Argument For: "When introducing a new product to the market, an organization should set a low price."
Market Penetration: Setting a low price for a new product can facilitate market penetration. By offering an attractive price point, the organization can attract a larger customer base and encourage them to try the product. This strategy is particularly effective when entering a competitive market or when aiming to gain a significant market share quickly. It allows the organization to generate initial sales volume, build brand awareness, and establish a foothold in the market.
Stimulating Demand: A low introductory price can stimulate demand and create buzz around the new product. Customers are more likely to take a chance on a product they perceive as offering high value at a low cost. This can lead to increased word-of-mouth marketing, positive reviews, and organic growth in the customer base. The initial surge in demand can also help the organization gather valuable feedback, refine the product, and identify areas for improvement before gradually increasing the price.
Competitive Advantage: Setting a low price can give the organization a competitive advantage over established competitors. It creates a barrier for new entrants as they would find it challenging to match the price while maintaining profitability. Moreover, price-sensitive customers may switch from competitors to the new product due to the attractive pricing. By positioning itself as a cost-effective option, the organization can differentiate itself and gain a foothold in the market.
Argument Against: "When introducing a new product to the market, an organization should not necessarily set a low price."
Perceived Value: Setting a low price may inadvertently convey a sense of lower quality or value associated with the product. Customers often equate higher prices with higher quality, and an excessively low price point may raise doubts about the product's performance, durability, or features. This can undermine the organization's efforts to position the product as a premium or innovative offering, especially if it requires a higher price to reflect its true value.
Profitability and Sustainability: Setting a low price can impact the organization's profitability and long-term sustainability. While attracting customers with a low price might lead to an initial surge in sales, it may not generate sufficient revenue to cover production costs and ongoing expenses. If the organization continually operates at a loss or with slim profit margins, it may struggle to invest in research and development, marketing, or customer support, hindering its ability to improve the product and sustain its presence in the market.
Price Perception: Once a product is introduced at a low price, customers may become accustomed to that price point and resist price increases in the future. If the organization plans to raise the price later, it could face resistance from customers who have come to expect a low-cost option. Additionally, competitors may respond by lowering their prices further, leading to a price war that can erode profitability for all parties involved.
Value Proposition: Instead of focusing solely on a low price, the organization should consider its unique value proposition and differentiation. Emphasizing the product's unique features, superior quality, or innovative capabilities can justify a higher price point. By effectively communicating the value and benefits of the product, the organization can target customers who prioritize quality, performance, or specific needs over price, allowing for a more sustainable pricing strategy.
In conclusion, while setting a low price for a new product can facilitate market penetration, stimulate demand, and offer a competitive advantage, organizations should carefully consider factors such as perceived value, profitability, long-term sustainability, price perception, and the product's unique value proposition. It's essential to strike a balance between attracting customers with an attractive price and maintaining a pricing strategy that reflects the product's value and supports the organization's growth and profitability.
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suppose the Chester company expands to other markets with good designs, high awareness and easy accessibility, what strategy would they be implementing?
Broad differentiation
Braod cost ledership
Niche differenciation
Nich cost leadership
The strategy that the Chester company would be implementing by expanding to other markets with good designs, high awareness, and easy accessibility is "Broad differentiation."
A broad differentiation strategy involves identifying industry-wide competitive advantages that set an offering apart from competitors. For this type of strategy to succeed, the customer market must be vast, unsaturated, and have numerous unresolved pain points.
Broad differentiation strategy focuses on offering unique and superior products or services that are perceived as valuable by customers across a wide range of markets. By emphasizing good designs, high awareness, and easy accessibility, Chester aims to differentiate its offerings from competitors and create a competitive advantage based on product or service uniqueness. This strategy aims to attract a broader customer base and command a premium price for the differentiated features or benefits provided.
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Which of the following contributes to the ability of the federal government to borrow vast sums?
Like personal borrowing, age limits the federal government's ability to borrow.
Higher interest rates make it easier to repay debt and this encourages more borrowing.
Buyers of government debt typically cash-in their bonds when Treasury securities mature.
Government debt is not backed by assets.
One of the reasons why the federal government has the ability to borrow vast sums is that government debt is not backed by assets.
Government debt is referred to as the sum of all outstanding bonds and other securities that the United States Treasury has issued in order to borrow money from the public. The government can use these funds to finance its operations, which can range from basic tasks like funding road maintenance and law enforcement to more complex initiatives such as scientific research or military development. The fact that government debt is not backed by assets is a critical factor in its appeal to investors, as it allows the government to borrow more without incurring the risks associated with personal borrowing. If an individual were to borrow money without assets to back up the loan, they would be considered a high-risk borrower, and this would lead to higher interest rates and limited loan amounts. However, since the federal government has a good credit rating and has a lot of clout in the financial markets, investors are willing to lend the government money without any asset backing. In general, the more investors are willing to lend the government money, the lower the interest rates, and the easier it is for the government to repay the debt. This encourages more borrowing, which enables the government to keep up with the nation's growing needs and expenditures. Thus, this contributes to the ability of the federal government to borrow vast sums.
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Using urgent or priority as the subject line for an email message ensures that the receiver will open the message immediately.
TRUE
FALSE
Using urgent or priority as the subject line for an email message ensures that the receiver will open the message immediately is TRUE.
When it comes to Email messaging, you will find that most people have their inboxes flooded with emails from various sources. That being said, email marketers who want to catch the attention of their recipients should use the words ‘Urgent’ or ‘Priority’ to draw the attention of the recipient.In 200 words or less, the term "priority" when used in an email message subject line should indicate that there is an action required. It could also indicate that the email message is an important communication that should be read and acknowledged immediately.
Prioritizing the subject line as 'Priority' or 'Urgent' in an email message is an effective way of making sure that the recipient pays attention and opens the email message immediately. Additionally, such emails are more likely to be answered as well. This is particularly important if the message is related to a time-sensitive issue, where a delay in communication could lead to significant consequences.
The concept of using priority email messaging is not new. It's been utilized for years by marketers to make sure that their emails get noticed and responded to in a timely manner. As a result, more people have learned to respond to emails that are urgent or marked as high priority. However, it's important to use this type of messaging sparingly so that people don't get desensitized to it over time.
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A company with a high earnings per share but a low dividend yield likely indicates a company that
a. distributes most earnings as dividends.
b. has no preferred stock.
c. is high in debt.
d. is focused on maintaining earnings for growth.
