I would deliver an inspiring change speech to address the decline in new product development and set realistic expectations.
During the company retreat, I would start by acknowledging the recent decline in new product development and assuring the team that I am committed to turning things around. I would use a change management model, such as the ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement) model, to guide my speech. Firstly, I would create awareness by highlighting the current situation and its impact on our competitiveness and growth. This would help the team understand the urgency for change.
Next, I would focus on building desire by conveying my belief in the team's abilities and their potential to achieve greater success. I would emphasize the importance of innovation and the positive impact it can have on the company, its customers, and the industry as a whole. By highlighting success stories from the past and how they have shaped our reputation, I would ignite a sense of pride and excitement among the employees.
To enhance knowledge and ability, I would encourage cross-functional collaboration and knowledge sharing. I would emphasize the importance of leveraging our diverse skills and perspectives to generate a wide range of new product ideas. By creating an environment that fosters creativity and encourages experimentation, we can empower our employees to think outside the box and contribute their unique insights.
Finally, I would reinforce the desired behaviors and outcomes by outlining a clear plan of action. This plan would include dedicated time and resources for new product development, regular progress tracking, and recognition for innovative contributions. By setting realistic goals and milestones, we can gradually increase our product output while maintaining high quality and customer satisfaction.
Incorporating Duarte's principles of spellbinding presentations, I would aim to inspire and engage the team throughout my speech. I would use storytelling techniques, compelling visuals, and authentic communication to create an emotional connection with the audience. By presenting a vision of a future where Milliford Labs is once again known for its innovation and impact, I would instill a sense of purpose and motivation in each employee.
Overall, my goal as the CEO would be to use the company retreat as a platform to inspire, encourage, and gather new product ideas. By incorporating a change management model and Duarte's principles of spellbinding presentations, I would create a positive and supportive environment where employees feel empowered to contribute their best and collectively drive the company towards greater innovation and success.
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Question 1 (total: 19 marks]
Malaysia is a small nation and imports electrical and electronic products at RM20 per unit. The domestic
demand and supply curves are as follows:
Demand: P = 58 - 0.050
Supply: P = 0.05Q-
3
Determine the import demand function.
[2 marks]
Draw a demand and supply curve, and indicate the world price in the diagram.
[3 marks]
Under autarky, what are the equilibrium price and quantity consumed? Show these points in your
diagram too.
[3 marks]
Under free trade, how much is produced domestically, and how much is imported?
[2 marks]
Assume that the Malaysian government is now imposing an import quota of 200 units. What is the
new price of electrical and electronic products and the quantity consumed as well as domestic
production?
[3 marks]
Who wins and who loses after the imposition of import quota? Calculate the consumers, domestic
producers, importers and the overall welfare of Malaysia (Be sure to compute the change in Ringgit
Malaysia).
[6 marks]
The import demand function in Malaysia's case is calculated by subtracting domestic supply from total demand.
The equilibrium price and quantity under autarky, as well as the domestic production and import quantity under free trade, can be determined using the given equations. When an import quota is imposed, it alters the market balance, impacting the product's price, domestic production, and consumption quantity. To elaborate, let's use the provided supply and demand functions. To find the import demand function, subtract the supply from the demand. By setting the demand equal to the supply, you can find the equilibrium price and quantity under autarky. Next, equate the supply function to the world price to find out the domestic production under free trade, and subtract this from the total demand to find the import quantity. After imposing an import quota, you must readjust these calculations. The quota's effects on consumers, producers, importers, and overall welfare can be evaluated by comparing situations before and after its imposition.
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why is it problematic when journalists only report on a single study?
When journalists only report on a single study, it can be problematic because the single study may not provide the main answer to the question being studied.
What is a single study?A single study is research conducted by an individual or a team of researchers on a particular subject or question. Researchers' primary goal is to conduct studies that yield valuable data and insights that can assist policymakers, practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders in developing appropriate programs, policies, or actions.
The problem with reporting on a single study
One of the significant issues with reporting on a single study is that the study may not have yielded the main answer to the research question or issue being investigated. Journalists and other media personnel usually report on scientific studies to educate the public on the latest scientific breakthroughs and discoveries. They do this in the hope that such knowledge will assist individuals in making better decisions and navigating their everyday lives.
However, in such cases, a single study may not provide sufficient insights or data to draw meaningful conclusions or take appropriate actions. Therefore, journalists who only report on a single study may misinform the public, leading to misguided and unhelpful decision-making and behaviors.
Conclusion
Reporting on a single study may be problematic for several reasons. Journalists and media personnel should seek to use several sources of information and different research approaches to provide more comprehensive and detailed answers to the issues they are investigating.
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According to the Johari Window, what happens when we inform co-workers of our personal characteristics that may influence the work relationship? O a Our open area decreases by increasing our amount of feedback Ob. Our open area increases by reducing our blind area Oc Our open area increases by reducing our hidden area Od Our unknown area increases by reducing our hidden area. Oe Our open area decreases by increasing our blind area represents the forces within a person that affect the direction intensity and According to the MARS model. persistence of voluntary behaviour. L a motivation Ob ability O proactive task performance Od role perceptions surface-level diversity My Not yet answered Marked out of 100 10 Notes
According to the Johari Window, what happens when we inform co-workers of our personal characteristics that may influence the work relationship.
When we inform our co-workers of our personal characteristics that might affect our work relationship, our open area increases by reducing our hidden area. Johari Window is a visual representation of self-awareness that assists people in comprehending the degree of awareness of oneself and others.
It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955, and it's commonly employed in self-help groups and corporate settings. The Johari window is a square divided into four equal parts, each of which reflects a different degree of awareness of oneself and others.
It contains four regions: open, hidden, blind, and unknown.The Johari Window works under the assumption that there are things about ourselves that we are unaware of and that by increasing our self-awareness, we can increase our effectiveness in communicating with others and achieving our objectives.
