The correct answer is c. Project L, since the NPVL > NPVS. To determine which project to recommend, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of each project and compare them.
For Project S:
Initial outlay (t = 0): -$10,000
Expected cash flows: $5,000 per year for 5 years
WACC: 16%
Using the NPV formula, we can calculate the NPV for Project S:
NPV_S = -10,000 + (5,000 / (1 + 0.16)^1) + (5,000 / (1 + 0.16)^2) + (5,000 / (1 + 0.16)^3) + (5,000 / (1 + 0.16)^4) + (5,000 / (1 + 0.16)^5)
For Project L:
Initial outlay (t = 0): -$30,000
Expected cash flows: $10,750 per year for 5 years
WACC: 16%
Using the same formula, we can calculate the NPV for Project L:
NPV_L = -30,000 + (10,750 / (1 + 0.16)^1) + (10,750 / (1 + 0.16)^2) + (10,750 / (1 + 0.16)^3) + (10,750 / (1 + 0.16)^4) + (10,750 / (1 + 0.16)^5)
By comparing the NPVs of both projects, we can determine which project to recommend.
The correct answer is:
c. Project L, since the NPV_L > NPV_S.
Therefore, based on the calculations, Project L is recommended as it has a higher NPV compared to Project S.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about broker markets? A)Brokers cannot guarantee an order B)Brokers earn a commission C)Buying through the broker is the fastest way to fulfill an order D)Brokers' extensive contacts provide them with a pool of price information that individual investors could not economically duplicate themselves.
The statement "Buying through the broker is the fastest way to fulfill an order" is NOT true about broker markets.
In broker markets, brokers act as intermediaries between buyers and sellers. They facilitate the execution of trades on behalf of their clients. While brokers provide valuable services and access to market information, the speed of order fulfillment may vary depending on various factors, including market conditions, liquidity, and the specific broker's processes. It is not guaranteed that buying through a broker will always be the fastest way to fulfill an order. Therefore, option C is the statement that is NOT true about broker markets.
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Which is one important purpose of a hotel's rooms occupancy forecast? O a. Helping to improve employee scheduling O b. Identifying periods in which occupancy will exceed 100% O c. Identifying periods of low room demand Od. Helping to manage the hotel's cash flow In most cases, performance forecasts that are made far into the future O a. will require modification O b. are of little to no value to operators O c. will be highly accurate O d. are most useful than shorter term forecasts
One important purpose of a hotel's rooms occupancy forecast is helping to manage the hotel's cash flow. This statement is correct as forecasting enables hotels to predict room sales revenue and occupancy rate, and therefore adjust operations to maximize profits or minimize losses.
Other important purposes of forecasting include helping to improve employee scheduling, as well as identifying periods of low room demand.
Performance forecasts that are made far into the future will require modification. This is because a lot can change in the business environment, making the forecasts inaccurate. Therefore, the farther into the future a forecast is made, the higher the likelihood of changes that could affect the accuracy of the forecast. These forecasts are still useful, however, as they give an idea of what might happen and help with long-term planning.
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One reason for studying operations and supply chain management (OSCM) is which of the following? OSCM is essential for understanding organizational behavior. Most business graduates do OSCM work regardless of their job title. All managers should understand the basic principles that guide the design of transformation processes. OSCM is a required course in all business degree programs. OSCM is the most rigorous business discipline. Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes services from goods? Service jobs are unskilled. A service is intangible. Services are perishable. Services are heterogeneous. O None of these choices are correct
One reason for studying operations and supply chain management (OSCM) is that all managers should understand the basic principles that guide the design of transformation processes.
Understanding OSCM helps managers make informed decisions regarding the efficient allocation of resources, effective coordination of activities, and improvement of productivity within an organization. While OSCM may not be essential for understanding organizational behavior or a required course in all business degree programs, it provides valuable insights into how organizations can optimize their operations and supply chain activities, regardless of the specific job title or industry.
Among the given options, the characteristic that does not distinguish services from goods is "Service jobs are unskilled." This statement is not accurate as service jobs can require a range of skills and qualifications depending on the nature of the service being provided. The distinguishing characteristics of services include intangibility (services cannot be touched or seen), perishability (services cannot be stored or inventoried), and heterogeneity (services can vary in quality and consistency). Therefore, the correct choice is "O None of these choices are correct" as none of the options accurately describe the distinguishing characteristics of services.
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Discuss the following situations from accounting and business perspectives. With the rapid expansion of AKE business, Adam is contemplating on the idea of opening 3 more branches at strategic locations in some new housing residentials. Opening more branches must be accompanied with relevant strategies to support and increase sales/revenue, credit management, improve accounts receivable collection and inventory management. Adam understands that credit terms and shipping strategy could play a significant role in boosting his business' sales, improve accounts receivable collection and inventory management. INSTRUCTIONS: Based on the above situation, discuss and advice Adam to choose the: 1. appropriate credit term to improve increase sales/revenue, credit management, improve accounts receivable collection and inventory. management. 2. appropriate shipping term to improve increase sales/revenue, credit management, improve accounts receivable collection and inventory management.
1. Appropriate credit term to improve increase sales/revenue includes options such as offering discounts for early payment, implementing credit limits and credit checks to manage risk, and establishing clear payment terms to ensure timely collections.
2. Appropriate shipping term to improve increase sales/revenue includes Offering free or discounted shipping for certain order sizes or locations, implementing efficient inventory management systems, partnering with reliable shipping providers etc.
In order to support and increase sales/revenue, improve credit management, accounts receivable collection, and inventory management for the rapid expansion of AKE business, Adam should consider the appropriate credit terms and shipping terms.
Choosing the right credit terms can help attract customers, maintain a healthy cash flow, and reduce the risk of bad debts. Similarly, selecting suitable shipping terms can enhance customer satisfaction, streamline inventory management, and optimize delivery efficiency.
Credit Terms: To improve sales/revenue, credit management, accounts receivable collection, and inventory management, Adam should carefully determine the appropriate credit terms. Offering flexible credit terms can attract more customers and encourage repeat business.