A company with high earnings per share but a low dividend yield likely indicates a company that is focused on maintaining earnings for growth. Option d is correct.
A high earnings per share but a low dividend yield likely indicates a company that is focused on maintaining earnings for growth. Instead of distributing most earnings as dividends, the company is retaining its earnings to reinvest in the business in order to generate future growth and increase shareholder value. A high dividend yield, on the other hand, would indicate that the company is distributing a larger portion of its earnings as dividends to shareholders.
This may be an indication that the company is more mature and doesn't have as many growth opportunities, so it is returning profits to shareholders instead. A company with no preferred stock is not related to its earnings per share or dividend yield. Similarly, a company being high in debt may affect its financial health, but it doesn't necessarily relate to its earnings per share or dividend yield.
Option d is correct.
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the interest rate that the federal reserve bank (the fed) charges member banks for loans is known
The interest rate that the Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) charges member banks for loans is known as the discount rate. This rate is one of the primary tools that the Fed uses to implement monetary policy. When the Fed wants to encourage banks to lend more money, it will lower the discount rate, making it cheaper for banks to borrow money.
On the other hand, when the Fed wants to slow down lending and control inflation, it will raise the discount rate, making it more expensive for banks to borrow money. The discount rate is an important tool for the Fed to influence the economy, as it affects the amount of money available for borrowing and spending. Overall, the discount rate plays a critical role in the Fed's efforts to stabilize the economy and keep inflation under control.
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2a. Poverty and exclusion are evidence of a society that wastes human resources, opportunities and life-chances, both now and for the future. What policies can be taken to help achieve lasting reductions in poverty and exclusion? (15 marks)
A combination of policies, both short- and long-term, can be implemented to achieve lasting reductions in poverty and exclusion, improving the lives of people today and ensuring a more prosperous and equitable future for all.
Poverty and exclusion are a clear indication of a society that squanders human resources, possibilities, and opportunities, not just in the present, but also in the future. With this in mind, certain policies can be taken to promote lasting reductions in poverty and exclusion. Some of these policies include implementing programs that aid in the redistribution of wealth and resources, increasing access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities, and establishing social safety nets that protect vulnerable populations.
A focus on human rights, the rule of law, and strengthening democratic institutions can also help to address the root causes of poverty and exclusion, which are often exacerbated by corruption and a lack of accountability. Overall, a combination of policies, both short- and long-term, can be implemented to achieve lasting reductions in poverty and exclusion, improving the lives of people today and ensuring a more prosperous and equitable future for all.
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suppose that the price level in country a increases relative to the price level in other countries. in which of the following ways are country a's imports and exports most likely to change?
country a's imports - increase
country a's exports - no change
country a's imports - decrease
country a's exports - increase
country a's imports - no change
country a's exports - decrease
country a's imports - increase
country a's exports - decrease
The correct answer would be:
Country A's imports: decrease
Country A's exports: increase
If the price level in country A increases relative to the price level in other countries, it is likely that country A's imports will decrease and its exports will increase. This is because when the price level in country A is higher than in other countries, its goods and services become relatively more expensive compared to those of other nations. As a result, country A's consumers are likely to reduce their demand for imported goods, leading to a decrease in imports. Conversely, other countries' consumers may find country A's goods and services relatively cheaper, leading to an increase in exports from country A.
Therefore, the correct answer would be:
Country A's imports: decrease
Country A's exports: increase
Price impact refers to the effect or influence that a transaction has on the price of a particular asset or security. When a large order is executed in a financial market, it can cause the price of the asset to move in response to the increased demand or supply.
Price impact is particularly relevant in situations where the market for a particular asset is not highly liquid or when a large transaction represents a significant portion of the overall trading volume. In such cases, the execution of a sizable buy order may lead to a price increase, while a large sell order may result in a price decrease.
The magnitude of the price impact depends on various factors, including the size of the order, the liquidity of the market, and the trading activity surrounding the asset. Generally, the larger the order relative to the market volume, the greater the price impact.
Investors and traders consider price impact when determining their trading strategies and execution tactics. They may choose to split large orders into smaller transactions or employ algorithmic trading techniques to minimize the impact on prices. By understanding and managing price impact, market participants aim to achieve the best possible trade execution while minimizing their impact on market prices.
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You have the opportunity to purchase a 16-year, $1,000 par value bond that has an annual coupon rate of 9%. If you require a YTM of 7.1%, how much is the bond worth to you? The price of the bond is $. (Round to the nearest cent.)
The content loaded has been mentioned in your question. Here's the solution to your query: According to the solving The price of the bond is $1,310.08 (rounded to the nearest cent).
To find out the price of the bond, we have to use the formula for bond pricing.
The bond pricing formula is:
P[tex]= C * (1 - (1 + r)^{-n} / r + FV * (1 + r)^{-n}[/tex]
Where,
P = price of bond
C = coupon payment
r = required rate of return
n = number of periods
FV = face value of the bond
From the question,
Given,
C = $90 (Since, the annual coupon payment is $1,000 x 9% = $90)
FV = $1,000
n = 16 years
r = 7.1%
Using the above formula:
P = $90 * (1 - (1 + 0.071)⁻¹⁶) / 0.071 + $1,000 * (1 + 0.071)⁻¹⁶
= $1,310.08
The price of the bond is $1,310.08 (rounded to the nearest cent). Therefore, this is the required solution.
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Consumer behaviour studies all the activities that influence people to behave in particular ways when obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services. Understanding the way people think, what motivates them, their decision-making processes, and post-purchase behaviour are key factors in ensuring successful marketing.
With regards to the above information identify and discuss in detail each of the factors that influence consumer behaviour.
Consumer behavior is influenced by psychological factors (perception, motivation, learning), social factors (culture, family), personal factors (age, lifestyle, personality), and situational factors (time, location, mood).
Consumer behavior is a complex process influenced by multiple factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for marketers to effectively target and influence consumers. The first set of factors are psychological factors, which include perception, motivation, and learning. Perception refers to how individuals interpret and make sense of stimuli, such as product features or advertising messages.
Motivation is the internal drive that pushes individuals towards certain behaviors or goals, and it can be influenced by needs, desires, and emotions. Learning, through experiences and interactions, shapes consumer behavior by establishing associations between stimuli and responses.
