Answer:
A base substitution occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide. This can cause a change in the encoded amino acid, leading to an alteration in the protein's structure and function. An insertion or deletion of a base can disrupt the reading frame of the gene, resulting in a shift in the codons and a change in the encoded amino acid sequence in the protein. This can lead to a change in the protein's structure and function, and in some cases, the protein can become non-functional.
what dominates the northern third of the continent of africa? responses rain forest rain forest grasslands grasslands savanna savanna
The African desert recognized as the enormous Sahara desert, which is a scorching desert that covers 9,200,000 km2, dominates the majority of northern Africa.
Developed behind the subtropical ridge. The Kalahari Desert is a huge valley plain on Southern Africa's altiplano.
This encompasses practically the entirety of Botswana, the eastern quarter of Namibia, and the northern region of South Africa's Northern Cape province.
Savannas, which are located north and south of tropical forest biomes, have lower annual rainfall and prolonged dry seasons. A mixture of grasslands and tiny trees dominates these biomes.
Savannas encompass 60% of Africa and serve as a transition region between tropical rainforests and deserts.
The concept of biomes organises large-scale ecological variety. Terrestrial biomes are defined primarily by their major vegetation, which is influenced mostly by temperature and rainfall.
Grassland biomes are found largely in continents' cores and are distinguished by huge seasonal temperature changes, with scorching summers and frigid winters.
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A man and a woman have 24 children. Of the children, 17 have freckles and 7 don’t have freckles. What are the genotypes of the parents? Why?
The genotype in this case should be likely to heterozygous for the freckles gene which is denoted as by F1.
This is because 17 of the 24 children have dots, which suggests that the parents are both carriers of the allele for dots. This means that at least one of the parents must have the Ff genotype, which allows them to pass the allele for dots on to their children. still, since 7 of the children don't have dots, this suggests that the other parent has at least one sheepish allele, denoted as ff.
This means that the other parent must have the Ff or ff genotype. The Ff and ff genotypes are the most likely for the parents in this script because it would explain the 17 children with dots and the 7 children without them. This is because the F1 genotype would produce children with a 50 chance of getting the allele for dots, and the ff genotype would guarantee that none of the children will have dots.
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) the main function of the respiratory system is to . a) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues b) produce sperm and eggs c) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide d) control body activities through hormones released into the blood e) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal
Answer: C. Supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
In a paragraph explain incomplete dominance, codominance and polygenic traits. Be sure to give examples of each.
Answer:
Please read below:
Explanation:
Incomplete dominance is a type of inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring is a blend of the phenotypes of the homozygous parents. For example, in a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant, the offspring will have pink flowers, which is a blend of the red and white flowers of the parents.
Codominance is a type of inheritance pattern in which the phenotype of the heterozygous offspring expresses both alleles of the gene. For example, in a cross between a red-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken, the offspring will have both red and white feathers, rather than a blend of the two.
Polygenic traits are traits that are controlled by more than one gene. These traits usually show a continuous variation and are influenced by the environment. For example, height, skin color, and hair color are all polygenic traits.
in most cases, human eye color is inherited as if brown eyes were a dominant trait and blue eyes were the corresponding recessive trait. assume that this is the case in the following problem. a brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman and they have two boys. one boy has brown eyes and the other boy has blue eyes. is the man homozygous or heterozygous for this trait? how do you know?
The allele for earthy-colored eyes is the most chief allele and is always prevailing over the other two alleles and the allele for green eyes is dependably chief over the allele for blue eyes, which is normally passive
For two guardians with earthy-colored eyes to have a blue-looked at the youngster, the two guardians should hereditarily be Bb. At the point when this occurs, there is 1 of every 4 opportunities that these guardians will have a bb youngster with blue eyes.
Earthy-colored eyes, for example, are predominant over blue eyes. This is on the grounds that a shade called melanin delivers the earthy-colored tone while having no shade prompts blue eyes. Having only one allele for the dull shade is sufficient to make your eyes brown.
The earthy-colored eye type of the eye variety quality (or allele) is predominant, though the blue eye allele is passive. In the event that the two guardians have earthy-colored eyes yet convey the allele for blue eyes, a fourth of the youngsters will have blue eyes, and 3/4 will have earthy-colored eyes.
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what sorts of sequencs in single stranded dna might be able to form a hairpin sequence? write out an example of a sequence that could form a 5-nucleotide hairpin helix.
In single-stranded DNA, hairpin sequences are formed when a portion of the strand folds back upon itself, creating a loop structure.
