with conflicts between one's own values and those of the organization in which one works, and how to identify ethical concerns that arise in the business world.
It is critical to note that business ethics is not simply an extension of an individual's own personal ethics, but rather a distinct area of study that necessitates its own criteria and approaches. Therefore, option D is incorrect.
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Opening Inventory 350
Purchases 2900
Purchases Discounts 5
Purchases Returns and Allowances
19
Transportation-In 107
Ending inventory amounts to $434.
Required: Calculate cost of goods sold.
Opening Inventory ($350) + Purchases ($2,900) + Transportation-In ($107) - Purchases Discounts ($5) - Purchases Returns and Allowances ($19) - Ending Inventory ($434).
To calculate the cost of goods sold, we start with the opening inventory balance of $350. Then we add the purchases made during the period, which amount to $2,900. Additionally, we include transportation-in costs of $107 to account for the cost of bringing the goods to the business. From this total, we subtract any discounts received on purchases ($5) and returns or allowances made ($19). Finally, we deduct the ending inventory balance of $434, as this represents the value of the remaining goods at the end of the period. The resulting calculation gives us the cost of goods sold, which amounts to $3,148.
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"One of the basic precepts in contract law is that any bargain struck must be fair to be enforceable." Explain the accuracy of that statement. Point our to the legal principles connected with this statement.
The statement that any bargain struck must be fair to be enforceable in contract law is generally accurate.
This principle is connected to several legal principles, including the doctrine of unconscionability, the requirement of mutual assent, and the concept of consideration.
In contract law, the principle of fairness is essential for an agreement to be enforceable. One legal principle connected to this statement is the doctrine of unconscionability. This doctrine protects parties from unfair and oppressive contracts. If a contract is found to be unconscionable, the court may refuse to enforce it or modify its terms to make it fair.
Another legal principle is the requirement of mutual assent, which means that both parties must freely and willingly agree to the terms of the contract. If one party is forced or tricked into the agreement, it may be deemed unfair and unenforceable.
Additionally, the concept of consideration is relevant. Consideration refers to something of value exchanged between the parties, such as money, goods, or services. A contract without adequate consideration may be considered unfair and unenforceable.
Overall, the principle that any bargain struck must be fair to be enforceable is supported by legal doctrines such as unconscionability, mutual assent, and consideration. These principles ensure that contracts are entered into voluntarily, without unfair terms, and with valuable consideration, thus upholding the fundamental fairness required in contract law.
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All else constant, if the yield to maturity of a bond increases, the the value of the bond __________.
a. increases b. decreases c. remains the same d. not enough information
To answer enter a, b, c, or d
The answer to this question is option (b) decreases.
Explanation. When the yield to maturity of a bond increases, the value of the bond decreases. Bond valuation is based on two components: a coupon and capital appreciation.
When the coupon rate is fixed and the interest rate increases, the bond's value decreases since the fixed coupon payment is less attractive.
This means that as the yield to maturity increases, the price of the bond decreases.
Therefore, if the yield to maturity of a bond increases, the value of the bond decreases.
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Which of the following from among the independent, dependent and moderating variables is a confound in an experimental study? Multiple Choice The independent variable The dependent variable The moderating variable All three variables are confounding variables O None of the three variables are confounding variables
d. all three variables are confounding variables. in an experimental study, a confound refers to an extraneous variable that systematically varies
along with the independent variable and affects the dependent variable. this can lead to a misinterpretation of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
among the s provided, the confound would be "all three variables are confounding variables." if all three variables (independent, dependent, and moderating variables) are confounded, it means that there are other variables influencing the relationship between them, making it difficult to isolate the true effects of each variable.
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Coopers Ltd is a renown domestic company dealing in household electrical appliances. It was a market leader in this industry until two years ago when sales started dropping. You are the Research and Development officer at Coopers and you have been tasked to conduct research on the satisfaction levels of your customers. Your sample size is 100 respondents comprising of 60 women and 40 men as the analysis is based on gender. Using cross tabulation as your data analysis method, illustrate with a contingency table the levels of customer satisfaction. (15 marks) b) Which research method widely uses cross tabulation and why?
The cross tabulation of the customer satisfaction levels of Coopers Ltd. customers, based on gender:
| Female | 60% satisfied |
| Male | 40% satisfied |
As you can see, the majority of Coopers Ltd. customers are satisfied with the company's products and services. However, there is a significant difference in satisfaction levels between men and women, with women being more satisfied than men.
