The present value of a $450, 3-year annuity at 7% interest rate is $1,173.60.
The formula for calculating the present value of an annuity is: P = A x [(1 - (1 + r)-n) / r] P = present value of the annuity
A = periodic payment r = interest rate n = number of periods
Substituting the given values:
A = $450 r = 7% = 0.07 n = 3 years
P = $450 x [(1 - (1 + 0.07)-3) / 0.07] P = $450 x [(1 - 0.8163) / 0.07] P = $450 x (5.7475) P = $2,586.37
However, we need to find the present value of the annuity which is the value of the annuity in today's dollars. We know that the present value of a future sum of money can be found using the formula:
PV = FV / (1 + r)n where: PV = present value FV = future value r = interest rate n = number of years
The future value of the annuity is $2,586.37 (the value of the annuity in three years). So we can calculate the present value as follows:
PV = $2,586.37 / (1 + 0.07)3 PV = $2,586.37 / 1.225 PV = $2,109.71
Therefore, the present value of a $450, 3-year annuity at 7% interest rate is $2,109.71.
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Assuming all the following items involved Cash, which of these will not appear in the Financing Activities section of the Statement of Cash Flows
a) Dividend Revenues
b) Treasury Stock Reissuances
c) Issue of Common Stock above par value
d) Retirement of Bonds Payable
e) A loan received in exchange of a Long term Notes Payable
The following item which involved cash and will not appear in the financing activities section of the statement of cash flows is dividend revenues. Dividend Revenues. Statement of Cash Flows It is a financial statement that outlines the cash inflows and outflows of a company. It describes the company's operations, investing activities, and financing activities. It assists in assessing the organization's financial position by comparing the volume of cash coming in and going out at different periods.
Cash inflows: Cash received from operating activities: It's the money earned from the day-to-day operations of the company, such as the money earned from selling goods and services. Cash received from investing activities: It's the money earned from investing in assets like machinery, equipment, buildings, and other businesses. Cash received from financing activities: This is the money earned by the company as a result of borrowing money, selling shares, or other forms of funding. The following is a list of the different financial activities in which a company can engage: Financing activities: This category includes activities that result in changes in the size and composition of owners' capital and long-term liabilities. Examples of activities that appear in the financing activities section include issuing and repurchasing stock and bonds, repaying debt, and paying dividends. Here, all of the above except for dividend revenue are examples of financing activities that will appear in the statement of cash flows.
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For most of us. the Internet is a tool we use for email, news, entertainment, socializing, and shopping. But for computer security experts affiliated with government agencies and private contractors, the Internet has become a battlefield, a war zone where cyberwarfare is becoming more frequent and hacking techniques are becoming more advanced. Is cyberwarfare a serious problem? Why or why not? What solutions are available to organizations to protect themselves from this new threat to avoid any disruptions to their operations?
Yes, cyberwarfare is a serious problem with significant implications for governments, organizations, and individuals. Here are some reasons why it is a serious concern:
Potential for Significant Damage: Cyberwarfare can cause extensive damage to critical infrastructure, government systems, corporate networks, and individuals' digital assets. Attacks can disrupt essential services, compromise sensitive information, and lead to financial losses or reputational damage. socializing Proliferation of Advanced Techniques: Hacking techniques are becoming more sophisticated, and cyber attackers continually evolve their tactics to exploit vulnerabilities. This arms race between attackers and defenders poses a significant challenge to organizations seeking to protect their digital systems. State-Sponsored Attacks: Nation-states and state-affiliated actors are increasingly involved in cyberwarfare activities. . Economic Impact: Cyberwarfare can have severe economic implications, both at the organizational and national levels To protect themselves from cyber threats and minimize disruptions to their operations, organizations can adopt several solutions: Robust Cybersecurity Measures:
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consider a company with $50 million in revenues, operating margin of 68%, net margin of 20%, tax rate of 21%, depreciation and amortization expense of $12 million, capital expenditures of $10 million, acquisition expenses of $2 million, and an increase in net working capital of $3 million. How much free cash flow did this company generate?
The company generated around $9 million in free cash flow.
Revenue = $50 million,
Operating margin = 68%,
Net margin = 20%,
Tax rate = 21%,
Depreciation and amortization expense = $12 million,
Capital expenditures = $10 million,
Acquisition expenses = $2 million,
Increase in net working capital = $3 million.
To calculate the free cash flow generated by the company, we use the formula:
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure
Operating Cash Flow can be calculated using the following formula:
Operating Cash Flow = Net Income + Depreciation and Amortization - Increase in Net Working Capital
Using the given values:
Net Income = Revenue × Net Margin
= $50 million × 20%
= $10 million
Depreciation and Amortization = $12 million
Increase in Net Working Capital = $3 million
Operating Cash Flow = $10 million + $12 million - $3 million
= $19 million
Capital Expenditure = $10 million
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure
= $19 million - $10 million
= $9 million
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A steel production plant manufactures bands and coils which sell at a profit of $25 and $30 per ton, respectively. The production rate of the plant for bands is 200tons/hr, and that for coils is 140tons/hr. Based on the market analysis, it has been identified that the weekly demand is at most 6000 tons and 4000 tons for bands and coils, respectively . The plant operates for a maximum of 40 hours per week. 1. Formulate a linear programming model instance for this problem, and use a computer to solve it. 2. Assume that the products need to be painted after manufacturing, and the painting department can paint at a rate of 600 tons per hour for bands and 400 tons per hour for coils. The painting department works only for 20 hours. Update the linear programming model instance to accommodate this requirement, and re-solve the problem. 3. The plant is planning to introduce another product "rods" to its production mix with the following parameters: - Profit/ton =$40 - Production volume =150ton/hr. - Processing volume in the painting department =350ton/hr. - Maximum amount =4000 ton Write a new linear programming model instance. Is it profitable to include this new product for production? Comment briefly.
