The present value of $1000 to be received one year from now, with a discount rate of 20%, is approximately $833.33.
To calculate the present value of $1000 to be received one year from now with a discount rate of 20%, we need to discount the future cash flow. The present value represents the current value of the future cash flow, taking into account the time value of money and the discount rate.
The present value formula is given by PV = FV / (1 + r), where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, and r is the discount rate. In this case, the future value is $1000 and the discount rate is 20% (or 0.20).
Using the formula, we can calculate the present value as follows:
PV = $1000 / (1 + 0.20) = $1000 / 1.20 = $833.33 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Therefore, the present value of $1000 to be received one year from now, with a discount rate of 20%, is approximately $833.33.
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The market price of a semi-annual pay bond is $978.01. It has
17.00 years to maturity and a yield to maturity of 7.36%. What is
the coupon rate?"
The coupon rate of the bond is $66.00 semi-annually.
The coupon rate of the bond can be determined as follows:
Formula for calculating the price of a bond is as follows:
P = C (1 – 1 / (1 + r)n) / r + FV / (1 + r)n
Where, P = price of the bond
C = periodic coupon payment
r = periodic yield to maturity (YTM) / required returnn = total number of coupon payments
FV = face value of the bond
Substituting the given values in the above formula, we get:
978.01 = C (1 – 1 / (1 + 0.0736 / 2)2*17) / (0.0736 / 2) + 1000 / (1 + 0.0736 / 2)2*17
Here, n = 2*17 = 34
⇒ 978.01 = C (1 – 1 / (1.0368)34) / (0.0368 / 2) + 1000 / (1.0368)34
Solving the above equation, we get,C = $66.00
Therefore, the coupon rate of the bond is $66.00 semi-annually.
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The following units of an inventory item were available for sale during the year: Unit 10 29 35 16 Unit Cost Beginning inventory First purchase Second purchase Third purchase The firm uses the periodic inventory system. During the year, 62 units of the item were sold. The value of ending inventory rounded to nearest dollar using average cost is: $55 60 65 70
The value of the ending inventory rounded to the nearest dollar using the average cost method is $70. Answer: $70.
The units of an inventory item that were available for sale during the year along with their unit cost are: Unit 10, Unit 29, Unit 35, Unit 16, Beginning inventory, First purchase, Second purchase, and Third purchase. The firm uses the periodic inventory system. During the year, 62 units of the item were sold. The value of the ending inventory rounded to the nearest dollar using the average cost method is $70.What is the Average Cost Method?The average cost method is an inventory costing method used to assign the cost of each unit sold to the cost of the units held in inventory.
Under this method, the cost of goods sold is determined by averaging the cost of the units available for sale during the period. Therefore, the average cost method allocates the cost of the units available for sale among the units in ending inventory and the units sold.The cost of goods available for sale during the year is:$10 × 10 + $29 × 29 + $35 × 35 + $16 × 16 =$100 + $841 + $1225 + $256 =$2422The average cost per unit is:$2422 ÷ 90 = $26.91The cost of goods sold is:$26.91 × 62 = $1666.42The value of the ending inventory is:$2422 – $1666.42 = $755.58Therefore, the value of the ending inventory rounded to the nearest dollar using the average cost method is $70. Answer: $70.
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The characteristics of an industrial tilling process in which an expensive liquid is injected into a container was investigated. The quantity injected per container is approximately normally distributed with mean 10 units and standard deviation 0.02 units. Each unit of fill costs $10 per unit. If a container contains less than 10 units (that is, is underfilled), it must be reprocessed at a cost of $11. A properly filled container sells for $125. Complete parts a through c. Click here to view a table of areas under the standardized normal curve. b. A container is initially underfilled and must be reprocessed. Upon refilling, it contains 10.50 units. How much profit will the company make on this container? $ c. The operations manager adjusts the mean of the filling process upward to 10.10 units in order to make the probability of underfilling approximately zero. Under these conditions, what is the expected profit per container?
In the given scenario, the properly filled containers are sold for $125 and the profit will be of $9 as calculated by subtracting selling price from cost. However, the expected profit will be of $13.
the quantity of liquid injected per container follows a normal distribution with a mean of 10 units and a standard deviation of 0.02 units. Each unit of fill costs $10, and underfilled containers must be reprocessed at a cost of $11. Properly filled containers sell for $125.
b. In the case of an initially underfilled container that is refilled to contain 10.50 units, we can calculate the profit as follows:
Profit = Selling Price - Cost
Profit = ($125 - $11) - (10.50 units * $10)
Profit = $114 - $105
Profit = $9
Therefore, the company will make a profit of $9 on this container.
c. If the operations manager adjusts the mean of the filling process to 10.10 units to eliminate underfilling, we need to determine the expected profit per container. Since the probability of underfilling is approximately zero, all containers will be properly filled.
Expected Profit = Selling Price - Cost
Expected Profit = ($125 - $11) - (10.10 units * $10)
Expected Profit = $114 - $101
Expected Profit = $13
Hence, under the adjusted mean of 10.10 units, the expected profit per container is $13.
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Information on Kwon Manufacturing's activities for its first month of operations follows: a. Purchased $100,600 of raw materials on credit. b. Materials requisitions show the following materials used for the month. Job 201 $ 48,800 Job 202 24,200 Total direct materials. 73,000 Indirect materials 9,220 Total materials used $ 82,220 c. Time tickets show the following labor used for the month. Job 201 $ 39,800 Job 202 Total direct labor. 13,200 53,000 24,800 Indirect labor Total labor used $ 77,800 d. Applied overhead to Job 201 and to Job 202 using a predetermined overhead rate of 80% of direct materials cost. e. Transferred Job 201 to Finished Goods Inventory. f. Sold Job 201 for $165,560 on credit. g. Incurred the following actual other overhead costs for the month. $ 32,600 560 Depreciation of factory equipment Rent on factory building (payable) Factory utilities (payable) Expired factory insurance. 860 3,600 Total other factory overhead costs $ 37,620 1 Record materials purchases. 2 Record direct materials used. 3 Record indirect materials used. 4 Record direct labor used. 5 Record indirect labor used. 6 Record overhead applied to jobs at the rate of 80% of direct materials cost. 7 Record the completion of Job 201. 7 Record the completion of Job 201. 8 Record the sale of job 201 on credit. 9 Record the cost of job 201. 10 Record other actual factory overhead costs. Journal entry worksheet 1 2 3 Record direct materials used. Note: Enter debits before credits. Transaction b(1). Record entry 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 General Journal Debit Credit Clear entry View general Journal
Journal Entry Worksheet:
1. Record materials purchases:
Raw Materials Inventory $100,600
Accounts Payable $100,600
2. Record direct materials used:
Work in Process Inventory (Job 201) $48,800
Work in Process Inventory (Job 202) $24,200
Raw Materials Inventory $73,000
3. Record indirect materials used:
Factory Overhead $9,220
Raw Materials Inventory $9,220
4. Record direct labor used:
Work in Process Inventory (Job 201) $39,800
Work in Process Inventory (Job 202) $13,200
Factory Payroll $53,000
5. Record indirect labor used:
Factory Overhead $24,800
Factory Payroll $24,800
6. Record overhead applied to jobs at the rate of 80% of direct materials cost:
Work in Process Inventory (Job 201) $58,240 (80% of $73,000)
Work in Process Inventory (Job 202) $19,360 (80% of $24,200)
Factory Overhead $77,600 (80% of $97,000)
7. Record the completion of Job 201:
Work in Process Inventory (Job 201) $58,240
Finished Goods Inventory $58,240
8. Record the sale of Job 201 on credit:
Accounts Receivable $165,560
Sales $165,560
9. Record the cost of Job 201:
Cost of Goods Sold $58,240
Finished Goods Inventory $58,240
10. Record other actual factory overhead costs:
Factory Depreciation $32,600
Rent Payable $560
Factory Utilities Payable $3,600
Expired Factory Insurance $860
Factory Overhead $37,620
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ou have been researching a stock that you like, which is currently trading at $49.05 per share. You would like to buy the stock if it were a little less expensive-say, $47.00 per share. You believe that the stock price will go to $71.00 by year-end and then level off or decline. You decide to place a limit order to buy 100 shares of the stock at $47.00, and a limit order to sell it at S71.00- lt turns outthat you were right about the direction of the stock price, and it goes straight to $75.14. What is your current position? Assume you have a margin account with unlimited equity Your current position is a ofsD ▼ select from the drop-down menu. Round to the nearest whole dollar
The current position of a person who had placed a limit order to buy 100 shares of a stock at $47.00 and a limit order to sell at $71.00, when the stock goes straight to $75.14, would be a profit of $2,314.