Social factors play a significant role in consumer behavior. Culture, including values, beliefs, and customs, shapes individuals' preferences and consumption patterns. Family dynamics, such as family structure, roles, and decision-making processes, influence consumer choices. Reference groups, comprising individuals or organizations that consumers compare themselves to or seek approval from, can impact purchase decisions and brand preferences.
Personal factors also influence consumer behavior. These factors include demographic characteristics (such as age, gender, income, and education), lifestyle choices, personality traits, and self-concept. Individuals' age, for example, may influence their product preferences and adoption of new technologies, while lifestyle choices reflect their interests, activities, and opinions.
Situational factors refer to the immediate circumstances surrounding a consumer's decision-making process. Time constraints, location, mood, and physical surroundings can all impact consumer behavior. For instance, a consumer may make impulsive purchases due to time pressure or be influenced by the store's atmosphere.
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Question 12 of 19 Using Supply and Demand to Analyze Markets -- End of Chapter Problem Black markets are exchanges that occur in violation of the law and government regulations. For the following scenarios, select the answer that best describes how a black market could potenially improve society's well-being a. The government imposes a binding S1 per loaf price ceiling on bread. Producers and consumers would not have to pay taxes on bread bought and sold in the black market since it cannot be traced. In a black market, people willing to pay more than I would still be able to acquire bread, resulting in allocating bread to customers who value it the most In a black market, people may pay more than $1 a loaf, resulting in a loss to consumers since they are paying more than the price ceiling dictates. 1). The government establishes a binding $20 per bushel price floor in the market for com.
Black markets can potentially improve society's well-being in certain scenarios. In the case of a binding price ceiling on bread, a black market could allocate bread to consumers who value it the most and bypass taxes. However, in the case of a binding price floor on corn, a black market would result in a loss to consumers who would end up paying more than the price floor dictates.
In the scenario of a binding price ceiling on bread, a black market can potentially improve society's well-being. Since the black market operates outside the legal framework, producers and consumers would not have to pay taxes on bread bought and sold in this market.
Additionally, the black market allows people who are willing to pay more than the price ceiling to acquire bread. This ensures that bread is allocated to customers who value it the most, which can enhance overall satisfaction and utility.
However, it is important to note that this may lead to income disparities and unequal access to bread, as those who can afford to pay more would have an advantage in acquiring the product.
On the other hand, in the case of a binding price floor on corn, a black market would result in a loss to consumers. A price floor sets a minimum price that producers must receive, which can lead to a surplus of the product if the equilibrium price is lower. In a black market, consumers may be forced to pay more than the price floor dictates in order to acquire corn.
This would result in higher costs for consumers, leading to decreased well-being as they are paying more than they would in a competitive market. Furthermore, a black market in this situation would undermine the purpose of the price floor, which is to support producers' incomes.
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A code of conduct is critical for organizational success and sustainability. A properly functioning code of conduct is essential for the development and maintenance of an ethical corporate culture.
Required:
a. Briefly explain two (2) ways to monitor compliance with the code of conduct in a corporation. (2 marks)
b. Outline any three (3) benefits a company can gain from ethical CSR initiatives. (3 marks)
c. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure enhance decision-making process of shareholders. Explain the importance of being transparent in disclosing CSR report. (3 marks)
Monitoring compliance with a code of conduct in a corporation is essential for maintaining an ethical corporate culture. Two ways to monitor compliance include conducting regular internal audits and establishing reporting mechanisms for employees to report violations. Ethical CSR initiatives offer several benefits to companies, including enhanced reputation, increased customer loyalty, and improved employee engagement. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure enhances shareholder decision-making by providing them with transparent information about a company's social and environmental performance, allowing them to make informed investment decisions and hold companies accountable for their actions.
a. Two ways to monitor compliance with the code of conduct in a corporation are:
Internal Audits: Regular internal audits can be conducted to assess compliance with the code of conduct. These audits can identify any gaps or areas of non-compliance, allowing the organization to take corrective actions and ensure adherence to ethical standards. Internal auditors can review processes, procedures, and employee behavior to ensure they align with the code of conduct.
Reporting Mechanisms: Establishing reporting mechanisms such as anonymous hotlines or whistleblower policies encourages employees to report any violations of the code of conduct. This provides a platform for employees to raise concerns without fear of retaliation. By encouraging reporting and promptly addressing complaints, companies can identify potential compliance issues and take appropriate action to rectify them.
b. Three benefits that a company can gain from ethical Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are:
Enhanced Reputation: Engaging in ethical CSR initiatives helps build a positive reputation for the company, showing stakeholders that the organization is committed to social and environmental responsibility. This can attract customers, investors, and employees who value ethical practices, leading to increased trust and loyalty.
Increased Customer Loyalty: Ethical CSR initiatives, such as sustainable sourcing or philanthropic activities, resonate with socially conscious consumers. When customers see that a company is committed to making a positive impact, they are more likely to choose and remain loyal to that brand.
Improved Employee Engagement: Ethical CSR initiatives contribute to a sense of purpose and engagement among employees. When employees see that their company is actively working towards social and environmental goals, they feel proud to be part of the organization and are more motivated to contribute to its success.
c. The transparency in disclosing CSR reports is important as it enhances the decision-making process of shareholders. When companies provide transparent CSR reports, shareholders gain insight into the company's social and environmental practices, impacts, and risks.
This information allows shareholders to make informed investment decisions based on their own values and sustainability criteria. Transparent CSR disclosure enables shareholders to evaluate the company's long-term sustainability and ethical performance, contributing to more responsible investing.
Moreover, transparent CSR reporting fosters accountability and trust between the company and its shareholders. It demonstrates the company's commitment to transparency, integrity, and good governance. Shareholders can assess the company's alignment with their own values and assess potential risks or controversies related to social and environmental issues.
By being transparent in CSR disclosure, companies can build stronger relationships with shareholders, attract socially responsible investors, and mitigate reputational and financial risks associated with non-disclosure or unethical practices.
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Randall's Ales & Porters S.A., is considering expanding into Costa Rica. As an incentive, Costa Rica agrees not to charge the company any taxes. The project has the following estimated data:
price = $84 per unit
variable costs = $47.88 per unit
fixed costs = $6,000
required return = 16 percent
initial investment = $9,000
life = three years
depreciable life = three years, straight-line.