Adam may consider options such as offering discounts for early payment, implementing credit limits and credit checks to manage risk, and establishing clear payment terms to ensure timely collections. By striking a balance between attracting customers and mitigating credit risks, Adam can enhance cash flow and maintain a healthy accounts receivable position.
Shipping Terms: Selecting the appropriate shipping terms is crucial for improving sales/revenue, credit management, accounts receivable collection, and inventory management. Adam should consider factors such as customer expectations, cost-efficiency, and delivery speed. Offering free or discounted shipping for certain order sizes or locations can incentivize customers to make purchases.
Implementing efficient inventory management systems, such as just-in-time inventory, can optimize stock levels and minimize holding costs. Additionally, partnering with reliable shipping providers and negotiating favorable terms can ensure timely deliveries and customer satisfaction.
By carefully assessing and implementing suitable credit terms and shipping terms, Adam can effectively support the expansion of his business, attract customers, improve credit management, streamline accounts receivable collection, and optimize inventory management.
It is essential for Adam to consider the specific needs of his business, target market, and industry dynamics to make informed decisions regarding credit and shipping strategies.
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A currency depreciation on the foreign exchange market will: encourage imports to the country whose currency has depreciated. discourage imports to the country whose currency has depreciated. discourage exports to the country whose currency has depreciated. encourage foreign travel by the citizens of the country whose currency has depreciated. All of the following would add to the demand for U.S. dollars except: long-term capital inflows. foreign travel by United States citizens. exports of commodities from the United States. travel by foreigners on United States airlines.
A currency depreciation on the foreign exchange market will: encourage exports from the country whose currency has depreciated and discourage imports to the country whose currency has depreciated.
All of the following would add to the demand for U.S. dollars except: exports of commodities from the United States.
Currency refers to a medium of exchange that is widely accepted in a specific geographic region or country as a form of payment for goods, services, and debts. It serves as a unit of account, facilitating the valuation and comparison of different goods and services. Currencies can be physical, such as banknotes and coins, or digital in the form of electronic transactions. Each currency has its own value relative to other currencies, which is determined by factors like supply and demand, economic conditions, interest rates, and geopolitical events. Foreign exchange markets enable the conversion of one currency into another, facilitating international trade, investment, and travel.
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term that define the level of risks on a project as define by the project risk score
Risk level refers to the degree of risk associated with a project, determined by the project risk score, which considers various factors to assess the overall risk.
The term that defines the level of risks on a project, as defined by the project risk score is risk level. Risk level refers to the degree of risk involved in a particular scenario or project. It's a metric used to determine the level of risk associated with a specific project, which is determined using the project risk score.Project Risk ScoreThe project risk score is a measure used to determine the level of risk in a project. It considers various factors such as budget, project scope, timelines, and other factors to determine the overall risk score of the project.Once the risk score is calculated, it can be used to determine the risk level of the project, which is typically classified into low, medium, or high-risk levels. The risk level of a project is important to determine the level of mitigation actions that are required to be put in place to address the risks associated with the project.
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A budget deficit will arise if which of the following occurs?
The federal budget is unbalanced where tax revenue exceeds spending.
The federal budget is unbalanced where tax revenue is less than spending.
The federal budget is unbalanced only in a recession.
Deficits do not occur when the economy is growing.
A budget deficit will arise if the federal budget is unbalanced where tax revenue is less than spending.
A budget deficit occurs when the government's total expenditures exceed its total revenue. This indicates that the government is spending more money than it is receiving in taxes and other revenue sources.The federal budget is an itemized plan of the government’s revenue and expenditure over the fiscal year. It helps to determine the government's priorities for spending, as well as the amount of revenue it expects to receive. The budget can either be balanced or unbalanced. A budget deficit occurs when the government's total expenditures exceed its total revenue.
This means that the government is spending more money than it is receiving in taxes and other revenue sources.The primary causes of budget deficits are increased government spending or decreased tax revenue. Increased government spending could be caused by expanding programs such as education, healthcare, or defense. Decreased tax revenue could be the result of tax cuts or recession. When tax revenue falls, there is less money available for the government to fund its programs and meet its obligations, which leads to a budget deficit.Therefore, a budget deficit will arise if the federal budget is unbalanced where tax revenue is less than spending.
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researchers working for a certain airline are investigating the weight of carry-on bags. the researchers will use the mean weight of a random sample of 800 carry-on bags to estimate the mean weight of all carry-on bags for the airline. which of the following best describes the effect on the bias and the variance of the estimator if the researchers increase the sample size to 1,300 ? responses
Option (c): Both the bias and the variance of the estimator decrease.
If the researchers working for a certain airline are investigating the weight of carry-on bags, the researchers will use the mean weight of a random sample of 800 carry-on bags to estimate the mean weight of all carry-on bags for the airline. The effect on the bias and the variance of the estimator if the researchers increase the sample size to 1,300 is as follows:
Effect on bias: The bias decreases with the increase in the sample size, i.e., when the sample size increases from 800 to 1300, the bias decreases. Hence, an increase in sample size will reduce the bias and increase the accuracy of the estimator.
Effect on variance: The variance of the estimator also decreases with the increase in sample size, i.e., when the sample size increases from 800 to 1300, the variance decreases. Hence, an increase in sample size will reduce the variance and make the estimator more precise.
Therefore, both bias and variance decrease when the sample size increases from 800 to 1300. Hence, the option (c) is the correct response.
Option (c): Both the bias and the variance of the estimator decrease.
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Read Appendix 7-A and answer the following questions.
Assuming you are a compensation manager, and you are filling a manager position with a salary of $60,000 under our new selective hiring approach (versus $50,000 under the old system). You predict that the salary increase will boost the performance (increase Z from .80 to 1.75). Also, the validity coefficient performance predictor (r) is 0.5, the standard deviation of the dollar value of different performance (SDy) is $30,000, and cost per application (C) is 500, and the selection ratio (SR) is 0.25.
Based on the information provided above, what is the utility of the old system?
What is the utility of the new system?
Based on the results, as well as the benefit factor (40% on top of every dollar of direct pay), which system will you choose? Why?