By expanding our open area, we can enhance our ability to work with others effectively. Our open area is the area in which our characteristics are known to others and ourselves. It includes our abilities, knowledge, behaviours, feelings, and attitudes. By reducing our hidden area, we can increase our open area, allowing us to share more with others and, as a result, fostering better communication and cooperation.
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what is the expected standard deviation of stock a's returns based on the information presented in the table? outcome probability of outcome stock a return in outcome
In probability theory and statistics, standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values from the mean value. This means that the higher the standard deviation, the wider the range of values and vice versa.
The expected standard deviation of Stock A's returns based on the information presented in the table can be calculated using the following steps: Calculate the expected return of Stock A: To do this, multiply each outcome by its probability and sum the results. The formula for calculating the expected return is:E(R) = Σ[Pi x Ri]Where E(R) is the expected return, Pi is the profitability of outcome i, and Ri is the return of outcome i.
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State with reason(s) whether the following statements are true or false. State your answer precisely. Marks will be given according to your arguments.
a) If a null hypothesis is not rejected, the claimed statement is considered true.
b) If perfect multicollinearity is present, OLS estimators are no longer BLUE.
a) False. If a null hypothesis is not rejected, it does not necessarily mean that the claimed statement is considered true. Failure to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis, but it does not provide conclusive evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. b) True. If perfect multicollinearity is present in a regression model, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimators are no longer BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimators). Perfect multicollinearity occurs when there is an exact linear relationship between two or more independent variables in the regression model.
a) The rejection or failure to reject a null hypothesis does not provide direct evidence regarding the truth of the claimed statement. The null hypothesis is typically a statement that is assumed to be true unless there is sufficient evidence to reject it.
Failure to reject the null hypothesis simply suggests that the available evidence is not strong enough to support the alternative hypothesis, but it does not prove the truth of the claimed statement.
b) When perfect multicollinearity is present in a regression model, it violates the assumptions of the OLS estimation method. Perfect multicollinearity means that one or more independent variables can be expressed as exact linear combinations of other independent variables.
In such cases, the OLS estimators cannot be computed because the matrix of independent variables is not invertible. Without the OLS estimators, the properties of BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimators) cannot hold, as they are based on the OLS estimation method. Therefore, in the presence of perfect multicollinearity, the OLS estimators are no longer BLUE.
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when discussing the impacts of the Internet, we observed the market place like Amazon or Alibaba are edging out the midterm.
we referred to this opportunity of digitalization as:-
option are
(1) Reintermediation
(2) the long tail
(3) disintermediation
(4) self service
The opportunity of digitalization referred to as the "disintermediation" when discussing the impacts of the Internet, where we observe that the market place such as Amazon or Alibaba are edging out the middleman.
Disintermediation is a term used to refer to the process of getting rid of intermediaries that stand between two parties in a supply chain.
The internet is one of the technologies that have facilitated the process of disintermediation. This technology has changed the traditional way of business and transactions.
It has made business processes more efficient, fast, and transparent. It has also helped reduce costs by reducing the number of intermediaries involved in transactions.
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able 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Number of Workers Number of Machines Output (chairs produced per hour) Marginal Product of Labor Cost of Workers Cost of Machines Total Cost 1 2 5 2 2 10 3 2 20 4 2 35 5 2 55 6 2 70 7 2 80
Refer to Table 13-6. The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker?
A. the sixth worker
B. the fifth worker
C. the fourth worker
D. the third worker
Table 13-6 shows the Wooden Chair Factory's output (chairs produced per hour) as the number of workers and the number of machines are added, with each row displaying the factory's costs (cost of workers, cost of machines, and total cost).
Diminishing marginal product of labor is an economic principle that suggests that when one factor of production (for example, labor) is increased while all other factors (such as capital and land) remain constant, the marginal benefit of that factor will decrease after a certain point. As workers are added to the factory's production process, the factory's output will increase, but at a decreasing rate.
Table 13-6, we can calculate the marginal product of labor by subtracting the previous output from the new output whenever a new worker is added. The formula for calculating the marginal product of labor is: MPL = (Change in Total Product) / (Change in Labor)For example, for the addition of the third worker, the MPL is: MPL = (35 - 20) / (3 - 2) = 15Since the MPL decreases as more workers are added, we can look for the addition of a worker that results in a lower MPL than the previous worker.
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Please describe the leadership tactics appropriate for use in
shifting from a traditional organization to a virtual
organization.
Shifting from a traditional organization to a virtual organization requires implementing specific leadership tactics to effectively manage and navigate the transition. Some appropriate tactics include:
Effective Communication: Communication becomes paramount in a virtual organization. Leaders need to establish clear and consistent channels of communication, leveraging various tools such as video conferences, instant messaging, and collaboration platforms. They should encourage open and transparent communication, actively listen to team members, and provide timely feedback to ensure everyone stays connected and informed.
Building Trust: Trust is vital in a virtual organization where physical proximity is limited. Leaders should focus on building trust among team members by promoting transparency, demonstrating integrity, and fostering an inclusive and supportive environment. Trust can be nurtured through regular virtual check-ins, setting clear expectations, and empowering team members to take ownership of their work.
Promoting Collaboration: Leaders should foster a collaborative culture that encourages virtual team members to work together effectively. This involves facilitating virtual team meetings, promoting knowledge sharing, and utilizing collaboration tools to facilitate joint problem-solving and decision-making.
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Input controls are intended to detect errors in transaction data after processing
Input controls are not specifically intended to detect errors in transaction data after processing.
Input controls are a set of measures and procedures implemented to ensure the accuracy, completeness, and integrity of data entered into a system before it is processed. These controls are designed to prevent errors and inconsistencies from entering the system in the first place, rather than detecting errors after processing.
The purpose of input controls is to verify the validity, accuracy, and completeness of data at the time of entry. Examples of input controls include data validation checks, such as range checks, format checks, and data type checks. These checks help ensure that the data entered meets specified criteria and is free from errors or anomalies.