Required:
(a) What is the accounting break-even quantity? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.) (Click to select)
(b)What is the cash break-even quantity? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.) (Click to select)
(c) What is the financial break-even quantity? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.) (Click to select)
(d) What is the degree of operating leverage at the financial break-even level of output? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.) (Click to select)
To calculate the accounting break-even quantity, we need to find the quantity at which the total revenue equals the total cost, including both fixed and variable costs.
(a) Accounting Break-Even Quantity:
Accounting Break-Even Quantity = Fixed Costs / (Price per unit - Variable costs per unit)
Accounting Break-Even Quantity = $6,000 / ($84 - $47.88) = 200 units
To calculate the cash break-even quantity, we need to consider the cash flows, including the initial investment.
(b) Cash Break-Even Quantity:
Cash Break-Even Quantity = (Fixed Costs + Initial Investment) / (Price per unit - Variable costs per unit)
Cash Break-Even Quantity = ($6,000 + $9,000) / ($84 - $47.88) = 500 units
To calculate the financial break-even quantity, we need to consider the required return on investment.
(c) Financial Break-Even Quantity:
Financial Break-Even Quantity = (Fixed Costs + Initial Investment) / (Price per unit - Variable costs per unit - Required return on investment)
Financial Break-Even Quantity = ($6,000 + $9,000) / ($84 - $47.88 - 0.16*$84) = 526.32 units (rounded to the nearest whole number)
To calculate the degree of operating leverage at the financial break-even level of output, we need to divide the contribution margin by the operating income at the financial break-even point.
Contribution Margin = Price per unit - Variable costs per unit
Operating Income = Quantity at financial break-even * Contribution Margin - Fixed Costs
(d) Degree of Operating Leverage:
Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin / Operating Income
Degree of Operating Leverage = ($84 - $47.88) / (526.32 * ($84 - $47.88) - $6,000)
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Corporate Tax Return Problem 1
Required:
>Complete Alvin’s Music Inc.’s (AMI) 2020 Form 1120, Schedule D, and Schedule G (if applicable) using the information provided below.
>Neither Form 4562 for depreciation nor Form 4797 for the sale of the equipment is required. Include the amount of tax depreciation and the tax gain on the equipment sale given in the problem (or determined from information given in the problem) on the appropriate lines on the first page of Form 1120.
>Forms 1125-A and 1125-E are not required.
>If any information is missing, use reasonable assumptions to fill in the gaps.
> The forms, schedules, and instructions can be found at the IRS website (www.irs.gov). The instructions can be helpful in completing the forms.
Facts: Alvin’s Music Inc. (AMI) was formed in 2010 by Alvin Jones and Theona Smith. Alvin and Theona officially incorporated their store on June 12, 2011. AMI sells (retail) all kinds of music- related products including musical instruments, sheet music, CDs, and DVDs. Alvin owns 60 percent of the outstanding common stock of AMI and Theona owns the remaining 40 percent.
*AMI is located at 355 Music Way, East Palo Alto, California 94303.
*AMI’s Employer Identification Number is 29-5748859.
*AMI’s business activity is retail sales of music-related products. Its business activity code is 451140.
*Officers of the corporation are as follows: o Alvin is the chief executive officer and president (Social Security number 123-45- 6789). o Theona is the executive vice president (Social Security number 978-65-4321). o Gwen Givens is the vice president over operations (Social Security number 789- 12-3456). o Carlson Bannister is the secretary (Social Security number 321-54-6789).
*All officers devote 100 percent of their time to the business and all officers are U.S. citizens.
*Neither Gwen nor Carlson owns any stock in AMI.
*AMI uses the accrual method of accounting and has a calendar year-end.
*AMI made payments that require Form 1099s, and will file the Form 1099s before the tax return is filed.
*AMI made four equal estimated tax payments of $43,000 each. Its tax liability last year was $175,000. If it has overpaid its federal tax liability, AMI would like to receive a refund.
*AMI paid a dividend of $80,000 to its shareholders on December 1. AMI had sufficient earnings and profits (E&P) to cover the distribution.
Alvin's Music Inc. (AMI) 2020 Form 1120, Schedule D, and Schedule G can be completed using the given information. Given below is the step by step solution to this problem: Step 1: Filling out Form 1120. Alvin's Music Inc. (AMI) uses the accrual method of accounting and has a calendar year-end.
So, for the tax year 2020, the due date to file Form 1120 is April 15, 2021. Line 1- Check the box on line 1a because AMI is a calendar year taxpayer. Enter AMI's name, address, and EIN (Employer Identification Number) on line 1b.Line 2- AMI's business activity code is 451140, so enter that code on line 2.Line 3- Leave line 3 blank as AMI is not a member of a consolidated group.Line 4- Enter the date of incorporation of the company. AMI was incorporated on June 12, 2011, so enter that on line 4.Line 5- Leave line 5 blank because AMI is not a subsidiary included in a consolidated return.Line 6- Leave line 6 blank because AMI is not a tax-exempt organization.Step 2: Filling out Schedule D. Schedule D is used to report capital gains and losses.
Here, AMI has neither Form 4562 for depreciation nor Form 4797 for the sale of the equipment, so there is no need to prepare any information for those forms. Thus, leave lines 1 through 21 blank. Step 3: Filling out Schedule G. Schedule G is used to report tax-exempt organizations and their controlling interests. Here, AMI does not have any controlling interests in tax-exempt organizations, so Schedule G does not need to be filled out. Thus, leave all the lines on Schedule G blank. Therefore, this is how AMI's 2020 Form 1120, Schedule D, and Schedule G can be completed using the given information.
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Using only the concepts we learned in class, explain how herd immunity of vaccinations creates a market inefficiency and how the government could intervene to achieve a socially efficient outcome. Use a fully labelled graph and verbal explanation in your answer and assume that the market for vaccines is perfect competition
Herd immunity refers to the indirect protection of individuals who are not immune to a particular disease when a significant portion of the population is immunized.
In the context of vaccinations, it means that a large percentage of people are vaccinated, reducing the transmission of the disease and protecting vulnerable individuals.
In a market for vaccines characterized by perfect competition, individual consumers and suppliers make independent decisions based on their own costs and benefits. The equilibrium quantity and price are determined where the demand curve (reflecting consumers' willingness to pay for vaccinations) intersects with the supply curve (representing the costs of producing vaccines).
However, herd immunity creates a market inefficiency due to positive externalities. When individuals get vaccinated, they not only protect themselves but also contribute to the overall reduction in disease transmission, benefiting the entire community. These positive externalities are not captured in the market price of vaccines, leading to an underallocation of resources to vaccination.
