Project 1 Hypothesis Construction
Write a properly formatted hypothesis statement to answer this question: How does the amount of salt added to ice affect the rate at which the ice will melt?



Specify how you plan to change the independent variable by using terms such as increase or decrease. Also, specify how the dependent variable will change in response by using terms such as increase, decrease, or stays the same.



Criteria pts
Correct placement of IV 5
Correct placement of DV 5
If, then format 5
IV indicates either "increases" or "decreases" 5
DV indicates either "increases", "decreases", or "stays the same" 5

0.3147 concentration (in moles/l) of a saline (NaCl) solution will provide an isotonic eyedrop solution.

Isotonic eye drops

Because it might result in eye discomfort or tissue damage if it is not maintained, isotonicity is regarded as a crucial component of ophthalmic medicines. A few drops of blood are mixed with the test preparation before being examined and judged under a microscope at a magnification of 40. Isotonic solutions are those that have the same amount of water and other solutes in them as the cytoplasm of a cell. Since there is no net gain or loss of water, placing cells in an isotonic solution will not cause them to either shrink or swell.

We can calculate the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution using the following expression.

π = M . R . T

where,

π is the osmotic pressure

M is the molar concentration of the solution

R is the ideal gas constant

T is the absolute temperature

The absolute temperature is 37 + 273 = 310 K

π = M . R . T

8 = (X mol/L) . (0.082atm.L/mol.K) . 310 K = 0.3147 mol/L

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Answer:

The correct answer, I think it's liquid

Answer:

I believe that it's liquid

Answer:

Molecule

Explanation:

Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than [tex]One[/tex] alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women and up to [tex]Two[/tex] drink(s) daily for adult men.

What is an alcohol?

Alcohol is an organic compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carbon atom; Alcohol can be an intoxicant found in alcoholic beverages.

An alcoholic drink (also called an alcoholic beverage, adult beverage, or simply a drink) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol that acts as a drug and is produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.

The consumption of alcoholic drinks, often referred to as "drinking", plays an important social role in many cultures. Most countries have laws regulating the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

So, according to the scientific studies, the alcoholic consumption for women in a day is not more then one and for men is not for two drink(s)

1 Drink includes:

For beer: 355 ML

For Wine: 148 ML

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The results of photosynthesis are used by cellular respiration, and photosynthesis first uses the results of cellular respiration.

In the mitochondria, cellular respiration combines oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, along with water and carbon dioxide. Sunlight energy is used during photosynthesis to create glucose and separate oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Globally, the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis or cellular respiration serves to maintain stable levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Cellular Respiration: [tex]C_6H_1_2O_6+ 6O_2[/tex] → [tex]6CO_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]

Because CO₂ and H₂O are less energetic than the reactants, most notably glucose, the reaction is exothermic and has a negative enthalpy (ΔH < 0). This also makes sense because breathing causes glucose to be converted to energy.

Photosynthesis: [tex]6CO_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]→ [tex]C_6H_1_2O_6+ 6O_2[/tex]

The enthalpy change for the photosynthesis reaction is +2814 kJ/mol.

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The equilibrium shifts to the right.

According to this law,

The concentration of the product is decreased and hence, the equilibrium shifts to the right.

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Answer: C- rearranged

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The discreteness of energy levels is best understood by considering the electrons to be wave like.

This above can be explained on the basis of bohr model and wave mechanical theory.

According to bohr's atomic model, the angular momentum of electron orbiting around the nucleus is an integral multiple of h/2π.

The electron in the atom moving around the nucleus of an atom. The wave mechanical theory proposes that each electron revolving an atom's nucleus occupies a specific orbital and spins in a certain direction, but the orbitals is like a wave of energy.

The wave mechanical model proposed that the electron acts like particles as well as wave of energy. According to the field around, the electron changes there path and they start moving very fast act like wave of energy and hence they are not in place during any particular time.

Thus we concluded that electron revolve around central nucleus at such high speed that they act like wave of energy.

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Considering the Dalton's partial pressure, the mole fraction of each gas is:

The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture is known as its partial pressure.

So, Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone:

[tex]P_{T} =P_{1} +P_{2} +...+P_{n}[/tex]

where n is the amount of gases in the gas mixture.

This relationship is due to the assumption that there are no attractive forces between the gases.

Dalton's partial pressure law can also be expressed in terms of the mole fraction of the gas in the mixture. The mole fraction is a dimensionless quantity that expresses the ratio of the number of moles of a component to the number of moles of all the components present.

So in a mixture of two or more gases, the partial pressure of gas A can be expressed as:

[tex]P_{A} =x_{A} P_{T}[/tex]

In summary, the total pressure in a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of partial pressures of each gas.

Mole fraction of each gas

In this case, you know that:

Then:

Substituting the corresponding values:

Solving:

In summary, the mole fraction of each gas is:

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The answer is A.

We know the formula for molarity :

Molarity = Number of moles ÷ Volume

Let's assume there are 0.6 moles of NaCl in 1 liter of ocean water.

Then, mass of salt is :

The value of k for this aqueous reaction at 298 k a b↽−−⇀c  dδ°=10. 35 KJ/mol is 30.37 mol.

K is the song which is used to donate the equilibrium of a reaction and the equilibrium of the reaction can only be obtained when the concentration of reactant is equal to the concentration of the product.

K is also known as the equilibrium constant.

δG or dδ° = - R T In K

                     R = universal gas constant

                     T = 298 k or 24.4Celciuss

                      dδ°= 10. 35

substituting the value in the equation

10. 35 = - 8.313 ×  24.4 celcius  In k

 In k =  - 8.313 ×  24.4 celcius / 10. 35

 In k = 30.37 mol.

Therefore, the value of k for this aqueous reaction at 298 k a b↽−−⇀c  dδ°=10. 35 KJ/mol is 30.37 mol.

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Sodium and chloride are the spectator ions in the reaction between aqueous zncl2 and aqueous na2co3.

Spectator ions are ions that are present on both sides of chemical reactions but do not take part in the reaction itself. The spectator ions on both sides of the equation are cancelled in the net chemical reaction. So, to "spectate" is to "see" the other ions in an aqueous solution interact with one another.

An ion known as a spectator is one that is present both before and after a chemical reaction but does not take part in it. Sodium is a spectator ion in an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, bleach): Na+ + HOCl + OH or OCl- + H2O -

Cross out the spectator ions after comparing the reactant and product sides. Observer ions are any dissolved ions that exhibit the same form on both sides.

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The daughter nucleus that is produced is ₂₉⁶³cu.

What is Electron capture?

The process of drawing an electron to the nucleus, where it combines with a proton to create a neutron and a neutrino particle, is known as electron capture.

The daughter nucleus is the nucleus that is made by the parent nucleus. The nucleus that remains after the decay is called the daughter nucleus.

Here is the chemical formula for the reaction that results in the electron capture of the zinc-63 nucleus:

[tex]_A^ZX + e^- = _A^Z_-_1 Y + ye[/tex]

[tex]_3_0^6^3Zn\; + e^- = _2_9^6^3Cu + ye[/tex]

Thus, the daughter nucleus produced when zn63 undergoes electron capture is [tex]_2_9^6^3Cu[/tex].

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The given statement is true .

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[tex]NO_{2}[/tex](g) + OH(g) = [tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] (aq) (nitric acid)

Given,

Pressure of [tex]NO_{2}[/tex] = 4.5x10-8 atm,

volume = 1.3x109 L, and

temp = 10ºC + 273 = 283K

moles. NO2 =? = n

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT = (4.5x10-8 atm)(1.3x109 L) / (0.0821 Latm/Kmol) (210K)

n = 3.4x10-18 moles NO2 = mols HNO3

mass HNO3 = 3.4 x 10 18 moles x 31 g/mol = 1.05 x 10 16 g.

