The NPV of the project is -$5,841,343.46. To calculate the NPV, we need to discount the unlevered cash flows from the equipment at the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
First, we calculate the cost of equity using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM): Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta × Expected Market Risk Premium = 4.6% + Beta × 6.3% Given that the covariance between the stock returns and the market portfolio is 0.0516, we can use the formula for beta: Finally, we discount the unlevered cash flows using the WACC and calculate the NPV: NPV = Sum of Discounted Cash Flows - Initial Investment = ($19.4 million / (1 + WACC)^1) + ($19.4 million / (1 + WACC)^2) + ... + ($19.4 million / (1 + WACC)^5) - $59 million Calculating all the values and summing up the discounted cash flows, we find the NPV of the project to be -$5,841,343.46. This indicates that the project is expected to result in a negative net present value and may not be a financially viable investment.
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By using a common size income statement, a financial analyst might discover that:
Group of answer choices
The company's operating margin has increased for two years in a row
The company's adjusted earnings per share missed Street expectations last quarter
The company has been aggressively repurchasing its shares
A company's growth rate has been decelerating for the last two years
A common size income statement is a financial statement that exhibits the individual component amounts as percentages of a total. It is the proportionate part of the financial statement. The analyst might discover some interesting facts with the help of a common size income statement.
The following are some of the points that could be found with the help of a common size income statement:1. The company's growth rate has been decelerating for the last two years A company's common size income statement can provide information about the change in percentage of individual items in the income statement over the years. The analysis of this data can reveal whether the growth of the company has been decelerating.2. The company has been aggressively repurchasing its shares A company's common size income statement can provide information on the percentage of income used for repurchasing shares.
If the percentage is high, it can be concluded that the company is aggressively repurchasing its shares.3. The company's operating margin has increased for two years in a row A company's common size income statement can provide information about the change in percentage of individual items in the income statement over the years. The analysis of this data can reveal whether the company's operating margin has increased for two years in a row.4. The company's adjusted earnings per share missed Street expectations last quarter A company's common size income statement cannot provide information on whether the company's adjusted earnings per share missed street expectations last quarter.
It can only provide information on the percentage of earnings per share in the income statement. Hence, option D, that is, "A company's growth rate has been decelerating for the last two years," is the correct answer.
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Where does strategy formulation fit within the POLC framework? Group of answer choices
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
The correct answer is "Planning". Strategy formulation fits within the "Planning" stage of the POLC (Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling) framework.
In this stage, organizations analyze their current situation, set goals, and develop strategies to achieve those goals. Strategy formulation involves assessing internal and external factors, identifying opportunities and threats, and formulating a comprehensive plan to guide the organization's actions.
It includes determining the organization's mission, vision, and values, as well as setting strategic objectives and outlining the steps required to achieve them. Once the strategy is formulated, it serves as a roadmap for the subsequent stages of organizing, leading, and controlling, providing guidance and direction for the organization's activities.
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Question 1 (50marks)
Write a short note to explain these concepts:
(a) Safety
(b) Accident
(c) Injury
(d) Hazard
(e) Incident
(a) Safety: Safety refers to the condition of being protected from harm, danger, or risk. It encompasses a broad range of measures and practices aimed at preventing accidents, injuries, and other adverse events.
Safety can be ensured through various means such as implementing safety protocols, providing training, using appropriate protective equipment, maintaining equipment and infrastructure, and promoting a safety culture within organizations. The goal of safety is to minimize the likelihood of accidents and injuries, creating an environment that prioritizes the well-being and security of individuals.
(b) Accident:
An accident is an unplanned, unforeseen event that results in damage, injury, or loss. Accidents can occur in various settings, including workplaces, homes, roads, and public spaces. They are typically caused by a combination of factors, such as unsafe conditions, human error, or equipment failure. Accidents can range in severity from minor incidents with no significant consequences to major disasters with severe impacts on human life and the environment.
(c) Injury:
An injury refers to physical harm or damage caused to a person's body as a result of an accident, violence, or other traumatic events. Injuries can range from minor cuts, bruises, and sprains to more severe conditions like fractures, burns, or head trauma. They can lead to pain, disability, or even death. Prompt medical attention is often required to assess and treat injuries appropriately.
(d) Hazard:
A hazard is any potential source or situation that has the capacity to cause harm, injury, or damage. Hazards can be present in various forms, such as physical (e.g., slippery floors), chemical (e.g., toxic substances), biological (e.g., infectious agents), ergonomic (e.g., improper lifting techniques), or psychological (e.g., high-stress environments). Identifying hazards is a critical step in risk assessment and management, allowing measures to be taken to minimize or eliminate their potential harm.
(e) Incident:
An incident refers to any unplanned or unexpected event or occurrence that disrupts the normal course of activities or operations. Incidents can include accidents, near misses, equipment failures, security breaches, natural disasters, or any other event that requires attention or investigation. While incidents may or may not result in injuries or damage, they should be reported, analyzed, and addressed to prevent future occurrences and improve safety and security measures. Incident management involves the systematic handling of incidents, including reporting, response, mitigation, and recovery processes.
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Using the information from problem 1, if Heavey desires to reduce their number of containers to eight, how does this impact the system? What has to change, if it assumed that demand, container size, and safety stock percentage don't change, and what is that change?
If Heavey desires to reduce their number of containers to eight while keeping the demand, container size, and safety stock percentage unchanged, it will have a significant impact on the system.
The change required in this scenario is to adjust the reorder point, which determines when to place an order for new containers.
The reorder point is typically calculated by multiplying the lead time demand by the safety stock percentage and adding it to the lead time. However, since the problem states that the demand, container size, and safety stock percentage remain constant, the only variable that can be adjusted is the number of containers.
To determine the new reorder point, the lead time demand needs to be recalculated based on the reduced number of containers. The lead time demand is the average demand during the lead time, which is the time it takes to receive a new order of containers.
By dividing the total demand by the reduced number of containers (from 10 to 8), the lead time demand per container can be determined. Then, this lead time demand per container is multiplied by the lead time to obtain the new reorder point.
