problem 20.17 show how this carboxylic acid can be converted into the corresponding alcohol using nabh4 as the reducing agent. hint: can you convert the carboxylic acid into a different acid derivative first?

[Ar]4s24p5  is the electron configuration for Br and Y in noble-gas notation on Using  the periodic table.

Bromine (Br) is a chemical element with atomic number 35, which means it has 35 electrons. To determine its electron configuration in noble-gas notation, we first need to locate the nearest noble gas, which is helium (He) with 2 electrons. From there, we can write the electron configuration for Br by adding electrons in the order of increasing energy levels. Starting from the He configuration, we add the electrons for the next energy levels: 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, and 3p6. Finally, we add the remaining 5 electrons in the 4th energy level, giving us the noble-gas notation [Ar]4s24p5 for Br. Yttrium (Y), on the other hand, is a metal element with atomic number 39, which means it has 39 electrons. To determine its noble-gas electron configuration, we need to find the noble gas that comes before it in the periodic table, which is argon (Ar) with 18 electrons. Starting from the Ar configuration, we add electrons for the next energy levels: 4s2 and 3d1. This gives us the noble-gas notation [Kr]5s24d1 for Y. Note that the 5s2 electron configuration in the Kr notation is equivalent to the 4s2 electron configuration in the Ar notation, as they both occupy the same energy level. Overall, the noble-gas notation is a way of representing the electron configuration of an atom using the electron configuration of a noble gas, which is usually the closest gas that has a completely filled inner electron shell. It is a useful shorthand notation that makes it easier to compare and understand the electron configurations of different atoms.

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Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is a kitchen staple that can do wonders for cleaning smelly or clogged clothes, appliances, and even drains. As a natural mineral compound, baking soda can dissolve mineral deposits and organic matter such as grease.

Procedure to unclog a shower drain with baking soda and vinegar:

1. Heating Boiling Water

Heat boiling water in a kettle on the stove or in a large flow-through measuring cup in the microwave.

2. Put boil water and Dish soap into drain:

Pour dish soap down the drain and carefully drain the boiling water. Dishwashing liquid can help clear up greasy blockages.

3. Pour Baking Soda Down the Drain

Pour one cup of baking soda down the drain. To do this, it is difficult to pour water directly into the drain using a measuring cup or funnel if the drain is small.

4. Pour in vinegar

Pour one cup of distilled white vinegar down the drain. Don't be surprised by the sound response that occurs. Baking soda is an alkali, whereas vinegar is a weak acetic acid. When they mix, they react rather dramatically, neutralizing each other. The hiss you hear is often a response to knocking on a blockage in the drain.

5. Rinse with plenty of hot water.

Wait 5 minutes when hissing stops. Use this time to boil two cups of water. Rinse the drain with this extra boiling water. If water is leaking from the drain, run hot tap water to flush the debris down the drain. If it doesn't merge, repeat the previous step.

Complete Question:

How To Unclog Drain With Baking Soda And Vinegar?

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A buffer solution with a pH of 4 is created by mixing 0.3 m hydrofluoric acid and 0.7 m sodium fluoride in equal parts.

To calculate the number of moles of HF and F-,

moles HF = molarity * volume

               = 0.3 * 1 L = 0.3 moles

moles F- = molarity * volume

              = 0.7 m * 1L = 0.7 moles

by using the ICE table :

              HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaF(aq) + H2O(l)

initial        0.3              0                    0.7

change  -0.08         0.08              + 0.08

Equ      (0.3 - 0.08)                            (0.7+0.08)

∴ [HF] = 0.3 - 0.08 = 0.22 m

∴[F-] = 0.7 + 0.08 = 0.78 m

when we have Ka for HF = 3.5 x 10⁻⁴

∴Pka = - ㏒ Ka

        = - ㏒ (3.5x10⁻⁴)

        = 3.46

by using the PH formula :

PH = Pka + ㏒[F-]/[HF]

by substitution:

∴PH = 3.46 + ㏒( 0.78 / 0.22)

∴PH = 4

first, we have to get moles of HF & F-

moles HF = molarity * volume

               = 0.3 * 1 L = 0.3 moles

moles F- = molarity * volume

              = 0.7 m * 1L = 0.7 moles

by using the ICE table :

              HF(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaF(aq) + H2O(l)

initial        0.3              0                    0.7

change  -  0.08             0.08                  + 0.08

Equ      (0.3 - 0.08)                            (0.7+0.08)

∴ [HF] = 0.3 - 0.08 = 0.22 m

∴[F-] = 0.7 + 0.08 = 0.78 m

when we have Ka for HF = 3.5 x 10 ⁻⁴

∴Pka = - ㏒ Ka

        = - ㏒ (3.5x10⁻⁴)

        = 3.46

by using the PH formula :

PH = Pka + ㏒[F-]/[HF]

by substitution:

∴PH = 3.46 + ㏒( 0.78 / 0.22)

∴it is the buffer solution PH = 4

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Percy Julian was a synthetic organic chemist that successfully synthesized physostigmine. The given statement is True.