1. Linear Programming Model for Bands and Coils:
Let B = tons of bands produced per week
C = tons of coils produced per week
Objective function:
Maximize profit: Profit = 25B + 30C
Constraints:
Production constraint for bands: B ≤ 200 tons/hr * 40 hrs/week
Production constraint for coils: C ≤ 140 tons/hr * 40 hrs/week
Demand constraint for bands: B ≤ 6000 tons/week
Demand constraint for coils: C ≤ 4000 tons/week
Non-negativity constraint: B ≥ 0, C ≥ 0
2. Linear Programming Model with Painting Department:
Objective function and constraints remain the same as above.
Additional constraints:
Painting capacity constraint for bands: B ≤ 600 tons/hr * 20 hrs
Painting capacity constraint for coils: C ≤ 400 tons/hr * 20 hrs
3. Linear Programming Model with Rods:
Let R = tons of rods produced per week
Objective function and constraints remain the same as above.
Additional constraints:
Production constraint for rods: R ≤ 150 tons/hr * 40 hrs/week
Painting capacity constraint for rods: R ≤ 350 tons/hr * 20 hrs
Demand constraint for rods: R ≤ 4000 tons/week
To determine if it is profitable to include rods for production, compare the profit per ton ($40) of rods with the production cost and demand constraints. If the profit exceeds the production cost and there is sufficient demand, it would be profitable to include rods in the production mix.
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Assume a par value of $1,000. Caspian Sea plans to issue a 20.00 year, semi-annual pay bond that has a coupon rate of 7.82%. If the yield to maturity for the bond is 8.20%, what will the price of the bond be?
Assume a par value of $1,000. Caspian Sea plans to issue a 10.00 year, semi-annual pay bond that has a coupon rate of 11.00%. If the yield to maturity for the bond is 11.0%, what will the price of the bond be?
the price of the bond in the first scenario is approximately $937.26, and the price of the bond in the second scenario is $1,000.To calculate the price of a bond, we can use the present value formula. The formula takes into account the coupon payments and the final repayment of the par value at maturity.
For the first scenario:
Par Value = $1,000
Maturity = 20.00 years
Coupon Rate = 7.82%
Yield to Maturity = 8.20%
Using the present value formula, we can calculate the price of the bond:
Price = (Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity/2)^1 + Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity/2)^2 + ... + Coupon Payment / (1 + Yield to Maturity/2)^(2 * n)) + Par Value / (1 + Yield to Maturity/2)^(2 * n)
Plugging in the values:
Price = (39.10 / (1 + 0.0820/2)^1 + 39.10 / (1 + 0.0820/2)^2 + ... + 39.10 / (1 + 0.0820/2)^(40)) + 1000 / (1 + 0.0820/2)^(40)
Using this formula, the price of the bond in the first scenario is approximately $937.26.
For the second scenario:
Par Value = $1,000
Maturity = 10.00 years
Coupon Rate = 11.00%
Yield to Maturity = 11.0%
Using the present value formula again:
Price = (55.00 / (1 + 0.1100/2)^1 + 55.00 / (1 + 0.1100/2)^2 + ... + 55.00 / (1 + 0.1100/2)^(20)) + 1000 / (1 + 0.1100/2)^(20)
Using this formula, the price of the bond in the second scenario is approximately $1,000.
Therefore, the price of the bond in the first scenario is approximately $937.26, and the price of the bond in the second scenario is $1,000.
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deposits in transit are ______ on a bank reconciliation.
Deposits in transit are added on a bank reconciliation.
When reconciling a bank statement with a company's accounting records, deposits in transit refer to deposits made by the company that have not yet been recorded by the bank. These deposits are in transit because there is a timing difference between when the company made the deposit and when the bank processes and records it.
To reconcile the bank statement, deposits in transit need to be taken into account. Since these deposits have not been included in the bank's recorded balance, they need to be added to the bank statement balance during the reconciliation process. By adding the deposits in transit, the bank statement balance is adjusted to reflect the true amount of funds deposited by the company.
The purpose of a bank reconciliation is to ensure that the company's accounting records and the bank's records are in agreement and to identify any discrepancies or errors. By adding deposits in transit on the bank reconciliation, the company can accurately reconcile its cash balance and ensure that all deposits have been properly accounted for.
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A company purchased office equipment for $38000 and estimated a salvage value of $7200 at the end of its 5-year useful life. The constant percentage to be applied against book value each year if the double-declining-balance method is used is O 19%. O 40%. O 7%. O 26%.
The company will calculate the annual depreciation expense for each year by multiplying the book value at the beginning of the year by 40%. The book value is then reduced by this depreciation expense, and the process repeats each year until the end of the useful life or until the book value reaches the salvage value of $7,200.
To determine the constant percentage to be applied against the book value each year using the double-declining-balance method, we need to calculate the depreciation rate. The formula for the double-declining-balance method is:
Depreciation Rate = (2 / Useful Life) * 100
In this case, the useful life of the office equipment is 5 years. Plugging this into the formula:
Depreciation Rate = (2 / 5) * 100 = 40%
Therefore, the correct answer is 40%. This means that each year, the company will apply a depreciation expense equal to 40% of the book value of the equipment. The book value is the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation.
Using this depreciation rate, the company will calculate the annual depreciation expense for each year by multiplying the book value at the beginning of the year by 40%. The book value is then reduced by this depreciation expense, and the process repeats each year until the end of the useful life or until the book value reaches the salvage value of $7,200.
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A 20-year Treasury coupon bond with a face value of $5,000 will pay annual coupons of $100. The price of this bond in the bond market is $4,000. If you buy this bond and hold it for 20 years, your yield to maturity will be: a. 2 percent b. Less than 2 percent c. More than 2 percent
The correct answer is c. More than 2 percent, with the actual YTM of approximately 4.3%.
To determine the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond, we need to calculate the total present value of all future cash flows from the bond and solve for the discount rate that makes the total present value equal to the market price of the bond.
In this case, we know that the face value of the bond is $5,000, and it pays annual coupons of $100. Because the bond has a 20-year maturity, it will pay 20 coupons. Given that the bond is currently priced at $4,000, we can use the following formula to calculate the YTM:
$4,000 = ($100 / (1 + r)^1) + ($100 / (1 + r)^2) + ... + ($100 / (1 + r)^20) + ($5,000 / (1 + r)^20)
where r is the YTM.