The formation of hairpins is facilitated by complementary base pairing, with the two ends of the hairpin loop being held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
The sequences that are most likely to form hairpins are those with short stretches of complementary base pairs.
For example, a sequence of 5 nucleotides that could form a hairpin helix is:
5'-AGAGA-3'
In this sequence, the two middle bases (A and G) are complementary and will form hydrogen bonds, causing the strand to fold back upon itself and form a hairpin loop.
It is important to note that the stability of a hairpin loop is dependent on a number of factors, including the length of the complementary stretch, the base pairing pattern, and the surrounding environment.
However, this example illustrates the basic principle of hairpin formation in single-stranded DNA.
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Consider the shapes of the cells in the top half of the tissue shown in the picture.
Which geometric solid is the best model for a cell in the bottom two layers of cells?
Answer:
I need to see the picture to answer the question... Could you post a pic of it, please?
I need someone to explain and answer this question
Answer:
4. Sperm - Transport genetic Material
Explanation:
The uterus is to house and grow a fetus. The testis house the sperm and male hormones. The ovaries are where the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are made. Lastly the sperm is the only correct option. Sperm - Transport genetic Material
Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans and seriously depleted the population of organism there. The remaining population had to repopulate. This an example of _________? explain why
When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans and seriously depleted the population of organisms there, the remaining population had to repopulate and this is an example of secondary succession.
This is an example of secondary succession because the change that occurred happened to an already existing population of organisms.
What is secondary succession?When a place is disturbed but not severely enough to completely clear it of all vegetation and soil, secondary succession happens.
Secondary succession can be started by a variety of disturbances, including fire, flooding, windstorms, and human activity.
The hurricane Katrina effect on the population of organisms in New Orleans is an example of secondary succession.
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why does the lumen of a large vein have a larger diameter than the lumen of a large artery? A. They need to withstand higher pressure than arteries. B. Veins contain the majority of the blood volume. C. This allows blood to return to the heart rapidly. D. So that vasoconstriction can produce a greater change in diameter than for arteries.
Due to the fact that veins carry roughly 60% of the blood volume, their lumens are greater in diameter than the lumens of their corresponding major arteries. The correct answer is B.
An important part of providing blood and nutrients to organs is played by arteries. The pressure on arteries is constant. They have more elastin tissue and less smooth muscle to handle this load. The major blood arteries have the ability to expand in size and change in diameter due to the presence of elastin within them. Arterioles, which supply blood to the organs, are primarily made of smooth muscle. The diameter and shape of arterioles are influenced by the autonomic nervous system, which also reacts to the tissue's requirement for additional nutrients and oxygen. The walls of the veins are made up of three layers, yet there is little venous pressure. Because veins have thin walls and are less elastic, they can store a significant amount of the blood that is now in circulation.
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What type of reflex is the crossed extensor reflex?
A contralateral response called the crossed extensor reflex enables the body to make up for a stimulation on one side by making changes to the other.
What transpires in an extensor reflex crossed?A contralateral response called the crossover extensor reflex enables the body to make up for a stimulation on one side by making changes to the other. For instance, the lateral extensor reflex causes the body to transfer its weight to the other foot when one foot boots on a nail, protecting and withholding the foot from the nail.
This quizlet will explain crossed extensor reflexes.Extensor reflex crossed. contracts the extensor muscle on the side (contralateral side) that is opposite from the unpleasant stimulation. When one foot is removed off a ground, this forces the opposing leg to bend to support shifting weight.
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which of the following groups of species is a monophyletic group? group of answer choices brown bear, polar bear, ancestral species 4, ancestral species 7. american black bear, asian black bear, and brown bear. sun bear, sloth bear, spectacled bear. brown bear, polar bear, american black bear, asian black bear, sun bear, ancestral species 4, 5, 6, and 7.
Instances of monophyletic bunches include Warm-blooded creatures, birds, angiosperms, and bugs. Instances of paraphyletic gatherings might include fish, gymnosperms, protists, and spineless creatures.
Monophyletic taxon: A gathering made out of an assortment of organic entities, including the latest normal predecessor of that large number of organic entities and every one of the relatives of that latest normal progenitor. A monophyletic taxon is likewise called a clade. Models: Mammalia, Aves (birds), angiosperms, bugs, and so forth.
A monophyletic gathering of animal categories shares a solitary normal predecessor and furthermore incorporates every one of the relatives of that normal progenitor. On a phylogenetic tree, a monophyletic bunch incorporates a hub and every one of the relatives of that hub, addressed by the two hubs and terminal taxa.