Percy Julian was a prominent African American chemist who made significant contributions to the field of organic chemistry, particularly in the area of natural product synthesis.

He is well-known for his synthesis of several important drugs, including physostigmine, but he was not the first to synthesize this compound.

Physostigmine, also known as eserine, was first isolated from the Calabar bean (Physostigma venenosum) in 1864 by the Scottish physician and botanist Sir Thomas Richard Fraser.

Its chemical structure was determined in the early 20th century, and several researchers attempted its synthesis before Percy Julian succeeded in 1935.

So, the statement is partially true, as Percy Julian did synthesize physostigmine, but he was not the first to do so.

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Molar concentration of the FeCl2 solution is calculated as 3.947 M.

Molar concentration of the solution is defined as number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Given, mass of FeCl2 = 225 g and molar mass of FeCl2 = 126.75 g/mol

So, moles of FeCl2 = mass of FeCl2 / molar mass of FeCl2

= 225 g / 126.75 g/mol

= 1.776 moles

Given, volume of the solution is 450 mL, or 0.45 L,

the molar concentration can be calculated by:

molar concentration = moles of FeCl2 / volume of solution

= 1.776 moles / 0.45 L

= 3.947 M

So the molar concentration of the FeCl2 solution is 3.947 M.

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Answer:

1.777

Explanation:

To determine the number of moles of FeCl2 in the solution, we need to first convert the given mass of FeCl2 to moles using its molar mass.

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

Mass of FeCl2 = 225 g

Molar mass of FeCl2 = 126.75 g/mol

Number of moles of FeCl2 = 225 g / 126.75 g/mol = 1.777 moles

Therefore, the solution contains 1.777 moles of FeCl2.

According to the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction between HCl and methane 600.32 g  of HCI are produced by the reaction of 64.9 grams of methane.

Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The  relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.

In the given chemical  reaction, 16 g methane gives 148 g HCl , thus, 64.9 g of methane will give 64.9×148/16= 600.32 g.

Thus,  600.32 g  of HCI are produced by the reaction of 64.9 grams of methane.

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The simulation can be modified to demonstrate different isotopes have different half lives by [tex]-\frac{d[A]}{dt} = k[A]^n[/tex]

Partial life is a partial life because it's defined this way. stay lower than that, and the decay will take out lower than partial tittles; stay more, and it'll take out further than half.

The partial life is used as a accessible measure because a sample of isotopes decays exponentially with time. Each snippet has the same chance of decaying in a fixed time interval and this leads to an exponential decay. All tittles bear the same way and continue to decay until all have been changed, whether this takes glories or seconds.

You can just as fluently define a" one- third" life, a" quarter- life". Radioactive isotopes decay exponentially; half- life is just accessible measure that captures the kinetics of the decay.

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Today was a difficult day. The sun's rays seemed to beat down on us like never before - the heat was unbearable.

What do you mean by the ozone layer?

The ozone layer is a region of Earth’s atmosphere located in the stratosphere, between 10 and 30 km above Earth’s surface. It is composed of ozone molecules, which are made up of three oxygen atoms (O3). The ozone layer acts as a shield, blocking most of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. This helps protect life on Earth from the harmful effects of UV radiation.

I can only imagine what life would be like without the ozone layer. Without the ozone layer protecting us, we are exposed to the damaging rays of the sun, including UV radiation.

The air quality is also much worse. With the ozone layer gone, there would be a huge increase in the amount of pollution in the air, leading to much more severe health issues for people than we currently experience.

It's also getting harder and harder to grow food. With the depletion of the ozone layer, crops are being destroyed by the intense heat, leaving us with much less food than we used to have.

It's a struggle to get through each day without the ozone layer. I miss the days when I could go outside and be comfortable, rather than feeling like I'm suffocating from the heat.

It's so hard to see the world suffer from the lack of an ozone layer. I can only hope that something is done soon to save us from this reality.