The utility of the old system is calculated as follows:u= z(r * SDy /C)Where z = standard normal distribution value of the reliability coefficient and ranges from -3 to +3 (or -∞ to +∞) for r = 0 to 1. It is an estimate of the percentage of an ideal gain (100%) in the criterion that can be expected from using the selection method.
r = the correlation coefficient between test scores and job performance. In this case, r = 0.5.SDy = the standard deviation of job performance in dollars. It is $30,000 in this scenario.C = the total cost per applicant or hire. It is $500.Selection ratio (SR) is the number of employees selected divided by the number of applicants or candidates. It is 0.25, according to the information provided above.We can calculate the utility of the old system using the formula:u= z(r * SDy /C) = z(0.5 * $30,000/$500) = 6.0 * 0.10 = 0.60 or 60%
The utility of the old system is 60%.Utility of the new system
The utility of the new system can be calculated using the formula:u = z(r * SDy /C)u= z[(1.75 - 0.80) * (0.5 * $30,000) / $500]u= z(0.975 * $30,000/$500)u= z(58.50)The utility of the new system can be calculated as:u = 9.21 * 0.10u = 0.92 or 92%
The utility of the new system is 92%.Based on the results, as well as the benefit factor (40% on top of every dollar of direct pay), the new system will be chosen because it has a higher utility (92%) than the old system (60%).Moreover, the benefit factor is applied to the total dollar amount of direct pay, which is $60,000 under the new system. It is calculated as follows:Benefit factor = 40%Benefit factor on top of every dollar of direct pay = 0.40 * $60,000 = $24,000The total pay for the new system would be $60,000 + $24,000 = $84,000. Since the new system has a higher utility, it would be the preferred choice, even with the higher cost.
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(a) Draw the economy in a long-run equilibrium according to the AD/AS model. Label the axes and all curves. Label the equilibrium in each graph with the letter "A". (b) On the graph, indicate the value of the natural level of output using, Y*, the current value of output, Yı, and the current price level, P₁. (c) Consider the impact of an increase in the money supply by the central bank. Include on your graph the short-run equilibrium. Label this "B". Also indicate the short-run equilibrium output, Y2, and price level, P2.
(a) In the AD/AS model, the long-run equilibrium occurs when aggregate demand (AD) intersects the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve. The axes of the graph should be labeled as Price Level (P) on the vertical axis and Real Output (Y) on the horizontal axis. Draw the LRAS curve as a vertical line at the level of potential output (Y*). The AD curve should intersect the LRAS curve at the equilibrium point labeled "A."
(b) To indicate the natural level of output (Y*), draw a vertical line from the intersection of AD and LRAS curves to the horizontal axis and label it as Y*. Mark the current value of output, Yı, on the horizontal axis, and the current price level, P₁, on the vertical axis.
(c) An increase in the money supply by the central bank will shift the AD curve to the right. Draw a new AD curve parallel to the original but shifted to the right. The intersection of the new AD curve with the LRAS curve represents the short-run equilibrium labeled as "B." Mark the short-run equilibrium output, Y2, and the corresponding price level, P2, on the graph.
Remember to label all curves and equilibria clearly to provide a comprehensive visualization of the AD/AS model.
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Explain cultural, demographic and social impacts on performance management.
Answer:
Cultural, demographic, and social factors significantly influence performance management within organizations.
Explanation:
Cultural differences shape the expectations, norms, and values related to performance.
Demographic factors, such as age, gender, and education, impact individuals' perspectives on feedback and recognition. Social dynamics, including power structures and social relationships, influence performance evaluations. Organizations must consider these impacts to ensure effective performance management. They should promote cultural sensitivity, recognizing and respecting diverse cultural backgrounds.
Customizing performance management approaches to individual demographic groups helps meet their specific needs. Transparent communication channels, clear expectations, and continuous feedback foster a positive social environment. Training programs on cultural competence and unbiased evaluation techniques mitigate potential negative impacts. Regular evaluation and improvement of performance management practices ensure fairness and align with organizational goals. By addressing these impacts, organizations can enhance performance management's effectiveness and create an inclusive and supportive work environment.
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why is the process of assessing project feasibility so important
The process of assessing project feasibility is important because it helps determine the viability and potential success of a project before committing resources and effort.
Assessing project feasibility involves evaluating various aspects such as technical feasibility, financial viability, market potential, and operational feasibility. By conducting a comprehensive feasibility analysis, organizations can identify potential risks, challenges, and opportunities associated with the project. This allows them to make informed decisions and prioritize projects that have a higher likelihood of achieving the desired outcomes.
The feasibility assessment helps in identifying any potential issues or obstacles that may hinder the project's progress or impact its profitability. It enables organizations to assess whether the project aligns with their strategic objectives and if they have the necessary resources, skills, and capabilities to execute it successfully. By considering factors such as market demand, competitive landscape, financial projections, and technical requirements, organizations can make more informed decisions about whether to proceed with the project or explore alternative options.
Ultimately, conducting a thorough project feasibility assessment minimizes the risk of investing resources in projects that are unlikely to deliver the desired results. It helps organizations make informed decisions, allocate resources effectively, and increase the chances of project success.
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Jim is the senior salesperson at Ace Electronics in Queens, New York. Ace’s sales were over $15 million during 2018. At Ace’s holiday party on December 20, 2018, Brandon, the president of Ace Electronics, in a speech, publicly praised Jim and stated that Jim would receive an additional $75,000 bonus for Jim’s excellent performance in 2018. During the second week of January 2019, Ace experienced an unprecedented number of returns of defective merchandise which eliminated much of Ace’s profits for 2018. Brandon blamed Jim for this turn of events and refused to pay the $75,000 bonus. Jim sues Ace for the $75,000 bonus. (a) Judgment for whom? Explain fully. (b) Would your answer to (a) be different if Brandon’s promise to Jim was in a signed email that he sent to Jim after the holiday party? Explain fully
The judgment would likely be in favor of Jim. Jim performed excellently in 2018 based on Brandon's acknowledgment, and he had a legitimate expectation to receive the bonus as a result. If Brandon's promise to Jim was in a signed email sent after the holiday party, it would strengthen Jim's case. A signed email can be considered a written contract, and the email serves as evidence of the promise made by Brandon.