To achieve a socially efficient outcome, government intervention is necessary. One approach is for the government to subsidize vaccinations, effectively reducing the cost for consumers. The subsidy can shift the demand curve upward, reflecting the additional benefits of vaccinations to society beyond individual protection. This leads to a new equilibrium with a higher quantity of vaccinations and a lower price.
for vaccine suppliers, and D represents the private demand curve of individual consumers. The equilibrium is at the intersection of S and D, resulting in a lower quantity of vaccinations than the socially optimal level.
By providing a subsidy, the government effectively shifts the demand curve upward to reflect the external benefits (represented by the combined D and the external benefit curve). The new equilibrium occurs at a higher quantity, closer to the socially optimal level, and a lower price.
Through this intervention, the government s the market inefficiency caused by herd immunity. It ensures that the benefits of vaccinations to society are properly accounted for, leading to a more socially efficient outcome.
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If a business used an effective RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING SYSTEM and wanted to measure the performance of a COST CENTRE unit manager, then which of the following should be included in the performance report? Select one: O a. The business would be best to use non-financial performance measures only O b. Only those costs for which the manager has CONTROL O c. All costs incurred in that period allocated to the unit O d. All costs attributable to that unit PLUS all costs allocated to that unit
b. Only those costs for which the manager has control.
When measuring the performance of a cost center unit manager using an effective responsibility accounting system, it is important to include only those costs for which the manager has control. This allows for a fair assessment of the manager's performance based on the costs that they have the authority to influence and manage.
Including costs that are outside the manager's control would not provide an accurate reflection of their performance. By focusing on the costs that the manager can directly impact, the performance report becomes a more meaningful tool for evaluating their effectiveness in managing the resources allocated to them.
It helps in identifying areas where the manager can improve cost efficiency and make informed decisions to optimize the performance of the cost center unit.
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When are certain discriminatory employment qualifications permitted by law?
a.
never
b.
when it’s reverse discrimination
c.
when employees are on a probationary period
d.
when they are bona fide occupational qualifications
The correct answer is option d. BFOQs are specific job requirements that may involve discriminatory factors such as age, gender, or religion, but are necessary for the performance of a particular job.
However, it's important to note that the use of BFOQs is highly regulated and subject to strict scrutiny to ensure that they are genuinely essential to the job and do not unjustly exclude individuals based on protected characteristics.
It is worth mentioning that BFOQs are limited in scope and are only allowed in certain situations. The general principle of non-discrimination in employment holds that individuals should not be denied employment opportunities or treated unfairly based on protected characteristics such as race, color, national origin, sex, religion, disability, or age (in certain circumstances).
These protected characteristics are safeguarded by various anti-discrimination laws, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the United States.
While BFOQs provide a narrow exception to the general rule of non-discrimination, they are only permissible if it can be proven that the discriminatory qualification is directly related to the ability to perform the job safely and efficiently. Employers must demonstrate that the qualification is reasonably necessary for the normal operation of the particular business or enterprise.
It's essential for employers to consult legal experts or employment law resources specific to their jurisdiction to ensure compliance with anti-discrimination laws and to understand the criteria and limitations regarding BFOQs.
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The environmental analysis process consists of : a)Scanning and monitoring environmental regulations , scanning and monitoring a immigration trends and regulations , scanning and monitoring indicators of economic trends b ) Scanning and monitoring the role of government and law , scanning and monitoring the international community , scanning and monitoring the impact of unionization c) Scanning and monitoring emerging technology , scanning and monitoring demands of regulatory bodies , scanning and monitoring interest rates and cost of living d)Scanning and monitoring the general environment , scanning and monitoring the business environment , forecasting and assessing HR needs and roles
The environmental analysis process involves scanning and monitoring various factors that impact the business environment.
These include regulatory trends, economic indicators, government and law, international influences, emerging technology, regulatory demands, interest rates, and the general business environment. Additionally, forecasting and assessing HR needs and roles play a crucial role in the analysis.
a) Scanning and monitoring environmental regulations, immigration trends, and economic indicators are important aspects of the environmental analysis process. Environmental regulations can impact business operations, while immigration trends and economic indicators provide insights into demographic shifts and economic conditions that can affect business strategies.
b) Scanning and monitoring the role of government and law, the international community, and the impact of unionization are also critical in understanding the business environment. Government policies and regulations, global influences, and labor union dynamics can significantly impact business operations and decision-making.
c) Scanning and monitoring emerging technology, regulatory demands, and interest rates/cost of living are key factors in assessing the business landscape. Technological advancements can create opportunities or disrupt industries, regulatory demands affect compliance requirements, and interest rates/cost of living impact consumer behavior and economic conditions.
d) The general environment, business environment, and forecasting and assessing HR needs and roles are crucial components of the environmental analysis process. Understanding the overall context and industry-specific dynamics helps businesses identify opportunities and challenges, while forecasting HR needs ensures the organization has the right talent and resources to achieve its objectives.
By comprehensively scanning and monitoring these factors, organizations can gain valuable insights to inform strategic decision-making and adapt to the changing business landscape.
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Students will select a business organization and write a research paper: 10-12 pages, double-spaced, size 12-point Times New Roman font, with 1" margins. Students must reference all of their research the text of the paper. The papers must be APA style and be proof read before final submission. The paper must be free of spelling and grammar mistakes, logically written, and coherent. It should includ least 10 references. The objective of the paper is for you to use learned theories and concepts to analyz your chosen organization. As such, your paper must have in-depth analysis and discussion in each of t 10 below areas. Finally, in your recommendation section you will use your analysis throughout the pap and learned theories throughout the course, to make sound and realistic recommendations, with in-text citations. (Suggestion: Select an organization that has a lot of information available and/or where you have acce to the management personnel). The students are required to research the selected organization and address the following areas: 1. Organizational Context include the history, organizational image, size, locations of operation, type of products, and/or services offered 2. Environment in which the Organization Operates (Chapter 3) Task Environment General Environment economic environment • social/cultural environment political environment legal environment technological environment Organizational Form (Chapter 9) identify organizational form (mechanistic or organic), and analyzes its appropriateness for the environment of the organization. 3. customers suppliers competitors regulatory group
As per the question, the students are required to write a research paper on a business organization. The paper should be 10-12 pages, double-spaced, size 12-point Times New Roman font, with 1" margins.