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What problem did the distilled water in the patient's bloodstream create?
The patients blood was hypertonic
The patients blood was hypotonic
The patients blood was isotonic
Which one is correct^ please help!!
Answer:
The patients blood was hypotonic
Explanation:
Hypertonic means that there is water coming into the blood cells.
Hypotonic refers to water leaving the blood cell.
Isotonic is that balance, there is water coming in and out .
Since there is distilled water in the patient's bloodstream, the water is coming into the cell and swelling/bursting the cell, which is called a hypertonic solution of a red blood cell.
Edit: It can't be Isotonic because Isotonic solution is considered normal and would not cause any problems.
true or false? natural selection is defined as the differential survival and reproduction of a population’s individuals that are genetically identical.
False. Natural selection is not defined as the differential survival and reproduction of a population’s individuals that are genetically identical.
Natural selection is the process by which populations of organisms evolve over time due to differential survival and reproduction of individuals with certain traits. These traits are often determined by the organism's genes, and individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less advantageous traits.
However, natural selection does not require that individuals within a population are genetically identical. In fact, genetic variation is a key component of natural selection, as it provides the raw material for evolution to occur. Different individuals within a population may have slightly different genetic variations, and the traits associated with these variations can lead to differences in survival and reproductive success.
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Funicular myelosis and hyperchromic anemia developed in a man 7 years later after the stomach resection due to ulcer. What pathogenic mechanism of changes in spinal cord is the most possible one?
A. Hypoxia impairment in anemia
B. Accumulation of methylmalonic acid in cyanocobalamin deficiency
C. Impairment of DNA in cyanocobalamin deficiency
D. Deficiency of folic acid
E. Deficiency of iron containing enzyme
The most likely pathogenic mechanism of changes in the spinal cord is B, accumulation of methylmalonic acid in cyanocobalamin deficiency.
Vitamin B12, also known as cyanocobalamin, is essential for proper function of the nervous system and for the production of red blood cells. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to a buildup of methylmalonic acid, which can cause damage to the nervous system and lead to conditions such as hyperchromic anemia and spinal cord disease, including subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. The patient's history of a stomach resection and development of symptoms 7 years later suggests that the patient may have developed a B12 deficiency due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the proper absorption of B12 from the diet. The presence of both hyperchromic anemia and spinal cord disease further supports a diagnosis of B12 deficiency.
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Can stem cell-based theory used for the brain and spine?
Answer:Yes, stem cell-based therapies can be used for the brain and spine.
Explanation:
Yes, stem cell-based therapies can be used for the brain and spine.
what does the left y-axis of the graph represent? what does the left y-axis of the graph represent? stage of ecological succession ecological age number of bird species number of breeding pairs per 100 acres
In the given graph the left y-axis represents the number of breeders per 100 acres. The coordinate plane has two important lines: the x-axis and the y-axis.
All of the trees, plants, birds, deer, squirrels, foxes, fungi, insects, fish in forest rivers, and other local or seasonal species make up a forest community. A coral reef community, on the other hand, is home to a wide variety of fish, coral, and algae species. A number line runs horizontally along the x-axis and vertically along the y-axis. The coordinate plane is created by the perpendicular intersection of these two axes. The abscissa is another name for the x-axis, and the ordinate is the name of the y-axis.
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(Complete question)
what does the left y-axis of the graph represent? stage of ecological succession ecological age number of bird species number of breeding pairs per 100 acres
The data show that both paper grocery bags and plastic grocery bags cause
harm to the environment. As a result, the scientists who study this issue are
most likely to:
Most of the time, the researchers in this field carry their groceries on their heads.
What transpired when you used a plastic bag ?The majority of plastic bags are disposed of in landfills, where they take 300 years to photodegrade and are difficult and expensive to recycle. They decompose into minute poisonous particles that contaminate the soil and streams and make their way into the food chain when animals eat them by accident.
Plastic bags' protracted decomposition time has a significant negative influence on the environment. Additionally, burning plastic bags releases a poisonous chemical into the air, which contributes to ambient air pollution, and as plastic bags decompose in the sun, toxic substances are released into the soil.
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what is newons law and where did it come from
Answer: There are three Newton's law of motions
Explanation: First Law of Motion states that in order for the motion of an object to change, a force must act upon it. This is a concept generally called inertia. Newton's Second Law of Motion defines the relationship between acceleration, force, and mass. Newton's Third Law of Motion states that any time a force acts
1.An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
2.The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
3.Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite on the first.