The change in this case is a lower reorder point due to the reduced number of containers. This means that the company will need to place orders for new containers earlier in order to maintain the desired level of inventory.
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You are guaranteed to receive $35,000 in two years. Instead of spending the money, you are going to invest it in a bank account at 9%.
If you take the money and invest it, how many years from today will it be worth $170,000.(Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 12.21.)
The number of years from today will be worth $170,000 is 9.17 years (approximately) or 9 years and 2 months.
The present value (PV) is given, and the future value (FV) is sought, with interest compounded annually over time t.
The formula for future value (FV) is:
FV = PV(1 + r)n
where r is the interest rate,
and n is the number of periods.
To calculate the time, we need to rearrange the formula and solve for n. Hence, the formula will be:
n = log(FV / PV) / log(1 + r)
Substituting the given values, we get:
n = log(170000 / 35000) / log(1 + 0.09) = 9.17
Therefore, In approximately 9.17 years, or 9 years and 2 months, from today, $170,000 will be worth.
Note: In this particular case, the interest is compounded annually, so the formula for the annual interest rate will be used. If the interest is compounded quarterly, semi-annually, or monthly, the formula will change accordingly.
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What account type should you use to record a five-year loan used
to purchase a vehicle for your business?
A. Expense.
B. Long-Term Liabilities.
C. Equity.
D. Income.
B. Long-Term Liabilities is the correct option. The account type that should be used to record a five-year loan used to purchase a vehicle for your business is B. Long-Term Liabilities.
When a business takes out a loan to finance a long-term asset, such as a vehicle, the loan amount represents a liability for the business. Since the loan has a term of five years, it falls under the category of long-term liabilities. Long-term liabilities are obligations that are not due within the next year and typically have repayment terms extending beyond the current operating cycle of the business.
Recording the loan as a long-term liability allows for proper tracking of the debt and its repayment over the duration of the loan term. This classification ensures that the financial statements accurately reflect the business's financial position and provides transparency to stakeholders regarding the long-term obligations of the business. Using the long-term liabilities account type also helps in distinguishing the loan from expenses, equity, or income, which are different categories of accounts that serve other purposes in the financial accounting process.
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On June 30, 2021, Streeter Company reported the following account balances: $ 73,650 Current liabilities Receivables Inventory 72,250 Long-term liabilities 81,300 Common stock Buildings (net) Equipment (net) Total assets $ (10,600) (55,500) (90,000) (100,000) 28,900 Retained earnings $ 256,100 Total liabilities and equities $ (256,100) On June 30, 2021,
Streeter Company is a hypothetical company. As per the given balance sheet, the current liabilities of the company are $73,650. The company has current assets of $72,250. There are long-term liabilities of $81,300. Common stock, buildings (net), and equipment (net) are also provided, along with total assets.
Total liabilities and equities are also provided. Finally, the company has a retained earnings balance of $256,100 as of June 30, 2021.Current assets are assets that a company can quickly convert to cash, such as cash itself or accounts receivable. On the other hand, long-term liabilities are obligations that a company expects to pay over a long period of time, typically more than a year. Common stock is the ownership interest in a corporation, whereas buildings and equipment are long-term assets that a company uses to produce goods or services. In addition, retained earnings represent a company's accumulated net income that has not been distributed as dividends to shareholders.
Total liabilities and equities, which includes all of a company's liabilities and ownership interest, must equal the company's total assets. In this example, the company has more liabilities than assets, indicating that it may be in financial trouble.
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Griffin’s Goat Farm, Incorporated, Has Sales Of $694,000, Costs Of $395,000, Depreciation Expense Of $36,000, Interest Expense Of $19,000, And A Tax Rate Of 22 Percent. The Firm Paid Out $100,000 In Cash Dividends, And Has 40,000 Shares Of Common Stock Outstanding. What Is The Earnings Per Share, Or EPS, Figure? What Is The Dividends Per Share Figure?
Griffin’s Goat Farm, Incorporated, has sales of $694,000, costs of $395,000, depreciation expense of $36,000, interest expense of $19,000, and a tax rate of 22 percent. The firm paid out $100,000 in cash dividends, and has 40,000 shares of common stock outstanding.
What is the earnings per share, or EPS, figure?
What is the dividends per share figure?
The earnings per share (EPS) figure is calculated by dividing the net income available to common shareholders by the number of shares outstanding.
The dividends per share figure is calculated by dividing the total dividends paid out to common shareholders by the number of shares outstanding. To calculate EPS: Net income = Sales - Costs - Depreciation Expense - Interest Expense - Taxes Net income = $694,000 - $395,000 - $36,000 - $19,000 - (0.22 * ($694,000 - $395,000 - $36,000 - $19,000)) Net income = $694,000 - $395,000 - $36,000 - $19,000 - $60,600 Net income = $183,400 EPS = Net Income / Number of Shares Outstanding EPS = $183,400 / 40,000 EPS = $4.59 per share To calculate dividends per share: Dividends per share = Total Dividends Paid / Number of Shares Outstanding Dividends per share = $100,000 / 40,000 Dividends per share = $2.50 per share The earnings per share (EPS) figure represents the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.
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To enhance control over both revenues and expenditures, a government healthcare district incorporates its budget in its accounting system and encumbers all commitments. You have been asked to assist the district in making the entries to record the following transactions:
(a) Prior to the start of the year, the governing board adopted a budget in which agency revenues were estimated at $6,200 (all dollar amounts in this exercise are expressed in thousands) and expenditures of $5,940 were appropriated (authorized). Record the budget using only the control (summary) accounts.
(b) During the year, the district engaged in the following transactions. Prepare appropriate journal entries.
(1) It collected $6,350 in fees, grants, taxes, and other revenues.
(2) It ordered goods and services for $3,450. Except in special circumstances it classifies reserves for encumbrances as "assigned" fund balance.
(3) During the year, it received and paid for $3,100 worth of goods and services that had been previously encumbered. It expects to receive the remaining $400 in the following year.