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Answer: 20.16cm³ of CO₂ produced

Explanation: the equation for the reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2) is:

2CO (g) + O₂ (g) → 2CO₂ (g)

Given that 20 cm³ of carbon monoxide is reacted with 10 cm³ of oxygen. From the equation,

we can see that two molecules of CO react with one molecule of O₂to produce two molecules of CO₂

Since we have 20 cm³ of CO and 10 cm³ of O₂, we can calculate the number of moles of CO and O₂ as follows:

CO: 20 cm³ x (1 mole / 22.4 cm³) = 0.89 moles

O₂: 10 cm³ x (1 mole / 22.4 cm³) = 0.45 moles

Since two molecules of CO react with one molecule of O₂, the number of moles of O₂ is half the number of moles of CO. Since we have 0.45 moles of O₂, we can calculate the number of moles of CO₂ produced as follows:

0.45 moles x 2 = 0.9 moles

Finally, to find the volume of CO₂ produced, we can multiply the number of moles of CO₂ by the volume occupied by one mole of CO₂:

0.9 moles x 22.4 cm³/mole = 20.16 cm³

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The number of buckets we need to separate these chemicals is 3.

Intermolecular force of the attraction is defined as the attraction by which two atoms or two molecules combine to form a molecule or matter. This force is basically attractive in nature. Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion which acts between neighboring particles. It acts between atom and ions also. The intermolecular force usually varies for solid, liquid and gaseous matter.

Here, C₂H₆ have London dispersion forces

CH₃F have Dipole-Dipole forces

CH₄ have London dispersion forces

NH₃ have hydrogen bonding

Hence, in order to separate these chemicals we need 3 buckets (different kinds of imf).

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Answer:

3.4 (2/5) (sorry i dont have a calculator )

Explanation:

3.4 moles of O2 x (2 moles of P2O5/5 moles of O2)

= 3.4 (2/5)

One common method for separating and recovering a basic compound from a mixture containing an acidic compound and a neutral compound is through a technique called liquid-liquid extraction

In liquid-liquid extraction, the mixture is dissolved in a suitable solvent, which is then mixed with another immiscible solvent that has different affinities for the different components in the mixture. The two solvents will form separate layers, allowing for the isolation of each component.

To extract the basic compound, an acidic aqueous solution is typically used to protonate the basic compound and convert it into a water-soluble salt. The salt can then be extracted from the organic layer by adding the acidic aqueous solution and shaking the mixture. The acidic aqueous solution will then be separated from the organic layer and the basic compound can be recovered by adding a basic solution to the acidic solution to neutralize the salt and free the basic compound.

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Answer:

exchange of heat

Explanation:

as metal is at high temprature therefore it will lose heat and will be absorbed by the water

there are approximately 4.069 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] iron atoms in a hemoglobin molecule.

The number of iron atoms in a hemoglobin molecule can be calculated as follows:

First, determine the mass of iron in a single hemoglobin molecule:

mass of iron = 0.35% * 65,000 g/mol = 227.5 g/mol

Next, convert the mass of iron to the number of iron atoms by dividing by the atomic mass of iron:

1 iron atom = 55.845 g/mol

number of iron atoms = 227.5 g/mol / 55.845 g/mol/atom = 4.069 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]iron atoms/mol

So there are approximately 4.069 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] iron atoms in a single hemoglobin molecule.

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From highest to lowest, the following aqueous solutions are: 0.475 m K3PO4 (highest), 0.907 m KBR, 1.67 m CH3OH, 0.530 m NA2SO4, and 0.722 m NH4NO3 (lowest).

The boiling point of a salt solution rises as the boiling point does. A Rhizob provides the majority of eubacterial antibiotics. As can be seen from the concentration figures, methanol has the lowest concentration. Methanol will have the lowest boiling point as a result. The solution of 0.10 M SrCl2 in 300.0 mL contains the most ions as a result. Therefore, 1.0 MNa2SO4 has the maximum boiling point value. The most highly vaporized substance is 1-chloropentane. Because of its boiling point's "propto 1/("branching")," tert-butyl alcohol has the lowest boiling point. Surface area decreases with increasing branching.

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Antimony is an element having atomic number 51 and mass number 121.76 u. It has 51 number of proton and electrons.

Phosphorus is an element having the atomic number 15. It has 15 protons, electrons, and 16 neutrons.

The symbol of magnesium is Mg whereas the symbol of cobalt in Co.

The two subatomic particles present in the nucleus are the proton and neutron. They are collectively called nucleons. The proton has a positive charge, the electron has a negative charge whereas the neutron has no charge.

Protons and neutrons are accordingly called nucleons since they are in the nucleus of the atom. electrons are a type of subatomic speck with a negative charge. Protons are a type of subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Neutrons, further with protons, are subatomic particles found inside the nucleus of every atom. Neutrons have an impartial electric charge (neither negative nor positive) and have rather more mass than positively charged protons.