The total cost of 100 shares of the stock at $47.00 = $47.00 × 100 = $4700
The total revenue of 100 shares of the stock at $75.14 = $75.14 × 100 = $7,514
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost = $7,514 - $4,700 = $2,814
As the question requires rounding off the answer to the nearest whole dollar, the answer will be rounded off to $2,314.
As a result, a customer who put a limit order for the purchase of 100 shares of a company's stock at $47.00 and a limit order for the sale at $71.00 would profit $2,314 if the stock rose straight to $75.14.
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You work for an insurance defense firm that is defending an insured in a car accident case. The following facts apply:
- The accident happened on 7/4/15 when your client rear ended the Plaintiff on I-275 between Dale Mabry and Howard Avenue exits. The Plaintiff was taken by ambulance to Tampa General. He was diagnosed with a broken leg, had a surgery to repair the leg, and went through 8 months of therapy. He was released from treatment on 8/1/16.
- Plaintiff is seeking $100,000.00, which is the limits of the Defendant's insurance. Plaintiff alleges Defendant was negligent in rear ending him on the highway. Defendant alleges Plaintiff slammed on his brakes for no reason, and that no car could have stopped in time to avoid the collision. The Defendant had his wife and 22 year old son in the car. There were no other witnesses listed on the accident report.
- Plaintiff has submitted medical bills totaling $48,000, and claims a loss of wages of $20,000.00, his yearly salary from owning his own hot dog stand as evidenced by his tax returns. Plaintiff is single with no dependents. His car was totaled, and worth $7,000.00.
Based on the above, please answer the following:
Explain in detail what witnesses you believe should be called for the defendant, and explain how you would prepare those witnesses for trial;
Witnesses that should be called for the defendant include; the Defendant’s wife and 22-year-old son. The preparation of the witnesses should be in such a way that they would be able to give the most accurate and coherent evidence that would help the defendant win the case.
Witnesses are very important in any court case, and in this case, they are needed to establish the facts that would help the defendant win the case. The Defendant’s wife and son are the two major witnesses needed in this case. Their evidence would be necessary to counter the allegations of the plaintiff. The defense must prepare these witnesses to give compelling evidence and to be confident while presenting it.
There are a few things that should be considered while preparing the witnesses for trial; they include; Reminding them, to tell the truth, is essential to prepare the witnesses to tell the truth about what happened. They should be reminded of the importance of telling the truth in court and to avoid telling lies. They should understand that they can be prosecuted for perjury if they are found to be lying.
Reminding them to be calm and confident while presenting their evidence. The witnesses should be reminded to be calm and confident while presenting their evidence in court. They should be prepared to answer questions from both the prosecution and defense attorneys. They should be reminded to look at the jury when answering questions so that they can establish eye contact and build trust.
Providing the witnesses with the facts of the case. The witnesses should be provided with all the facts of the case, including the plaintiff’s allegations and the defense’s counterarguments. This will help them to know what to say while in court. They should be provided with evidence that can help them build their testimony.
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When pricing a bond how many cash flows do you need to present value? O 0 O 1 02 O 3 O 4
When pricing a bond, you need to consider and present value all the cash flows associated with the bond. The correct answer is 4 cash flows.
Pricing a bond involves calculating the present value of all future cash flows generated by the bond. These cash flows typically include periodic coupon payments and the final principal repayment at maturity. Therefore, to accurately determine the price of a bond, you need to consider and discount all these cash flows.
In most cases, a bond will have a fixed coupon rate, which means the coupon payments remain constant throughout the bond's life. These coupon payments are usually made semi-annually or annually, depending on the terms of the bond. Additionally, the final cash flow is the principal repayment at the bond's maturity, which is typically equal to the bond's face value.
By discounting each cash flow to its present value using an appropriate discount rate (yield), you can determine the fair price of the bond. Hence, to accurately price a bond, it is crucial to consider all the cash flows, including both coupon payments and the final principal repayment, resulting in a total of 4 cash flows.
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Requires 2. Capolda Fo 1galfined opet 3. Cabiant the loal vanitle cont por unase 6. What is the fixet coar par unt ker maxmam secduction?
To compute working capital and the current ratio, we need to analyze the selected financial statement data provided. However, the specific financial statement data is missing in the question. Please provide the necessary information or specify the data for us to proceed with the calculation.
Once we have the required financial statement data, we can calculate the working capital and the current ratio as follows:Working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. It represents the funds available for the day-to-day operations of the company. To calculate working capital, subtract current liabilities from current assets.
The current ratio measures a company's ability to pay its short-term obligations using its current assets. It is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities the necessary financial statement data, such as the amounts for current assets and current liabilities, so that we can provide a more specific and accurate calculation.
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You are classifying the following transactions into the different accounts of the U.S. Balance of Payments. 1. Target purchases clothing produced in Thailand that it will sell in its U.S. retail stores. 2. A U.S investor receives a dividend payment from a German firm in which he purchased stock. 3 A university bookstore in France purchases textbooks produced by a U.S. publishing company. Which of the answer choices is correct? a) All 3 transactions belong to the Capital Account. b) One transaction belongs to the Financial Account and two transactions belong to the Current Account c) All 3 transactions are Debit transactions.
d) All 3 transactions belong to the Financial Account. e) All 3 transactions belong to the Current Account. What is NOT an example of market imperfections? a) There are transaction and/or transportation costs b) Italy puts restrictions on capital flows. c) All factors of production are easily transferable. d) Labor cannot move freely from one country to another country. e) Countries impose import/export taxes
Target purchases clothing produced in Thailand that it will sell in its U.S. retail stores. A U.S. investor receives a dividend payment from a German firm in which he purchased stock.