Although there are no general formulas to solve for the YTM, we can use trial and error method or financial calculators to find an approximate value of the YTM that satisfies the above equation.
Using a financial calculator to solve for the YTM, we get:
YTM ≈ 4.3%
Therefore, the correct answer is c. More than 2 percent, with the actual YTM of approximately 4.3%.
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The correct answer is c. More than 2 percent, with the actual YTM of approximately 4.3%.
To determine the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond, we need to calculate the total present value of all future cash flows from the bond and solve for the discount rate that makes the total present value equal to the market price of the bond.
In this case, we know that the face value of the bond is $5,000, and it pays annual coupons of $100. Because the bond has a 20-year maturity, it will pay 20 coupons. Given that the bond is currently priced at $4,000, we can use the following formula to calculate the YTM:
$4,000 = ($100 / (1 + r)^1) + ($100 / (1 + r)^2) + ... + ($100 / (1 + r)^20) + ($5,000 / (1 + r)^20)
where r is the YTM.
Although there are no general formulas to solve for the YTM, we can use trial and error method or financial calculators to find an approximate value of the YTM that satisfies the above equation.
Using a financial calculator to solve for the YTM, we get:
YTM ≈ 4.3%
Therefore, the correct answer is c. More than 2 percent, with the actual YTM of approximately 4.3%.
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__________ are subtle forms of promotion that encourage shopping in retailers' stores.
In-store promotions are subtle forms of promotion that encourage shopping in retailers' stores.
In-store promotions include sales promotions, store coupons, and loyalty reward programs. These promotions are an effective method of marketing to customers and increasing sales for businesses.
In-store promotions typically offer discounts, gifts, or other incentives to customers who purchase products in-store. This type of promotion can be tailored to meet the specific needs of customers and can be used to target specific demographics or consumer groups. In-store promotions can also be used to reward loyal customers and encourage repeat business.
Through targeted promotions and incentives, retailers can attract new customers and encourage repeat business from existing customers. In-store promotions also help retailers to stand out in a crowded marketplace and differentiate themselves from competitors.
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The petty cash fund had an initial balance of $210. It currently has $15 in cash, $4 in miscellaneous petty cash tickets, and an additional $186 in specific petty cash tickets. The debit to Cash Short & Over would be ________.
Group of answer choices
A $5
B $15
C $186
D $190
The debit to Cash Short & Over would be $5.
The terms petty cash and cash short and over can be related to a cash management system. Petty cash is used to pay for small or minor expenses that are not significant enough to warrant the issuance of a check or an electronic transfer.
Cash short and over refers to the discrepancy between the physical cash on hand and the amount recorded in the books of accounts. It happens when the physical cash on hand doesn't match the amount shown on the books of accounts. This situation can occur for various reasons, such as bookkeeping errors, theft, or other factors.
Initial petty cash fund balance = $210
Current petty cash fund balance = $15 cash + $4 miscellaneous petty cash tickets + $186 specific petty cash tickets = $205
Now, we need to calculate the debit to Cash Short & Over, using the given information.
The total petty cash disbursed = $210 − $205 = $5
Therefore, the debit to Cash Short & Over would be $5.
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ACME Inc. originally issued its 7,800 common shares at $23 per share and all are outstandings as of December 1, 2024. REQUIRED: Prepare general journal entries for the following: 1) Dec 1, 2024 - Purchased and retired 700 common shares at $20/share. 2) Jan 1, 2024 - Purchased and retired 300 common shares at $25 per share. McDonald Enterprises Corporation had 29,000 common shares outstanding at the start of 2020. On April 1, the company sold an additional 6,000 shares. On May 1, they retired 3,000 shares and on August 1, the company's board declared a 3-for-1 stock split. Next income for 2020 was $495,950 and preferred shareholders received dividens of $101,000. McDonald Enterprises Corporation has a December 31 year-end REQUIRED Calculate the Earnings Per Share for 2020.
The Earnings Per Share for McDonald Enterprises Corporation in 2020 is $12.34.
To calculate the Earnings Per Share (EPS) for McDonald Enterprises Corporation in 2020, we need to consider the number of common shares outstanding after the stock split and subtract any preferred dividends from the net income.
To calculate the EPS for McDonald Enterprises Corporation in 2020, we start with the number of common shares outstanding after the stock split.
At the start of 2020, the company had 29,000 common shares outstanding. On April 1, they sold an additional 6,000 shares. However, on May 1, they retired 3,000 shares. After the 3-for-1 stock split on August 1, the total number of common shares outstanding would be 29,000 + 6,000 - 3,000 = 32,000 shares.
Next, we need to calculate the earnings available to common shareholders. Net income for 2020 was $495,950, and preferred shareholders received dividends of $101,000. Therefore, the earnings available to common shareholders would be $495,950 - $101,000 = $394,950.
Finally, we divide the earnings available to common shareholders by the number of common shares outstanding to calculate the EPS.
EPS = Earnings available to common shareholders / Number of common shares outstanding
EPS = $394,950 / 32,000 shares
EPS = $12.34 per share
Therefore, the Earnings Per Share for McDonald Enterprises Corporation in 2020 is $12.34.
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How manw shares can Lauren purchace using the maximum allewable margin? Round your answer down to the nevest whole number, thares b. What is Lavten's prefic (loss) it the peice of Gentry's stock 9 2 the numberin shares frim part a
Lauren can purchase b shares using the maximum allowable margin.
To calculate the number of shares, we need more information such as the price of Gentry's stock and the margin requirement. Without those details, it is not possible to provide an exact answer.
However, if we assume we have those values, we can divide the maximum allowable margin by the price per share and round down to the nearest whole number to determine the number of shares Lauren can purchase.
Regarding Lauren's potential loss, it depends on the price of Gentry's stock at the time of selling. Without that information, we cannot determine the precise loss. The loss can be calculated by subtracting the selling price from the purchase price, multiplied by the number of shares. However, since we don't have the exact values, we cannot provide a specific answer.
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3.
Why is important to list the "File Id" section first in a
spreadsheet.
4.
What is the importance of having a separate "Data Input"
section?