The fundamental laws that explain the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it are known as Newton's laws of motion.
1. According to Newton's first law, unless acted upon by an external force, an object remains at rest and an object in motion maintains its current velocity.
2. Newton's second law states that the mass of an object and its rate of acceleration directly affect the force exerted on it. F = ma, where m is the mass, a is the acceleration, and F is the force.
3. Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. When one object pulls another object, the other object pulls in the opposite direction and with the same amount of force.
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if a needle punctures the serous membranes around the lungs, the first layer that the needle will go through is the .
If a needle punctures the serous membranes around the lungs, the first layer that the needle will go through is the Parietal Pleura.
The superior surface of the diaphragm and the thoracic wall are lined with parietal pleura. The mediastinum's lateral walls are formed as it travels around the heart. As the visceral pleura, the pleura covers the outside of the lungs. The fluid in the pleural cavity's surface tension holds the pleura together. A pleura is a serous membrane with two layers of membranous tissue that folds back on itself to produce a pleural sac.
The parietal pleura, which connects to the chest wall, is the name of the outer layer. The lungs, blood arteries, nerves, and bronchi are all covered by the inner layer, which is known as the visceral pleura.
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given that the starting population N(0) is 5 and has a growth rate of m of 2 individuals per unit of time what will the population be at 20 units of time
The growth of population at 20 units of time is 45 individuals. N(20) = 5 + 20*2 = 45
How many people will there be in 20 units of time?According to the exponential growth hypothesis, which was utilized to answer this query, a population's growth rate is proportional to its size. This implies that the population's growth rate will rise as the population does.
In this instance, the initial population of 5 people is increasing by 2 people every unit of time.
As a result, there will be 45 people living there after 20 units of time.
Reasons are provided below
1. Name the five people who make up the stated population.
2. Determine the growth rate, which is two people per period of time.
3. Multiply the growth rate by the number of units of time (20) and add it to the beginning population to determine the population at 20 units of time (5).
4. There are 45 people in the population at 20 units of time.
Given the equation is -
N(t) = mt + N(0),
N(20) = 2 × (20) + 5
= 40 + 5
= 45
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Complete question -
The linear growth equation is N(t) = mt + N(0),
given that the starting population N(0) is 5 and has a growth rate of m of 2 individuals per unit of time what will the population be at 20 units of time
Which of these actions is necessary for blood vessels to dilate?
a.) Inhibition of antibody production
b.) Inhibition of the complement system
c.) Secretion of histamines
d.) Concentration of macrophages
The action necessary for dilation of blood vessels is: (c) Secretion of histamines.
Blood vessels are the hollow tube-like structures present all over the body for the transportations of blood and various substances throughout the body. There are three categories of blood vessels in the body: arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the main blood vessels that supply blood to the whole body.
Histamine is a chemical substances released in the body when the immune system is triggered due to an allergic reaction. Histamine triggers the local immune responses. It also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain for the transmission of signals.
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which exogenous conditions are responsible for increased cortisol secretion? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct. asthma
The exogenous conditions that are responsible for increased cortisol secretion are asthma, cancer chemotherapy, and organ transplantation.
Cortisol is a hormone that has many important roles in body function. It controls blood pressure, reduces inflammation, and increases the body's glucose metabolism. This hormone is also needed for the 'fight or flight' response that occurs when a perceived threat comes to you. It is produced by the adrenal glands.
The secretion of cortisol is naturally increased when you are feeling stressed. However, its secretion may also be increased when you're suffering from asthma, are undergoing chemotherapy, or just got an organ transplantation.
Your question seems incomplete. The completed version is most probably as follows:
Which exogenous conditions are responsible for increased cortisol secretion?
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which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues? functional regions of an epithelial cell which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues? functional regions of an epithelial cell lateral apical glandular basal
Basal surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues.
The lamina propria, a layer of connective tissue, is attached to the basal surface of the foundation membrane. The blood arteries that supply the epithelium tissue are located in the lamina propria, which also retains the epithelial tissue firmly attached to the deep tissues.
The apical surface of an epithelium is free and open to the environment, whereas the basal surface is attached and rests on the underlying connective tissue.
All epithelia are supported by the basement membrane, a type of extracellular matrix. In addition to giving epithelia structural support, it creates a mechanical link between the epithelia and the underlying connective tissue.