(a) The judgment would likely be in favor of Jim. Despite the unforeseen returns of defective merchandise that affected Ace's profits, Brandon's public praise and promise of a $75,000 bonus at the holiday party created a valid and enforceable contract.
Jim performed excellently in 2018 based on Brandon's acknowledgment, and he had a legitimate expectation to receive the bonus as a result. Ace's financial difficulties cannot be used as a reason to avoid paying the promised bonus.
(b) If Brandon's promise to Jim was in a signed email sent after the holiday party, it would strengthen Jim's case. A signed email can be considered a written contract, and the email serves as evidence of the promise made by Brandon.
This strengthens the enforceability of the promise and increases the likelihood of a judgment in favor of Jim. The financial difficulties faced by Ace would still not be a valid reason to avoid paying the bonus if there was a clear and documented promise made in writing.
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Using CAPM, what is the expected return of a stock with a beta of 0.5 if the expected return of the market is 8.5% and Teasury Bills are yielding 1.5%? ENTER YOUR ANSWER WITHOUT THE PERCENT SIGN (i.e. 7.5% should be entered as 7.5)
Return of a stock with a beta of 0.5 if the expected return of the market is 8.5% and Treasury Bills are yielding 1.5%
:r = 1.5% + 0.5(8.5% - 1.5%)r = 1.5% + 0.5(7%)r = 1.5% + 3.5%r = 5%
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a financial model that calculates the expected return of an asset based on its risk and expected market returns. The CAPM formula can be written as follows:
r = Rf + Beta(Rm - Rf)Where, r is the expected return of the asset,Rf is the risk-free rate of return,
β is the beta of the asset,Rm is the expected return of the market.Return of a stock with a beta of 0.5 if the expected return of the market is 8.5% and Treasury Bills are yielding 1.5%:
r = 1.5% + 0.5(8.5% - 1.5%)r = 1.5% + 0.5(7%)r = 1.5% + 3.5%r = 5%
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"The Lalonde report was the first government document recognizing the role of individual behavior in health. " True or False.
"True", The Lalonde report was the first official document to acknowledge the significance of personal behavior's for health.
The Lalonde report is a well-known report that laid the groundwork for the health promotion movement in the 1970s. It was released in Canada in 1974 by the Federal Government of Canada's Minister of Health and Welfare, Marc Lalonde. It is significant for numerous reasons, including being the first government report that emphasized the importance of personal health choices and ways to help people improve their own health.
It emphasized four interdependent areas of health determination, including lifestyle, healthcare organization, environment, and heredity.
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Time left All of the following would be entries in assigning costs to the Work In Process Inventory account except: Select one: O a. the purchase of raw materials O b. raw materials are used in production Oc. overhead is applied O d. factory labor is used O e. none of these
All of the following would be entries in assigning costs to the Work In Process Inventory account except: the purchase of raw materials.
Work in progress (WIP) refers to products that are partially completed and are in various stages of production at a manufacturer or company. These products are not considered to be finished goods or inventory, which are fully produced goods awaiting sale to customers. Cost accounting is used to assign costs to WIP Inventory, and to recognize the revenues generated by the sale of finished goods.
The following would be entries in assigning costs to the Work In Process Inventory account except the purchase of raw materials, as raw materials purchased are first recorded in the Raw Materials Inventory account.
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Eco Hub is an ecopreneur business idea that will soon produce and sell eco-friendly bags, T-shirts and other accessories. This is owned by Ella and Connie, who are environmental advocates. They only have Php 250,000 starting capital. They need your suggestions and brilliant business ideas in terms of how the 4Ms will be put into play.
1. What appropriate methods in manufacturing and selling would you suggest for them?
2. How many manpower should they hire? Specify their qualifications and their job position.
3. What machine/s should they acquire for the business? Why is/are it/they needed?
4. What materials would you suggest for them? Who would be the possible supplier?
1. Appropriate methods in manufacturing and selling would be to consider low-cost and eco-friendly methods such as using recycled materials and advertising through social media platforms and marketing strategies to reach target audiences.
2. They can hire two full-time employees for sales and marketing and a part-time employee for product design. Sales and marketing staff should have a degree in Business or Marketing while the product designer must have experience in designing and creating eco-friendly products.3. The machines that they will need to acquire are sewing machines, printers, and packaging equipment. These machines are essential in the production process of eco-friendly bags, T-shirts, and other accessories.
Sewing machines are used for stitching products while printers are used for product design and branding. Packaging equipment is needed to package the products in an eco-friendly manner.4. For materials, they can use natural materials such as organic cotton, bamboo, and hemp as well as recycled materials such as plastic bottles and paper products. Possible suppliers include eco-friendly material manufacturers and distributors.
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Company Atem makes most of its sales on account. In their most recent fiscal year, the company recorded sales of $8,230,000; during the year, they wrote off customer accounts in the amount of $147,000 as uncollectible. At the beginning of the year, the balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts was a credit of $90,000. At year-end, the balance in Accounts Receivable was $860,000. Required.
Use tab "P 3" in the spreadsheet:
a. Assume that Atem uses the percentage of sales method to estimate bad debts and that their experience indicates that 1.8% of sales will turn out to be uncollectible. Prepare the adjusting entry to record bad debts.
b. As a separate case, assume that T uses the percentage of receivables method and that they estimate 2.2% of outstanding receivables will become uncollectible. Prepare the adjusting entry in this case.
Atem had sales of $8,230,000, wrote off $147,000 in uncollectible accounts, began the year with a balance of $90,000 in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and ended the year with $860,000 in Accounts Receivable. We need to prepare adjusting entries using the percentage of sales and percentage of receivables method to estimate bad debts.
To begin with, using the percentage of sales method, we need to estimate the bad debts expense for the year.
Given that Atem's experience indicates that 1.8% of sales will turn out to be uncollectible, we can compute this as $8,230,000 x 1.8% = $147,540.
Since the allowance for doubtful accounts already has a credit balance of $90,000, we need to increase this account by the difference of $57,540. Therefore, the adjusting entry to record bad debts is:
Bad Debts Expense $57,540
Allowance for Doubtful accounts $57,540
As a separate case, using the percentage of receivables method, we need to estimate the balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts based on the outstanding Accounts Receivable.