So we can conclude that Unlike protons and neutrons, which are detected inside the nucleus at the center of the atom, electrons are initiated outside the nucleus.

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We must first determine how many moles of element X there are in the sample in order to solve the problem: The atomic mass of element y is 24.31 amu because [tex]27.22 g / 33.42 g/mol = 0.814 mol of x[/tex].

The mass of an atom in a chemical element is referred to as having a "atomic mass," which is a fundamental notion in chemistry. Atomic mass units (amu), which are based on the mass of a carbon-12 atom, are used to measure it. The average mass of all an element's isotopes, taking into account their abundance, is what is known as the atomic mass of that element. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus influences its chemical properties, hence the atomic mass of an element is a crucial characteristic. Analytical chemistry has several practical uses for understanding atomic mass, particularly in mass spectrometry and isotope labelling.

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Answer:

Matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion and have energy

Explanation:

As the reaction occurs at constant temperature, the pressure inside the container remain the same.

Pressure is defined as the force was applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed. 445 Gauge pressure indicates the pressure in relation to the surrounding atmosphere.

Pressure is expressed using a variety of units. Some of these stem from a unit of forces exerted by an area unit. the Si derived unit of pressure, this same pascal (Pa), for instance, becomes a newton every square metre (N/m²).

P×V = n×R×T

As the reaction occurs at constant temperature, the pressure inside the container remain the same.

Therefore, as the reaction occurs at constant temperature, the pressure inside the container remain the same.

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The ice particles have a lower average kinetic energy. Consequently, ice is distinct from the water vapour that develops as the water starts to boil.

Chemistry defines an object's kinetic energy as the amount of work it produces when in motion. Activities like walking, climbing, tossing, and dropping consume kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is a type of energy that a moving object or particle has. When an item undergoes work—the transfer of energy—by being subjected to a net force, it accelerates and acquires kinetic energy. A moving object or particle's kinetic energy, which depends on both mass and speed, is one of its properties. Any combination of movements, including translation, rotation along an axis, and vibration, may be used as the kind of motion.

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The  compound will be isolated from the aqueous acidic solution that results from mixing 3 m HCl with the ether solution of the organic reactants is ethyl-4-aminobenzoate.

The insulation of organic composites is of particular interest to the oil painting, medicinal, ornamental, and alcohol product diligence. Achieving a good separation requires a conscious selection of the fashion to be used, depending on the physical parcels of the organic emulsion.

The compound that shows basic nature can be isolated in aqueous medium by mixing HCl solution.

Among the given (a) ethyl-4-aminobenzoate has a basic amino group which can react with HCl to form soluble salt that enters into aqueous medium.

So (a)  Ethyl 4-aminibenzoate.

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Complete question:

According to the procedure for experiment 4C, which compound will be isolated trom the aqueous acidic solution that results from mixing 3 M HC with the ether solution of the arganic reactants?

A Ethyl 4-aminibenzoate

B 9 fluorenone

C benzoic acid

D the hydrochloride salt of benzoic acid

Answer:

Chlorine

Explanation:

Because this will remove dirt and stain and it will kill microorganisms that can cause diseases.

The order of reaction is 1/2 with respect to that reactant when the concentration of a reactant is doubled.

Rate of reaction =k[A] ⁿ where n is the order of reaction

=>r₁=k[A₁]ⁿ-----(eq1)

=>r₂=k[A₂]ⁿ-------(eq2)

Dividing eq2 with eq1

=>r₂/r₁=[A₂]ⁿ / [A₁]ⁿ

=>2/1 = [4/1]ⁿ

=>4ⁿ=2

=>n=1/2

The order of reaction is characterized as the power reliance of the rate on the centralization of every reactant.

When the rate law of a reaction is resolved a similar regulation can be utilized to totally figure out the creation of the response combination. At the end of the day, the reaction request is the type to which the convergence of the particular species is raised, and it shows to what level the centralization of the species influences the pace of reaction. It likewise demonstrates up to which degree the species makes an extensive difference. For instance, the pace of a first order of reaction is resolved simply by the convergence of one animal types in the reaction.

​

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The mass in grams of hydrogen atoms in a sample of butanol, C4H9OH, containing 3.01 x 10^23 molecules is approximately 5.05 grams

The mass of the hydrogen atoms in one molecule of butanol is 9 atomic mass units * 1 atomic mass unit/atom = 9 atomic mass units.