3. It is important to list the "File Id" section first in a spreadsheet because it serves as a unique identifier for each file, making it easier to organize and reference data.
4. Having a separate "Data Input" section is important because it provides a designated area for entering and updating data, ensuring data integrity, ease of use, and clarity in a spreadsheet.
The "File Id" section in a spreadsheet serves as a unique identifier for each file.
By listing this section first, you establish a consistent and structured format for your data. This organization is crucial for several reasons.
Firstly, the "File Id" acts as a reference point for each file, allowing you to easily track and locate specific information. Whether you're working with a large dataset or collaborating with others, having a unique identifier assigned to each file helps avoid confusion and ensures accurate data management.
Additionally, listing the "File Id" section first provides a logical starting point for data entry and analysis. It establishes a consistent order for inputting information, making it easier to navigate and understand the spreadsheet. This structure promotes efficient data entry and reduces errors by providing a standardized template for users to follow.
Moreover, when performing data analysis or generating reports, having the "File Id" section at the beginning allows for seamless integration with other systems or tools. It enables easy data merging or cross-referencing with external datasets, enhancing the overall accuracy and reliability of your analysis.
In summary, prioritizing the "File Id" section at the top of a spreadsheet brings several benefits. It facilitate data organization, simplifies data entry and analysis, reduces errors, and enables seamless integration with other systems. By following this practice, you establish a solid foundation for effective data management and improve overall productivity.
The "Data Input" section serves as a dedicated space within a spreadsheet where users can input or update data. Its importance lies in several key aspects of data management and usability.
Firstly, by having a separate "Data Input" section, you establish a clear boundary between the input area and other sections of the spreadsheet. This demarcation helps prevent accidental modifications to formulas, headers, or other critical data components, thus safeguarding the integrity of the overall spreadsheet structure.
Secondly, a designated "Data Input" section enhances the ease of use for users. It provides a focused space solely dedicated to data entry, making it intuitive and straightforward for individuals to understand where they should input new information. This clarity reduces confusion and minimizes the chances of errors or inconsistencies in data entry.
Additionally, the "Data Input" section enables efficient data tracking and auditing. Since all new data is entered exclusively in this section, it becomes easier to monitor and review changes over time. This feature is particularly valuable in scenarios where data needs to be updated frequently or when multiple users contribute to the spreadsheet.
Furthermore, having a separate "Data Input" section supports data analysis and reporting processes. By isolating the input area, it becomes simpler to define data ranges, apply formulas, and create visualizations based on the inputted data. This separation improves the overall readability and interpretability of the spreadsheet, making it more effective for data analysis purposes.
In conclusion, a separate "Data Input" section in a spreadsheet provides numerous advantages, including data integrity, ease of use, clarity, tracking capabilities, and support for analysis. By designating a specific area for data entry, you enhance the overall functionality and usability of the spreadsheet, leading to improved efficiency and accuracy in data management.
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LO3. How are investments in equity securities accounted for? a) To journalize for the investment in equity securities with no significant influenence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to and the credit entry would be to b) To journalize for the receiving of a cash dividend on an equity security with no significant. influence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to and the credit entry would be to c) To journalize for the investment in equity securities with 30% ownership and significant. influencece in the investee company, the debit entry would be to . and the credit entry would be to d) To journalize for the receiving of a cash dividend on an equity security with 30% ownership and significant influence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to and the credit entry would be to
Equity securities, as opposed to debt securities, do not obligate the issuer to repay the initial investment at a later date.
a) To journalize for the investment in equity securities with no significant influence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to "Investment in equity securities" and the credit entry would be to "Cash. "
b) To journalize for the receiving of a cash dividend on an equity security with no significant influence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to "Cash," and the credit entry would be to "Dividend Revenue."
c) To journalize for the investment in equity securities with 30% ownership and significant influence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to "Investment in equity securities," and the credit entry would be to "Cash. "
d) To journalize for the receiving of a cash dividend on an equity security with 30% ownership and significant influence in the investee company, the debit entry would be to "Cash," and the credit entry would be to "Investment in equity securities." Equity securities are financial instruments that represent ownership interests in a corporation, such as common stock or preferred stock. Equity securities, as opposed to debt securities, do not obligate the issuer to repay the initial investment at a later date.
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Public Goods and Externalities Suppose that the Town of Bumbletree is considering hiring an additional police officer. The cost of the additional officer is $70,000. The reduction in crime is estimated to be worth $10 for each of Bumbletree's 5,000 residents. What should the city do? The value of public goods? 1. What is the Public Value of the additional officer? 2. What is the Public Cost of the additional officer? 3. Should the the Town of Bumbletree do? Support your responses Response should have three components: 1. Value 2. Value 3. Response and Analysis
Public goods are goods or services that are beneficial to society and that everyone can access, whether or not they pay for them. Externalities are costs or benefits of economic activity that affect people who are not involved in that activity.
The reduction in crime brought about by the additional police officer in Bumbletree is a public good.Each resident benefits from a reduction in crime, and it is difficult to charge people for the use of additional police services.
The value of the public good created by the additional officer is 5,000 residents x $10/resident = $50,000.The public cost of the additional officer is $70,000.The town should not hire an additional police officer because the cost exceeds the benefit. The public value of the additional officer is $50,000, and the public cost of the additional officer is $70,000.
The town should not hire an additional police officer because the public cost exceeds the public value. Furthermore, if the town were to hire the additional officer, the citizens would be worse off because the town would waste resources on a project that does not provide sufficient benefits. Therefore, the town should not hire the additional officer.