(4) It incurred $2,700 in other expenditures for goods and services that had not been encumbered.
(c) Prepare appropriate year‐end closing entries.
(d) Prepare a balance sheet showing the status of the year‐end asset and fund balance accounts.
(e) Per the policy of the district's board, the cost of all goods and services is to be charged against the budget of the year in which they are received, even if they had been ordered (and encumbered) in a previous year. The next year, to simplify the accounting for the commitments made in the prior year, the district reinstated the encumbrances outstanding at year‐end. Prepare the appropriate entry.
(f) During the year, the district received the remaining encumbered goods and services. However, the total cost was only $325, lower than the encumbrance. Prepare the appropriate entries.
In accrual accounting, the recording of government revenues and expenses and the preparation of financial statements are crucial.
It is necessary for the government to have a good accounting system to ensure that it tracks all of its revenue and expenses. In this problem, we will use the following accounting concepts: Control (summary) account Encumbrance Assigned fund balance Revenue recognition Expenses The following are the entries that need to be made to record the government healthcare district's transactions:(a) The budget for agency revenues of $6,200 and expenditures of $5,940 is recorded using only the control (summary) accounts.
Debit and credit accounts are created for revenues and expenses respectively. No cash transaction is involved.
Debit: Estimated Revenues Control $6,200Credit: Appropriations Control $5,940Credit: Budgetary Fund Balance - Unassigned $260(b) Journal entries for the following transactions: Revenue collection worth $6,350 is credited to the revenue account.
Debit: Cash $6,350Credit: Revenues $6,350The district encumbers $3,450 worth of goods and services. Encumbrances are recorded as a liability until the order is completed.
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This assessment encourages students to analyse the differing and often competing perspectives of industrial relations stakeholders on an issue of key importance to business, individuals and society at large. This session you are required to research the prevalence and impact of insecure work.
The assessment encourages students to:
Provide a critical perspective of the academic literature on a topic.
Construct an informed and analytical response to the question.
Utilise and conform to the principles of academic rigour in the production of an acceptable, formal response to the question.
In this assessment, students are required to analyze the prevalence and impact of insecure work while considering the perspectives of industrial relations stakeholders.
They are expected to critically review academic literature, construct an informed and analytical response, and adhere to the principles of academic rigor in their formal response to the question.The assessment prompts students to delve into the topic of insecure work and its implications from multiple angles.
They are encouraged to explore and evaluate scholarly literature to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject. This involves critically examining the existing research, identifying differing viewpoints, and recognizing the potential conflicts of interest among industrial relations stakeholders. By doing so, students can develop an informed and analytical response that takes into account the complexities and nuances of the issue.
The assessment emphasizes the importance of adhering to academic rigor in the production of their formal response. This entails applying the principles of scholarly research, such as using credible sources, referencing appropriately, structuring their arguments coherently, and presenting evidence-based insights.
By conforming to these principles, students can ensure the credibility and reliability of their analysis, strengthening the overall quality of their response to the question posed.
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A retailer is having a sale and allows its customers to choose between the following 2 options: i) The customer can pay 92% of the purchse price in 9 months, or ii) the customer can pay now and take X% off the purchase price A customer is indifferent between the 2 choices when they are valued using an annual effective interest rate of 7%. A) 3.2 B) 4.9 C) 8.7 D) 12.6 E) 14.0
The percentage reduction in price is 4.9%.
Let X% be the percentage reduction of the purchase price.
The annual effective interest rate of 7% can be written as 0.07 in decimal.
To find the equivalent annual effective interest rate for option
(i) let R be the principal repayment at the end of 9 months. Then the present value of the payment is:
PV = R/(1 + 0.07(9/12)) + R/(1 + 0.07(18/12)) + ... + R/(1 + 0.07(81/12))PV = R(1/(1 + 0.07(9/12)) + 1/(1 + 0.07(18/12)) + ... + 1/(1 + 0.07(81/12)))
This is a geometric sequence, so we can use the formula to find the sum of the sequence:
PV = R[1 - (1 + 0.07(9/12))^(-7.5)]/[1 - (1 + 0.07/12)^(-7.5)]
The first option has a value of:
PV = R[1 - (1 + 0.07(9/12))^(-7.5)]/[1 - (1 + 0.07/12)^(-7.5)] = 0.92P
To find the equivalent annual effective interest rate for option
ii) the following formula will be used:
1 - X% = (1 - 0.07)P1 - X%
= 0.93PP
= (1 - X%)/0.93
The second option has a value of: P = (1 - X%)/0.93
A customer is indifferent between the two choices when they have the same present value. Therefore, we will set the two equations equal to each other:0.92
P = (1 - X%)/0.93
Solving for X%: X% = 4.9
So, the percentage reduction in price is 4.9%.
Therefore, option B) 4.9% is the correct option.
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If an effective Union is in place - is HR a necessary role? Explain and discuss.
If an effective union is in place, HR (Human Resources) still plays a crucial role within an organization. While the union represents the collective interests of employees and negotiates on their behalf, HR serves a broader function that goes beyond the scope of union activities.
Here are a few reasons why HR remains necessary even with an effective union:
Compliance and Legal Requirements: HR is responsible for ensuring the organization complies with labor laws, employment regulations, and other legal requirements. They handle matters such as payroll, benefits administration, record-keeping, and employee documentation. These responsibilities are essential regardless of the presence of a union.
Talent Acquisition and Recruitment: HR is involved in attracting and recruiting talent, conducting interviews, and selecting candidates. While the union may have a say in certain aspects of the hiring process, HR still performs vital functions like screening applicants, managing job postings, and ensuring a fair and consistent recruitment process.
Training and Development: HR plays a key role in employee training and development. They design and implement training programs, conduct performance evaluations, and provide opportunities for skill enhancement. These activities contribute to the overall growth and effectiveness of the workforce, independent of union-related training initiatives.