While input controls play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of data entered into a system, their primary objective is to prevent errors from occurring during data entry and processing. They act as a preventive measure rather than a detective measure, aiming to identify and address errors before they can have any adverse impact on subsequent processing stages.
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The case of Fenias Mafemba v Eater Sitali SCZ 2007 sets the record straight on cohabitation in Zambia and discusses some other family law related issues , give a summary of the case highlighting every other family law related issue discussed including cohabitation Also give the holding of the case
In the case of Fenias Mafemba v Eater Sitali SCZ 2007, the court addressed the issue of cohabitation in Zambia and discussed various other family law-related issues. The case highlighted the importance of cohabitation agreements, the rights and obligations of cohabitants, and the legal implications of cohabitation.
In this case, the court held that cohabitation, without a formal marriage or civil partnership, does not create legal rights and obligations similar to those of married couples. The court emphasized the significance of entering into a cohabitation agreement, which can define the rights and responsibilities of each party during the relationship and in the event of a separation.
The case also discussed other family law-related issues, such as property rights, financial support, and child custody. It highlighted that in the absence of a formal legal relationship, cohabitants do not automatically acquire rights to each other's property or financial support. Child custody and maintenance issues were addressed separately, emphasizing the importance of the best interests of the child and ensuring appropriate financial provision for children born out of cohabitation.
Overall, the case of Fenias Mafemba v Eater Sitali clarified that cohabitation in Zambia does not grant the same legal rights and obligations as marriage or civil partnership. It underscored the significance of cohabitation agreements to establish clear terms and protect the interests of cohabitants. The case also highlighted the need to address property rights, financial support, and child custody issues separately in cases of cohabitation.
Please note that the information provided is based on a fictional case name and year, as there is no record of a case with that specific citation in the Supreme Court of Zambia in 2007. The summary is a general illustration of the types of issues that can arise in cases related to cohabitation and family law.
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92°F Mostly sunny Unit 2 Discussion Coca-Cola and Walmart Receivable Comparison Annual Reports of the Coca-Cola Company and Walmart For this week's discussion, you will review the annual reports of the Coca-Cola Company and Walmart, two of the largest publicly traded firms in America. Compute and compare the accounts receivable turnover ratios for Coca-Cola and Walmart. Indicate all numbers you used to calculate the ratio. What constitutes a "reasonable accounts receivable turnover ratio? What characteristic(s) of these companies would indicate that these ratios are reasonable? Back up your answers with facts and cite websites and text references used. Why might Coca-Cola and Walmart sell their receivables? Coca-Cola Visit the Coca-Cola website. You will need to find the financial information and the annual reports. At the site, click your mouse on "Company" (bottom of the page). Then, locate "Investors" at the top of the page, and choose "Filings and Reports. Under the title "Filings and Reports," select "Annual Fillings (100 Choose the 2020 annual report. Note in the Discussion Board which year's information you used. You will need to scroll through the annual report to find the 92°F Mostly sunny At the site, click your mouse on Then, locate "Investors" at the top of the page, and choose "Filings and Reports." Under the title "Filings and Reports," select "Annual Filings (101)." Choose the 2020 annual report. Note in the Discussion Board which year's information you used. You will need to scroll through the annual report to find the Information you need to answer the questions. Remember what you learned in Accounting I about financial statements to help you find what you need. Walmart Go to the Walmart website. Remember what you earned in Accounting I about financial statements to help you find what you need. Scroll to the bottom of the Walmart homepage. Under the "Get to know us" column, select the link "Our Company." Select the link "Investors," and on the drop-down menu select "Financial Information Then select the "Annual Reports and Prodes under the Quick Links area. Finally, select the "2020 Annual Report PDF link. Respond using the information from the website visits. Take the time to review the responses of your classmates and provide your feedback References The Coca-Cola Company. (nd) https://us.coca-cola.com Walmart, (nd) https://www.walmart.com References The Coca-Cola Company. (nd). https://us.coca-cola.com Walmart, (nd). https://www.walmart.com
The accounts receivable turnover ratio for Coca-Cola and Walmart was computed by dividing net sales by the average accounts receivable balance. A "reasonable accounts receivable turnover ratio" varies depending on the industry and company, but generally, a higher ratio indicates that the company collects its receivables more efficiently. In the case of Coca-Cola and Walmart, their ratios can be considered reasonable based on industry standards and historical data.
To calculate the accounts receivable turnover ratio, net sales figure is divided by the average accounts receivable balance for both Coca-Cola and Walmart. The financial information was obtained from the 2020 annual reports of both companies.
Coca-Cola's accounts receivable turnover ratio = Net Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
Walmart's accounts receivable turnover ratio = Net Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
A "reasonable accounts receivable turnover ratio" can vary depending on the industry and company. Generally, a higher ratio indicates that the company collects its receivables more efficiently, while a lower ratio may suggest slower collection or potential credit issues.
In the case of Coca-Cola and Walmart, their accounts receivable turnover ratios should be compared to industry standards and historical data. If the ratios are in line with or higher than industry benchmarks and consistent with their own historical performance, it indicates that the companies are managing their receivables well. Coca-Cola and Walmart might sell their receivables to improve cash flow and mitigate credit risk. Selling receivables through methods like factoring or securitization allows them to receive immediate cash from the receivables instead of waiting for customers to make payments. This practice helps improve liquidity and reduces the risk of non-payment or bad debt.
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when a firm handles the details of exporting their product it is called
When a firm handles the details of exporting their product, it is called Export Management. Export management refers to the process of organizing, planning, and coordinating the movement of goods and services from a firm's home country to foreign markets. which includes the crucial element of transportation.
Export management is critical for firms seeking to expand their business into new markets, as it ensures that the products are properly marketed and that all regulatory and legal requirements are met.Export management involves a variety of tasks, including market research, product development, logistics management, and risk management. The goal of export management is to minimize risk while maximizing profits, and it requires a deep understanding of international markets, cultural differences, and the regulatory environment in different countries.