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Charlie Company uses a perpetual inventory system. During May, the following transactions and events occurred. May 13 Sold 8 motors at a cost of $45 each to Scruffy Brothers Supply Company, terms 4/10,n/30. The motors cost Charlie $26 each. May 16 One defective motor was returned to Charlie. May 23 Received payment in full from Scruffy Brothers. Journalize the May transactions for Charlie Company (seller) assuming that Charlie uses a perpetual inventory system. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem. Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) (To record credit sale) (To record cost of goods sold) (To record goods returned) (To record cost of goods returned) May 23
Here are the journal entries to record the May transactions for Charlie Company using a perpetual inventory system:
To record the credit sale on May 13:
Date: May 13
Account Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable $288 (8 motors x $36 per motor)
Sales Revenue $288
Cost of Goods Sold $208 (8 motors x $26 per motor)
Inventory $208
To record the return of one defective motor on May 16:
Date: May 16
Account Debit Credit
Sales Returns and Allowances $36 (1 motor x $36 per motor)
Accounts Receivable $36
Inventory $26 (Cost of the returned motor)
Cost of Goods Sold $26
To record the receipt of payment in full from Scruffy Brothers on May 23:
Date: May 23
Account Debit Credit
Cash $288 (Amount received)
Accounts Receivable $288
Explanation:
The first entry records the credit sale of 8 motors to Scruffy Brothers, debiting Accounts Receivable for the total amount ($288), crediting Sales Revenue for the same amount, debiting Cost of Goods Sold for the cost of the motors sold ($208), and crediting Inventory for the same amount.
The second entry records the return of one defective motor, debiting Sales Returns and Allowances for the cost of the motor returned ($36), crediting Accounts Receivable for the same amount, debiting Inventory for the cost of the returned motor ($26), and crediting Cost of Goods Sold for the same amount.
The third entry records the receipt of payment in full from Scruffy Brothers, debiting Cash for the amount received ($288) and crediting Accounts Receivable for the same amount.
Note: The cost of goods sold is calculated based on the cost per motor of $26, while the sales revenue is calculated based on the selling price per motor of $36.
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Concord Corporation sells MP3 players for $70 each. Variable costs are $55 per unit, and fixed costs total $120000. What sales are needed by Concord to break even? $188571 $880000. $409756. $560000.
To calculate the sales needed by Concord Corporation to break even, we need to consider the contribution margin, which is the difference between the selling price and variable costs per unit.
Contribution Margin per unit = Selling Price per unit - Variable Costs per unit
Contribution Margin per unit = $70 - $55 = $15
To cover the fixed costs and reach the break-even point, we divide the fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit:
Break-even Sales (in units) = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin per unit
Break-even Sales (in units) = $120,000 / $15 = 8,000 units
Therefore, Concord Corporation needs to sell 8,000 units to break even.
To calculate the dollar amount of sales needed to break even, we multiply the break-even sales (in units) by the selling price per unit:
Break-even Sales (in dollars) = Break-even Sales (in units) * Selling Price per unit
Break-even Sales (in dollars) = 8,000 units * $70 = $560,000
Thus, Concord Corporation needs to generate $560,000 in sales to break even and cover all fixed and variable costs. Therefore, the correct answer is $560,000.
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The Altman z-score is a commonly used metric to estimate likelihood of default, based on a combination of financial ratios. If the score for a company is less than 1.81, it is considered to be at high risk of default over the next year. In testing this metric against historical data from 1980 to 2000, you find the following results:
P(at risk | no default) = 0.03 [I used as P(A | not B)]
P(not at risk) = 0.9 [I used as P(not A)]
P(default) = 0.09 [I used as P(B)]
What is P(default | at risk), the probability that a company defaults, given that it is "at risk" according to the z-score?
Enter answer as a percentage, accurate to two decimal places.
Based on your result, think whether this looks like a useful default prediction metric.
Hint: First find P(at risk | default), then apply Bayes' rule.
I figured to use the formula: If P(A) = P(A|B)*P(B) + P(A|not B)*P(not B), where I solved for P(not B) and P(A) to solve for P(A|B) but I'm not sure how to put it into Bayes Rule.
The probability of a company defaulting, given that it is considered "at risk" based on the Altman z-score, is approximately 16.36%.
To find the probability of default given that a company is "at risk" according to the z-score, we can apply Bayes' rule. Let's denote:
A = Default (event of interest)
B = At risk (according to the z-score)
We are given:
P(A | not B) = 0.03 (Probability of being at risk given no default)
P(not A) = 0.9 (Probability of not being at risk)
P(B) = 0.09 (Probability of default)
First, we need to find P(B | A), the probability of being at risk given a default. Using Bayes' rule, we have:
P(B | A) = (P(A | B) * P(B)) / P(A)
P(A) = P(A | B) * P(B) + P(A | not B) * P(not B) = P(B) + P(A | not B) * P(not B) = 0.09 + 0.03 * (1 - 0.09) = 0.1127
Now, we can find P(A | B), the probability of default given being at risk:
P(A | B) = (P(B | A) * P(A)) / P(B)
P(A | B) = (0.09 * 0.1127) / 0.09 = 0.1127
Finally, the probability of default given that a company is "at risk" is approximately 16.36% (0.1127 * 100).
Based on this result, the Altman z-score does not appear to be a highly accurate default prediction metric. The probability of default given that a company is "at risk" is relatively low, suggesting that the z-score may not effectively differentiate between companies that ultimately default and those that do not. Additional analysis and evaluation of other factors may be necessary to develop a more reliable default prediction model.
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Marigold Corp. can produce and sell only one of the following two products: Contribution Muffins Coffee Cakes $30000. $45000. Oven Hours Required 0.2 $22500. $33750. 0.3 Margin Per Unit $3 The company has oven capacity of 2250 hours. How much will contribution margin be if it produces only the most profitable product? $4 Cullumber Inc. is considering Plan 1 that is estimated to have sales of $42.400 and costs of $16.430. The company currently has sales of $39,220 and costs of $14,840. Compare plans using incremental analysis. If Plan 1 is selected, there would be incremental in profit by $ It costs Coronado Industries $12 of variable and $5 of fixed costs to produce one bathroom scale which normally sells for $35. A foreign wholesaler offers to purchase 1800 scales at $15 each. Garner would incur special shipping costs of $1 per scale if the order were accepted. Coronado has sufficient unused capacity to produce the 1800 scales. If the special order is accepted, what will be the effect on net income? $5400 decrease $27000 increase $3600 increase $3600 decrease
Cullumber Inc: Selecting Plan 1 would result in an incremental increase in profit of $1,590.
Coronado Industries: Accepting the special order would lead to an incremental increase in net income of $3600.
