Q1 1 n Consider the following partial combinatorial argument that n² = n + 2 - 1 (i – 1). = i=1 Arshpreet and Meixuan are at an ice cream shop with n different flavours on the menu, labelled with integers from 1 to n. We count the number of ways they can each order one scoop of ice cream in two different ways. Method 1: Arshpreet chooses a flavour (n choices) and Meixuan chooses a flavour (n choices). By the Rule of Product, there are ndifferent ways they can order ice cream. Method 2: First, there are n ways for Arshpreet and Meixuan to choose the same flavour. If they pick different flavours, Finish the combinatorial argument by completing Method 2.

Answer:

18

Step-by-step explanation:

make p the subject of the formula

P=126/7

p= 18

The equation of the line in slope-intercept form is y = -3x + 1.

To work out the values of m and c for the line, we need to rearrange the equation into the slope-intercept form, which is y = mx + c, where m is the slope of the line and c is the y-intercept.

In slope-intercept form, the equation of a line is y = mx + c, where m is the slope of the line and c is the y-intercept.

To obtain this form from the given equation y + 3x = 1, we need to isolate y on one side by subtracting 3x from both sides, giving us:

y = -3x + 1

Starting with the given equation y + 3x = 1, we can subtract 3x from both sides to get:

y = -3x + 1

Comparing this equation with the slope-intercept form, we see that m, the slope of the line, is -3, and c, the y-intercept, is 1.

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The solutions are

i)  x = 2

ii) Therefore, there is no integer x that satisfies the congruence.

iii) x = 2

What is the equivalent expression?

Equivalent expressions are expressions that perform the same function despite their appearance. If two algebraic expressions are equivalent, they have the same value when we use the same variable value.

i. To solve 7 × 3 = 3 (mod 11), we need to find an integer x such that 7 × 3 is congruent to 3 modulo 11.

First, we can simplify 7 × 3 by calculating 73 = 343 and then taking the remainder when 343 is divided by 11. We get:

7 × 3 = 343 = 31 × 11 + 2

So, we have:

7 × 3 = 2 (mod 11)

To solve for x, we can try multiplying both sides by the modular inverse of 7 modulo 11.

The modular inverse of 7 modulo 11 is 8, because 7 x 8 is congruent to 1 modulo 11. So, we have:

8 × 7 × 3 = 8 × 2 (mod 11)

Simplifying:

56 × 3 = 16 (mod 11)

5 × 3 = 16 (mod 11)

We can check the values of x = 2 and x = 7 to see which one satisfies the congruence:

5 × 23 = 30 = 2 (mod 11)

5 × 73 = 365 = 9 (mod 11)

So the solution is x = 2.

ii. To solve 3.14 = 5 (mod 11), we need to find an integer x such that 3.14 is congruent to 5 modulo 11.

Since 3.14 is not an integer, we cannot directly apply modular arithmetic to it.

Instead, we can use the fact that 3.14 is equal to 3 + 0.14, and try to solve the congruence for each part separately.

First, we can find an integer k such that 3 + 11k is congruent to 5 modulo 11. This means:

3 + 11k = 5 + 11m for some integer m

Simplifying:

11k - 11m = 2

Dividing by 11:

k - m = 2/11

Since k and m are integers, the only possible value of k - m is 0. Therefore, we have:

k - m = 0

k = m

Substituting k = m, we get:

3 + 11k = 5 + 11k

This is not possible, since 3 is not congruent to 5 modulo 11. Therefore, there is no integer x that satisfies the congruence.

iii. To solve x8 = 10 (mod 11), we need to find an integer x such that x8 is congruent to 10 modulo 11.

We can try raising each integer from 0 to 10 to the power of 8, and check which one is congruent to 10 modulo 11:

0⁸ = 0 (mod 11)

1⁸ = 1 (mod 11)

2⁸ = 256 = 10 (mod 11)

3⁸ = 6561 = 10 (mod 11)

4⁸ = 65536 = 1 (mod 11)

5⁸ = 390625 = 10 (mod 11)

6⁸ = 1679616 = 1 (mod 11)

7⁸ = 5764801 = 5 (mod 11)

8⁸ = 16777216 = 1 (mod 11)

9⁸ = 43046721 = 10 (mod 11)

10⁸ = 10000000000 = 1 (mod 11)

Therefore, the solutions are x = 2,

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Sure, I can help with that! To determine which property or properties each relation fails to satisfy, we first need to understand what each of those properties means.