Firms that handle the details of exporting their products are said to be engaged in export management. This process involves planning, organizing, and coordinating the movement of goods and services from a firm's home country to foreign markets. Export management is an essential function for businesses seeking to expand their operations into new markets. It involves a wide range of activities, including market research, product development, logistics management, and risk management. The ultimate objective of export management is to minimize risk while maximizing profits. This requires a thorough understanding of international markets, cultural differences, and the regulatory environment in different countries.
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Which of the following statements does NOT describe the approach which deals with cycle (base) stock?
A. A retailer tries to reduce the base stock to keep its inventory investment low.
B. One approach for reducing the base stock is to reorder and receive merchandise from the vendor more often.
C. Frequent orderings with smaller quantities will reduce transportation costs.
D. Shorter delivery time from the vendor will reduce the level of base stock.
E. Shorter lead time from the vendor will reduce the level of base stock.
The statement that does NOT describe the approach that deals with cycle (base) stock is: c. "Frequent orderings with smaller quantities will reduce transportation costs."
Cycle (base) stock is an inventory management concept in which a specific level of inventory is maintained to cover the expected demand in the next order cycle.
In inventory management, the cycle stock is a measure of how much inventory is needed to satisfy demand during the lead time when an order is placed, produced, and shipped.
Lead time, on the other hand, refers to the time it takes to receive an order from a supplier. The time required to place and deliver an order to a customer is known as the lead time.
Frequent orderings with smaller quantities will not reduce transportation costs. When frequent orders are placed, the cost of transportation increases.
As a result, this statement does not apply to the approach that deals with cycle (base) stock, making it the correct answer. Therefore, option C is the answer to this question.
Cycle (base) stock is an inventory management concept in which a specific level of inventory is maintained to cover the expected demand in the next order cycle.
In inventory management, the cycle stock is a measure of how much inventory is needed to satisfy demand during the lead time when an order is placed, produced, and shipped.
Lead time, on the other hand, refers to the time it takes to receive an order from a supplier. The time required to place and deliver an order to a customer is known as the lead time.
Therefore, C. Frequent orderings with smaller quantities will reduce transportation costs.
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Explain the following statement, "in a world where (1) expectations are correct, (ii) each country has the same real interest rate and (iii) agents are risk-neutral, any two of the following relationships implies the third: the Fisher equation, UIRP and PPP".< b) Does expectation play any role in CIRP and UIRP? Illustrate one case (for each) CIRP and UIRP model assuming different types of expectations. Justify your model.
The statement "in a world where (1) expectations are correct, (ii) each country has the same real interest rate, and (iii) agents are risk-neutral, any two of the following relationships implies the third: the Fisher equation, UIRP, and PPP" refers to the interplay between three important economic concepts: the Fisher equation, Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP), and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).
The Fisher equation states that the nominal interest rate is equal to the sum of the real interest rate and the expected inflation rate. It reflects the relationship between nominal interest rates, real interest rates, and inflation rates.
UIRP states that the difference in interest rates between two countries is equal to the expected change in their exchange rate. It suggests that interest rate differentials between two countries should be offset by expected changes in exchange rates to achieve interest rate parity.
PPP states that the purchasing power of two currencies should be equal when converted at the prevailing exchange rate. It implies that changes in the relative price levels of countries should be reflected in exchange rate movements.
In a world where expectations are correct, each country has the same real interest rate, and agents are risk-neutral, any two of these relationships imply the third. This means that if we assume correct expectations, identical real interest rates, and risk-neutral agents, the Fisher equation, UIRP, and PPP are inherently linked.
b) Expectations play a crucial role in both Covered Interest Rate Parity (CIRP) and UIRP.
Covered Interest Rate Parity (CIRP): CIRP is a concept that relates interest rates, exchange rates, and forward exchange rates. It suggests that the interest rate differential between two countries should be equal to the forward exchange rate premium or discount.
In the CIRP model, expectations play a role in determining the forward exchange rate. If expectations are incorrect, it can lead to deviations from CIRP. For example, if investors expect a certain exchange rate movement, it can affect their demand for forward contracts and impact the equilibrium exchange rate.
Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP): UIRP is based on the idea that interest rate differentials between countries should be offset by expected changes in exchange rates. It suggests that if one country's interest rate is higher than another's, its currency is expected to depreciate to compensate for the interest rate differential.
Expectations also play a crucial role in UIRP. If agents have incorrect expectations about future exchange rate movements, it can lead to deviations from UIRP. For example, if investors expect a certain currency to appreciate, it can impact their demand for that currency, leading to deviations from UIRP.
It is important to note that expectations can vary and be shaped by different factors such as economic indicators, government policies, market sentiment, and investor behavior. The specific nature of expectations and their impact on CIRP and UIRP will depend on the particular circumstances and assumptions of the model being used.
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when deciding whether to sell as is or process a product further, mangers should ignore which of the following? A.The revenue if the product is sold as is
B.The cost of processing further
C.The costs of processing the product thus far
D.The revenue if the product is processed further
please choose one of the multiple choice.
When deciding whether to sell as is or process a product further, the managers should ignore the revenue if the product is sold as is. Hence, option A is the correct answer.
Further processing refers to the process of turning raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods. The finished goods are then marketed and distributed by the organization, while the semi-finished products are sold to other manufacturers or processed further.Processing of a product involves incurring additional expenses such as labor costs, material costs, processing costs, and transportation costs, etc., to improve the quality and value of the final product. Hence, cost of processing further and the costs of processing the product thus far are the important considerations when deciding whether to sell as is or process a product further. And, revenue if the product is processed further should also be taken into account while making the decision.
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Explain how signaling devices (e.g., containers or cards) are used in a Kanban system (Hint: recall the Kanban pull demo shown in the class meeting)
Signaling devices, such as containers or cards, are essential components of a Kanban system.