There are a number of possible reasons for this difference. For example, women may be more likely to use household electrical appliances than men, and they may be more critical of the products and services they use. Additionally, women may be more likely to be influenced by marketing and advertising, and they may be more likely to expect a higher level of customer service from companies.
Cross tabulation is a statistical method that is used to analyze the relationship between two or more categorical variables. In this case, the two categorical variables are gender and satisfaction level. Cross tabulation can be used to identify relationships between variables, to calculate percentages, and to create contingency tables.
Cross tabulation is a widely used research method in a variety of fields, including marketing, sociology, and education. It is a valuable tool for researchers because it can be used to analyze complex data sets and to identify patterns and trends.
Here are some examples of research methods that widely use cross tabulation:
Market research: Market researchers use cross tabulation to analyze data from surveys and focus groups. This information can be used to understand customer preferences, identify market trends, and develop marketing strategies.
Sociology: Sociologists use cross tabulation to analyze data from surveys and censuses. This information can be used to understand social trends, identify social problems, and develop social policies.
Education: Educators use cross tabulation to analyze data from student surveys, test scores, and grades. This information can be used to understand student learning, identify areas of improvement, and develop educational programs.
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Identify any high profile corporate bankruptcy attributable to derivative trading. Describe the events that created the problem. 7marks i. ii. Outline the lessons that can be learnt from the occurrence of such events.
One high-profile corporate bankruptcy attributable to derivative trading is the collapse of the energy trading giant Enron Corporation. Enron's downfall was primarily caused by aggressive and fraudulent accounting practices related to its trading of energy derivatives.
Enron engaged in complex financial transactions, using special purpose entities (SPEs) to hide debt and inflate profits. The company employed mark-to-market accounting, which allowed them to estimate the present value of future cash flows from derivative contracts. They used this method to report unrealized gains and manipulate their financial statements, misleading investors and creditors.
When Enron's fraudulent practices were exposed in 2001, investor confidence plummeted, leading to a loss of trust and liquidity. The company filed for bankruptcy, resulting in significant losses for shareholders, employees, and stakeholders.
The lessons learned from the Enron scandal include the importance of transparency and accurate financial reporting. Companies should provide clear and comprehensive disclosures regarding their derivative activities and avoid using complex structures to conceal debt. Additionally, regulatory bodies and auditors play a crucial role in ensuring compliance and preventing fraudulent practices. Robust internal controls, ethical corporate culture, and independent oversight are essential to prevent similar occurrences in the future.
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Allied Merchandisers was organized on May 1. Macy Company is a major customer (buyer) of Allied (seller) products. May 3 Allied made its first and only purchase of inventory for the period on May 3 for 2,000 units at a price of $10 cash per unit (for a total cost of $20,000). May 5 Allied sold 1,500 of the units in inventory for $14 per unit (invoice total: $21,000) to Macy Company under credit terms 2/10, n/60. The goods cost Allied $15,000. Macy returns 125 units because they did not fit the customer's needs (invoice amount: $1,750). Allied restores the units, which cost $1,250, to its inventory. May 7 May 8 Macy discovers that 200 units are scuffed but are still of use and, therefore, keeps the units. Allied gives a price reduction (allowance) and credits Macy's accounts receivable for $300 to compensate for the damage. May 15 Allied receives payment from Macy for the amount owed on the May 5 purchase; payment is net of returns, allowances, and any cash discount. Exercise 4-7 (Static) Effects of sales transactions on income statement LO P2 Exercise 4-7 (Static) Effects of sales transactions on income statement LO P2 Use the above informations, analyze each transaction by indicating its effects on the income statement-specifically, identify the accounts and amounts (including + or -) for each transaction. May 3 Income Statement Components Sales Sales discounts Sales returns and allowances Net sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Increase/Decrease Amount May 5 Increase/Decrease (+) increase (-) decrease Amount May 7 Increase/Decrease Amount May 8 Increase/Decrease Amount May 15 Increase/Decrease Amount Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 Date May 03 3 Note: Enter debits before credits. Allied made its first and only purchase of inventory for the period on May 3 for 2,000 units at a price of $10 cash per unit (for a total cost of $20,000). Record entry 4 5 General Journal Clear entry Debit Credit View general journal > Journal entry worksheet < 1 Note: Enter det Date May 05 2 Record entry 3 Allied sold 1,500 of the units in inventory for $14 per unit (invoice total: $21,000) to Macy Co. under credit terms 2/10, n/60. The goods cost $15,000 to Allied. 