If Atem estimates that 2.2% of outstanding receivables will become uncollectible, we can compute this as $860,000 x 2.2% = $18,920. Since the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts already has a credit balance of $90,000, we need to decrease this account by the difference of $71,080. Therefore, the adjusting entry to record bad debts is:
Bad Debts Expense $71,080
Allowance for Doubtful accounts $71,080
In conclusion, the adjusting entries using the percentage of sales and percentage of receivables methods provide an estimated amount for bad debts based on Atem's previous experience.
By adjusting the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts to reflect the estimated amount, the company can better match expenses with revenue and provide a more accurate picture of its financial position.
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CASE : Marketing Mix consists of the 4 P's. One of those P's is Place. KFC came into conflict with its franchisees over the brand's Unthink KF positioning which emphasized grilled chicken over its traditional Kentucky fried chicken.
QUESTION: Identify the type of channel conflict experienced by KFC.
KFC experienced a type of channel conflict known as "Vertical Conflict" with its franchisees over the brand's Unthink KF positioning. Vertical conflict occurs when conflicts arise between different levels of the distribution channel, such as between the manufacturer/brand and its intermediaries, such as franchisees or retailers.
In this case, the conflict arose from the disagreement between KFC and its franchisees regarding the brand's strategic decision to emphasize grilled chicken over its traditional Kentucky fried chicken. The franchisees, who operate the individual KFC outlets, may have felt that this shift in positioning could negatively impact their sales and profitability.
They may have preferred to continue focusing on the traditional Kentucky fried chicken that had been the brand's signature offering for years.
This type of vertical conflict can be challenging for both the brand and its franchisees. It can strain the relationship between the brand and its intermediaries, leading to issues such as resistance from franchisees, lack of cooperation, or even legal disputes. Resolving vertical conflicts often requires effective communication, negotiation, and finding a balance between the brand's strategic direction and the concerns and interests of the franchisees.
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Match the following:
Prompts :
Selling price is $3. PAR value is $2.5
Selling price is $3. PAR value is $4
Selling price is $3. PAR value is $3
Selling price is $3. PAR value not available
Submitted Answers
Choose a match:
Discount NO-PAR value
Common stocks
No premium nor discount
Premium
Preferred stocks
Selling price and PAR value determine the presence of premium, discount, common stocks, or preferred stocks in investments.
Selling price is $3. PAR value is $2.5 - No premium nor discount
Selling price is $3. PAR value is $4 - Premium
Selling price is $3. PAR value is $3 - Common stocks
Selling price is $3. PAR value not available - Preferred stocks
In the first prompt, where the selling price is $3 and the PAR value is $2.5, there is no premium nor discount. This means that the selling price is equal to the PAR value.
In the second prompt, where the selling price is $3 and the PAR value is $4, there is a premium. The selling price is higher than the PAR value.
In the third prompt, where the selling price is $3 and the PAR value is $3, it refers to common stocks. Common stocks represent ownership in a company and do not have a fixed PAR value.
In the fourth prompt, where the PAR value is not available, it refers to preferred stocks. Preferred stocks have a predetermined dividend and usually do not have a PAR value associated with them.
These matches demonstrate the relationship between selling price, PAR value, and the types of stocks.
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Here are comparative balance sheets for Kingbird Company. Prepare a statement of cash flows—indirect method.
KINGBIRD COMPANY
Comparative Balance Sheets
December 31
Assets
2020
2019
Cash
$72,000 $22,000
Accounts receivable
88,000 75,000
Inventory
171,000 188,000
Land
71,000 99,000
Equipment
260,000 197,000
Accumulated depreciation - equipment
(67,000) (32,000)
Total
$595,000 $549,000
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Accounts payable
$37,000 $47,000
Bonds payable
149,000 208,000
Common stock ($1 par)
212,000 171,000
Retained earnings
197,000 123,000
Total
$595,000 $549,000
Additional information:
1. Net income for 2020 was $102,000.
2. Cash dividends of $28,000 were declared and paid.
3. Bonds payable amounting to $59,000 were redeemed for cash $59,000.
4. Common stock was issued for $41,000 cash.
5. Equipment that cost $49,000 and had a book value of $29,000 was sold for $38,000 during 2020; land was sold at cost.
(a)
Prepare a statement of cash flows for 2020 using the indirect method.
The statement of cash flows reflects a company's liquidity and solvency, allowing investors to assess its ability to pay debts. The cash and cash equivalents balance at the end of 2020 is $180,000.
The indirect method statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2020, is calculated as follows: KINGBIRD COMPANY
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Particulars Amount($)
Cash Flow from Operating Activities:
Net income 102,000
Depreciation Expense 35,000
Changes in Current Assets and Current Liabilities:
Increase in Accounts Receivable(13,000)
Decrease in Inventory17,000
Increase in Accounts Payable(10,000)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 131,000
Cash Flow from Investing Activities: Sale of equipment 38,000
Sale of land-Add: Decrease in accumulated depreciation35,000
Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities73,000
Cash Flow from Financing Activities: Issuance of common stock 41,000
Redemption of bonds payable(59,000)
Dividends Paid(28,000)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities(46,000)
Net Increase in Cash158,000
Add: Cash, January 1, 202022,000 Cash, December 31, 2020 $180,000
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Give an example of a low cost consumer product. Imagine that your company manufactures this product. Given your companies limited resources, describe the marketing channels, other than online distribution, that your company should use. (marketing)
To maximize reach and distribution for a low-cost consumer product, the company should utilize retail stores, supermarkets, telecommunications providers, mobile vendors, direct sales events, and strategic alliances in addition to online distribution.
Let's consider a low-cost mobile phone as the consumer product.
Marketing Channels:
Retail Stores: Partnering with local retail stores or mobile phone shops to stock and sell the product can reach a wider offline customer base.
Supermarkets and Hypermarkets: Collaborating with large supermarket chains to feature the product in their electronics section can increase visibility and attract impulse buyers.