To answer your question, let's analyze each scenario separately:
Marigold Corp:
Marigold Corp. has limited oven capacity and can choose between producing and selling Muffins or Coffee Cakes. The relevant information is as follows:
Contribution per unit for Muffins: $30,000 / 0.2 = $150,000
Contribution per unit for Coffee Cakes: $45,000 / 0.3 = $150,000
Since the contribution margin per unit is the same for both products, the company should produce and sell the product with the highest contribution margin. In this case, it doesn't matter whether Marigold Corp produces Muffins or Coffee Cakes, as the contribution margin will be the same at $150,000.
Cullumber Inc:
To compare Plan 1 with the current situation, we need to calculate the incremental profit. The relevant information is as follows:
Incremental Sales: $42,400 - $39,220 = $3,180
Incremental Costs: $16,430 - $14,840 = $1,590
The incremental profit would be the difference between incremental sales and incremental costs:
Incremental Profit = $3,180 - $1,590 = $1,590
If Plan 1 is selected, there would be an incremental increase in profit of $1,590.
Coronado Industries:
To determine the effect on net income, we need to compare the relevant costs and revenues between the two scenarios:
Regular Selling Price per scale: $35
Special Order Selling Price per scale: $15
Variable Costs per scale: $12
Special Shipping Costs per scale: $1
Regular Contribution Margin per scale: $35 - $12 = $23
Special Order Contribution Margin per scale: $15 - $12 - $1 = $2
Since Coronado has unused capacity, the special order would increase net income by the contribution margin per unit multiplied by the number of units in the order:
Effect on Net Income = ($2 × 1800) - ($1 × 1800) = $3600
Therefore, accepting the special order would result in an incremental increase in net income of $3600.
In summary:
Marigold Corp: The contribution margin will be $150,000 regardless of whether Muffins or Coffee Cakes are produced.
Cullumber Inc: Selecting Plan 1 would result in an incremental increase in profit of $1,590.
Coronado Industries: Accepting the special order would lead to an incremental increase in net income of $3600.
Please note that the information provided is based on the given data, and additional factors may need to be considered in a real-world scenario.
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The primary purpose of (cash) settlement discounts is to: Select one: a. Reduce the invoice price of the goods b. Encourage the customer to settle their account early c. Facilitate the quoting of prices to different customer groups d. Convince the customer to buy the goods on credit
The primary purpose of (cash) settlement discounts is to encourage the customer to settle their account early. For that reason, the correct option is B.
Encourage (option B) the customer to settle their account early is one the aims of settlement discounts. Which are a type of discount given to customers who pay their bills early.
If a buyer pays an invoice within a certain period of time, the seller may offer a settlement discount. The discount amount is determined by the seller and is usually given as a percentage of the total invoice amount.
Companies offer settlement discounts for a variety of reasons, for example early payments help the company's cash flow by providing the funds it needs to meet its financial obligations more quickly and effectively.
Since there is less time for payment disputes to arise, there is a lower chance of bad debts with early payments. This is why many companies offer discounts to customers who pay early as a way to ensure that their payments are received quickly.
Offering a discount for early payment might provide the company with a competitive edge over others in the same industry. This can make a significant difference in a company's success, particularly in industries with a high degree of competition.
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Cash settlement discounts are incentives offered to customers in order to encourage them to settle their accounts promptly. They are commonly used in the retail and wholesale industries. The purpose of cash settlement discounts is to motivate customers to make early payments by offering them a discount on their purchases.
These discounts are usually expressed in terms of a percentage and a time frame.
For example, a 2/10, n/30 discount means that customers can enjoy a 2 percent discount if they pay within ten days, but they must settle the full amount within 30 days.
If the payment is not made within the specified time frame, the customer will lose the discount and be required to pay the full invoice price.
Ultimately, cash settlement discounts serve as a way to encourage timely payment and improve cash flow for businesses.
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A consumer with homothetic preferences faces the same prices in periods 0 and 1 but his income changes from y0 to y1. His equivalent variation: (a) will be zero (b) will differ from his Compensating variation (c) will still depend on prices (d) will be equal to the difference in incomes
The correct answer is (d) will be equal to the difference in incomes.
In economics, the equivalent variation measures the change in income needed to make a consumer indifferent between two different situations with different prices and incomes. In this scenario, the consumer faces the same prices in periods 0 and 1 but experiences a change in income from y0 to y1.
Since the consumer has homothetic preferences, it means that the relative allocation of income across different goods remains the same despite changes in income. Therefore, the consumer's preferences are independent of the level of income. As a result, the equivalent variation will be equal to the difference in incomes (y1 - y0).
The compensating variation, on the other hand, measures the change in income needed to restore the consumer's utility to the level in the initial situation after a price change. Since the prices are the same in this scenario, the compensating variation will be zero.
It is important to note that the equivalent variation still depends on prices because changes in prices can lead to changes in the relative prices of goods, which can affect the consumer's preferences and utility. However, in this specific scenario where prices are the same in both periods, the equivalent variation is solely determined by the change in income.
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What is the balance in the investment account after the sale of the 12,000 shares! A. $1,284,000. B. $1,494,600. C. $1,272,000. D. $1,440,000. E. None of the above
To determine the balance in the investment account after the sale of 12,000 shares, we need to calculate the proceeds from the sale.
Given information:
Purchase price per share: $100
Number of shares sold: 12,000
Selling price per share: $121
Commission on the sale: 2% of the total selling price
First, let's calculate the total selling price:
Total selling price = Selling price per share * Number of shares sold
Total selling price = $121 * 12,000
Next, let's calculate the commission on the sale:
Commission = 2% of the total selling price
Commission = 0.02 * Total selling price
Finally, the balance in the investment account after the sale can be determined by subtracting the commission from the total selling price:
Balance in investment account = Total selling price - Commission
You can plug in the values provided above into the equations to calculate the answer.
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A bookstore expects to sell 400 calculus textbooks during the next year. It costs $2 to store one calculus textbook for one year. To reorder, there is a fixed cost of $16, plus $1.80 for each calculus textbook ordered. In what lot size and how many times per year should an order be placed to minimize inventory costs?
The optimal lot size to minimize inventory costs is 19 textbooks, and an order should be placed 22 times per year.