4 5 No journal entry required Accounts payable Accounts receivable Accumulated depreciation Clear entry Debit Credit View general journal Journal entry worksheet 1 2 < 3 Note: Enter debits before credits. Date May 07 Macy returns 125 units because they did not fit the customer's needs (invoice amount: $1,750). Allied restores the units, which cost $1,250, to its inventory. Record entry 4 5 General Journal Clear entry Debit Credit View general journal Journal entry worksheet 1 2 3 < Note: Enter debits before credits. Macy discovers that 200 units are scuffed but are still of use and, therefore, keeps the units. Allied gives a price reduction (allowance) and credits Macy's accounts receivable for $300 to compensate for the damage. Date May 08 4 Record entry 5 General Journal Clear entry Debit Credit View general journal Journal entry worksheet 1 2 3 4 < Allied receives payment from Macy for the amount owed on the May 5 purchase; payment is net of returns, allowances, and any cash discount. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date May 15 5 Record entry General Journal Clear entry Debit Credit View general journal
The system for keeping accounting records includes the general diary. A transaction is an event that needs to be recorded and can be recorded in either the general journal or a specialist journal. The Journal entries for the transactions for Allied Merchandisers is shown below.
The general journal is the diary kept by the firm and is where all initial records of transactions are kept that are not kept in any of the company's specialty journals, such as the purchase journal, sales journal, cash journal, etc.
The journal entries to be prepared in the general journal for Allied Enterprise is attached below.
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A queuing model that follows the M/M/1 assumptions has X-4/hour and /hour. What is the average time a unit spends in the system measured in minutes? 30 15 12
Queuing models are mathematical models that help in the analysis of waiting lines or queues. Queuing theory is a probabilistic study of queuing models. M/M/1 model is one of the simplest and most commonly used queuing models. It assumes that the arrivals follow a Poisson process and the service times follow an exponential distribution.
The M/M/1 model has the following assumptions: The arrival rate follows a Poisson distribution, the service time follows an exponential distribution, there is only one server, there are no waiting spaces, and the system is stable and in equilibrium.The arrival rate is X = 4/hour, which means that on average, four units arrive every hour.
The service rate is µ = 5/hour, which means that on average, five units can be served in an hour.Using Little's law, we can find the average time a unit spends in the system:W = L / λwhere W is the average time a unit spends in the system, L is the average number of units in the system, and λ is the arrival rate.L = W * λFrom the M/M/1 queuing model, we know that L = λ / (µ - λ)Putting the values of λ and µ in the above formula:L = 4 / (5 - 4)L = 4Therefore, the average number of units in the system is 4.W = L / λW = 4 / 4W = 1 hour or 60 minutesTherefore, the average time a unit spends in the system is 60 minutes.
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Please answer the questions with proof and details, especially b, c, and d
A firm’s production function is given by q = min{M, L^1/2}, where M is the number of machines and L is the amount of labor that it uses. The price of labor is $1 and the price of machines is $2 per unit.
a. Derive the firm’s long-run average cost.
b. Is this technology decreasing return to scale? Show your argument.
c. Is it true the statement that if average production cost is increasing, a firm’s technology exhibits the decreasing return to scale. (If yes, show the proof. If not, show a counter example)
d. Is it true that if a firm’s technology exhibits the decreasing return to scale, then average production cost is increasing? (If yes, show the proof. If not, show a counter example)
The firm's long-run average cost can be calculated by dividing total cost by the quantity produced.
In this case, the technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale. However, an increasing average production cost doesn't necessarily mean a firm's technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale, nor does a decreasing returns to scale technology necessarily lead to an increasing average production cost. In detail, the firm's long-run average cost (LRAC) can be found by dividing total cost by the quantity produced. Since the production function is q = min{M, L^1/2}, we see that the firm uses one unit of M and four units of L to produce one unit of output. Thus, the total cost is M2 + L1 = 2 + 4 = 6. The LRAC is then 6/q. Because the firm uses more L (which has a lower price) to increase output, it exhibits decreasing returns to scale. However, increasing average production cost can occur even in cases of constant or increasing returns to scale due to other factors like fixed costs. Similarly, decreasing returns to scale can occur with a decreasing average production cost if variable costs decrease at a faster rate.