This transaction represents an income received from foreign investment (dividend payment) and belongs to the Current Account. A university bookstore in France purchases textbooks produced by a U.S. publishing company.
This transaction represents an export of goods (textbooks) and belongs to the Current Account. Based on these classifications, the correct option is: b) One transaction belongs to the Financial Account and two transactions belong to the Current Account.
Market imperfections refer to factors that hinder the efficient functioning of markets. Among the given options, the one that is NOT an example of market imperfections is all factors of production are easily transferable. Therefore, option C is correct.
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Which description fits tactical supply chain planning? medium to long term, structural decisiqus, policy decisions affected by strategic planning day-to-day term, weekly and monthly reports, implementation of operation planning short to medium term, structural decisions, operation planning short to medium term, sub-system decisions being made, transition from strategic to operational planning Which of the following logistics activities are included in the tactical supply chain? customer service, stock items, transport modal type order picking, personnel availability, vehicle maintenance delivery schedules, supply facilities, order processing bulk storage, monitoring procedures, production location
Tactical supply chain planning is the process of making decisions that affect the short- to medium-term operations of a supply chain. It is a bridge between strategic planning and operational planning. Tactical planning focuses on the following:
Demand forecasting: Tactical planners use demand forecasting to predict future demand for products and services. This information is used to determine the amount of inventory to hold, the size of production runs, and the number of transportation resources to deploy.
Inventory management: Tactical planners manage inventory levels to ensure that there is enough stock to meet demand without overstocking. They also make decisions about where to store inventory and how to handle inventory costs.
Transportation: Tactical planners select the best transportation modes and carriers for moving products from suppliers to customers. They also negotiate contracts with carriers and track shipments to ensure that they arrive on time.
Warehousing: Tactical planners manage warehouses to ensure that products are stored in a safe and efficient manner. They also make decisions about how to handle picking, packing, and shipping orders.
The following logistics activities are included in the tactical supply chain:
Customer service: Tactical planners work with customer service representatives to ensure that customers receive their orders on time and in good condition.
Stock items: Tactical planners determine the types and quantities of stock items to hold. They also make decisions about how to replenish stock items when they run low.
Transport modal type: Tactical planners select the best transportation modes for moving products from suppliers to customers. They also negotiate contracts with carriers and track shipments to ensure that they arrive on time.
Order picking: Tactical planners determine the best way to pick orders from warehouses. They also make decisions about how to handle picking, packing, and shipping orders.
Personnel availability: Tactical planners ensure that there are enough employees available to handle the workload. They also make decisions about how to schedule employees and train them for new tasks.
Vehicle maintenance: Tactical planners ensure that vehicles are properly maintained to avoid breakdowns. They also make decisions about when to replace vehicles and how to manage maintenance costs.
Delivery schedules: Tactical planners develop delivery schedules that meet customer expectations. They also make decisions about how to handle late deliveries and customer complaints.
Supply facilities: Tactical planners determine the best locations for warehouses and distribution centers. They also make decisions about how to expand or contract facilities to meet changing demand.
Order processing: Tactical planners develop processes for processing orders. They also make decisions about how to handle customer inquiries and returns.
Bulk storage: Tactical planners determine the best way to store bulk materials. They also make decisions about how to handle inventory costs and environmental regulations.
Monitoring procedures: Tactical planners develop procedures for monitoring the supply chain. They also make decisions about how to collect data, analyze data, and make improvements to the supply chain.
Production location: Tactical planners determine the best locations for production facilities. They also make decisions about how to expand or contract production facilities to meet changing demand.
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You are interested in the target population of farm operators in a three-county area encompassing 360 square miles. You lack a list of farm operations and instead plan on using a grid placed on a map, with 360 square-mile segments. You plan to draw a sample of farm operations by drawing a sample of square-mile segments from the grid. Identify three problems with using the frame of 360 square-mile grids as a sampling frame for the target population of farm operations in the three-county area.
Using a grid of 360 square-mile segments as a sampling frame for the target population of farm operators in a three-county area may present the following problems:
Undercoverage: The grid may not accurately represent the entire population of farm operators in the three-county area. It may miss certain areas or types of farms that are not evenly distributed within the segments, leading to potential biases in the sample.
Inefficiency: The use of large square-mile segments may result in inefficient sampling, as some segments may contain only a few or no farm operators, while others may have a high concentration. This can lead to a waste of resources and time in sampling and data collection.
Spatial Clustering: Farms within the same square-mile segment are likely to be geographically close to each other, which can result in clustering effects. This clustering may introduce spatial dependence and correlation in the sample, potentially affecting the representativeness and generalizability of the findings.
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Show and explain the implications of the following on the balance of payment curve:
a. Domestic prices are falling
b. The exchangerate is rising.
need graph and explain
The following are the implications on the balance of payment curve:
a. Domestic prices falling: This leads to an improvement in the current account balance and a shift in the balance of payment curve to the right.
b. The exchange rate rising: This leads to a deterioration in the current account balance and a shift in the balance of payment curve to the left.
a. When domestic prices are falling, it indicates deflationary conditions in the economy. This can make domestic goods and services relatively cheaper compared to foreign goods and services. As a result, exports become more competitive, leading to an increase in export revenue. Simultaneously, imports become relatively more expensive, leading to a decrease in import expenditure. These factors contribute to an improvement in the current account balance. Consequently, the balance of payment curve shifts to the right, reflecting the improvement in the overall balance.
b. When the exchange rate is rising, it means that the domestic currency is appreciating in value compared to foreign currencies. A higher exchange rate makes exports more expensive for foreign buyers, reducing export competitiveness and potentially leading to a decrease in export revenue. Conversely, imports become cheaper for domestic consumers, potentially increasing import expenditure. These factors can result in a deterioration of the current account balance. Consequently, the balance of payment curve shifts to the left, reflecting the deterioration in the overall balance.
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ABC, Inc. just paid dividend of $4.2. The dividends are expected to grow at 7.24% each year forever. The required rate of return on the stock is 22.81%. What is today's price of the stock?
Enter your answer rounded off to two decimal points. Do not enter $ or comma in the answer box.
The price of the stock today is $26.96. To calculate the price of the stock today, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM). The DDM formula is P = D / (r - g), where P is the price of the stock, D is the dividend, r is the required rate of return, and g is the expected dividend growth rate.
In this case, the dividend is $4.2, the required rate of return is 22.81%, and the dividend growth rate is 7.24%.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
P = 4.2 / (0.2281 - 0.0724)
Simplifying this equation, we find:
P = 4.2 / 0.1557
Calculating this, the price of the stock today is approximately $26.96.
Therefore, the price of the stock today is $26.96.
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Phillip Camera Store had a retained earnings balance of $11,000 on January 1, 20XX. For the year 20XX, sales were $750,000 and expenses were $280,000. The company declared and paid cash dividends of $26,000 during the year 20XX. What was the ending retained earnings on the balance sheet for Phillip Camera Store at December 31, 20XX? Enter your responses in whole numbers, no commas, and no dollar signs. Your Answer: I Answer Answer
The ending retained earnings on the balance sheet for Phillip Camera Store at December 31, 20XX is $455,000.