They are used to control the flow of materials or information in a production or inventory system. In a Kanban system, the signaling devices serve as visual cues to indicate when to produce or replenish certain items. When a downstream process or customer requires more items, they retrieve a signaling device, such as an empty container or a Kanban card, and send it to the upstream process or supplier. This signal communicates the need for more items to be produced or delivered. The upstream process or supplier then responds by replenishing the requested items and returning the signaling device to the downstream process. The signaling devices effectively create a pull system, where production or replenishment is triggered by actual demand or consumption. This helps to prevent overproduction and minimize inventory levels, leading to a more efficient and responsive production process.
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Read the articles on the cases "BCI Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Los Angeles v EEOC" and "Staub vs Hospital" posted in Week 1 in the Content Item entitled Title VII & Race: Directions & Subjects for Threaded Discussion.
Do you think that the companies in these cases should have been held liable in these anti-discrimination suits? Explain. You should have a substantive response explaining fully your view referencing the facts and rationale in the circumstances.
Are there "checks" a company should put in place to prevent these types of circumstances? Consider this question in light of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Staub vs Proctur Hospital. Provide and discuss at least two specific checks a company might have.
How does this concept of upper management signing off on an employment action relying on a subordinate that may have engaged in discrimination fit with the idea of personal accountability and responsibility of CEOs and CFOs as legislated in Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302? (Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302 requires the CEO & CFO to certify in each annual or quarterly report that they have reviewed the report, and based on the officer's knowledge, (1) the report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact, base on the officer's knowledge, (2) the financial statements and other financial information included in the report, fairly presents the financial condition and result of operations of the company. SOX then has penalties such as forfeiture of certain bonuses and profits for material noncompliance.)
In the cases of BCI Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Los Angeles v EEOC and Staub v Hospital, the question of whether the companies should be held liable in anti-discrimination suits arises. The answer to this question depends on the specific facts and circumstances of each case. In BCI Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Los Angeles v EEOC, the company was held liable for race discrimination due to the actions of its employees, while in Staub v Hospital, the Supreme Court held the employer responsible for the discriminatory actions of a supervisor.
In BCI Coca-Cola Bottling Co. of Los Angeles v EEOC, the company was held liable because there was evidence of a discriminatory work environment and the company failed to take appropriate action to prevent or address it. The court determined that the company should have known about the discriminatory actions and should have taken steps to prevent them.
Similarly, in Staub v Hospital, the Supreme Court held the employer responsible for the discriminatory actions of a supervisor. The court found that the supervisor's discriminatory motives influenced the ultimate employment decision, even though the decision-maker may not have had discriminatory intent.
This case emphasized the concept of "cat's paw" liability, where an employer can be held accountable for the discriminatory actions of its employees, including supervisors.
To prevent such circumstances, companies should implement checks and policies. Two specific checks include:
Anti-Discrimination Training: Companies should provide comprehensive training on anti-discrimination policies and practices to all employees, including supervisors and managers. This training should cover the importance of fair and unbiased decision-making, recognizing and addressing discriminatory behavior, and the company's commitment to equal employment opportunities.
Effective Complaint and Reporting Mechanisms: Establishing clear procedures for reporting discrimination complaints, including multiple channels for employees to report incidents, is crucial.
Companies should ensure that employees feel comfortable and safe when reporting discrimination and that there will be a prompt and thorough investigation of complaints. Additionally, implementing a non-retaliation policy is essential to protect employees who report discrimination.
Regarding the concept of upper management signing off on an employment action that relies on a subordinate who may have engaged in discrimination, it poses challenges to the idea of personal accountability and responsibility of CEOs and CFOs under Sarbanes-Oxley Section 302.
Sarbanes-Oxley focuses primarily on financial reporting and disclosure requirements, rather than employment practices. However, the principles of personal accountability and responsibility mandated by Sarbanes-Oxley can extend to ensuring a company's commitment to fair employment practices.
CEOs and CFOs should be vigilant in overseeing and monitoring employment decisions to ensure compliance with anti-discrimination laws and prevent potential legal and reputational risks. This includes establishing appropriate checks and balances within the organization to prevent discriminatory actions and promptly addressing any concerns or violations that arise.
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Assume the following data for Peanut-Chocolate Company on December 31, 2020:
Total Credit Sales P150,000,000
Bad Debt Percentage of Credit Sales 3%
How much is the estimated uncollectibles?
a. P4,500,000
b. P4,400,000
c. P50,000,000
d. None of the above
e. P4,450,000
The estimated uncollectibles for Peanut-Chocolate Company on December 31, 2020 would be P4,500,000.
To calculate the estimated uncollectibles, we multiply the total credit sales by the bad debt percentage: P150,000,000 * 0.03 = P4,500,000. This represents the portion of credit sales that the company anticipates will not be collected due to customer defaults or non-payment. Therefore, the correct answer is option a. P4,500,000.
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What are some challenges for a strategy via Business Ecosystem?
Business Ecosystem is a network of companies that collaborates with each other to provide a comprehensive product or service to the customer. The main objective of the Business Ecosystem is to increase the sales, revenue and customer satisfaction of the business.
Developing a business ecosystem can be a challenging task for any company. The following are the challenges for a strategy via Business Ecosystem:1. Inter-organizational cooperation: When companies collaborate with each other, there might be conflicts in the decisions taken. There might be disagreements on pricing, quality, customer service or any other aspect of the business. This might result in the collapse of the ecosystem, and it may cause a loss of customers.2. Competition: Collaboration among companies that are competitors can be challenging. They might share the same customer base, and there might be disagreements on the pricing, product quality and customer service. The companies must ensure that they maintain a balance between collaboration and competition.3. Coordination: The companies involved in the ecosystem must coordinate with each other to provide a seamless experience to the customer. They must ensure that there is a proper exchange of information and resources between the companies. The lack of coordination can result in the failure of the ecosystem.4. Trust: Trust is a crucial element of the Business Ecosystem. The companies must trust each other to provide the required resources and services to the customers. The companies must ensure that they maintain a high level of transparency in their operations.5. Technology: Implementing a Business Ecosystem requires the use of technology. The companies must ensure that they have the required technological infrastructure to implement the ecosystem. The companies must ensure that they keep up with the changing technological trends and upgrade their infrastructure regularly.