Telecommunications Providers: Working with telecom companies to offer the low-cost phone as part of their prepaid or postpaid plans can leverage their customer base and distribution networks.
Mobile Vendors: Establishing partnerships with street vendors or small kiosks specializing in mobile phones can reach price-sensitive customers who prefer in-person purchasing.
Direct Sales: Conducting product demonstrations and sales events at community gatherings, fairs, or exhibitions can create direct engagement with potential customers.
Strategic Alliances: Collaborating with consumer electronics stores or brands that have a complementary target market to cross-promote and distribute the product.
By utilizing a combination of these offline marketing channels, in addition to online distribution, the company can effectively reach a diverse range of potential customers for its low-cost consumer product while optimizing its limited resources.
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The graph below represents the cost and revenue situation for the Bagel Company. PRICE (Dollars per bagel) MC $7.00 ATC $5.50 $4.00 1 1 $2.00 Demand IMR 1 160 230 280 QUANTITY (Bagels) a) Is the market one of perfect or imperfect competition? How do we know? b) What is the profit maximizing quantity of bagels produced per time period? c) What is the profit situation for the company at this output level? d) In the light of your answer to the previous question, would you advise the company to produce bagels where unit or average costs are at a minimum?
a) Based on the information provided, we can determine whether the market is one of perfect or imperfect competition by analyzing the characteristics of perfect competition. In perfect competition, there are many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, perfect information, and easy market entry and exit.
From the graph, we can see that the market demand curve is downward-sloping, indicating that there are multiple buyers for the bagels. However, we don't have information about the number of sellers or the presence of homogeneous products. Without this information, we cannot definitively determine whether the market is one of perfect or imperfect competition.
b) The profit-maximizing quantity of bagels produced per time period can be determined by finding the quantity where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). In the graph, MC is represented by the curve labeled "MC," and the demand curve is labeled "Demand."
To find the profit-maximizing quantity, we look for the point where MC intersects with MR. In this case, it occurs at a quantity of 230 bagels. Thus, the profit-maximizing quantity of bagels produced per time period is 230.
c) To determine the profit situation for the company at this output level, we compare the average total cost (ATC) to the price. In the graph, ATC is represented by the curve labeled "ATC."
At the profit-maximizing quantity of 230 bagels, we find the corresponding point on the demand curve. If the price exceeds the ATC at that quantity, the company is making a profit. However, if the price is less than the ATC, the company is incurring a loss.
Based on the graph, the price is above the ATC at the profit-maximizing quantity of 230 bagels. Therefore, the company is making a profit at this output level.
d) In light of the company's profit situation at the current output level, where it is making a profit, it would be advisable to continue producing bagels. Producing bagels at a quantity where unit or average costs are at a minimum (minimum ATC) would further enhance the company's profitability. By producing at the minimum ATC, the company can lower its cost per unit and potentially increase its profit margins.
However, since the graph does not provide information on the minimum ATC point, further analysis would be required to identify the optimal quantity where unit costs are minimized.
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Stan is a regular visitor to a local MacBig restaurant that provides a self-service facility where customers have the option of selecting drink and food items from a menu displayed on a touch screen located just inside the entrance. To select a product, a customer only has to touch an image or icon showing the desired product or products they wish to consume, and then touch a virtual 'OK' button to submit an order. The order is relayed to the food preparation area where the customer's order is prepared. Once prepared MacBig's front counter staff are made aware the order is ready and the customer's ticket number is displayed on a large screen which symbolises their order is ready for collection.
Customers using the touch screen are immediately issued with a printed ticket containing an order number and the price payable at the front counter.
Customers present these tickets to the cashiers who confirm the relayed order appearing on their screens. At this point, the customers pay for their purchases and await delivery.
This system is designed to save time during peak periods and is very popular. Some customers place their orders as takeaways, while others, like Stan, prefer to be seated and consume them on the premises. The customers preselect these preferences when they use the touch screen.
When Stan reached the cashier, he paid $10 for the hamburger and drink, collected his order located a vacant table and enjoyed a leisurely meal.
A couple of days later, Stan returned and instead of his normal meal decided to order the new gourmet burger and hand cut chips. The order was placed through the self-service ordering system. The total cost was $17.50 which he duly paid. Following the payment being processed Stan received the normal printed ticket which included his order number, order and price.
Stan's order number appeared on the screen, and after collecting the order Stan found a vacant table and started to eat his meal. As Stan took a second bite of his gourmet burger he struck something hard and broke a tooth. Stan examined the chewed remains and found a piece of metal that had somehow been lodged in the burger.
Stan alerted management to this incident and demanded compensation for his anticipated dental repair. The manager expressed regret and directed Stan to the ticket he had received which on its reverse side, contained a clause stating:
This restaurant accepts no responsibility or liability for any injury caused to customers by consumption of food or drink sold.
In response, Stan exclaimed, 'I'm a consumer and I have rights!'
Required
Using case law explain whether the café is legally entitled to rely on the clause printed on the ticket to avoid liability in relation to Stan's mishap.
Write the answer in IRAC Form.
Stan's exclamation, "I'm a consumer and I have rights!", indicates his belief that he should be entitled to compensation for the dental injury he suffered while consuming the food at the MacBig restaurant.
The situation raises the question of whether the clause on the back of the ticket absolving the restaurant of liability is legally valid and whether Stan's rights as a consumer have been violated. Let's examine the key elements involved in this scenario.
Contractual Relationship: When Stan placed his order through the self-service system and received the printed ticket, a contractual relationship was established between him and the restaurant. The terms and conditions mentioned on the ticket, including the liability disclaimer, are crucial for determining the rights and responsibilities of both parties.
Liability Disclaimers: The clause on the back of the ticket, stating that the restaurant accepts no responsibility or liability for any injury caused by the consumption of food or drink, is a common form of liability disclaimer. Such disclaimers aim to limit the restaurant's liability for incidents that may occur during the consumption of their products.
Consumer Rights: While consumers have rights, including the right to safety and protection from defective products, these rights can vary depending on jurisdiction and specific laws governing consumer protection. It is essential to consider the relevant consumer protection laws in Stan's jurisdiction to determine the extent of his rights in this particular case.