The inorganic substance nitric acid has the formula HNO3. This mineral acid is extremely corrosive. [5] Even though the chemical is colorless, older samples often have a yellow tinge from breakdown into nitrogen oxides. Nitric acid is 68 percent concentrated in water in the majority of commercially available products. Fumigating nitric acid is the term used to describe a solution that contains more than 86 percent HNO3. Depending on the quantity of nitrogen dioxide, fuming nitric acid is further classified as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86 percent or white fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 95 percent. The main chemical used in nitration, or adding a nitro group usually to an organic molecule, is nitric acid.

How many grams of nitric acid are produced from this reaction if it reduces the partial pressure of no2 from a 1. 3×109l volume of air over a city by 4. 5×10−8atm when the temperature is 10∘c?

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Answer:

Advection

Explanation:

Advection refers to the process over which heat transferred laterally in the atmosphere by horizontal wind movement.

Tetrahedral geometry is obtained when the central atom is bonded with four atoms.

Tetrahedral literally means "having four faces" because the prefix tetra- specifies four and the suffix -hedral denotes a face of a solid. This shape develops when there are no lone electron pairs and four bonds are all on the same core atom. According to the VSEPR theory, the bond angles between the electron bonds are 109.5°.

Tetrahedral molecules include methane (CH4) as one example. The four comparable bonds in three dimensions correspond to the four corners of a tetrahedron centered on the carbon atom, and they point in the same four geometric directions. Compounds with this molecular shape will have the formula AX4.

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Answer:

tetrahedral

Explanation:

Central atom has:

4 bonded atoms

0 lone pairs

VSEPR shape: tetrahedral

Molecule structure: tetrahedral

The sample of gas that is unreactive to flame tests and chemically reactive with limewater and bromothymol blue is Carbon dioxide.

Flame tests are performed to identify the unknown metals or metalloids.  Upon burning on the flame, a compound gives characteristic colour, that helps in identification.

Carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame itself when placed upon it. And it is known to turn the lime water milky when reacts. Carbon dioxide also changes the colour of bromothymol blue. The change in colour is observed due to certain chemical changes like change in pH, formation of carbonic acid and conversion into more acidic form.

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The value for this aqueous reaction at 298 k? a b↽−−⇀c dδ°=20. 46 KJ/mol is 9.91 mol. in equilibrium

When a chemical reaction happens at the liquid state and the formation of reactant and product is the same then the reaction is known as an aqueous reaction in equilibrium denoted by K.

δG = − R T ln

          R = universal gas constant 8.313

          δG= 20. 46 kj/mol

           T =  298 k or 24.4 in celcius.

substituting the value in the equation.

20. 46 kj/mol = 8.313 × 24.4 in celcius × K

K =  8.313 × 24.4 in celcius / 20. 46 kj/mo

k = 9.91 mol .

Therefore, The value of this aqueous reaction at 298 k? a b↽−−⇀c dδ°=20. 46 KJ/mol is 9.91 mol. in equilibrium

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n oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production is coupled to the events in the electron-transport chain

Single displacement

Reactant

Double displacement

Product

The layer of the earth's atmosphere in which gases do not maintain a uniform composition is the Heterosphere.

Heterosphere is simply the layer of an atmosphere in which the gases are split out according to molecular diffusion with an increase in altitude. Therefore, lighter species become more abundant than heavier species.The main components of the heterosphere are oxygen, helium, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

The lower layer is composed of nitrogen and oxygen.In the lower layers of the heterosphere, heavy molecules &amp; atoms are present but lighter ones are present in the upper layer. According to Solar and temperature activities, the boundary between the molecules ranges. The heterosphere lies above the homosphere.

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The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. The percent yield of the reaction is 56 %.

The amount can be produced from the correct computation is called Theoretical Yield.

The actual amount which is produced in the experiment is called Actual Yield.

To calculate the percentage yield use the formula

[tex]\text{Percentage Yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100 \%[/tex]

Here,

Actual yield = 42 grams

Theoretical yield = 75 grams

Put the value in above expression we get

[tex]\text{Percentage Yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100 \%[/tex]

                          [tex]= \frac{42\ g}{75\ g} \times 100 \%[/tex]

                          = 56 %

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The theoretical yield of a reaction is 75.0 grams of product and the actual yield is 42.0 grams. The percent yield of the reaction is 56 %.