Employee Relations: While the union focuses on collective bargaining and addressing issues related to terms and conditions of employment, HR is responsible for fostering positive employee relations across the organization. They handle employee grievances, mediate conflicts, and promote a healthy work environment.
Organizational Development: HR is involved in strategic planning, organizational restructuring, and change management. They contribute to the development and implementation of policies, procedures, and initiatives that align with the organization's goals and values. This function is vital for the long-term success and sustainability of the organization.
In summary, HR remains necessary even with an effective union because it fulfills a wide range of responsibilities related to compliance, talent management, employee development, and organizational effectiveness. While the union focuses on representing employee interests collectively, HR ensures the organization operates in accordance with legal requirements, recruits and develops talent, and maintains positive employee relations. Both functions complement each other and contribute to the overall success of the organization.
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The Security Market Line relates: Multiple Choice expected return to standard deviation. expected return of securities to expected return of portfolios. efficient sets of portfolios to the risk-free rate. expected return to beta.
The Security Market Line (SML) relates to the expected return to beta.
The SML represents the graphical relationship between the expected return of a security or asset and its systematic risk, as measured by beta. It is a fundamental concept in finance and is based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The SML helps determine the required return for an investment given its level of systematic risk.
The SML does not directly relate to the standard deviation of returns, the expected return of portfolios, or efficient sets of portfolios to the risk-free rate. These concepts are relevant in other areas of finance but are not specifically addressed by the SML.
In summary, the SML primarily focuses on the relationship between the expected return of an asset and its beta, enabling investors to assess the appropriate compensation for systematic risk.
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Which of the following is an example of churn? Jasmine is promoted from HR Representative to HR Manager. Steve transfers from the finance department to the accounting department. Maya leaves her employer after being unsatisfied with her pay rate. Brent is unhappy with a project that was added to his workload.
Maya leaving her employer after being unsatisfied with her pay rate is an example of churn.
Churn refers to the rate at which customers or employees discontinue their relationship with a company or organization. In this case, Maya leaving her employer due to dissatisfaction with her pay rate is an example of churn. Maya's decision to leave the company indicates a form of attrition or turnover, where an individual voluntarily separates from their employment. Churn can have various causes, including dissatisfaction with compensation, work conditions, career growth opportunities, or other factors that lead individuals to seek alternatives outside of their current organization.
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Are you optimizing your hotel operations?
How do you integrate online and social media touchpoints, customer information and insights across your entire hotel?
What are you doing to make sure you are putting the customer at the center of your supply chain planning and execution every time in hotel?
How are you realizing the benefits of open collaboration – within your hotel, with customers and with partners?
How are you optimizing your digital and physical components across all aspects of your hotel operating model?
Discuss in detail
1. Integrating Online and Social Media Touchpoints:
Hotels can integrate online and social media touchpoints to enhance customer engagement and gather valuable insights. This can be achieved through various strategies:
- Robust Online Presence: Maintaining an updated and visually appealing website, along with active social media profiles, allows hotels to provide information, engage with customers, and showcase their offerings.
- Social Media Listening: Monitoring social media platforms enables hotels to gather feedback, identify trends, and address customer concerns promptly. It also helps in understanding customer preferences and expectations.
- Online Booking Platforms: Integrating with online travel agencies (OTAs) and implementing a seamless online booking system provides convenience to customers and expands the hotel's reach.
- Personalized Communication: Utilizing customer data and insights, hotels can tailor their marketing messages, special offers, and loyalty programs to individual preferences and needs.
2. Customer-Centric Supply Chain Planning:
To place the customer at the center of supply chain planning and execution, hotels can consider the following:
- Demand Forecasting: Utilizing historical data, market trends, and customer feedback to forecast demand accurately. This ensures that the right products and services are available when and where customers need them.
- Collaboration with Suppliers: Developing strong relationships with suppliers and involving them in the planning process can help align supply chain activities with customer requirements.
- Flexible Inventory Management: Implementing systems that allow real-time inventory tracking and dynamic allocation to respond to customer demand fluctuations effectively.
- Efficient Delivery and Logistics: Optimizing logistics and delivery processes to ensure timely and accurate fulfillment of customer orders and requests.
3. Open Collaboration:
Open collaboration fosters innovation and enhances customer experiences. Hotels can engage in the following practices:
- Internal Collaboration: Encouraging cross-functional collaboration within the hotel, involving teams from different departments, such as marketing, operations, and customer service, to share insights and work together to improve customer satisfaction.
- Customer Engagement: Actively seeking customer feedback through surveys, focus groups, or social media interactions and incorporating their ideas and suggestions into decision-making processes.
- Partnerships: Collaborating with technology partners, service providers, and local businesses to enhance the hotel's offerings and provide a seamless experience throughout the customer journey.
4. Optimizing Digital and Physical Components:
Hotels can optimize their digital and physical components to create a cohesive and efficient operating model:
- Seamless Technology Integration: Implementing an integrated property management system (PMS) that connects various hotel operations such as reservations, front desk, housekeeping, and food and beverage. This streamlines operations and provides a unified view of customer interactions.
- Enhanced Guest Experience: Leveraging digital solutions such as mobile check-in, in-room automation, personalized recommendations, and mobile concierge services to enhance guest satisfaction and convenience.
- Data-driven Decision Making: Utilizing data analytics and business intelligence tools to gain insights into customer behavior, preferences, and trends. This enables hotels to make informed decisions and tailor their offerings accordingly.
- Continuous Improvement: Embracing a culture of continuous improvement by regularly assessing operational efficiency, guest feedback, and industry trends. This allows hotels to identify areas for optimization and implement changes accordingly.
It's important to note that each hotel's approach may vary based on its unique characteristics, target market, and business objectives. The adoption of these strategies should be tailored to the specific needs and capabilities of the hotel to maximize their effectiveness.
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Discuss how DMAIC might be used in your personal life. For instance if you wanted to improve a skill, how could you use DMAIC to you benefit?
DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control
DMAIC can be used in many areas of life. This includes personal growth and development.