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suppose you are an exterminator of organisms that undergo chemosynthesis. which technique will prove most effective to eliminate the greatest number of organisms
Removing methane and hydrogen sulphide will be the most effective method for eliminating the maximum number of organisms.
Chemosynthesis is the biological processing of one or even more carbon-containing substances and resources into plant substances through the oxidation of inorganic chemicals or ferrous ions rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis.
Chemosynthesis is the use of energy supplied by inorganic biochemical processes to make food in bacteria and other living organisms.
To create sugar, all chemosynthetic organisms employ the energy released by chemical reactions, although various species use different methods.
Vent bacteria, for example, oxidise hydride sulphide, add oxygen and carbon dioxide and generate sugar, sulphur, and liquid: CO2 + 4H2S + O2 -> CH20 + 4S + 3H2O.
Organic matter is produced by other bacteria by reducing sulphide or oxidising methane.
Chemosynthetic bacterial colonies have been discovered in hot springs both on land and at sea, near hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, whale corpses, and even sunken pirates.
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Write It!
Plant cells have organelles that animal cells do not or that are used differently. Specifically a cell wall, vacuoles,
and chloroplasts. Explain the function of these organelles and why animals cells do not have these organelles.
Your answer
T
I
Answer:
Because animals get sugar from the food they eat, they do not need chloroplasts: just mitochondria. Both plant and animal cells have vacuoles. A plant cell contains a large, singular vacuole that is used for storage and maintaining the shape of the cell. In contrast, animal cells have many, smaller vacuoles.CELL WALL :-- The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress. It also allows cells to develop turgor pressure, which is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall.
CHLOROPLAST :-- Chloroplasts produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield. As such, chloroplasts are responsible for the biosynthesis of active compounds such as amino acids, phytohormones, nucleotides, vitamins, lipids, and secondary metabolites .
Explanation:
hope it helps<3
3) Match the blood component to its function.
+
the defense of our bodies against disease
the cell fragments that help your blood to clot
transport oxygen throughout the body and carbon dioxide that is
to be exhaled
Answer:
Defense of bodies against disease = leukocytes (/white blood cells)
Cell fragments helping blood to clot = thrombocytes (/platelets)
Transport O2 and CO2 = erythrocytes (/red blood cells)
in the allopatric speciation of ensatina salamanders the geographic barrier separating the diverging populations was the .
The central valley of California is the geographic barrier that separates the diverging population of ensatina salamanders.
The Central Valley can be roughly divided into two parts that are the northern third is known as the Sacramento Valley and the southern two-thirds is the San Joaquin Valley. The San Joaquin Valley can be further divided into the San Joaquin Basin and the Tureale Basin. Major cities in this part of the state include Fresno, Modesto, Stockton, and the state capital, Sacramento. The Central Valley of California's fertile soils and long growing season make it one of the most important agricultural regions in the United States. The Central Valley is a region known for its agricultural productivity.
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a microbiologist is reading stool culture plates. she is looking for enteric pathogens on the mac plate. what do they look like? a. small, orange colonies b. clear, colorless colonies c. large, bright pink colonies d. small, mucoid, green colonies
A microbiologist is reading stool culture plates. she is looking for enteric pathogens on the mac plate they look Clear, colorless colonies.
Immunosuppression brought on by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) makes individuals more susceptible to infections. Enteric bacterial pathogens with the potential to cause serious illness in HIV-infected patients include Salmonella species, Campylobacter species, Shigella species, Clostridium difficile, and several strains of Escherichia coli. Many variables, including immune status (determined by CD4+ T cell count), the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and prevention, might affect the signs, duration, and potential for severe symptoms of enteric bacterial infections. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with lower CD4+ T cell counts are more susceptible to developing bacterial diarrhea. Lower CD4+ T cell counts were also associated with an increased risk of bacteremia caused by Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella.
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A scientist breeds a family of white mice The Father mouse was white, the mother mouse was white, and all of the baby mice were white. Both parents had parents who were white Label the family below8. Phenotype 9 Genotype 10 Phenotype 11 Genotype 12 Phenotype 13. GenotypeLook Figure
One family of white mice is bred by a scientist. White mice made up the mother mouse, the father mouse, and all of the young mice. It was a white Label family that both parents came from. They have the genotype bb.
Phenotype
Their genotype is bb, and both the father's and mother's mice have the white phenotypic.
When both parents are crossed at once, we obtain bb x bb F1 bb.
Since their genotype is bb, all of their offspring are white.
A true-breeding family, they all exhibit the parental trait and no additional traits arise in subsequent generations.
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