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please write it as a paragraph with total 600 word
First: A Review about Reinsurance. Definition, Advantages, Importance, and Reinsurance Alternatives.
Reinsurance plays a crucial role in the insurance industry by providing a means for insurance companies to manage risk and protect themselves against catastrophic losses.
Reinsurance is essentially insurance for insurers. Reinsurance can be defined as the process by which an insurance company transfers a portion of its risk to another insurance company, known as the reinsurer. The reinsurer agrees to indemnify the insurance company for losses incurred on the policies it has underwritten.
One of the primary advantages of reinsurance is risk mitigation. Insurance companies face the possibility of large and unpredictable losses from various events such as natural disasters, major accidents, or widespread health emergencies. By reinsuring their policies, insurance companies can limit their exposure to these risks. Reinsurance allows them to spread the potential losses among multiple reinsurers, reducing the financial impact on any single company. This ensures the stability and solvency of insurance companies, enabling them to fulfill their obligations to policyholders.
Reinsurance also helps insurance companies meet regulatory requirements. Insurance regulators often require companies to maintain a certain level of capital to ensure their ability to pay claims. By ceding some of their risk through reinsurance, insurers can reduce their required capital and allocate it more efficiently. This frees up capital that can be used for growth, innovation, or meeting other regulatory obligations.
Moreover, reinsurance provides access to specialized expertise and knowledge. Reinsurers have a broader view of the insurance market and access to extensive data and analysis. They can offer valuable insights and guidance to insurance companies in underwriting risks, pricing policies, and managing claims. Reinsurers often have advanced risk modeling capabilities, allowing them to assess risks more accurately and provide tailored reinsurance solutions to meet the specific needs of insurers.
In addition to traditional reinsurance, alternative risk transfer mechanisms have emerged in recent years. These alternatives provide insurance companies with additional options for managing risk. Captive insurance companies, for example, are wholly owned subsidiaries of larger corporations that insure the parent company's risks. They allow the parent company to retain and manage risks internally, rather than transferring them to external reinsurers. Another alternative is insurance-linked securities (ILS), which are financial instruments whose value is directly linked to an insurance loss event. Investors provide capital to insurance companies in exchange for a share of the premiums and potential losses. ILS offer insurers additional sources of capital and provide investors with opportunities for diversification and potentially higher returns.
In conclusion, reinsurance is a critical component of the insurance industry, providing risk management, stability, and regulatory compliance for insurers. It allows insurance companies to transfer a portion of their risk to reinsurers, reducing their exposure to catastrophic losses. Reinsurers offer specialized expertise and access to valuable data and analysis, enabling insurers to make more informed decisions. Additionally, alternative risk transfer mechanisms such as captives and ILS provide further options for risk management. Overall, reinsurance and its alternatives contribute to the strength and resilience of the insurance market.
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Match the policies below to whether they would be said by a Keynesian or Neoclassical economist: A. Since the supply curve is vertical, there is no need to shift the aggregate demand curve - it will only change prices and not output B. Policy should concentrate on minimizing cyclical unemployment ? 1. Neoclassical ? 2. Keynesian
The correct match for the policies would be as follows:
A. Since the supply curve is vertical, there is no need to shift the aggregate demand curve - it will only change prices and not output.
Neoclassical (1)
B. Policy should concentrate on minimizing cyclical unemployment.
Keynesian (2)
Explanation:
A Neoclassical economist would argue that the supply curve is vertical in the long run, indicating that changes in aggregate demand would only affect prices and not output.
According to Neoclassical theory, market forces operate efficiently and will bring the economy back to its potential output level in the long run. Therefore, there is no need for active demand-side policies to stimulate the economy.
On the other hand, a Keynesian economist would emphasize the importance of aggregate demand in determining output levels. They would argue that during economic downturns, there can be a significant gap between actual output and potential output, leading to unemployment.
Keynesians advocate for policies that focus on minimizing cyclical unemployment through government intervention, such as fiscal stimulus measures and monetary policy adjustments.
Keynesian economics emphasizes the role of aggregate demand in driving economic activity and the need for active policy intervention to address fluctuations in output and employment. Neoclassical economics, on the other hand, emphasizes the efficiency of market forces and the importance of supply-side factors in determining long-run growth.