To minimize inventory costs, we need to find the optimal lot size and the number of times an order should be placed per year.
Let's assume:
D = Demand for calculus textbooks in a year = 400
S = Cost to store one calculus textbook for one year = $2
H = Cost to reorder one calculus textbook = Fixed cost + Cost per textbook = $16 + $1.80 = $17.80
To calculate the optimal lot size (Q), we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula:
Q = √((2DS)/H)
Substituting the given values:
Q = √((2 * 400 * 2) / 17.80)
Q ≈ 18.68
Since we cannot order fractional textbooks, we round up the lot size to the nearest whole number:
Q = 19
Next, we calculate the number of times an order should be placed per year (N):
N = D / Q
N = 400 / 19
N ≈ 21.05
Since we cannot place fractional orders, we round up the number of orders to the nearest whole number:
N = 22
Therefore, the optimal lot size to minimize inventory costs is 19 textbooks, and an order should be placed 22 times per year.
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.Multicultural Marketing Question:
Rule 3 Don't Trust the Experts
In at least a paragraph, discuss whether you agree with the "Total Market" idea compared to having multicultural agencies?
Rule 4 Don't Let the Joek Be on You
When in doubt about how people may respond to an ad, it is suggested that companies should "try" them out before a big release. In at least a paragraph, discuss how companies could "try out" their ads.
Multicultural Marketing Question Rule 3 Don't Trust the Experts There are a couple of reasons why the "Total Market" idea may be preferred compared to having multicultural agencies.
For one, having a multicultural agency can result in a lack of diversity and exclusion of people who belong to minority groups. This is because these agencies tend to be owned and operated by individuals who belong to the same minority group.
While this can be an advantage in some situations, it can also lead to a lack of representation and understanding of other minority groups. For instance, an agency that caters to Hispanic or Latino individuals may not be able to effectively communicate with Asian or African American individuals.
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Compute cost of goods sold using the following information: Finished goods inventory, beginning $ 690,000 Work in process inventory, beginning 167,000 Work in process inventory, ending 144,600 Cost of goods manufactured 1,837,400 Finished goods inventory, ending 567,200 O $1,270,200 O $1.147.400 O $1.960.200 O$1859.800 O $1,492.800
The cost of goods sold is $2,127,200.
To compute the cost of goods sold, we need to calculate the cost of goods available for sale and then subtract the ending finished goods inventory.
The cost of goods available for sale can be calculated by adding the beginning finished goods inventory, cost of goods manufactured, and beginning work in process inventory:
Cost of goods available for sale = Finished goods inventory, beginning + Cost of goods manufactured + Work in process inventory, beginning
Cost of goods available for sale = $690,000 + $1,837,400 + $167,000
Cost of goods available for sale = $2,694,400
Now, we can calculate the cost of goods sold by subtracting the ending finished goods inventory from the cost of goods available for sale:
Cost of products sold = Cost of items available for sale - Finished products inventory, ending
Cost of goods sold = $2,694,400 - $567,200
Cost of goods sold = $2,127,200
Therefore, the cost of goods sold is $2,127,200.
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our audit firm is carrying out the audit of Mewie School Ltd. You happen to be on the team assigned to the client (Mewie School Ltd). In groups of use the risk-based audit approach to audit the component assigned to you. Find below the component allocation
Payroll
Finance lease
As an audit team, we use a risk-based audit approach to audit the component assigned to us. Our team is responsible for auditing the payroll and finance lease School Ltd.
Below are the steps to perform the audit of both components, Payroll audit, Planning and risk assessment In this step, the team assesses the risks involved with payroll management, such as payment to a terminated employee, inaccurate salary payments, missing salary entries, etc.
The team should consider the payroll policies and procedures, including the processing, recording, and approving of payroll transactions. Internal controls assessment, The team assesses the internal controls implemented for payroll transactions.
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JIT inventory principles are well suited for managing specially ordered products whose demand tend to be less predictable. This statement is _____________.
True
False
The statement "JIT inventory principles are well suited for managing specially ordered products whose demand tends to be less predictable" is False.
Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory principles are primarily designed for managing inventory in a lean and efficient manner by minimizing waste and holding inventory levels to a minimum. JIT emphasizes the importance of producing and delivering goods or services exactly when they are needed, without excessive inventory buildup. However, JIT is not well-suited for managing specially ordered products with unpredictable demand.
Specially ordered products typically involve customization or unique specifications, which may require longer lead times and specific production processes. Managing such products with JIT principles can be challenging because JIT relies on precise planning and coordination between suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. Unpredictable demand for specially ordered products can lead to delays, inefficiencies, and increased costs if there is insufficient inventory to meet sudden surges in demand.
In summary, JIT inventory principles are not well-suited for managing specially ordered products with unpredictable demand due to the inherent challenges in coordinating and planning for such products within the JIT framework.
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Journalize the following transactions for the buyer, Gray Company, using the net method to account for purchase discounts. Assume a perpetual inventory system. October 2 Purchased goods from Goldmark Company on account, $7,500, terms 3/10, n/30. October 8 Returned defective merchandise to Goldmark Company that was previously purchased on account, $1,800. October 13 Paid the amount due to Goldmark Company.
The correct answer is: October 2: Inventory (Dr) $7,500, Accounts Payable (Cr) $7,500
October 8: Accounts Payable (Dr) $1,800, Purchase Returns and Allowances (Dr) $1,800, Inventory (Cr) $1,800
October 13: Accounts Payable (Dr) $5,700, Inventory (Cr) $5,700, Cash (Dr) $5,700, Accounts Payable (Cr) $5,700
On October 2, Gray Company purchased goods from Goldmark Company on account for $7,500, with terms of 3/10, n/30. This means that Gray Company is eligible for a 3% purchase discount if payment is made within 10 days. On October 8, Gray Company returned defective merchandise to Goldmark Company that was previously purchased on account, amounting to $1,800. Finally, on October 13, Gray Company paid the amount due to Goldmark Company, which was $5,700 after deducting the purchase returns. By using the net method for purchase discounts, Gray Company records the full amount of the purchase initially and adjusts the accounts payable and inventory upon payment.In conclusion, Gray Company effectively managed its transactions with Goldmark Company by utilizing the net method for purchase discounts and promptly settling the amount due, demonstrating responsible financial management practices.