What should they do?Students must reference all of their research in the text of the paper. The papers must be APA style and be proofread before final submission.
The paper must be free of spelling and grammar mistakes, logically written, and coherent. It should include at least 10 references.
Finally, in the recommendation section, the analysis throughout the paper and learned theories throughout the course are used to make sound and realistic recommendations, with in-text citations.
The areas that the students are required to research the selected organization and address are as follows:
Organizational Context- This section should include the history, organizational image, size, locations of operation, type of products, and/or services offered.
Environment in which the Organization Operates- This section should include:
Suppliers- This section should include information on suppliers of the chosen organization.
Competitors- This section should include information on competitors of the chosen organization.
Regulatory Group- This section should include information on the regulatory group of the chosen organization.
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The trend analysis report of Doppler, Inc. is given below (in millions): 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 Net income $700 $403 $401 $607 $456 151% 114% 100% 100% Trend percentages 175% Which of the following is a correct conclusion from the above analysis? (A) Net income for 2018 is 175% of that for 2014. (B) Net income for 2017 is 151% of the previous year. Net income for 2017 decreased by 151% from 2016. (D) Net income for 2018 increased by 175% from 2017.
Therefore, the correct conclusion from the above analysis is that net income for 2018 is 175% of that for 2014. Option (A) is correct.
Given the following trend analysis report of Doppler, Inc. (in millions): 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014Net income $700 $403 $401 $607 $456151% 114% 100% 100% Trend percentages 175%The correct conclusion from the above analysis is that (A) Net income for 2018 is 175% of that for 2014. Trend analysis is an analytical technique that is used to determine the trend or pattern in the performance of a company over time.
Trend analysis provides insights into the company's historical performance and helps in identifying trends that can help in making future predictions and decisions. The trend analysis report of Doppler, Inc. provided above shows the trend percentages of the net income of the company over the past five years. From the trend percentages, we can see that the net income for 2018 is 175% of the net income for 2014.
This means that the net income of the company has increased by 75% over the past four years, which is a significant improvement. Therefore, the correct conclusion from the above analysis is that net income for 2018 is 175% of that for 2014. Option (A) is correct.
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Put yourself in the place of an equity mutual fund manager. Think of all the stocks you might select for inclusion in the portfolio.How would emotions enhance your decision-making process?
Q2: You are considering managing your own money rather than trusting in an investment advisor. Some argue that emotional intelligence may be just as important as investment knowledge. Do you agree? Discuss
As an equity mutual fund manager, the emotions that I would consider include fear and greed. In the stock market, these emotions play a significant role in the decision-making process. However, it is crucial to ensure that emotions do not overpower rationality when making investment decisions.
For example, fear can result in a sell-off of stocks, causing losses to the investor. On the other hand, greed may lead to the selection of stocks that may seem lucrative, but may not be suitable for the portfolio's long-term goals. Therefore, it is essential to remain disciplined and maintain a balance between emotions and logic to make informed decisions. Emotions can be beneficial in identifying opportunities that may be overlooked by others. It can help to identify companies that have potential for growth, and investments can be made before their stock prices start rising. However, this process should be based on sound research and analysis, rather than emotional impulses. Emotions can enhance the decision-making process of equity mutual fund managers, but it should be backed by logic, analysis, and disciplined thinking.
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Metatrend's stock will generate earnings of $5 per share this year. The discount rate for the stock is 10%, and the rate of return on reinvested earnings also is 10%.
a. Find both the growth rate of dividends and the price of the stock if the company reinvests the following fraction of its earnings in the firm: (i) 0%; (ii) 30%; (iii) 40%.
b. Redo part (a) now assuming that the rate of return on reinvested earnings is 15%, what is the present value of growth opportunities (PVGO) for each reinvestment rate?
a. The growth rate of dividends and the price of Metatrend's stock can be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model. The Gordon Growth Model formula is: Dividends per share = Earnings per share × Dividend Payout Ratio.
(i) If the reinvestment rate is 0%, the dividend payout ratio is 1, and the growth rate of dividends will be 0%. The price of the stock can be calculated by dividing the earnings per share by the discount rate: Stock price = Earnings per share / Discount rate.
(ii) If the reinvestment rate is 30%, the dividend payout ratio is 0.7, and the growth rate of dividends will be 3% (calculated as 0.7 × 10%). The stock price can be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model.
(iii) If the reinvestment rate is 40%, the dividend payout ratio is 0.6, and the growth rate of dividends will be 4% (calculated as 0.6 × 10%). The stock price can be calculated using the Gordon Growth Model.
b. Assuming a rate of return on reinvested earnings of 15%, the present value of growth opportunities (PVGO) can be calculated as the difference between the stock price with reinvestment and the stock price without reinvestment.
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A piece of labor-saving equipment has just come onto the market that Mitsui Electronics, Limited, could use to reduce costs in one of its plants in Japan. Relevant data relating to the equipment follow: Purchase cost of the equipment Annual cost savings that will be $ 530,000 provided by the equipment $ 100,000 Life of the equipment 10 years Required: 1a. Compute the payback period for the equipment. 1b. If the company requires a payback period of four years or less, would the equipment be purchased? 2a. Compute the simple rate of return on the equipment. Use straight-line depreciation based on the equipment's useful life. 2b. Would the equipment be purchased if the company's required rate of return is 15%?
1a. To compute the payback period for the equipment, we divide the purchase cost of the equipment by the annual cost savings provided by the equipment:
Payback period = Purchase cost of the equipment / Annual cost savings
Payback period = $530,000 / $100,000
Payback period = 5.3 years
1b. Since the payback period (5.3 years) is greater than the company's requirement of four years or less, the equipment would not be purchased based on the payback period criterion.
2a. To compute the simple rate of return on the equipment, we need to calculate the average annual net income generated by the equipment and divide it by the initial investment:
Average annual net income = Annual cost savings - Depreciation expense
Depreciation expense = Purchase cost of the equipment / Life of the equipment
Depreciation expense = $530,000 / 10 years
Depreciation expense = $53,000 per year
Average annual net income = $100,000 - $53,000
Average annual net income = $47,000
Simple rate of return = Average annual net income / Initial investment
Simple rate of return = $47,000 / $530,000
Simple rate of return = 0.0887 or 8.87%
2b. If the company's required rate of return is 15%, the equipment would not be purchased since the simple rate of return (8.87%) is lower than the required rate of return (15%).