DMAIC is a process improvement model that is used to improve the quality and efficiency of a process.
DMAIC is a five-step process that is designed to identify, analyze, and eliminate defects in a process. It is used to identify and correct errors in a process.
Define: Discuss how DMAIC might be used in your personal life DMAIC can be used in personal life to improve a skill. For instance, if you wanted to improve a skill, you could use DMAIC to your benefit. Define the skill you want to improve. It means setting clear goals and objectives. Ask yourself what you want to achieve with this skill.
Measurement: Measure your current level of performance in the skill you want to improve. This step involves identifying the baseline for your current performance level. Identify and record the data and determine how to measure success.
Analyze: Analyze your current skill level. It is important to understand the root causes of your weaknesses. Identify the problems that are causing your poor performance.
Improve: This step involves identifying the best ways to improve your skill. Determine the possible solutions to address the problems you have identified. Select the best solution.
Control: After implementing the solution, control is the final step. Control involves ensuring that the process is maintained and monitored. This helps to ensure that the improvement is sustainable.
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The typical production possibil ty curve shows opportunity costs, meaning that if a nation produces more of one good, if will reguire giving up an amount of production of another good. You can check your answer 3 more times before the ruestion is locked. The exhibits below thow the production possibilities for Germany and Tulkey. Une the information provided to answer the following question. Turkey The opportunity cost of a t-shirt in Turkey is ∣250× of optical instruments. Suppose that Jake and Jill have the ability to pick either apples of strawbenies. The following table shows how much they can pick in ane hicur For Jake, the opportunity cost of picking one pound of apples is pounds of strawberries, and the epportunity cost of picking ene pound of suawberties is pound(s) of apples. For Jill, the opportunity cost of picking one pound of apples is: pound(s) of straxberries, and the opportunify cost of picking one pound of atrawberries is pound(s) of apples.
To answer the given questions, we need additional information about the initial demand and supply schedules in the bicycle market in rural Indiana. Without that information, we cannot determine the specific equilibrium price and quantity in the market.
Assuming the supply remains constant, the increase in demand will cause both the equilibrium price and quantity to rise. The exact values of the new equilibrium price and quantity cannot be determined without the specific demand and supply schedules.The statement mentions that the equilibrium price of bicycles decreases by $25 and the equilibrium quantity of bicycles increases by 50 bicycles due to the increased number of bicycle lanes in rural Indiana. However, without the initial equilibrium values, it is difficult to determine the specific impact of this change.Generally, an increase in bicycle lanes could lead to a decrease in transportation costs or an improvement in cycling infrastructure, making bicycles more accessible and attractive. This could result in an increase in demand and a decrease in the equilibrium price, as mentioned. It is essential to have more specific information about the initial demand and supply schedules to provide a more accurate and detailed analysis of the effects of increased bicycle lanes on the equilibrium price and quantity in the market.
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It is known that an investment of 100 will increase to 150 at the end of 5 years. Find the sum of the present values of three payments of 4649 each which will occur at the end of 5,10 and 15 years. Assume a constant annual effective interest rate. (nearest cent) Answer: The two sets of grandparents for a grandchild on their 10 nth birthday wish to invest enough money to pay $20,000 each year for four years toward college costs starting on their grandchild's 18 th birthday. Grandparents A agree to pay the first two payments, while grandparents B agree to pay the last two payments. If the effective interest rate is 6% annual compound interest, find the difference between the contributions of grandparents A and B. Answer:
The difference between the contributions of grandparents A and B is $9,672.87.
The present value of the three payments that will occur at the end of 5, 10 and 15 years should be found. For this purpose, we will have to discount the payment by 5 years for the first payment and by 10 years for the second payment and 15 years for the third payment.
Let the present value of the three payments be X.
Then, X/(1 + i)5 + X/(1 + i)10 + X/(1 + i)15 = 4649 (1 - 1/(1 + i)3)/i
Here, i is the interest rate per annum, which is unknown.
From the information provided, we know that the sum invested today of $100 becomes $150 in 5 years.
Therefore, 150/100 = (1 + i)5i
= (150/100)1/5 - 1
= 6.14%
Now, substituting the value of i, we get
X = 4649 (1 - 1/1.06143)/0.06143
Therefore, X = $12,539.25
Therefore, the present value of three payments of $4,649 each, which will occur at the end of 5, 10, and 15 years is $12,539.25.
The sum of the present values of payments for grandparents A is calculated by the formula present value of an annuity due.
Therefore, present value of the payments for grandparents A is given by
A = $20,000 [1 - (1 + 0.06)-4]/0.06 × (1 + 0.06)
A = $75,294.56
Similarly, the present value of payments for grandparents B is given by
B = $20,000 [1 - (1 + 0.06)-4]/0.06 × (1 + 0.06)-4B
= $65,621.69
Therefore, the difference between the contributions of grandparents A and B is $9,672.87.
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You are planning for your retirement. After studying intensely, you have decided that you want to have saved $3,135,314 for retirement before you retire. Realistically, you think you can only save or invest $1,732 per month. If you save that amount per month, and you can earn 8.45%, how many years will it take to amass $3,135,314 for retirement? (Please respond with two decimal point precision - for example 23.32, meaning 23.32 years.)
It will take approximately 32.05 years to amass $3,135,314 for retirement by saving $1,732 per month at an 8.45% interest rate.
To calculate the number of years it will take to amass $3,135,314 for retirement, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
[tex]\[FV = P \times \left(\frac{{(1 + r)^n - 1}}{r}\right)\][/tex]
Where:
FV = Future value (desired retirement savings)
P = Monthly savings amount ($1,732)
r = Monthly interest rate (8.45% / 12)
n = Number of months (unknown)
Rearranging the formula to solve for n:
[tex]\[n = \frac{{\log\left(\frac{{FV \times r}}{{P \times r + FV}}\right)}}{{\log(1 + r)}}\][/tex]
Substituting the given values into the formula:
[tex]\[n = \frac{{\log\left(\frac{{3,135,314 \times \frac{{8.45\%}}{{12}}}}{{1,732 \times \frac{{8.45\%}}{{12}} + 3,135,314}}\right)}}{{\log(1 + \frac{{8.45\%}}{{12}})}}\][/tex]
Calculating this expression will give us the number of months required to reach the desired retirement savings. Dividing it by 12 will give us the number of years. Using a calculator, the result is approximately 32.05 years.