The net income for the year 20XX can be calculated as follows:
Net Income = Sales - Expenses
Net Income = $750,000 - $280,000
Net Income = $470,000
The ending retained earnings balance can be calculated by adding the net income to the beginning retained earnings and subtracting the dividends paid:
Ending Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income - Dividends Paid
Ending Retained Earnings = $11,000 + $470,000 - $26,000
Ending Retained Earnings = $455,000
Therefore, the ending retained earnings on the balance sheet for Phillip Camera Store at December 31, 20XX is $455,000.
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Marcus found US$140 in her attic and sold it to a bank that charged her a commission of 0.35%. How much did she receive from the bank? Assume that the exchange rate was C$1 = US$0.73.
Round to the nearest cent
Marcus received C$101.67 from the bank. Round off the answer to the nearest cent. Hence, the final answer is C$101.67.
Given that Marcus found US$140 in her attic and sold it to a bank that charged her a commission of 0.35%.
We need to calculate how much did she receive from the bank?Assume that the exchange rate was C$1 = US$0.73.To solve this, we will first calculate the commission that Marcus has to pay to the bank.
Commission = 0.35% of US$140= 0.35/100 × 140= 0.49 US$
Now, we can calculate the amount received by Marcus from the bank.
Amount received by Marcus = US$140 - Commission= US$140 - US$0.49= US$139.51As per the given information, exchange rate of C$1 = US$0.73.
Hence, Marcus received, 139.51 US dollars and 1 US dollar is equivalent to 0.73 Canadian dollars. So, we can calculate the amount received by Marcus in Canadian dollars.
Amount received by Marcus in Canadian dollars = 139.51 × 0.73= 101.67
Therefore, Marcus received C$101.67 from the bank. Round off the answer to the nearest cent.
Hence, the final answer is C$101.67.
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1. Find the actual number of direct labor hours worked during February. First, find the actual direct labor rate per hour. Then, determine the actual number of direct labor hours worked by setting up the computation of the total direct labor variance as given.
2. Compute the direct labor rate and efficiency variances. Do these variances suggest that the manager may have made trade-offs? Explain. Mustang Music manufactures harmonicas. Mustang uses standard costs to judge performance. Recently, a clerk mistakenly threw away some of the records, and only partial data for February exist. Mustang knows that the total direct labor variance for the month was $300 F and that the standard labor rate was $11 per hour. A recent pay cut caused a favorable labor rate variance of $0.60 per hour. The standard direct labor hours for actual February outputs were 5,700.
Read the requirements.
Requirement 1. Find the actual number of direct labor hours worked during February. First, find the actual direct labor price rate per hour. Then, determine the actual number of direct labor hours worked by setting up the computation of the total direct labor variance as given.
Select the formula, then calculate the actual price per hour.
Actual direct labor rate
per hour
Determine the actual number of direct labor hours worked by setting up the computation of the total direct labor variance as given. (Enter the known amounts, then determine the missing amounts to solve for the actual direct labor hours. Enter the amounts as positive numbers. Label the variance as favorable (F) or unfavorable (U).)
Mustang Music
Schedule to Compute Actual Direct Labor Hours
Flexible
budget
for actual
output
Flexible
budget
variance
Direct labor hours
Actual
Cost per hour
Total direct labor
cost
Flexible budget
Calculate the actual number of direct labor hours worked during February, we need to set up the computation of the total direct labor variance using the given information.
Let's start by calculating the actual direct labor rate per hour. Given information: Total direct labor variance: $300 F (favorable) Standard labor rate: $11 per hour Favorable labor rate variance: $0.60 per hour Standard direct labor hours for actual February outputs: 5,700 We can use the following formula to calculate the total direct labor variance: Total direct labor variance = (Actual direct labor hours * Actual direct labor rate) - (Standard direct labor hours * Standard labor rate) Rearranging the formula, we can solve for the actual direct labor rate: Actual direct labor rate = (Total direct labor variance + (Standard direct labor hours * Standard labor rate)) / Actual direct labor hours Plugging in the values: Total direct labor variance = $300 F Standard direct labor hours = 5,700 Standard labor rate = $11 per hour Actual direct labor rate = ($300 + (5,700 * $11)) / Actual direct labor hours Since the actual direct labor rate is not given, we cannot directly calculate the actual number of direct labor hours worked without more information. Please provide additional data or check if there are any missing details in the problem statemen
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What recommendations would you make to the Netflix Board about crafting their HRM moving forward? Refer to relevant research to justify and substantiate your arguments. (30 marks) – 750 words
Recommendations for Crafting HRM at Netflix
Introduction:
Crafting effective Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies is crucial for organizations like Netflix to attract and retain top talent, foster a culture of innovation, and drive sustainable growth.
Based on relevant research and industry best practices, the following recommendations are provided for the Netflix Board to enhance their HRM moving forward.
Embrace a Data-Driven Approach:
Netflix should leverage data analytics to inform HRM decisions. By collecting and analyzing employee data, such as performance metrics, engagement surveys, and turnover rates, Netflix can gain valuable insights to optimize talent acquisition, performance management, and employee development programs.
Research by Bersin, Deloitte, and other industry experts emphasizes the importance of data-driven HRM in enabling evidence-based decision-making and enhancing organizational performance.
Foster a Culture of Inclusion and Diversity:
Netflix should prioritize diversity and inclusion initiatives to create a workforce that reflects the global audiences it serves. Research demonstrates that diverse teams drive innovation, better decision-making, and improved financial performance.
The Netflix Board should establish clear diversity goals, implement unbiased hiring and promotion practices, and create an inclusive work environment that values different perspectives and experiences.
Implement Agile Performance Management:
Traditional annual performance reviews are becoming outdated and ineffective. Netflix should adopt an agile performance management approach that focuses on continuous feedback, goal-setting, and development conversations.
Research by Deloitte and Accenture shows that frequent feedback and coaching lead to higher employee engagement and performance. Netflix can utilize technology platforms to facilitate real-time feedback and performance tracking.
Prioritize Employee Well-being and Work-Life Balance:
To attract and retain top talent, Netflix should prioritize employee well-being and work-life balance. Research indicates that employees who feel supported in their personal lives are more engaged and productive at work.
Netflix can implement policies such as flexible work arrangements, paid parental leave, and wellness programs. Research by Gallup highlights the positive impact of employee well-being on organizational outcomes, including reduced absenteeism and turnover.
Develop Strong Leadership Capabilities:
Investing in leadership development is critical for Netflix's long-term success. Research by Harvard Business Review and the Center for Creative Leadership emphasizes the role of effective leaders in driving employee engagement, innovation, and organizational performance.
Netflix should provide leadership development programs that focus on building skills such as emotional intelligence, effective communication, and fostering a growth mindset.
Prioritize Learning and Development:
Continuous learning and development opportunities are essential to attract and retain talent in the fast-paced digital era. Netflix should invest in robust learning programs that enable employees to acquire new skills, adapt to changing technologies, and pursue professional growth.