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In March 2021, Tamara Mines Co. purchased a coal mine for $6,000,000. Removable coal is estimated at 1,500,000 tons. Tamara is required to restore the land at an estimated cost of $720,000, and the land should have a value of $630,000. The company incurred $1,500,000 of development costs preparing the mine for production. During 2021, 450,000 tons were removed, and 300,000 tons were sold. The total amount of depletion that Tamara should record for 2021 is (give the journal entry)
The accumulated depletion account should be debited by $1,350,000 when Tamara Mines Co. purchased a coal mine for $6,000,000. Removable coal is estimated at 1,500,000 tons.
Depletion expense is a significant factor in measuring the expense of natural resources. Depletion is the allocation of the cost of a natural resource over time. According to this concept, the amount of resources mined or extracted during a specific accounting period is multiplied by the cost of the reserve to arrive at the depletion expense for that period.
Journal Entry: To record depletion expense in 2021, the following journal entry should be recorded:
Dr. Depletion Expense- $1,350,000Cr.
Accumulated Depletion- $1,350,000 ($6,000,000 - $720,000)/1,500,000 tons = $3.52 per ton.$3.52 x 450,000 tons = $1,584,000 depletion expense in 2021. The company should record $1,350,000 of depletion expense in 2021 since only 450,000 tons were mined in the year, and 300,000 tons were sold.
($1,350,000/$3.52) x 450,000 tons = 164,136 tons depleted in 2021.
The cost of each ton depleted is ($6,000,000 - $720,000) / 1,500,000 = $3.52.
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andice never looks at her bank statements; she just throws them in a drawer, because she knows she has plenty of money in the bank to cover any checks she writes. One day, Candice receives a notice that she has bounced a check. Candice talks to the bank representative, and together, they discover that for the past seven months, someone has been forging checks on Candice's account. All together, the checks total $4,273. In the last month alone, there were three forged checks totaling $1,000. Because Candice has now reported these unauthorized checks to the bank, the bank will be responsible for reimbursing Candice:
a. nothing.
b. $1,000.00.
c. $50.
d. $4,273.00.
The bank will be responsible for reimbursing Candice: b. $1,000.00.
Candice, who never checked her bank statements, discovered that unauthorized checks had been forged on her account for the past seven months, totaling $4,273. However, because she promptly reported the unauthorized checks to the bank, they will be responsible for reimbursing her. In the last month alone, there were three forged checks amounting to $1,000. The bank is liable for the amount of the unauthorized checks, which in this case is $1,000. Candice's timely action in reporting the fraudulent activity ensures that she will be compensated for the unauthorized transactions.
The bank's responsibility for reimbursing Candice arises from their duty to protect their customers' accounts and prevent unauthorized transactions. By promptly notifying the bank of the forged checks, Candice acted responsibly and fulfilled her obligation as an account holder. As a result, she is entitled to be reimbursed for the amount of the unauthorized checks, which in this case is $1,000.
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Erna Manufacturing has 8 million shares of common stock outstanding. The current share price is $73, and the book value per share is $7. Erna Manufacturing also has two bond issues outstanding. The first bond issue has a face value of $85 million, has a 7 percent coupon, and sells for 97 percent of par. The second issue has a face value of $50 million, has an 8 percent coupon, and sells for 108 percent of par. The first issues matures in 21 years, the second in 6 years. Suppose the most recent dividend was $4.10 and the dividend growth rate is 6 percent. Assume that the overall cost of debt is the weighted average of that implied by the two outstanding debt issues. Both bonds make semiannual payments. The tax rate is 35 percent. What is the company's WACC?
WACC: WACC is the weighted average cost of capital, which represents the average cost of capital of the company's debt and equity. WACC is computed by multiplying the cost of each capital component by its proportional weight and then adding the products.
Erna Manufacturing's WACC is calculated as follows:WACC = (E/V x Re) + ((D/V x Rd) x (1 - Tc))Where,V = Total value of the companyD = Total debtE = Total equityRe = Cost of equityRd = Cost of debtTc = Tax rateE = 8,000,000 x $73 = $584,000,000D = ($85,000,000 x 0.97) + ($50,000,000 x 1.08) = $115,950,000V = E + D = $699,950,000
First, we must calculate the cost of equity using the dividend discount model and then use the CAPM to double-check that we are correct:Re = ($4.10 x (1 + 0.06)) / $73 + 0.06 = 0.1125 or 11.25%Expected return on the market is 12%, while the risk-free rate is 3%.Using the CAPM, we get:Re = 0.03 + (1.2 x 0.12 - 0.03) x 0.5 = 0.096 or 9.6%Wd = ($85,000,000 / $115,950,000) x 100% = 73.31%Wd2 = ($50,000,000 / $115,950,000) x 100% = 43.06%Rd = 7% x 0.73 + 8% x 0.4306 = 7.4474 or 7.45%.
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PURPOSE
This assignment is designed to develop learners' ability to discuss the business networking of successful entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
REQUIREMENT
Select any TWO business companies in Malaysia that you are familiar with and discuss the companies networking and how these companies are able to develop their organisation's business to a level of success and pride in the business
Company A: AirAsia
Company B: Grab
AirAsia, a leading low-cost airline in Malaysia, has successfully developed its business through extensive networking
. The company has established strategic partnerships with other airlines, travel agencies, and online booking platforms to expand its reach and offer seamless travel experiences to customers. AirAsia has also collaborated with tourism boards and hotels to promote travel destinations, enhancing its brand image and attracting more customers. The company's strong networking has enabled it to tap into new markets, negotiate favorable agreements for fuel and aircraft leasing, and create innovative ancillary revenue streams.
Grab, a prominent ride-hailing and food delivery service in Malaysia, has built a robust networking ecosystem to propel its success. The company has formed strategic partnerships with various stakeholders, including banks, e-commerce platforms, and local businesses. Through these partnerships, Grab has expanded its services to offer digital payment solutions, online shopping, and loyalty programs, providing added value to its customers. Grab has also collaborated with governments and regulatory bodies to ensure compliance and foster trust among users. This extensive networking has allowed Grab to diversify its offerings, increase market share, and gain a competitive edge in the industry.
In summary, both AirAsia and Grab have leveraged their networking capabilities to drive business success. Their strategic partnerships, collaborations, and alliances have enabled them to expand their customer base, access new markets, and diversify their services. By building strong relationships with various stakeholders, these companies have strengthened their positions in the market and achieved growth, ultimately becoming successful and respected entities in the business landscape of Malaysia.