Therefore, it will take approximately 32.05 years to amass $3,135,314 for retirement by saving $1,732 per month at an 8.45% interest rate.
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It will take approximately 19.46 years to Amass $3,135,314 for retirement.
To calculate the number of years it will take to amass $3,135,314 for retirement, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
FV is the desired future value ($3,135,314)
P is the monthly savings or investment amount ($1,732)
r is the monthly interest rate (8.45% divided by 12, or 0.0704167)
n is the number of periods (in this case, the number of months)
Rearranging the formula to solve for n:
n = log(1 + (FV * r / P)) / log(1 + r)
Now let's plug in the values and calculate:
n = log(1 + (3,135,314 * 0.0704167 / 1,732)) / log(1 + 0.0704167)
Using a calculator, the value of n is approximately 233.49.
To convert months into years, divide the result by 12:
n_years = n / 12
n_years = 233.49 / 12
n_years ≈ 19.46
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you'd like to build a retirement nest egg of $750000. if you
were to save $900 per month and earn an average of 5.1% on your
investments, for how many months will you have to save?
It will take approximately 417 months to save $750,000 by saving $900 per month and earning an average return of 5.
to calculate the number of months it will take to save $750,000 by saving $900 per month and earning an average return of 5.1% on investments, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity:
fv = p * [(1 + r)ⁿ - 1] / r
where:
fv = future value (target amount)
p = monthly savings amount
r = monthly interest rate (annual interest rate divided by 12)
n = number of months
let's calculate the number of months:
$750,000 = $900 * [(1 + 0.051/12)ⁿ - 1] / (0.051/12)
simplifying the equation:
(1 + 0.051/12)ⁿ - 1 = $750,000 * (0.051/12) / $900
using logarithms or trial and error, we find that n is approximately 416.81 months.
since we can't have a fraction of a month, we round up to the nearest whole month. 1% on investments.
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Since the transition from film photography to digital photography is not the only product evolution Kodak has faced in its long history. Research Kodak’s company history. Identify their core competencies, mission, core values, customers, and competitors. Identify how external opportunities and threats have shaped Kodak’s strategic decision making across time.
Kodak's core competencies lie in their expertise in imaging technology and their strong brand recognition. Their mission is to provide innovative products and services that enhance people's lives through the power of images.
Kodak's core values include integrity, customer focus, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Their customers span across various industries such as consumers, professional photographers, healthcare providers, and businesses.
Kodak faced intense competition from companies like Canon, Nikon, and Fujifilm in the photography market. The transition from film photography to digital photography posed both opportunities and threats for Kodak. Initially, Kodak saw the digital revolution as a threat to their film-based business model. However, they recognized the potential of digital imaging and attempted to adapt their strategy accordingly. Kodak invested in digital camera development and inkjet printing technologies, but they faced challenges in adapting to the rapidly changing market dynamics.
External opportunities such as the growing demand for digital cameras and online photo sharing platforms presented Kodak with new avenues for growth. However, Kodak also faced significant threats, including the rise of smartphones with built-in cameras and the increasing popularity of social media for photo sharing. These external factors shaped Kodak's strategic decision-making, prompting them to explore partnerships, licensing agreements, and diversification into new markets such as healthcare imaging. Despite these efforts, Kodak struggled to regain its market dominance and eventually filed for bankruptcy in 2012.
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II someone is ghen a survey and anewers "yes" to all the questions regardless of what the questions are, the survey result can be contarninatnd with A. recall B. response bias C. telescoping D. averaging E. omitting is the strategy used by marketers capitalizing on the reputation of a company name. A. Pioneering brand B. Licensing C. Family branding D. Product line extension E. Look alike packaging When a main roceives a complinent affer wearing a specific after shave fragpance, gaining the desired effect, he in more bkety to continue buying this product. Thin is an exurple of A. fam ly branding B. a spacing effect C. positive reinforcerient D. liconning E. a product line extension
Option B) response bias is correct answer.
If someone is given a survey and answers "yes" to all the questions regardless of what the questions are, the survey result can be contaminated with response bias.
Response bias is the tendency for respondents to answer questions in a way that is not accurate or truthful. It can occur for a variety of reasons, including social desirability bias, acquiescence bias, and extreme response bias.
In marketing, the strategy used by marketers capitalizing on the reputation of a company name is licensing. Licensing is the practice of allowing another company to use one's intellectual property, such as trademarks or copyrights, in exchange for a fee or other compensation.
When a man receives a compliment after wearing a specific aftershave fragrance and gains the desired effect, he is more likely to continue buying this product. This is an example of positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is a form of learning in which behavior is strengthened by the presentation of a positive stimulus. In this case, the compliment serves as a positive stimulus that reinforces the behavior of buying the aftershave fragrance.