Negligence: If the presence of the metal piece in the gourmet burger resulted from the restaurant's negligence, such as contamination during food preparation or a foreign object accidentally entering the burger, Stan may have grounds for a legal claim.
Reasonableness and Unfair Contract Terms: In some jurisdictions, certain contractual terms may be deemed unfair or unreasonable if they excessively limit a consumer's rights or contradict mandatory consumer protection laws. The enforceability of the liability disclaimer on the back of the ticket would depend on the specific laws and regulations governing consumer contracts in Stan's jurisdiction.
In conclusion, Stan's demand for compensation for his dental injury raises legal considerations regarding the liability disclaimer on the back of the ticket and the applicable consumer rights and protections. To determine the outcome, it would be necessary to consult the relevant consumer protection laws and regulations in Stan's jurisdiction and assess whether the liability disclaimer is enforceable and whether the restaurant's actions constituted negligence or violated any consumer rights.
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2 points Save Answer Friends Partnership has three partners. The balance of each partner' capital is: Alia $48,000; Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. Alia withdraws from the Partnership. The remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, agreed to pay cash of $54,000 for Alia from partnership. The partners share income and loss equally. Required 4 How much is the capital balance for the remaining partners Mariam and Fatima after the withdrawal of Alia. Please DO NOT use the "$" and "," signs in you ansewr. For example, if the right answer is Mariam $75,000 and Fatima $85,000, it should be EXACTLY written as: 75000 85000 Mariam Fatima
The capital balance for the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, after the withdrawal of Alia is:
Mariam: 51000
Fatima: 51000
To calculate the capital balance for the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, after the withdrawal of Alia, we need to determine the total capital balance and then divide it equally between the two partners.
Total capital balance of the partnership:
Alia's capital balance + Mariam's capital balance + Fatima's capital balance = $48,000 + $50,000 + $52,000 = $150,000
Since Alia is withdrawing from the partnership, her capital balance will be deducted from the total capital balance.
Remaining capital balance for Mariam and Fatima:
Total capital balance of the partnership - Alia's capital balance = $150,000 - $48,000 = $102,000
To divide the remaining capital equally between Mariam and Fatima, we divide the total by 2:
Capital balance for Mariam = $102,000 / 2 = $51,000
Capital balance for Fatima = $102,000 / 2 = $51,000
Therefore, the capital balance for the remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, after the withdrawal of Alia is:
Mariam: 51000
Fatima: 51000
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(Saving for retirement—future value of an annuity) Selma and Patty Bouvier are twins and both work at the Springfield DMV. Selma and Patty Bouvier decide to save for retirement, which is 35 years away. They'll both receive an annual return of 11 percent on their investment over the next 35 years. Selma invests $1,900 per year at the end of each year only for the first 10 years of the 35-year period—for a total of $19,000 saved. Patty doesn't start saving for 10 years and then saves $1,900 per year at the end of each year for the remaining 25 years—for a total of $47,500 saved. How much will each of them have when they retire?
Selma invests $1,900 per year for 10 years at the end of each year. She invests at the end of each year which means the amount will be the ordinary annuity. We can use the future value of ordinary annuity formula for the calculation of Selma’s investment.
Given data;
Annual interest rate (r) = 11%
Selma’s investment = $1,900 per year for 10 years
Paty’s investment = $1,900 per year for the remaining 25 years
FVoa= PMT x [(1 + r)n – 1] / r
Where, PMT = Periodic Payment = $1,900
r = Annual interest rate = 11%
n = Number of years = 10 years
FVoa = $1,900 x [(1 + 0.11)¹⁰ – 1] / 0.11 = $43,937.07
Now, Patty invests $1,900 per year for the remaining 25 years at the end of each year. She invests at the end of each year which means the amount will be the ordinary annuity. We can use the future value of ordinary annuity formula for the calculation of Patty’s investment.
FVoa= PMT x [(1 + r)n – 1] / r
Where, PMT = Periodic Payment = $1,900
r = Annual interest rate = 11%
n = Number of years = 25 years
FVoa = $1,900 x [(1 + 0.11)²⁵ – 1] / 0.11 = $268,153.16
Therefore, Selma will have $43,937.07 and Patty will have $268,153.16 when they retire.
The future value of an annuity is calculated by multiplying the annuity payments by the interest factor. Selma invests $1,900 per year for 10 years, and Patty invests $1,900 per year for the remaining 25 years at the end of each year. Selma and Patty are twins and work at the Springfield DMV. Selma and Patty Bouvier decided to save for retirement, which is 35 years away. They will both receive an annual return of 11 percent on their investment over the next 35 years. Selma invests $1,900 per year at the end of each year only for the first 10 years of the 35-year period. In total, Selma saved $19,000. On the other hand, Patty did not start saving for ten years, and then saved $1,900 per year at the end of each year for the remaining 25 years. In total, Patty saved $47,500. The amount that Selma will have when she retires is $43,937.07, and the amount that Patty will have when she retires is $268,153.16. It shows that Selma has saved less than Patty and will have less money when she retires.
Thus, we can say that the calculation of future value of an annuity is very important for retirement planning. The future value of an annuity formula is an important part of retirement planning, and it is used to calculate the amount of money that will be available for retirement. The future value of an annuity formula is based on several factors, including the amount of the annuity payments, the length of the annuity, and the interest rate.
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ami's parents would like to have 190,000 SR when they retire in 8years. How much should they invest today, at interest rate of 5%? Formula: Financial table:
To find out how much Ami's parents should invest today, we can use the following formula:
FV = PV * (1 + r)^t
Where:
FV = Future Value = 190,000 SR
PV = Present Value = Unknown
r = Interest Rate = 5%
t = Time Period = 8 years
Plugging in these values, we get:
190,000 = PV * (1 + 0.05)^8
PV = 119,005.58 SR
Therefore, Ami's parents should invest 119,005.58 SR today at an interest rate of 5% to have 190,000 SR in 8 years.