Research by LinkedIn and McKinsey indicates that employees value organizations that prioritize learning and development, leading to higher job satisfaction and retention.
Embrace Remote and Hybrid Work Models:
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift towards remote and hybrid work models. Netflix should embrace this trend and establish policies and practices that support remote and flexible work arrangements. Research by Gartner and Harvard Business Review highlights the benefits of remote work, such as increased productivity and employee satisfaction.
Netflix can leverage technology platforms for effective remote collaboration and communication.
Conclusion:
Crafting effective HRM strategies is essential for Netflix's continued success in a highly competitive and rapidly evolving industry.
By embracing a data-driven approach, fostering diversity and inclusion, implementing agile performance management, prioritizing employee well-being, developing strong leadership capabilities, investing in learning and development, and embracing remote work models, Netflix can create a high-performing workforce and sustain its position as a leading entertainment company.
These recommendations are supported by relevant research and industry best practices, providing a foundation for Netflix to shape its HRM moving forward.
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1) Test Bank 10.1 What gives money a timevalue? Selected answer will be automaticaly saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. cash flow inflation c interest. d risk Which of the following is a typical cash outhow? Selected anawer will be automatically taved. For keyboard navigation, press unjdown arrow beys to select an ancwe! itrvestment b depreciation plus receipts receipts d profit for the year plus depreciation How is cash inflow calculated? Selected answer wilt be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/dawm arrow keys to select an anwwer. a by adding depreciation to profit for the year b by subtracting income taxes from profit for theyear c byadding depreciation to profit before taxes d by adding the cash inflow to profit for the year What represents the receipt of money Benerated by revenue less cash expenses? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a profit before taxes plus depreciation b cash inflow c cashoutflow d cash inflow plus depreciation
The idea that money accessible now is worth more than the same amount in the future is known as the "time value" of money. This is due to the possibility that money will eventually generate interest or investment returns.
1) Interest gives money a time value. Interest gives money a time value. Money today is worth more than money in the future because of interest and inflation.
2) Depreciation plus receipts represent the typical cash inflow. Depreciation plus receipts represent the typical cash inflow.
3) Cash inflow plus depreciation represents the receipt of money generated by revenue less cash expenses. Cash inflow plus depreciation represents the receipt of money generated by revenue with fewer cash expenses.
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Answer 4- Risk can be defined as the business situation in which some type of decision has to be made and the different probable outcomes and the chances of their occurrences are informed to the decision-maker. While in case of uncertainty, this can be defined as a situation in which either the results or the chances of happening that event is are not informed by the decision-maker. Thus the risk is the situation where the predictability of the possible future results is feasible but this cannot be done in case of uncertainty. It is possible to manage the risk but it is not possible to control the uncertainty. Risk can be effectively measured using various methods but uncertainty cannot be measured. Example= The company is looking to start a new venture and it is investing $4billion in this. The chances of losing $4 billion will be termed as risk. But the chances of changing the demand pattern, customer preferences, technology and so on that can have either positive or negative effect ion the business will be seen as uncertain. Answer For maximax= First fo all we will select the maximum value of each row= Macroeconomic Conditions Recession Cost-Cutting 100 Diversification-120 Cost-Cutting 100 Diversification-120 Expansion -250 Now we will select the maximum value in the maximum column which is 500 and this is associated with the option of Expansion so in the case of the maximax method, The business manager should select the option of expansion. Expansion -250 For Minimax= First fo all we will select the maximum value of each row= Macroeconomic Conditions Recession Low Medium High Growth Growth Growth 130 170 200 200 50 Recession Cost-Cutting 0 Diversification 220 Expansion 350 Recession 30 300 500 500 Now we will select the minimum value in the maximum column which is 200 and this is associated with the option of Cost-cutting so in the case of the minimax method, The business manager should select the option of Cost-cutting Cost-Cutting 0 Diversification 220 Expansion 350 Answer = minimax regret criterion. First of all we will find the regret table by subtracting the maximum column value with all column values Macroeconomic Conditions Recession Cost-Cutting 100-100 Diversification 100-(-120) 130-50 300-240 Expansion 100-(-250) 130-30 300-300 So the regret table is as below= 240 300 300 Low Medium High Growth Growth Growth 130 170 200 200 50 240 300 300 30 300 500 500 Diversification-120 Low Medium High Growth Growth Growth 130- 500- 130 200 300-170 500- 300 0 Low Medium High Growth Growth Growth 130 300 80 60 100 0 0 Maximum 80 Now we will select the maximum value of each row Low Medium High Growth Growth Growth 500- 500 60 200 100 0 0 Maximum 130 300 300 0 Maximum 200 220 Low Medium High Recession Growth Growth Growth Cost-Cutting 100 130 170 200 270 50 240 300 Expansion -250 30 300 500 Probability 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.2 For the minimax regret method, we will select the minimum value in the maximum column of regret table which is 220 related to diversification so the manager must select the option of diversification 350 Answer= The given data can be presented as below= EMV for Cost cutting= 0.15*100+0.3*130+0.35*170+0.2*200=153.5 0.15*(-120)+0.3*50+0.35*240+0.2*300=141 EMV for diversification= EMV for expansion= 0.15*(-250) +0.3*30+0.35*300+0.2*500=176.5 As the maximum EMV is obtained from Expansion, so the decision must be made in favor of Expansion As the decision is made on the basis of maximization of EMV, thus the type of risk is risk-averse
Risk and Uncertainty: You correctly defined risk as a situation where the decision-maker has information about the different probable outcomes and their chances of occurrence, allowing for predictability.
On the other hand, uncertainty refers to a situation where the decision-maker lacks information about the results or the chances of events happening. Risk can be managed, but uncertainty cannot be controlled or measured. Your example illustrates the distinction between risk (chances of losing $4 billion) and uncertainty (changes in demand patterns, customer preferences, technology, etc.).
Maximax and Minimax Decision Criteria: You correctly explained the Maximax and Minimax decision criteria. Maximax involves selecting the option with the maximum payoff or outcome. In your example, the Maximax decision would favor the option of Expansion with a maximum value of 500. Minimax, on the other hand, involves selecting the option that minimizes the maximum regret. In your example, the Minimax decision would favor the option of Cost-cutting with a minimum regret value of 200.
Minimax Regret Criterion: You correctly identified the decision criterion as the Minimax Regret Criterion. The regret table shows the differences between the maximum value in each column and the individual values. By selecting the minimum value in the maximum column of the regret table (220 in the case of Diversification), the decision would be to choose Diversification.
Expected Monetary Value (EMV): You correctly calculated the Expected Monetary Value for each option. The EMV for Cost-cutting is 153.5, for Diversification is 141, and for Expansion is 176.5. As the maximum EMV is obtained from Expansion, the decision would be made in favor of Expansion.
Regarding the type of risk, you mentioned that the decision is made based on the maximization of EMV, indicating a risk-averse approach. This implies that the decision-maker prefers options with lower risks or uncertainties.