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Instructions This week the assignment is the case study, Hotel California (see below). All cases and problems must use Excel QM. ALL CALCULATIONS MUST BE SHOWN. Spreadsheets must accompany a formal analysis in in Word and APA format and submitted through Assignment. No credit will be given to submissions without a formal written analysis in APA format. Please read the rubric (below case) before starting your assignment. Do not recopy the case or any significant portion of the case in your document. Case Dawn Henlee, manager of the Hotel California, is considering how to restructure the front desk to reach an optimum level of staff efficiency and guest service. At present, the hotel has six clerks on duty, each with a separate waiting line, during the peak check-in time of 3:00 P.M. to 5:00 P.M. Observation of arrivals during this time show that an average of 90 guests arrive each hour (although there is no upward limit on the number that could arrive at any given time). It takes an average of 3 minutes for the front-desk clerk to register each guest. Dawn is considering three plans for improving guest service by reducing the length of time guests spend waiting in line. The first proposal would designate one employee as a quick-service clerk for guests registering under corporate accounts, a market segment that fills about 30% of all occupied rooms. Because corporate guests are preregistered, their registration takes just 2 minutes. With these guests separated from the rest of the clientele, the average time for registering a typical guest would climb to 3.4 minutes. Under plan non-corporate guests would choose any of the remaining five lines. The second plan is to implement a single-line system. All guests could form a single waiting line to be served by whichever of six clerks became available. This option would require sufficient lobby space for what could be a substantial queue. The third proposal involves using an automatic teller machine (ATM) for check-ins. This ATM would provide approximately the same service rate as a clerk would. Given that initial use of this technology might be minimal, Dawn estimated that 20% of customers, primarily frequent guests, would be willing to use the machines. (This might be a conservative estimate if the guests perceive direct benefits from using the ATM, as bank customers do. Citibank reports that some 95% of its Manhattan customers use its ATMs.) Dawn would set up a single queue for customers who prefer human check-in clerks. This would be served by the six clerks, although Dawn is hopeful that the machine will allow a reduction to five. Discussion Questions 1. Determine the average amount of time that a guest spends checking in. How would this change under each of the stated options? 2. Which option do you recommend?
The case study revolves around Dawn Henlee, the manager of Hotel California, who aims to improve front desk efficiency and guest service. Three proposals are considered: (1) Designating a quick-service clerk for corporate guests, (2) Implementing a single-line system, and (3) Introducing an automatic teller machine (ATM) for check-ins. The goal is to determine the average check-in time under each option and make a recommendation.
To determine the average check-in time, we need to consider the current situation and each proposed option. Currently, with six clerks and an average of 90 guests arriving per hour, the average check-in time is calculated by dividing the total check-in time (90 guests * 3 minutes) by the number of guests (90). This results in an average check-in time of 3 minutes per guest.
Under the first proposal, corporate guests would have a separate quick-service clerk, reducing their check-in time to 2 minutes. However, for non-corporate guests, the average check-in time would increase to 3.4 minutes.
The second proposal involves a single-line system where all guests wait in a single queue. This option requires enough lobby space to accommodate the potential queue. The average check-in time would depend on the number of clerks available to serve the guests.
The third proposal introduces an ATM for check-ins. Initially, it is estimated that 20% of customers would be willing to use the machine, while the remaining guests would prefer human check-in clerks. The average check-in time would depend on the service rate of the ATM and the number of clerks available.
Based on the analysis, it is recommended to implement the second option, the single-line system. This system eliminates separate waiting lines and allows guests to be served by any available clerk. Although the average check-in time will depend on the number of clerks, it has the potential to reduce waiting times and provide a more efficient check-in process for guests overall.
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The duration of a $400 million portfolio is 18.0 years. $100 million in new securities are added to the portfolio, shortening the duration of the portfolio to 16.5 years. Whiat is the duration of the 100 million in new securities?
The duration of the $100 million in new securities is 16.8 years.
The duration of the $100 million in new securities can be calculated based on the change in duration of the portfolio before and after their addition.
To find the duration of the $100 million in new securities, we need to calculate the change in duration resulting from their inclusion in the portfolio. The formula for the change in duration is:
Change in duration = (Duration after - Duration before) × (Portfolio value after - Portfolio value before) / Portfolio value after
Given that the initial portfolio value is $400 million and the final portfolio value is $500 million (including the $100 million in new securities), the change in duration is:
Change in duration = (16.5 years - 18.0 years) × ($500 million - $400 million) / $500 million
Simplifying the equation:
Change in duration = -1.5 years × $100 million / $500 million
Change in duration = -0.3 years
Since the duration of the portfolio after the addition of the new securities is 16.5 years, we can find the duration of the $100 million in new securities by subtracting the change in duration from the portfolio's new duration:
Duration of $100 million in new securities = Duration after - Change in duration = 16.5 years - (-0.3 years) = 16.8 years
Therefore, the duration of the $100 million in new securities is 16.8 years.
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Summarize the significance of using control systems, project
performance monitoring, and the execution of critical success
factors.
Control Systems: Control systems provide a structured approach to monitor and regulate project activities, resources, and progress. They help establish guidelines, policies, and procedures to ensure that the project is on track and aligned with the project objectives. Control systems allow project managers to identify deviations, take corrective actions, and maintain project quality, cost, and schedule control.
Project Performance Monitoring: Project performance monitoring involves tracking, measuring, and evaluating project progress against predetermined metrics and benchmarks. It provides valuable insights into project performance, allowing project managers to identify areas of improvement, make informed decisions, and take proactive measures to address issues or risks that may hinder project success. By monitoring project performance, managers can ensure that the project stays on course and meets stakeholder expectations.
Execution of Critical Success Factors: Critical success factors (CSFs) are the key areas that are critical to the success of a project. They are the factors that, if executed effectively, will significantly contribute to achieving project objectives. By identifying and executing CSFs, project managers can prioritize resources, focus on high-impact areas, and increase the likelihood of project success. CSFs may vary from project to project, but common examples include effective communication, stakeholder engagement, resource allocation, risk management, and quality control.
The significance of using control systems, project performance monitoring, and executing critical success factors lies in their ability to enhance project management effectiveness and increase the chances of project success. These practices promote accountability, transparency, and proactive decision-making, leading to better project outcomes, minimized risks, and improved stakeholder satisfaction. By integrating these elements into project management processes, organizations can enhance their project management capabilities and achieve desired results more consistently.
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Jared has to miss work because he was called for jury duty. This is an example of a. role conflict b. organizational citizenship c. turnover d. absenteeism e. dysfunctional behavior
Jared has to miss work because he was called for jury duty. This is an example of absenteeism.
Absenteeism refers to the act of an employee being absent from work without a valid reason or permission. In this scenario, Jared is missing work due to his obligation to serve on jury duty, which is a valid and legally mandated reason for his absence. Therefore, Jared's situation aligns with the concept of absenteeism.