Here is a table that shows the growth of the investment over time:
Year | Amount
-------|--------
0 | 119,005.58
1 | 124,603.72
2 | 129,319.67
3 | 133,160.89
4 | 136,134.78
5 | 138,258.77
6 | 140,540.21
7 | 142,986.42
8 | 145,604.74
As you can see, the investment grows at a compound interest rate of 5% each year. This means that the interest earned on the investment is reinvested, which in turn earns interest. This helps the investment grow faster over time.
It is important to note that this is just an estimate. The actual amount of money that Ami's parents will have in 8 years will depend on a number of factors, such as the actual interest rate they earn and the performance of the investments they choose.
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When are unconditional promises to give recognized as revenues? A) In the period the promise is received.
B) In the period the promise is collected.
C) In the period in which the conditions upon which they are contingent are substantially met.
D) In the period in which the conditions upon which they are contingent have begun to be met.
E) Unconditional promises from potential donors are not revenues.
The correct option for the given question is C. In the period in which the conditions upon which they are contingent are substantially met.
Unconditional promises to give are recognized as revenues in the period in which the conditions upon which they are contingent are substantially met.
What are unconditional promises to give?
Unconditional promises to give are pledges made by donors to contribute funds to a charity or not-for-profit organization at some point in the future. A donor may pledge to donate a certain amount of money or property, but the payment is not due until some time in the future. The promise is considered to be unconditional if there are no conditions attached to it, such as requiring the charity to do something specific in return.
How are unconditional promises to give recognized as revenues?
Unconditional promises to give are recognized as revenues in the period in which the conditions upon which they are contingent are substantially met. If there are no contingencies associated with the promise, the pledge can be recognized as revenue immediately. However, if there are contingencies associated with the promise, the revenue recognition may be deferred until the conditions have been met.
The following conditions must be met before revenue from unconditional promises to give can be recognized:
There are no contingencies associated with the promise.
A promise to give is made explicitly and in writing.
The promise is unconditional, and the organization has no reason to doubt that the gift will be received.
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A website can influence its click-through rate on the SERP through the following, except
a) the title tag
b) the meta description
c) headline and subhead names
d) the URL name
A website can influence its click-through rate on the SERP through the following, except the headline and subhead names. Hence, the correct option is (c) headline and subhead names.
How can a website influence its click-through rate (CTR) on the SERP?CTR (Click-Through Rate) is a metric that helps us determine the success of a website on the search engine results page (SERP). The higher your CTR is, the higher the traffic your website will receive.
A website can improve its click-through rate on the SERP by focusing on certain elements. The following elements can be used to influence the CTR of a website:Title tagURL Name Meta description. The website can influence its click-through rate on the SERP through the title tag, the meta description, and the URL name.
Hence, the correct option is c, headline, and subhead names are not the influencing factors.
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B2: COSTS and PROFITS with ......20 points. (a) Suppose we have the following production function: Q=K¹1/2L1/2 Suppose K is fixed in the short-run at 16. Let r= $20 and w= $20. State the firm's short-run cost minimization problem given the fixed input. COBB-DOUGLAS...................... (b) Derive the short-run cost function so that we have costs as a function of Q: eg C(Q) = ? Show your work/reasoning. (c) Show that average costs first fall then rise with greater output. You can do this in a table or mathematically. Why does AC fall then rise? (d) What do we mean by a shut-down price? How is the shut-down price related to average variable costs? Explain. (e) What is the shut-down price if r= $20 and w=$20? Explain. (1 points) (f) Let P = $12. State the firm's profit maximizing problem. (g) Find optimal output. You can do this in a table or mathematically. Should the firm shut-down? Explain.
(a) The firm's short-run cost minimization problem is to determine the optimal combination of labor (L) that minimizes the total cost for producing a given quantity of output (Q), considering that capital (K) is fixed at 16 units. The cost minimization problem can be stated as:
Minimize C = wL + rK, subject to Q = K^(1/2)L^(1/2)
(b) To derive the short-run cost function, we need to eliminate one of the variables (K or L) from the production function. Since K is fixed at 16 units, we can substitute K = 16 into the production function:
Q = (16)^(1/2)L^(1/2)
Q = 4L^(1/2)
Solving for L, we get:
L = (Q/4)^2
Substituting this expression for L into the cost function, we have:
C(Q) = wL + rK
C(Q) = w[(Q/4)^2] + r(16)
C(Q) = (w/16)Q^2 + 320
Thus, the short-run cost function is C(Q) = (w/16)Q^2 + 320.
(c) To show that average costs first fall then rise with greater output, we can calculate the average cost (AC) at different levels of output. Assuming fixed inputs and using the short-run cost function from part (b), we can construct a table:
Output (Q) | Total Cost (TC) | Average Cost (AC)
1 | 340 | 340
2 | 380 | 190
4 | 440 | 110
8 | 560 | 70
16 | 800 | 50
From the table, we can see that as output initially increases, average costs decrease. However, after a certain point, average costs start to rise. This is because in the short-run, with fixed inputs, there is a limit to the productivity gains from increasing output, resulting in diminishing returns and higher average costs.
(d) A shut-down price is the price at which a firm decides to temporarily cease operations and produce zero output in the short-run. It is determined by comparing the price (P) with the average variable cost (AVC). If the price falls below the average variable cost, the firm incurs losses on every unit produced and it may choose to shut down to minimize losses.
The shut-down price is related to average variable costs because the average variable cost represents the variable costs per unit of output. If the price falls below the average variable cost, it means that the revenue from selling each unit is not sufficient to cover the variable costs, leading to losses.
(e) If r = $20 and w = $20, the shut-down price can be determined by comparing the price with the average variable cost. Since the average variable cost is not given in the question, we cannot determine the exact shut-down price without further information.
(f) The firm's profit maximizing problem is to determine the optimal level of output (Q) that maximizes its profit. Given that the price (P) is $12, the profit maximizing problem can be stated as:
Maximize π = PQ - C(Q), where π represents profit.
(g) To find the optimal output, we need to equate marginal cost (MC) to the price (P) and determine the corresponding quantity. Since the marginal cost is the derivative of the cost function, we can calculate MC as:
MC(Q) = dC(Q)/dQ = (w/8)Q
Setting MC equal to P:
(w/8)Q = P
(w
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