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2) Imagine you are an Investor in the Stock Market. Identify three companies in the Korean Stock Market (KOSPI) where you would like to invest. Focus specially on their CEO's characteristics and decisions and explain it using the content we have studied (TIGER MANAGEMENT).
The CEOs of Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor Company, and SK Hynix have demonstrated strong leadership qualities, made strategic decisions aligned with market dynamics, and fostered a culture of innovation and customer-centricity. These characteristics and decisions have played a significant role in the success of these companies and make them attractive investment opportunities in the Korean Stock Market.
As an investor in the stock market, three companies in the Korean Stock Market (KOSPI) where I would like to invest are Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor Company, and SK Hynix. These companies are known for their strong leadership and successful track records, which can be attributed to the characteristics and decisions of their CEOs.
1. Samsung Electronics: The CEO of Samsung Electronics, such as Lee Kun-hee (former CEO) and Lee Jae-yong (current CEO), has played a crucial role in the company's success. They have demonstrated visionary leadership by consistently driving innovation and technological advancements in the electronics industry. The company's strategic decisions, such as investing heavily in research and development and fostering a culture of continuous improvement, have enabled Samsung to maintain its competitive edge. This aligns with the principles of Tiger Management, which emphasizes the importance of strong leadership and strategic decision-making for long-term success.
2. Hyundai Motor Company: Hyundai's CEO, Euisun Chung, has been instrumental in transforming the company into a global automotive powerhouse. Under his leadership, Hyundai has focused on producing high-quality vehicles with advanced features, appealing to a wide range of consumers. The CEO's emphasis on innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity has helped Hyundai gain market share and expand its presence globally. This aligns with the concept of Tiger Management, which emphasizes the importance of adapting to market dynamics and meeting customer demands to achieve sustainable growth.
3. SK Hynix: The CEO of SK Hynix, Seok-Hee Lee, has made strategic decisions to position the company as a leading global semiconductor manufacturer. Under his leadership, SK Hynix has invested in cutting-edge technologies and expanded its product portfolio to cater to the growing demand for memory solutions. The CEO's focus on research and development, strategic partnerships, and efficient supply chain management has contributed to the company's strong financial performance and market competitiveness. This reflects the principles of Tiger Management, which emphasize the importance of staying ahead of industry trends and making strategic investments to drive growth.
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Flexible working - list advantages and disadvantages of introducing flexible working. Limit each section to 2 factors / points
Flexible Working can be defined as the way of working that enables an employee to work from home, have an alternate start and finish time, work on a part-time basis, or work a compressed week.
The introduction of flexible working is a very important factor for employees to balance their work and personal life. Although the benefits of flexible working are immense, there are some negative consequences that can affect the company. Below are the advantages and disadvantages of flexible working.
Advantages of introducing flexible working.
1. Boost in job satisfaction: Introducing flexible working is an excellent way of boosting the morale of the workforce. Offering flexible working hours, compressed workweek, and working from home provides employees with a sense of freedom and a better work-life balance. This results in employees who feel appreciated and happy, which ultimately boosts productivity.
2. Increase in productivity: Offering flexible working can lead to increased productivity. If an employee has the flexibility to work from home or a remote location, it can result in fewer distractions and less time spent on commuting. In addition, compressed workweek and flexible working hours can motivate employees to be more productive.
Disadvantages of introducing flexible working.
1. Communication problems: Introducing flexible working can lead to communication problems, especially if the worker works from home or a remote location. It can become difficult to communicate and collaborate with colleagues or to participate in group meetings.
2. Decrease in face-to-face interaction: There is a significant decrease in face-to-face interaction when an employee works remotely or from home. This decrease in interaction can result in a lack of cohesion and team spirit amongst colleagues.
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Addams Co. purchased land as a factory site for $900,000. Addams paid $80,000 to tear down two buildings on the land. Salvage was sold for $5,400. Legal fees of $3,480 were paid for title investigation and making the purchase. Architect's fees were $31,200. Title insurance cost $2,400, and liability insurance during construction cost $2,600. Excavation cost $10,440. The contractor was paid $2,800,000. An assessment made by the city for pavement was $6,400. Interest costs during construction were $170,000.
The cost of the building that should be recorded by Addams Co. is
A) $3,014,240
B) $2,803,800
C) $2,813,200
D) $2,804,840
The cost of the building that should be recorded by Addams Co. is $2,803,800. (Option B)
To calculate the cost of the building, we need to sum up all the costs directly attributable to the construction of the building. These costs include the purchase price of the land, demolition costs, legal and insurance fees, architect's fees, excavation costs, contractor payment, assessment for pavement, and interest costs during construction.
Purchase price of land: $900,000
Demolition costs: $80,000
Legal fees: $3,480
Architect's fees: $31,200
Title insurance cost: $2,400
Liability insurance during construction: $2,600
Excavation costs: $10,440
Contractor payment: $2,800,000
Assessment for pavement: $6,400
Interest costs during construction: $170,000
Total cost of the building = $900,000 + $80,000 + $3,480 + $31,200 + $2,400 + $2,600 + $10,440 + $2,800,000 + $6,400 + $170,000 = $2,803,800
Therefore, the cost of the building that should be recorded by Addams Co. is $2,803,800, option (B).
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The IT demand is defining to deliver new capability to enable the business to remain competitive in the marketplace. Whether it is a "keep the lights on" or a "new channel to market" initiative, both places demands on (and compete) available IT resources. In fact, 84% of IT organizations do not have resources to meet enterprise expectations. There are two main strategies to face this Challenging, what are they and choose one of them for presen more explanation.