Overall, your answers demonstrate an understanding of risk and decision criteria, and you provided accurate calculations and interpretations based on the given information.
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Read the following article. SEISMIC SURVEYS ON WEST COAST POSE THREAT TO SMALL-SCALE FISHERS’ LIVELIHOODS AND CULTURE Last week, small-scale fishers wrote to mineral resources and energy minister Gwede Mantashe, informing him that most, if not all of them were not aware of the application for a reconnaissance permit until a petition emerged on social media earlier this month. "They have not bothered to consult us and engage us on this proposed survey or explain it to us … We were not provided with any information about it. In addition, we are informed by support organisations that they have not undertaken an environmental impact assessment (EIA) and obtained environmental authorisation in terms of the National Environmental Management Act," their letter read. The Legal Resources Centre, acting on behalf of West Coast fishers, and Richard Spoor Inc, which is representing civil society movement We Are South Africans, are now preparing to haul Mantashe and Searcher to court, to seek an urgent interdict to halt the programme because it does not have a valid environmental authorisation and permit. In response to a recent letter of demand from the LRC, Searcher’s attorneys, Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr, said it had all the required regulatory approvals in place, would proceed with its programme and oppose any high court proceedings. Potential impacts assessed: In its public notice on 15 December, Searcher said its reconnaissance permit was granted on the approval of its submitted environmental management plan, which encompassed an assessment of the potential effect on marine fauna and fisheries active in the area "along with the identification of measures to avoid and mitigate these potential impacts", as provided from independent specialists. Its seismic vessel will be fitted with passive acoustic monitoring technology, which detects animals through their vocalisation, with dedicated 24-hour PAM observers, and the survey operations will be monitored by marine mammal observers and a fisheries liaison officer for the duration of the survey. The approval process included a formal 30-day notice and comment period with comments considered by the issuing authority prior to approving the permit. The environmental management plan describes how eight written submissions were received. It states that there is "no anticipated impact on the small-scale fishing sector, which is unlikely to range beyond … 5.6km from the coastline; thus, falling inshore of the proposed 2D survey area". (Source: https://mg.co.za/environment/2022-01-20-seismic-surveys-on-west-coast-pose-threat-to-small-scalefishers-livelihoods-and-culture/) Answer ALL the questions in this section.
Question 2
Provide a discussion on the purpose of the above-mentioned Act.
The purpose of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) is to guarantee sustainable management and utilisation of the natural environment.
It establishes principles that govern environmental management and supports the coordination of environmental conservation and development measures.
In the situation described in the given article, NEMA comes into play because the West Coast small-scale fishers argue that the seismic surveys to be conducted by Searcher will not only have a significant impact on their livelihoods but also on the environment. As per NEMA, any proposed project that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment must undergo an environmental impact assessment (EIA) to assess the effects of that project on the environment and its constituents.
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Given the following information:
Expected demand during a lead time = 670 kg
Standard deviation of demand during a lead time = 68 kg
Demand during a lead time is distributed Normally Acceptable stockout risk during a lead time = 6 percent
Refer: z-values table.
a. What amount of safety stock is appropriate? (Round the final answer to the nearest whole number.)
Safety stock
kg
b. At what level of inventory should this item be reordered?
ROP
kg
The item should be reordered when the inventory level reaches 775 kg.we need to consider the acceptable stock out risk during the lead time. In this case, the acceptable stock out risk is 6 percent.
1. Refer to the z-values table to find the z-value corresponding to a 6 percent stockout risk. The z-value for a 6 percent stockout risk is approximately 1.55.
2. Calculate the safety stock using the formula: Safety Stock = z * Standard Deviation of Demand during Lead Time.
Safety Stock = 1.55 * 68 kg = 105.4 kg.
Rounding the final answer to the nearest whole number, the appropriate amount of safety stock is 105 kg.
b. To determine the reorder point (ROP), we need to consider the expected demand during the lead time.
1. ROP = Expected Demand during Lead Time + Safety Stock.
ROP = 670 kg + 105 kg = 775 kg.
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What comes closest to the price of a US Treasury bill with 5 weeks to maturity? The face value is $10,000, the yield to maturity is 3.2%. (Assume 52 weeks in a year.) a $9,945 b $8,920 c $9,970 d $10,000 e $9.985
The closest option to the price of a US Treasury bill with 5 weeks to maturity is option c) $9,970.
To calculate the price of a US Treasury bill with 5 weeks to maturity, we can use the following formula:
Price = Face Value / (1 + (Yield to Maturity * Time / Number of Periods))
In this case, the face value is $10,000, the yield to maturity is 3.2% (or 0.032), the time is 5 weeks, and the number of periods is 52 (assuming 52 weeks in a year).
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
Price = $10,000 / (1 + (0.032 * 5 / 52))
Price = $10,000 / (1 + 0.003076923)
Price = $10,000 / 1.003076923
Price = $9,970.27
Therefore, the correct answer is option c.
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Around Fumdure manidactures fwo producta: Futoes and Reciners. The following data are-avalable; The company can manulacture 3 futoes per machipe hour or 2 reclineris) per machine hour, The company's production capacily is 8,600 machine hours per month. To maximize proses, what product and how many unts should the company oroduce in a menth? A. 25,100 futons B. 17,200 futons and 6 reciners C. 17,200 focliners D. 25,600 futons and 17,200 redinars
The correct option is 25,600 Futons and 17,200 Recliners - D)
The company produces two products, Futons and Recliners, with the following data:
Given that the company can manufacture 3 Futons per machine hour or 2 Recliners per machine hour, and the company's production capacity is 8,600 machine hours per month.
Now, we will calculate the number of Futons produced per month:
For a Futon,
Machine hours needed per Futon = 1 / 3.So,
Futons produced per month = (8,600 * 1) / 3
= 2,867 Futons per month.
Next, we will calculate the number of Recliners produced per month:F
or a Recliner,
Machine hours needed per Recliner = 1 / 2.
So, Recliners produced per month = (8,600 * 1) / 2
= 4,300 Recliners per month.
Therefore, the company should produce 2,867 Futons per month to maximize profit, and the correct value is option D, 25,600 Futons and 17,200 Recliners.
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2) Management of Inventory in today's world is done using various techniques. Below are given two prominent techniques Drop Shipping Cross Docking Required: You are expected to provide in detail for each of the above its: Meaning How it works - - Any five (5) benefits & Any five (5) drawbacks
The details for Drop Shipping and Cross Docking:
Drop Shipping:
Meaning: Supplier ships product directly to customer; retailer doesn't keep stock.
How it works: Retailer forwards order to supplier who then ships the product directly to customer.
Benefits: Low upfront costs, wide range of products, reduced risk, increased flexibility, scalability.
Drawbacks: Limited control, lower profit margins, higher shipping costs, product availability issues, competitive disadvantage.
Cross Docking:
Meaning: Incoming products are sorted, consolidated, and shipped out without being stored.
How it works: Shipments are sorted, consolidated, and loaded directly onto outbound trucks.
Benefits: Faster delivery times, reduced inventory costs, improved efficiency, lower transportation costs, increased product freshness.