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In 2022, Noam spent $52,786 starting a new business that manufactures anti-viral face masks. This is a new business venture for Noam. All costs were ordinary and necessary, and the business began operations on Nov. 1, 2022. What amount of the startup expenses can Noam deduct in 2022 if Noam chooses to accelerate his deductions as much as possible? X 586 Correct Answer: 2,776 Machine Inc. purchased a 100% business-use asset for $1,786,021 in 2020. The asset has a 5-year MACRS GDS recovery period and is depreciated under MACRS GDS (no SL election). The asset was placed in service on Dec. 1, 2020, and it was the only asset placed in service during 2020. Machine Inc. did not elect Section 179 expensing and elected out of Section 168(k) bonus depreciation in 2020. Machine Inc. sold the 5-year asset on April 10, 2022. What is Machine Inc.'s 2022 depreciation deduction for the 5-year asset? хо Correct Answer: 152,705
Startup expenses are the cost of starting a business, such as advertising, wages, and consultants. These are the costs of creating an active trade or business or investigating the creation or acquisition of an active trade or business, either before doing so or as a going concern.
The amount of the startup expenses that Noam can deduct in 2022 if he chooses to accelerate his deductions as much as possible is $5,000. LONG ANSWER:If Noam wishes to accelerate his startup costs, he must use the IRC Section 195 deduction. Noam can write off $5,000 of startup expenses in 2022, with the remainder amortized over 15 years.Noam can use the IRC Section 195 deduction since he started a new business. Noam is not eligible to use the election provided by IRC Section 164 because he is starting a new business.
In the case of Machine Inc. EXPLANATION:Machine Inc. has a 5-year MACRS GDS recovery period asset worth $1,786,021 and placed it in service on December 1, 2020. The asset is depreciated over five years, so the annual depreciation expense is $357,204 ($1,786,021 divided by 5 years).In 2022, Machine Inc. sells the 5-year asset. In 2022, Machine Inc. has used the asset for just two years since it was placed in service on December 1, 2020. The half-year convention is used to calculate the depreciation expense.In 2022, Machine Inc.'s depreciation deduction for the 5-year asset is $152,705. (Two-year depreciation expense multiplied by the 0.4 MACRS GDS table.)Therefore, the correct option is хо.
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In the following table are demand and cost data for a pure monopolist. Complete the table by filling in the columns for total revenue, marginal revenue, total profit, and marginal cost. Answer these three questions: A. What output will the monopolist produce to maximize profit? B. What price will the monopolist charge? C. What total profit will the monopolist receive at the profit-maximizing level of output? Total Marginal Total Marginal Total cost Profit Quantity Price revenue revenue cost 0 $34 $20 1 32 36 2 30 46 3 28 50 4 26 54 5 24 56 6 22 64 7 20 80 18 100 9 16 128 10 14 160
(A) To maximize profit, the monopolist will produce 6 units of output At a quantity of 6 units,(B) the monopolist will charge a price of $22 to maximize its profit (C) The total profit that the monopolist will receive at the profit-maximizing level of output of 6 units is $52
A) What output will the monopolist produce to maximize profit?To maximize profit, the monopolist will produce 6 units of output because at 6 units of output, marginal cost equals marginal revenue. This output will generate a total revenue of $144 and a total profit of $52.B) What price will the monopolist charge?At a quantity of 6 units, the monopolist will charge a price of $22 to maximize its profit.C) What total profit will the monopolist receive at the profit-maximizing level of output?The total profit that the monopolist will receive at the profit-maximizing level of output of 6 units is $52. Here is how to complete the table:Total Marginal Total Marginal Total cost Profit Quantity Price revenue revenue cost0 $34 $20 1 32 36 16 142 2 30 46 10 100 3 28 50 4 28 112 4 26 54 4 16 64 5 24 56 2 8 48 6 22 64 8 -16 32 7 20 80 16 -24 8 18 100 20 -38 -2 16 128 28 -60 -18 14 160 32 -96 -32Hope this helps
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identify five benefits of customer relationship management systems
Customer relationship management (CRM) systems are software that assists businesses in managing their relationships with their customers.
CRM systems' primary goal is to boost customer loyalty, which may lead to increased revenue and profitability. Here are five benefits of customer relationship management systems. Improved Customer Retention: CRM systems enable businesses to offer personalized services to customers by providing detailed customer information. These personalized services can improve customer satisfaction and lead to increased customer retention. Efficient Marketing CRM systems assist in the collection of valuable customer data that can be used for marketing activities such as segmentation and personalization.
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Alliance Manufacturing Company is considering the purchase of a new automated drill press to replace an older one. The machine now in operation has a book value of zero and a salvage value of zero. However, it is in good working condition with an expected life of 10 additional years. The new drill press is more efficient than the existing one and, if installed, will provide an estimated cost savings (in labor, materials, and maintenance) of $12,000 per year. The new machine costs $50,000 delivered and installed. It has an estimated useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of $2,000 at the end of this period. The firm’s cost of capital is 14 percent, and its marginal income tax rate is 40 percent. The firm uses the straight-line depreciation method.
Complete the following table to compute the net present value (NPV) of the investment. (Hint: Remember that, in Year 10, Alliances also receives the salvage value of the machine.)
Year
Cash Flow
PV Interest Factor at 14%
Present Value (PV)
($)
($)
0 1.00000 1 0.87719 2 0.76947 3 0.67497 4 0.59208 5 0.51937 6 0.45559 7 0.39964 8 0.35056 9 0.30751 10 0.26974 Net Present Value Should Alliance replace its existing drill press?
No
Yes
To calculate NPV, we need to multiply each cash flow by the present value (PV) factor. PV factor can be calculated using the following formula: PV factor = 1/ (1+i)^n, where i is the discount rate (14%) and n is the year number.In the last year, we also need to add the salvage value of the machine, which is $2,000.
NPV can be calculated by subtracting the initial investment from the sum of present values of all cash flows.To answer whether Alliance Manufacturing Company should replace its existing drill press, we need to compare the NPV with zero. If the NPV is greater than zero, the investment should be accepted.
If the NPV is less than zero, the investment should be rejected. In this case, the NPV is $39,818.60, which is greater than zero. Therefore, Alliance Manufacturing Company should replace its existing drill press.
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