We have the sample contains 3.01 x 10^23 molecules, then the total mass of the hydrogen atoms in the sample is:

9 atomic mass units/molecule * 3.01 x 10^23 molecules

= 27.09 x 10^23 atomic mass units

We then convert the atomic mass units to grams we have:

27.09 x 10^23 atomic mass units * (1 gram/6.022 x 10^23 atomic mass units) = 4.51 grams approximately 5.05 grams

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If 18.1 ml of 0.800 m hcl solution are needed to neutralize 5.00 ml of a household ammonia solution, The molar concentration of the ammonia solution is 2.88 M.

Molar attention is the most effective way of describing a solute attention in a result. Molarity is described as the total number of intelligencers of solute dissolved in per liter of result, i.e., M = spook/ L. All intelligencers measures are applied to determine the volume of intelligencers in the result that's the molar attention.

Chemical equation

                                    HCl +  NH3 ------> NH4Cl

First of calculate the moles of HCl

mole of HCl = Molarity × Vol (L)

mole of HCl = 0.800× 0.018 = 0.014 mole

As the in balance chemical, moles of HCl and NH3 are equal

so

                       moles of NH3= 0.014

                      Molarity of NH3 = moles ÷ V(L) = 0.014/0.005 =  2.88 M

Result:

The molarity of ammonia will be 2.88 M.

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The molality of HCl in the solution is[tex]0.00122 mol/kg[/tex]

Molality is defined as the number of moles of a solute in one kilogram of a solvent. In this case, the solvent is water.

To calculate the molality, we first need to calculate the molarity of the solution. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of a solute in one liter of solution.

To calculate the molarity, we need to know the mass of the solute (HCl) and the volume of the solution. The mass of the solute can be calculated using the density of the solution (1.22 g/ml):

Mass of HCl =[tex]Density * Volume[/tex]

Volume = [tex]\frac{Mass}{Density }[/tex]

Volume =[tex]\frac{(12.0 mol/L) }{ (1.22 g/ml) }= 9.839 L[/tex]

Molarity = [tex]\frac{ (12.0 mol/L) }{(9.839 L) }= 1.22 mol/L[/tex]

Now, we can calculate the molality:

Molality = [tex]\frac{ (1.22 mol/L) }{(1000 g/kg) }= 0.00122 mol/kg[/tex]

Therefore, the molality of HCl in the solution is [tex]0.00122 mol/kg[/tex].

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The number of moles of 33 g of sodium chloride is 0.564 . The volume of ocean water considered is 1 L. Then the molarity of the solution is 0.564 M.

Molarity of a solution is a common term used to express the concentration of a solution. It is the the ratio of number of moles of the solute to the volume of solution in liters.

Given that 1 liter of ocean water contains 33 g of NaCl.

molar mass of sodium chloride = 58.5 g/mol.

no.of moles in 33 g of NaCl = 58.5 /33  = 0.564 moles.

volume of ocean water = 1 L

molarity = no.of moles of solute/volume of solution in L.

= 0.564 mole/ 1 l = 0.564 M.

Therefore, the molarity of the salt in sea water is 0.564 M.

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Water is absorbed in the intestine through the process of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

In the intestine, the semi-permeable membrane is the cell wall of the intestinal epithelium.

As water moves into the intestine, it dilutes the concentration of solutes such as glucose and electrolytes, creating an osmotic gradient. This gradient drives the movement of water into the bloodstream, where it is distributed throughout the body and helps to maintain fluid balance.

In addition to osmosis, active transport mechanisms, such as sodium-glucose cotransporters, also play a role in absorbing water and electrolytes from the intestine. These transporters actively transport solutes and water across the cell membrane and into the bloodstream, further contributing to the regulation of fluid balance in the body.

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We need 140 mL of 0.656 M HNO3 to dissolve 6.31 g of BaCO3.

To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between nitric acid (HNO3) and barium carbonate (BaCO3).

The balanced equation is:

2HNO3(aq) + BaCO3(s) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

From this equation, we can see that 2 moles of HNO3 react with 1 mole of BaCO3. We can use this information to calculate the number of moles of HNO3 needed to react with 6.31 g of BaCO3.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of BaCO3:

molar mass of BaCO3 = 137.33 g/mol

moles of BaCO3 = mass / molar mass = 6.31 g / 137.33 g/mol ≈ 0.046 mol

Since 2 moles of HNO3 react with 1 mole of BaCO3, we need 2 x 0.046 = 0.092 moles of HNO3.

Now we can use the molarity of the HNO3 solution to calculate the volume needed:

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

0.656 M = 0.092 mol / volume of HNO3 solution (in liters)

Solving for volume of HNO3 solution, we get:

volume of HNO3 solution = 0.092 mol / 0.656 M = 0.140 L = 140 mL

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