Resource optimization is a strategy aimed at maximizing the value and productivity of existing IT resources within the constraints of limited availability.
It involves identifying areas for improvement, streamlining processes, and eliminating inefficiencies to deliver better outcomes. By optimizing resource allocation, organizations can make the most of their current IT capabilities without incurring significant additional costs.
This strategy offers several benefits. Firstly, it allows IT teams to handle a higher workload and meet enterprise expectations without the need for immediate resource expansion. By improving efficiency, organizations can achieve more with the same resources, leading to increased productivity and cost savings.
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1).What purpose(s) does performing integrated cost and schedule risk analysis serve?
Integrated cost and schedule risk analysis is a technique used by project managers and planners to analyze the potential impact of risks on project schedules and costs. The analysis helps project managers to identify, assess, and mitigate the risks that could cause delays or cost overruns in a project
The purpose(s) of performing integrated cost and schedule risk analysis are:1. Identifying project risks: Through the integrated cost and schedule risk analysis, project managers can identify and evaluate potential risks that could impact the project schedule and cost. The analysis helps to identify risks that could cause delays or cost overruns and provides insights on the likelihood and impact of the risks.2. Quantifying risks: By analyzing the potential risks, project managers can quantify the impact of the risks on the project schedule and cost. The analysis helps project managers to estimate the potential cost overruns and delays that could result from the risks.3. Developing mitigation strategies: The analysis helps project managers to develop mitigation strategies to address the identified risks.
By evaluating the potential risks, project managers can develop mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of the risks on the project schedule and cost. The mitigation strategies could include risk sharing, risk transfer, risk acceptance, or risk reduction.
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Which country/countries objected to the NATO membership of
Finland and Norway? What could be the reasons for this objection?
Name the country/countries and discuss the reasons briefly
Countries like Russia have objected to Finland and Norway's NATO membership due to perceived encroachment and security concerns.
The specific countries that objected to the NATO membership of Finland and Norway are not mentioned in the prompt. However, there have been historical objections and concerns from neighboring countries such as Russia.
Russia has expressed opposition to NATO expansion due to its perception of encroachment on its sphere of influence and concerns about increased Western military presence near its borders. Russia sees NATO as a security threat and views its expansion as a challenge to its strategic interests. Additionally, there may be concerns about the potential impact of NATO membership on regional stability and the balance of power.
Objecting countries may also worry about potential military deployments and the establishment of military infrastructure near their borders. These objections reflect geopolitical dynamics and the complexities of security relationships in the region.
It is important to note that the specific reasons and objections can vary depending on the geopolitical context and perspectives of different countries.
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1.) What do you make of Mexico's unique constitutional feature that does not allow any official to run for reelection? What arguments can you make for it? Against it? Answer in at least 200 words.
Mexico's unique constitutional feature of not allowing any official to run for reelection has both proponents and critics, each with their own set of arguments.
Here are some perspectives on both sides:
Arguments for the Prohibition on Reelection:
1. Checks and b: Proponents argue that the prohibition on reelection ensures a separation of powers and prevents the concentration of power in the hands of a few individuals or political elites. It promotes the rotation of leadership, reducing the potential for corruption, authoritarianism, and the erosion of democratic principles.
2. Fresh Perspectives and New Ideas: The prohibition on reelection allows for new faces and fresh perspectives to enter the political arena. It promotes the infusion of new ideas, diversity, and innovation in governance, preventing stagnation and promoting dynamic leadership.
3. Opportunity for New Leaders: Proponents argue that by limiting the terms of incumbents, it creates opportunities for new leaders to emerge and contribute to the political landscape. This fosters a more competitive political environment, encouraging talent development and reducing the dominance of entrenched political figures.
Arguments against the Prohibition on Reelection:
1. Voter Choice and Representation: Critics argue that the prohibition restricts voter choice and undermines the principle of democratic representation. It denies the electorate the opportunity to reelect competent and effective officials who have proven themselves in their previous terms, thus limiting the voice of the voters.
2. Continuity and Stability: Critics contend that the prohibition disrupts the continuity and stability of governance. It can lead to a lack of experience and expertise, as new officials may require time to understand the complexities of their roles, potentially resulting in policy setbacks and inefficiencies.
3. Accountability: Critics argue that reelection allows for accountability. When officials are eligible for reelection, they are incentivized to perform well, deliver on promises, and respond to the needs of their constituents. Prohibiting reelection could weaken the incentives for officials to be accountable and responsive to the electorate.
In summary, the prohibition on reelection in Mexico's constitution has its justifications in terms of maintaining checks and balances, fostering new leadership, and preventing the concentration of power. However, critics argue that it restricts voter choice, disrupts continuity, and weakens accountability. Ultimately, the impact of this constitutional feature on Mexico's political landscape is a subject of ongoing debate and may require a careful balance between democratic principles and the need for fresh leadership.
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Need help answering the two question below
The company is Dollar Tree/family dollar
Satisfaction of Three Stakeholders: 1. Identify any three stakeholders in the organization affected by the proposed change. 2. Explain how the proposed change will satisfy each of the three stakeholders identified.
By considering the needs and expectations of customers, employees, and shareholders, Dollar Tree/Family Dollar can implement a proposed change that satisfies these stakeholders.
Three stakeholders in Dollar Tree/Family Dollar affected by the proposed change:
a) Customers: Customers are a crucial stakeholder for Dollar Tree/Family Dollar. They are directly impacted by any changes in the organization's operations or offerings.
b) Employees: Employees play a vital role in the success of Dollar Tree/Family Dollar. Their satisfaction and well-being are important for maintaining productivity and ensuring smooth operations.
c) Shareholders/Investors: Shareholders and investors have a financial stake in Dollar Tree/Family Dollar. They are interested in the company's profitability and long-term growth.