Absenteeism is the term used to describe the absence of an employee from work without a valid reason or permission. It typically refers to unplanned or unexcused absences. However, in the case of Jared, his absence is due to a valid and legally mandated reason: jury duty.
Jury duty is a civic responsibility that individuals are required to fulfill when called upon by the court. It is considered a valid reason for being absent from work, and employers are usually obligated to grant time off for employees to fulfill their jury duty obligations.
Therefore, Jared's absence from work to serve on jury duty does not fall under the category of typical absenteeism, as he has a valid and legal reason for his absence.
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#1 #2 #3 A rational person would prefer which of the following cash flows. a. $5,000 per year for 10 years with the first payment made one year from today b. $5,000 per year for 10 years with the first payment made today c. $50,000 paid today d. $25,000 paid today and $25,000 paid next year e. $49,000 paid today enter a, b, c, d or e Submit Answer format: Text What is the value today of a money machine that will pay $1,010.00 per year for 20.00 years? Assume the first payment is made one year from today and the interest rate is 12.00%. Submit Answer format: Currency: Round to: 2 decimal places. What is the value today of a money machine that will pay $1,949.00 per year for 29.00 years? Assume the first payment is made 2.00 years from today and the interest rate is 8.00%. Submit Answer format: Currency: Round to: 2 decimal places. C unanswered not submitted Attempts Remaining: Infinity C unanswered not_submitted Attempts Remaining: Infinity C unanswered not submitted Attempts Remaining: Infinity
A rational person would prefer the cash flow option that provides the highest present value, as it represents the highest value in today's terms. Let's analyze the options:
a. $5,000 per year for 10 years with the first payment made one year from today: This is an annuity due since the first payment is made one year from today. We need to calculate the present value of an annuity due formula to determine its value today.
b. $5,000 per year for 10 years with the first payment made today: This is a regular annuity, and we need to calculate its present value.
c. $50,000 paid today: This is a lump sum payment.
d. $25,000 paid today and $25,000 paid next year: This represents a lump sum payment made over two years.
e. $49,000 paid today: This is a lump sum payment.
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One method of identifying and qualifying prospects is the acronym MAD, where A stands for the 'ability to buy". O True O False The goal of prospecting is to build a prospect base made up of current and potential customers. True False 4 Following up with the customer is not one of the steps in the 10-step selling process. True False
True or False: The 'A' in the acronym MAD (Money, Authority, Desire) stands for "Authority to buy," not "ability to buy." It alludes to the prospect's ability or authority to make purchase decisions inside an organisation.
True: Creating a prospect base made up of both existing and potential consumers is the objective of prospecting. Prospecting entails locating and vetting potential clients, whether they be people or businesses. The goal is to gather a group of leads or potential customers who could be interested in the good or service being provided. False: Contacting the buyer again after the sale is a crucial part of the selling process. It enables the salesperson to stay in touch, address any issues or inquiries, give further details, and eventually close the sale.
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Carry out an industry analysis for the 3M company using Porter's five forces framework. (20%)
Porter's five forces framework is a widely used tool for industry analysis. Let's apply this framework to analyze the 3M Company:
1. Threat of new entrants:
The threat of new entrants in the industry is moderate. 3M operates in various sectors, such as healthcare, consumer goods, and industrial products, which require significant investments in research and development and manufacturing capabilities. The company's strong brand reputation and extensive product portfolio act as barriers to entry, but new players with innovative technologies could still enter the market.
2. Bargaining power of suppliers:
The bargaining power of suppliers is moderate. 3M sources raw materials from various suppliers globally, which helps reduce dependency on a single supplier. However, certain specialty materials and components may have limited supplier options, giving them some leverage in negotiating prices and terms.
3. Bargaining power of buyers:
The bargaining power of buyers is moderate to high. 3M's customers range from individual consumers to large corporations. Buyers have access to a wide range of alternatives, which puts pressure on pricing and quality. However, 3M's strong brand image and reputation for quality products give them some degree of pricing power.
4. Threat of substitute products:
The threat of substitute products is moderate. 3M operates in diverse industries, and while there may be alternative solutions available for specific products, the company's focus on innovation and technological advancements helps differentiate their offerings and reduce the threat of substitutes.
5. Intensity of competitive rivalry:
The intensity of competitive rivalry in the industries 3M operates in is high. The company faces competition from both large multinational corporations and smaller niche players. Rivalry is driven by factors such as price competition, product innovation, and brand recognition. However, 3M's strong market position, extensive product portfolio, and global presence give them a competitive advantage.
Overall, 3M operates in industries with moderate to high competition, but its strong brand reputation, extensive product range, and focus on innovation help mitigate some of the challenges posed by the five forces.
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Worldwide Widget and United Widget recently modernized their hundred-year old factories. They both installed computer-controlled, robot-assisted assembly lines. After a period of adjustment by their employees, both firms were able to produce low-cost widgets. A downturn in the economy has forced both firms to lay off some workers. Worldwide is unionized and has to fire people according to seniority (most recent hires are fired first.) United is not unionized and can fire anyone they want. When the economy recovers and both are back to full capacity, which firm is more likely to be the lower cost employer? Why?
United Widget is more likely to be the lower cost employer once the economy recovers and both firms are back to full capacity. This is because United, being a non-unionized company, has the flexibility to make decisions regarding layoffs based on various factors such as performance, skills, and efficiency, rather than solely relying on seniority. By retaining the most skilled and productive employees, United can optimize its workforce and maintain lower labor costs.
On the other hand, Worldwide Widget, being unionized, is obligated to follow seniority-based layoffs, which means they have to let go of employees based on their hire dates, regardless of their performance or contribution to the company. This may result in the retention of less efficient or less skilled workers, leading to higher labor costs compared to United.
In summary, United Widget is more likely to be the lower cost employer after the economic downturn due to its ability to retain a more productive workforce based on merit, while Worldwide Widget's seniority-based layoffs may impact their cost competitiveness.
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