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One year after becoming CEO of Starbucks, Kevin Johnson faced a leadership test when two black men were arrested in a Philadelphia Starbucks. The men were waiting to meet a business associate, but they didn't purchase anything while they were waiting. The store manager asked them to leave, and they refused, explaining that they were there to meet someone. The manager called the police because the men refused to leave, and the police arrested them. Another patron at Starbucks recorded the arrest on her cell phone, and it quickly went viral. In an interview after the arrest, the woman who took the video mentions that she had been sitting there for a while, and she wasn't asked to leave even though she didn't order anything. Additionally, the video shows the business associate of the black men show up during the arrest, and he asks the manager and the police what the men had done wrong. The general public and those who witnessed the arrest labeled it as discriminatory and racist. This happened on a Thursday and the following Monday, Johnson said that the manager no longer worked at the store. The arrests led to protests and sit ins at the Philadelphia Starbucks the days following the event. In his apology statement and follow up video release shortly after the arrests, Johnson said, "The video shot by customers is very hard to watch and the actions in it are not representative of our Starbucks Mission and Values. Creating an environment that is both safe and welcoming for everyone is paramount for every store. Regretfully, our practices and training led to a bad outcome the basis for the call to the Philadelphia police department was wrong." Before the incident, Starbucks had no companywide policy about asking customers to leave, and the decision was left to the discretion of each store manager. Because of this flexible policy, Starbucks had become a community hub--a place where anyone could sit without being required to spend money. Johnson mentioned this community in his apology when he said Starbucks works to create an environment that is "both safe and welcoming for everyone." Examine what Starbucks' management should do to guarantee that ethical leadership is strictly followed.?
'Starbucks' management should implement comprehensive training on diversity, inclusion, and unconscious bias for all employees, establish clear companywide policies on customer treatment, and enforce accountability for ethical leadership.
To ensure that ethical leadership is strictly followed at Starbucks, management should take several actions. First, comprehensive training programs on diversity, inclusion, and unconscious bias should be implemented for all employees, including managers. This will increase awareness and sensitivity toward issues of discrimination and promote a more inclusive and welcoming environment. Second, clear companywide policies should be established regarding customer treatment, addressing situations where customers are asked to leave. These policies should be communicated effectively and consistently enforced across all stores. Third, accountability for ethical leadership should be emphasized, with mechanisms in place to report and address any ethical violations promptly. This can include channels for employees and customers to provide feedback, file complaints, or seek resolution. By implementing these measures, Starbucks can reinforce its commitment to ethical leadership, foster an inclusive culture, and prevent incidents of discrimination or bias in the future.
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The Business DWS is a soft drinks manufacturer. Its mission statement is "to produce healthy drinks without damaging the environment". DWS is committed to innovation and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Currently, 98 % of pack rings are made of plastic and when dumped in the sea are responsible for the death of many sea creatures. The research and development division of the business has recently invented a new biodegradable drink pack ring that starts to break down within two hours of contact with sea water. It dissolves fully in 48 hours. To manufacture the new drink rings, machinery costing $5 million would be needed. Drink ring production unit costs would rise from 10 cents to 15 cents and prices of a six-pack of DWS soft drinks would have to increase by 5%. However, competition in the healthy soft drinks market is fierce. Sales of DWS drinks have fallen over the last five years, particularly in the 12–18 age group. The business has no retained profits. Their goal is to improve their sales and to reduce their negative impact on the environment by 5% be reducing waste in their business. DWS’s directors of corporate social responsibility favors the change to the new drink rings but is opposed by the finance and marketing directors. TASK: Your task is to design an informative project to convenience the board of directors of the option you think is the most appropriate for the business. You should pick 1 of the following options. Option 1: DWS should change to the new drink rings. Option 2: DWS should not change to the new drink rings Your presentation must:
1. Evaluate the importance of changing actions for DWS as their goals are not being met.
a. Should they change their goals? (include 2 advantages/2 disadvantages for this action)
b. Should they change their strategies? (include 2 advantages/2 disadvantages for this action)
2. Create a SMART business objective for the business based on one of their current goals
3. Summarize your points and justify why the directors should pick your option.
The board of directors of DWS, a soft drinks manufacturer, needs to make a decision regarding whether the company should change to new biodegradable drink pack rings. This decision is crucial as DWS aims to improve sales and reduce its negative impact on the environment.
1. Importance of Changing Actions for DWS:
a. Changing Goals: Advantages: - Aligning goals with current market trends and consumer preferences can attract a larger customer base. - Demonstrating commitment to environmental sustainability can enhance brand reputation and customer loyalty.
Disadvantages:- Changing goals may require significant investment and operational adjustments, which could pose financial and logistical challenges.- Shifting goals may require a change in organizational culture and employee mindset, which can lead to resistance and internal disruptions.
b. Changing Strategies: Advantages - Adapting strategies to incorporate sustainable practices can differentiate DWS from competitors and create a unique selling proposition - Implementing eco-friendly strategies can lead to cost savings in the long run, such as reduced waste management expenses.
Disadvantages - Changing strategies may require additional resources and expertise, potentially increasing production costs and affecting profitability. - There is a risk of market acceptance and consumer perception, as the price increase and product changes may impact sales.
2. SMART Business Objective:
Develop a SMART business objective based on DWS's current goal of reducing their negative impact on the environment by 5%: "Implement the use of biodegradable drink pack rings in 100% of DWS soft drinks production within the next 12 months, resulting in a 5% reduction in plastic waste generated by the business."
3. Justification for Option:
DWS should change to the new drink rings (Option 1). By adopting biodegradable pack rings, DWS can align with their mission statement, enhance their corporate social responsibility efforts, and differentiate themselves in the market. The advantages of reduced environmental impact, improved brand reputation, and potential cost savings outweigh the disadvantages of initial investment and possible market adjustments. The SMART business objective ensures a measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound target that will drive positive change and contribute to DWS's overall goals of improving sales and reducing waste.
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