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(a) Who is responsible for minimising the business risk of an organisation?
(b) Describe the auditor's responsibility with regard to business risk and financial statement assertions.
The responsibility for minimizing the business risk of an organization lies with its management team.
They are accountable for identifying, assessing, and managing risks that could impact the organization's operations, financial performance, and reputation.
The management team of an organization is responsible for minimizing business risk. This involves identifying potential risks, assessing their potential impact on the organization, and implementing measures to mitigate those risks. They need to develop risk management strategies, establish internal controls, and regularly monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of these measures. By actively managing business risk, the management team aims to protect the organization from potential harm, ensure the achievement of strategic objectives, and enhance overall performance.
Auditors play a crucial role in assessing the adequacy of an organization's risk management processes and the reliability of its financial statements. Their responsibility is to provide an independent and objective evaluation of the organization's financial reporting. Auditors assess financial statement assertions, such as the completeness, accuracy, and validity of financial information. They review internal controls implemented by management to identify any weaknesses or deficiencies that could increase business risk. By conducting an audit, auditors provide assurance to stakeholders that the financial statements present a true and fair view of the organization's financial position and performance and that the associated business risks have been appropriately addressed.
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the environment includes the interactions between domestic and foreign environmental forces, or between sets of foreign environmental forces when an affiliate in one country does business with customers in another.
The environment encompasses the interplay between domestic and foreign environmental forces, as well as the interactions between different foreign environmental forces when a company's affiliate in one country engages in business activities with customers in another.
These interactions shape the context in which businesses operate and influence their strategies and outcomes. Domestic environmental forces refer to factors within a company's home country, such as government regulations, economic conditions, cultural norms, and social trends.
Foreign environmental forces encompass factors specific to foreign markets, including political systems, legal frameworks, economic policies, cultural diversity, and competitive landscapes.
Understanding and navigating the complex dynamics between domestic and foreign environmental forces are crucial for multinational corporations operating in multiple countries.
These interactions can present both opportunities and challenges, impacting market entry, market expansion, product adaptation, supply chain management, and overall business performance
Adaptability and effective management of these interactions contribute to a company's success in the global marketplace.
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what is the unit contribution margin? how is it used in computing the unit break-even point?
The unit contribution margin is the amount of revenue per unit that remains after deducting the variable costs associated with producing that unit.
It represents the contribution of each unit towards covering fixed costs and generating profit.
To compute the unit break-even point, the unit contribution margin is used in the following formula:
Unit Break-Even Point = Fixed Costs / Unit Contribution Margin
The unit break-even point is the number of units a company needs to sell in order to cover all its fixed costs and reach the break-even point where total revenue equals total costs (both fixed and variable). By dividing the fixed costs by the unit contribution margin, we can determine how many units must be sold to achieve this break-even point.
For example, if a company has fixed costs of $10,000 and a unit contribution margin of $20, the unit break-even point would be:
Unit Break-Even Point = $10,000 / $20 = 500 units
This means that the company needs to sell 500 units to cover its fixed costs and start generating profit. Any units sold beyond the break-even point contribute towards generating profit.
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Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. Question 1 Under the contribution income statement, a company's contribution margin will be lower f Fixed selling, general and administrative expenses decrease O Variable manufacturing overhead decrease. O Fixed manufacturing overhead costs decrease. O Variable manufacturing overhead costs increase. Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. Question 2 Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the foundational assumption used in OVP analys O Behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line O Selling price, variable cost per unit and total fixed costs are known and fuctuates The time value of money is considered Relative sales proportions of multiple products are known and fluctuates tinn prevents changes to this answer. Song hanges to this answer. Question 3 Which of the following way of cost assignment used to assign accumulated cost with an indirect relationship to a cost object? O Cost allocation Cost tracing O Cost accumulation Cost assignment
Solution 1:
Under the contribution income statement, a company's contribution margin will be lower if: Fixed selling, general, and administrative expenses decrease.
This means that the fixed expenses associated with selling, general, and administrative functions decrease. As a result, a smaller portion of these fixed expenses is allocated to each unit of product, reducing the contribution margin.
Solution 2:
The correct statement about the foundational assumption used in OVP (Operating Value Proposition) analysis is: Behavior of revenue and costs can be graphed as a straight line.