Drawbacks: Higher shipping costs, limited flexibility, increased risk, need for technology, potential for errors.
Drop Shipping: Meaning: Drop shipping is a retail fulfillment method where a store doesn't keep the products it sells in stock. Instead, when a store sells a product, it purchases the item from a third party and has it shipped directly to the customer.
How it works:
The retailer lists the products on their website or platform without having them physically in stock.
When a customer orders a product, the retailer places an order with the supplier or wholesaler who ships the product directly to the customer.
The retailer makes a profit by charging a markup on the difference between the wholesale price and the retail price.
Benefits:
Low startup costs as there is no need to purchase inventory upfront.
Lower risk as there is no inventory investment.
No storage space required.
Wider range of products available to sell without carrying inventory.
Scalability is easier due to not having to handle inventory.
Drawbacks:
Lack of control over quality of products or shipping times.
Profit margins can be lower due to competition and market pricing pressures.
Returns and refunds can be more challenging to manage.
Reliance on suppliers for product availability and pricing.
Harder to differentiate from competitors selling the same products.
Cross Docking:
Meaning: Cross docking is a logistics strategy where products are transferred from one inbound truck to another outbound truck with very little or no handling time in between. The goal of cross docking is to reduce handling and storage time, increase efficiency, and speed up the supply chain.
How it works:
Products are received from suppliers and sorted into different categories for distribution.
These products are then moved to a cross docking terminal where they are sorted and consolidated.
The consolidated products are then directly loaded onto outbound trucks for delivery to their destination.
Benefits:
Reduced handling time and labor costs.
Faster delivery times due to reduced handling and storage time.
Lower inventory carrying costs due to reduced storage time.
Increased efficiency in the supply chain.
Higher customer satisfaction due to faster delivery times.
Drawbacks:
Requires a well-coordinated logistics system and infrastructure.
Dependency on suppliers to deliver products on time for consolidation.
Limited flexibility to make last-minute changes or adjustments.
Higher transportation costs due to increased frequency of shipments.
Requires more advanced technology and tracking systems to coordinate cross docking activities.
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Concepts completed i Multiple Select Question Select all that apply 4 0-1₂ Q₂=12(Q₁) = - Q, describes 2b the Cournot reaction function of the leader in a Stackelberg model. the output of the follower in a Stackelberg oligopoly. the Cournot reaction function of the follower in a Stackelberg model. the profit of the leader in a Stackelberg oligopoly. Need help? Review these concept resources. Read About the Concept
The equation Q2 = -Q1 describes the Cournot reaction function of the follower in a Stackelberg oligopoly. In a Stackelberg oligopoly, there is a leader firm that moves first, and then the follower firm moves. The follower firm's reaction function shows how much output it will produce as a function of the leader firm's output.
Cournot reaction function: A Cournot reaction function is a mathematical expression that shows how one firm in an oligopoly will change its output in response to a change in the output of another firm.
Stackelberg oligopoly: A Stackelberg oligopoly is a type of oligopoly where one firm is the leader and the other firms are followers. The leader firm moves first, and then the follower firms move.
Output: In economics, output is the amount of goods or services produced by a firm.
In the equation Q2 = -Q1, Q2 is the output of the follower firm and Q1 is the output of the leader firm. The negative sign means that the follower firm's output is inversely related to the leader firm's output. This means that if the leader firm produces more output, the follower firm will produce less output, and vice versa.
The equation Q2 = -Q1 is a simplified representation of the Cournot reaction function of the follower in a Stackelberg oligopoly. In reality, the follower firm's reaction function would be more complex, taking into account factors such as the prices of the goods produced by the firms and the costs of production.
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MPI Incorporated has $12 billion in assets, and its tax rate is 25%. Its basic earning power (BEP) ratio is 13%, and its return on assets (ROA) is 4%. What is MPI's times-interest-earned (TIE) ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
MPI's estimated times-interest-earned (TIE) ratio is 13.00.
To calculate MPI's times-interest-earned (TIE) ratio, we need to first calculate its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). We can use the basic earning power (BEP) ratio to do this:
BEP = EBIT / Total Assets
Rearranging the formula, we get:
EBIT = BEP x Total Assets
EBIT = 0.13 x $12 billion
EBIT = $1.56 billion
Next, we can use the return on assets (ROA) to calculate MPI's net income:
ROA = Net Income / Total Assets
Rearranging the formula, we get:
Net Income = ROA x Total Assets
Net Income = 0.04 x $12 billion
Net Income = $480 million
Now, we can use the TIE ratio formula:
TIE = EBIT / Interest Expense
We don't have information on MPI's interest expense, so we can't calculate the exact TIE ratio. However, we can use the tax rate to estimate the interest expense:
Interest Expense = (Net Income + Tax Expense) - Net Income
Interest Expense = ($480 million + ($480 million x 0.25)) - $480 million
Interest Expense = $120 million
Using this estimate of interest expense, we can calculate MPI's TIE ratio:
TIE = EBIT / Interest Expense
TIE = $1.56 billion / $120 million
TIE = 13.00
Therefore, MPI's estimated times-interest-earned (TIE) ratio is 13.00.
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case analaysis
Seller in Bombay sells 5,000 bales of cotton to Buyer, C & F (Incoterms 1990) Liverpool. Seller transports the cotton to the Bombay harbor and to the ship designed to Buyer, the SS Allthumbs. Due to an error in counting, only 4,987
bales were loaded. The ship’s bill of lading, however, shows a quantity of 5,000 bales. Seller then signs over the bill of lading to Buyer in exchange for payment in full for the cotton. When the Allthumbs arrives in Liverpool, the quantity error is discovered, and Buyer sues the ship for lost value of missing bales. Is the ship liable? Would it matter if Seller admitted that error was not the ship’s fault, but that of Seller?
The responsibility lies with the Seller and the Buyer to resolve the discrepancy between the actual quantity loaded and the quantity mentioned in the bill of lading.
In this situation, the ship would not be liable for the lost value of the missing bales. The bill of lading serves as evidence of the quantity of goods received by the carrier, which in this case is the ship. By signing the bill of lading, the Seller acknowledged and confirmed the quantity mentioned in it, thus transferring the risk and responsibility to the Buyer. The ship is not responsible for the discrepancy between the loaded quantity and the quantity mentioned in the bill of lading, as it relies on the information provided by the Seller.
Therefore, even if the Seller admits that the error was not the ship's fault, it would not change the ship's liability in this situation. The responsibility lies with the Seller and the Buyer to resolve the discrepancy between the actual quantity loaded and the quantity mentioned in the bill of lading.
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Explain where and how negotiation is and might be used in dealing with the issue of price-fixing defeat in Apple?
Please provide an answer with authentic references.
Negotiation refers to the discussions between two parties to reach a mutually acceptable solution to a problem or conflict. The concept of negotiation can be applied to the issue of price-fixing defeat in Apple in different ways. One way that negotiation can be used is to resolve the legal issues surrounding the case.
Since price-fixing is illegal and goes against anti-trust laws, the parties involved, including Apple and other tech companies, may engage in negotiations to reach a settlement that avoids litigation and other legal consequences. This type of negotiation can take place in different settings such as court mediation, or arbitration.