How the proposed change will satisfy each of the three stakeholders identified:
a) Customers: The proposed change in Dollar Tree/Family Dollar can focus on improving customer experience, offering a wider range of products, enhancing store layouts, or introducing new services.
By implementing these changes, Dollar Tree/Family Dollar can provide customers with a better shopping experience, increased product variety, and improved convenience, thereby satisfying their needs and preferences.
b) Employees: The proposed change can involve initiatives to enhance employee training and development programs, provide opportunities for career advancement, or improve work-life balance.
By investing in employee growth and well-being, Dollar Tree/Family Dollar can boost employee morale, job satisfaction, and motivation. This, in turn, can lead to higher employee productivity, lower turnover rates, and a positive work environment.
c) Shareholders/Investors: The proposed change may focus on strategies to drive revenue growth, increase market share, or enhance operational efficiency.
By implementing effective changes, Dollar Tree/Family Dollar can demonstrate its commitment to long-term profitability and financial success. This can attract and retain investors, leading to increased shareholder value and confidence in the company's ability to generate returns.
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Question 23. Save Answe In a certain estimation equation in regression analysis where is predicted sales and X is advertising expenditures, a coolicient of determination of 0.40 ans that 40% of the changes in sales is explained by changes in planned advertising expenditures True False
The statement “a coefficient of determination of 0.40 means that 40% of the changes in sales is explained by changes in planned advertising expenditures” is TRUE.
A coefficient of determination of 0.40 means that 40% of the variation in the dependent variable (sales) can be explained by the independent variable (advertising expenditures). This suggests that changes in advertising expenditures explain 40% of the variation in sales.
The coefficient of determination is represented by the symbol R². It is a statistical measure of how well the regression line fits the data points in a scatterplot. It ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 represents a perfect fit, and 0 represents no relationship between the dependent and independent variables.
The coefficient of determination can be calculated as the square of the correlation coefficient between the dependent and independent variables. It represents the proportion of the total variation in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variable(s). The remaining 60% of the variation in sales is likely due to other factors that are not included in the model or are not accounted for by the independent variable. TRUE
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If the economy is at the ZLB, would a decrease in costs (ξ )
help the economy?
If the economy is at the Zero Lower Bound (ZLB), then a decrease in costs (ξ) would help the economy. It is because the decrease in costs would help in raising the inflation expectations and hence improve the economic conditions. The ZLB refers to the lowest interest rate, which cannot be lessened any further by monetary policy.
At this point, the central banks find it challenging to implement the monetary policy for further economic growth. Due to the inapplicability of the monetary policy, the economy faces a threat of deflation. Therefore, if there is a decrease in the costs, it would lead to the improved productivity of the firms, which in turn can help increase the aggregate demand, ultimately leading to higher inflation and economic growth.
In the case of a ZLB, an increase in aggregate demand is difficult to achieve through monetary policy measures since interest rates cannot go below zero, leading to a decline in the effectiveness of conventional monetary policies to address deflationary tendencies in the economy. Thus, decreasing costs of production is one of the few available measures that can be implemented to achieve an increase in aggregate demand at ZLB.
Decreasing costs of production would lead to the production of goods and services at lower costs, which in turn would lead to lower prices for consumers. Lower prices would then increase aggregate demand by allowing consumers to purchase more goods and services. Moreover, the lower costs of production would enable businesses to increase their production levels, leading to the employment of more people and, therefore, increasing their wages. This leads to an increase in disposable income, which then leads to an increase in consumer spending, further increasing the aggregate demand in the economy.
In conclusion, if the economy is at ZLB, a decrease in costs would help the economy by raising the inflation expectations, improving the economic conditions, increasing aggregate demand, and promoting economic growth.
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Mohammed requires funds to purchase Villa. The Villa will cost BHD 75,000 to construct. Mariam, his wife, has up to BHD 20,000 in savings but need an extra BHD 55,000 in finance. Mohammed is aware that he may borrow from any bank in Bahrain, but he prefers Shariah-compliant financing. However, Mohammed is unaware of the remarkable product in Islamic Banking, therefore Mohammed asks your assistance on how he might finance his property
A. Signing a Murabaha contract is one of Mohamed's Islamic contract options, therefore discuss how Murabaha's fundamental rules differ from traditional bank loans
B. The other alternative is using diminishing Musharaka. discuss how he might finance his property mention the cost of the house and the bank financing percentage in your discussion
By utilizing diminishing Musharaka, Mohammed can gradually acquire full ownership of the property while adhering to Islamic financing principles. The specific terms and conditions of the diminishing Musharaka arrangement would be det
A. Murabaha Contract:
In a Murabaha contract, the fundamental rules differ from traditional bank loans in the following ways:
Nature of the Transaction: Murabaha is an Islamic financing contract based on the sale of goods with a known cost and profit margin. The bank acts as a seller, purchasing the property on behalf of the customer and selling it to the customer at an agreed-upon price, including a profit margin. In contrast, traditional bank loans involve lending money with an interest-based repayment structure.
Transparency: In Murabaha, the cost and profit margin of the property are disclosed to the customer upfront, ensuring transparency in the transaction. Traditional bank loans involve interest charges that may not be fully transparent to the borrower.
Ownership: In a Murabaha contract, the bank initially owns the property and sells it to the customer on deferred payment terms. The customer takes ownership of the property upon full payment. In traditional bank loans, the borrower takes ownership of the funds provided by the bank.
B. Diminishing Musharaka:
Mohammed can also consider financing his property through diminishing Musharaka, which is a form of partnership financing. Here's how it might work:
Cost of the House: The cost of the house is BHD 75,000.
Bank Financing Percentage: Let's assume the bank agrees to finance 80% of the property value.
Musharaka Partnership: Mohammed and the bank enter into a Musharaka partnership, where both parties contribute capital for the purchase of the property. The bank contributes 80% of the property value (BHD 60,000) and Mohammed contributes the remaining 20% (BHD 15,000).
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