This assumption suggests that the relationship between revenue and costs can be represented by a linear equation. It assumes that changes in revenue and costs can be accurately depicted using a straight-line graph, simplifying the analysis and forecasting process. It also implies a constant selling price, a constant variable cost per unit, and fixed costs that remain constant within the relevant range.
Solution 3:
The correct way of cost assignment used to assign accumulated costs with an indirect relationship to a cost object is cost allocation. Cost allocation involves assigning indirect costs to cost objects based on a reasonable and logical basis, considering the indirect relationship between the cost and the cost object.
Cost tracing, on the other hand, involves directly assigning costs to a specific cost object with a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Cost accumulation refers to the systematic collection and recording of costs for further analysis, while cost assignment encompasses both cost allocation and cost tracing. Therefore, the correct option is: Cost allocation.
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Answer the following two-part question regarding third parties in negotiation:
(a) What are the benefits of involving a third party to assist in resolving a negotiation?
(b) In contrast, what are the liabilities of involving a third party to assist in resolving a negotiation?
a. Benefits of involving a third party to assist in resolving a negotiation are: i. They can help to facilitate communication between parties. b. The liabilities of involving a third party to assist in resolving a negotiation are: i. Loss of control.
Third-party interventions involve the use of outsiders to assist with conflict resolution in negotiations. Such third parties may include mediators, arbitrators, and others who can act as facilitators and assist in communication between parties. a. Benefits of involving a third party to assist in resolving a negotiation are as follows:
i. They can help to facilitate communication between parties. Third parties may assist in identifying areas of agreement and disagreement between parties. This may help the parties to see the value of cooperating.
ii. A third party may offer new perspectives. Since third parties are not directly involved in the negotiation, they may bring new ideas and perspectives that the parties themselves may have missed.
iii. Third-party interventions may lead to improved relationships between parties. By involving a third party, parties may gain a better understanding of each other and work towards building a relationship.
iv. Time savings. Third-party interventions may help to resolve disputes more quickly, as opposed to time-consuming court processes.
b. The liabilities of involving a third party to assist in resolving a negotiation are as follows:
i. Loss of control. By involving a third party, the parties may lose control over the negotiation. The third party may have their own agenda, which may be different from the parties involved.
ii. Cost. Third-party interventions may be costly. Since the third party must be paid for their services, this may increase the cost of the negotiation process.
iii. Possibility of the third party being biased. Third-party interventions may lead to an imbalance of power between the parties. The third party may be biased towards one party, and this may lead to an unfair negotiation outcome.
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Ask Luker Corporation uses a process costing system. The company had $179,500 of beginning Finished Goods Inventory on October 1. It transferred in $856,000 of units completed during the period. The ending Finished Goods Inventory balance on October 31 was $177,200. The entry to account for the cost of goods manufactured during October is: Multiple Choice O Debit Cost of Goods Sold $856,000; credit Finished Goods Inventory $856,000. Debit Cost of Goods Sold $858,300; credit Work in Process Inventory $858,300. Debit Finished Goods Inventory $856,000; credit Work in Process Inventory $856,000. Debit Finished Goods Inventory $177,200; credit Cost of Goods Sold $177,200. Debit Cost of Goods Sold $858,300; credit Finished Goods Inventory $858,300.
The Luker Corporation, which uses the process costing system, had a beginning Finished Goods Inventory of $179,500 on October 1. During the period, $856,000 of units were completed. On October 31, the finished goods inventory balance was $177,200.
The entry to account for the cost of goods manufactured in October is debiting Cost of Goods Sold $858,300 and crediting Finished Goods Inventory $858,300.
The reason why debiting Cost of Goods Sold and crediting Finished Goods Inventory is the entry to account for the cost of goods manufactured in October can be explained as.
The cost of goods manufactured is calculated as follows:Beginning Finished Goods Inventory + Cost of Goods Manufactured
= Cost of Goods Available for SaleCost of Goods Available for Sale - Ending Finished Goods Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold Therefore, the cost of goods manufactured in October is: $179,500 + Cost of Goods Manufactured
= $179,500 + $856,000 - $177,200Cost of Goods Manufactured
= $858,300Therefore, the entry to account for the cost of goods manufactured in October is debiting Cost of Goods Sold $858,300 and crediting Finished Goods Inventory $858,300.
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