Another way that negotiation can be used in dealing with the issue of price-fixing in Apple is through bargaining. This can take place between Apple and its suppliers, or between Apple and its customers. Apple can negotiate with its suppliers to lower the costs of the materials that it uses to manufacture its products.
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BP, a UK energy company, has just signed a contract on 1st June 2020 to import $2,000,000 of raw materials from a US company. The payment is due in six months’
time. The board of BP expect a steep depreciation of Sterling against $, hence they are considering two alternative ways to hedge their exposure.
1) A forward hedge
2) A futures hedge
Market Data at 1st June 2020:
Exchange rates: Spot $1.25/£
6-month Forward $1.23/£
Currency futures: CME £125,000 Dec 2020 Contract (cash-settled): $1.24/£
Interest rates (borrowing and lending): UK 1% per annum
US 2% per annum
Required:
a) Evaluate the outcome of the two alternative hedging methods in 6 months' time if exchange rates have moved to:
i) $1.21/£
ii) $1.32/£
Your answer should include both a numerical and a written summary and evaluation.
b) The company's financial manager also proposes the use of money market hedging, i.e. a synthetic forward.
i) Explain how the company would use a money market hedge based on the above market data.
ii) Calculate the effective exchange rate and evaluate the outcome against your answer in a).
The synthetic forward contract is the best choice. The effective exchange rate is calculated as follows: The effective exchange rate is 1.2326, which is better than the rates of $1.21/£ and $1.32/£. Therefore, the synthetic forward contract is the best choice.
a)
i) Forward Hedge:
With a forward hedge, BP locked in a forward exchange rate of $1.23/£. If the exchange rate in 6 months' time is $1.21/£, BP would benefit from the forward hedge as they can buy dollars at a more favorable rate. The gain on the forward hedge would be ($1.23 - $1.21) x £2,000,000 = £40,000.
Futures Hedge:
Using the currency futures contract, BP locked in a futures price of $1.24/£. If the exchange rate in 6 months' time is $1.21/£, BP would also benefit from the futures hedge as they can sell pounds at a more favorable rate. The gain on the futures hedge would be ($1.24 - $1.21) x £2,000,000 = £60,000.
ii) Forward Hedge:
If the exchange rate in 6 months' time is $1.32/£, BP would incur a loss on the forward hedge as they locked in a less favorable rate. The loss on the forward hedge would be ($1.23 - $1.32) x £2,000,000 = -£180,000.
Futures Hedge:
If the exchange rate in 6 months' time is $1.32/£, BP would also incur a loss on the futures hedge. The loss on the futures hedge would be ($1.24 - $1.32) x £2,000,000 = -£160,000.
In summary, if the exchange rate moves to $1.21/£, both the forward hedge and futures hedge result in gains for BP. However, if the exchange rate moves to $1.32/£, both hedging methods result in losses for BP.
b)
i) Money Market Hedge:
In a money market hedge, BP would borrow pounds and convert them into dollars at the spot exchange rate. The borrowed pounds would be invested in the UK at the UK interest rate. In this case, the borrowed amount would be £2,000,000.
The dollar amount received would be £2,000,000 x $1.25/£ = $2,500,000. This amount would be invested in the US at the US interest rate.
At the end of the 6 months, the investment in the US would grow to $2,500,000 x (1 + 2%/2)^(6/12) = $2,515,000.
The effective exchange rate would be $2,515,000 / £2,000,000 = $1.2575/£.
ii) The outcome of the money market hedge would depend on the actual exchange rate at the end of the 6 months compared to the effective exchange rate of $1.2575/£. If the actual exchange rate is higher than $1.2575/£, the money market hedge would result in a gain for BP. If the actual exchange rate is lower than $1.2575/£, the money market hedge would result in a loss for BP.
Comparing the outcomes to the previous answers in part a), the money market hedge provides a different approach to managing currency exposure and its outcome would depend on the actual exchange rate movements.
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Quilcene Oysteria farms and sells oysters in the Pacific Northwest. The company harvested and sold 7,500 pounds of oysters in August. The company's flexible budget for August appears below: Quilcene Oysteria Flexible Budget For the Month Ended August 31 Actual pounds (g) 7,500 Revenue ($4.05g) Expenses 30,375 Packing supplies ($0.25g) oyster bed maintenance ($3,100) Wages and salaries ($2,100$0.30g) Shipping ($0.65q) Utilities ($1,220) Other (s460$0.01g) 1,875 3,100 4,350 4,875 1,220 535 15,955 $ 14,420 Total expense Net operating income The actual results for August appear below: Quilcene Oysteria Income Statement For the Month Ended August 31 Actual pounds 7,500 27,200- Revenue Expenses: Packing supplies Oyster bed maintenance Wages and salaries Shipping Utilities Other 2,045 2,960 4,760 4,605 1,030 1,155 16,555 Total expense s 10,645 Net operating income Required: Calculate the company's revenue and spending variances for August. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no offect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)
The difference between actual revenue earned and anticipated or planned revenue is referred to as revenue variance. It calculates the difference between actual revenue performance and the amount anticipated or budgeted.The solution is as follows:
Revenue variance = (Actual pounds of oysters sold * Actual Selling price) – (Actual pounds of oysters sold * Standard Selling price)
Revenue variance = Actual pounds of oysters sold * (Actual Selling price – Standard Selling price)
Revenue variance = 7500 * (4.05 – 4.00)
Revenue variance = 375
Unfavorable variance of $375 Spending Variances
Packing Supplies Variance = Actual Pounds of oysters sold * (Actual Cost per pound of Packing Supplies – Standard Cost per pound of Packing Supplies)
Packing Supplies Variance = 7500 * (0.25 – 0.20)
Packing Supplies Variance = 187.50
Favorable variance of $187.50
Oyster bed maintenance Variance = Actual Oyster bed maintenance costs – Standard Oyster bed maintenance cost
Oyster bed maintenance Variance = 2960 – 3100
Oyster bed maintenance Variance = -140
Favorable variance of $140
Wages and salaries Variance = Actual Pounds of oysters sold * (Actual Cost per pound of Wages and salaries – Standard Cost per pound of Wages and salaries)
Wages and salaries Variance = 7500 * (0.30 – 0.25)
Wages and salaries Variance = 375
Favorable variance of $375
Shipping Variance = Actual Pounds of oysters sold * (Actual Cost per pound of Shipping – Standard Cost per pound of Shipping)
Shipping Variance = 7500 * (0.65 – 0.70)
Shipping Variance = -375
Favorable variance of $375
Utilities Variance = Actual Utilities Cost – Standard Utilities Cost
Utilities Variance = 1030 – 1220
Utilities Variance = -190
Favorable variance of $190
Other Variance = Actual Pounds of oysters sold * (Actual Cost per pound of Other – Standard Cost per pound of Other)
Other Variance = 7500 * (0.01 – 0.01)
Other Variance = 0None
Total Variance = Total Actual Cost – Total Standard Cost
Total Variance = 10,645 – 14,420
Total Variance = -3775
Favorable variance of $3775
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