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Bombardment of uranium-238 nuclei by carbon-12 nuclei produces californium-246 and neutrons then the complete, balanced equation for this nuclear process is given a ,

[tex]^{238} _{92}U + ^{12} _{6} C[/tex] → [tex]^{246} _{98} Cf + 4^{1} _{0} n[/tex]

Nuclear fusion reactions are defined as the reaction in which, two or more lighter atoms combine to form a heavier atom. The number of atoms formed in this reaction decreases from the given atoms. The nuclear process is also nuclear fusion.

Example : Bombardment  of uranium-238 nuclei

Chain reactions are defined as the reaction in which the neutrons that are released in the previous fission reaction act as the starting material in the next reaction. Thus, this process continues to many reactions.

Ionization reaction is defined as the reaction in which an ionic compound dissociates into its ions when dissolved in aqueous solution.

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Atomic or hybrid orbital on the central br atom makes up the sigma bond between this br and an outer f atom in bromine trifluoride, brf3 is sp2 hybridization

Trigonal hybridization is another name for sp2 hybridization. It entails combining one's' orbital with two 'p' orbitals of equal energy to create a new hybrid orbital known as sp2. A trigonal symmetry combination of s and p orbitals that is kept at 120

One of the hybrid orbitals formed when one s orbital and two p orbitals are mathematically merged to form three new equivalent orbitals orientated toward the corners of a triangle is sp2 hybridization.

The only feasible molecule geometry for sp2 hybridized center atoms is trigonal planar. When all of the bonds are in place, the shape is trigonal planar as well.

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Answer:

Atomic Number = 9

Mass Number = 19

Explanation:

The atomic number is the total amount of protons in an atom's nucleus. Therefore, if a fluorine atom has 9 protons, the atomic number is 9.

The mass number is the total amount of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. Therefore, if a fluorine atom has 9 protons and 10 neutrons, the mass number is 19 (9 + 10 = 19).

By the use of stoichiometry, the mass of BaO in mixture is 0.06475 g.

From the question;

Mass of BaO in the mixture = x grams

Mass of MgO in the mixture = (6.35 - x) grams

Number of  moles of CO2 initially present;

PV = nRT

= ((750/760) × 3.50) / 0.0821 × 303

n= 0.139

Number of moles of CO2 at the end;

n= PV /RT

= ((245/760) × 3.5) / 303 × 0.0821

= 0.045 mole

Amount of CO2 reacted;

= 0.139 - 0.045

= 0.044 mole

Now;

amount of reacted CO2 = ( amount of BaO + amount of MgO)

amount of BaO in mixture = x / 153 mole

amount of MgO in mixture = 6.35 - x mole / 40

Hence;

= x/ 153 + 6.35/40 = 0.094

= x/153 + 6.35 / 40 - x/40 = 0.094

= x (1/40 - 1153) = (6.35/40 - 0.094)

= x × 10.018464

= 0.06475 g

Hence, the mass of BaO in mixture is 0.06475 g.

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An acute impact is a detrimental reaction to an exposure that occurs immediately or quickly.

A chronic impact is a long-term/permanent result of a single dosage or repeated lesser doses of a toxic drug.

Acute (short-term) effects appear immediately or shortly after chemical exposure. They might be mild, such as nose or throat discomfort, or serious, such as eye damage or passing out from chemical fumes. All of these effects have one thing in common: they occur immediately.

The many methods in which a person might come into contact with dangerous substances are referred to as exposure routes. There are three primary routes of exposure: inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.

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Answer:

Explanation:

B

When a nonmetal bonds with a nonmetal, a covalent bond is involved. Details about non-metals can be found below.

A nonmetal is an element, such as phosphorus or chlorine, that does not have the chemical or physical properties of a metal.

A metal is known to lose or donate electrons when it goes into a reaction, hence, an electrovalent bond is usually formed.

However, a nonmetal is known to accept or gain electrons when it goes into reactions. This means that when two nonmetals bonds in a chemical reaction, a covalent bond is formed between them.

Covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.

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