A relation R on a set A is reflexive if for every element a in A, (a,a) is in R.
A relation R on a set A is anti-symmetric if for every distinct elements a and b in A, if (a,b) is in R then (b,a) is not in R.
A relation R on a set A is transitive if for every elements a, b, and c in A, if (a,b) is in R and (b,c) is in R then (a,c) is in R.

Now, let's look at each of the proposed relations and determine which properties they fail to satisfy:

1. R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,3), (1,3)}
This relation is not anti-symmetric because (1,2) is in R and (2,1) is also in R.

2. R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,1)}
This relation is not transitive because (1,2) is in R and (2,1) is also in R, but (1,1) is not in R.

3. R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (2,3), (1,3), (3,2)}
This relation is not anti-symmetric because (3,2) is in R and (2,3) is also in R.

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a) a 95% confidence interval for the mean lifetime of all LED TV is: (2.664, 2.936)

b)Rounding up, we need to add 28 more students to the sample.

c) The critical value for a one-tailed t-test with 95% confidence and n-1 degrees of freedom is t = 1.729.

Substituting the values, we get:

(a) To construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean lifetime of all LED TV, we can use the formula:

CI = X ± z*(s/√n)

where X is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation, n is the sample size, z is the critical value from the standard normal distribution corresponding to the desired confidence level.

Given:

Sample mean X = 2.8 years

Sample standard deviation s = 0.45 years

Sample size n is unknown

Confidence level = 95%

Since we do not know the sample size n, we can use the t-distribution instead of the standard normal distribution to find the critical value. With a 95% confidence level and n-1 degrees of freedom, the critical value is t = 2.093.

Substituting the values, we get:

CI = 2.8 ± 2.093*(0.45/√n)

To find the sample size n, we can solve for it by setting the margin of error to half of the width of the confidence interval, which is equal to 2.093*(0.45/√n):

0.5*(2.093*(0.45/√n)) = 0.025

Simplifying and solving for n, we get:

n ≈ 78

Therefore, a 95% confidence interval for the mean lifetime of all LED TV is:

CI = 2.8 ± 2.093*(0.45/√78) = (2.664, 2.936)

(b) To be 90% confident and have a maximum error of estimation of 0.2, we can use the formula:

n = (z*s/E)^2

where E is the maximum error of estimation and z is the critical value from the standard normal distribution corresponding to the desired confidence level.

Given:

Confidence level = 90%

Maximum error of estimation E = 0.2

Sample standard deviation s = 0.45 years

The critical value corresponding to a 90% confidence level is z = 1.645.

Substituting the values, we get:

n = (1.645*0.45/0.2)^2 ≈ 27.95

Rounding up, we need to add 28 more students to the sample.

(c) To test if the mean GPA is more than 2.5 at a 5% level of significance, we can use a one-tailed t-test with the null and alternative hypotheses:

H0: μ ≤ 2.5

Ha: μ > 2.5

where μ is the population mean GPA.

Given:

Sample mean X = 2.8 years

Sample standard deviation s = 0.45 years

Sample size n is unknown

Level of significance = 5%

We do not know the population standard deviation, so we will use a t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom. The test statistic is calculated as:

t = (X - μ) / (s/√n)

To reject the null hypothesis at a 5% level of significance, the t-value must be greater than the critical value from the t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom and a one-tailed probability of 0.05. Since the alternative hypothesis is one-tailed, we only need to look up the upper tail of the t-distribution.

The critical value for a one-tailed t-test with 95% confidence and n-1 degrees of freedom is t = 1.729.

Substituting the values, we get:

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The probability of number of 1-2 Children in car and 3 plus children in car is 0.203.

We have,

The possibility of the result of any random event is known as probability. This phrase refers to determining the likelihood that any given occurrence will occur.

The probability of P(1-2 children| car). P (3 plus children| car) is given by:

P = 63/88 × 25/88

P=0.203

The probability of P(Bus| 1-2 children). P (Bus | 3 plus children) is given by:

P = 38/101 × 49/74

P=0.249

The probability of P(Car |1-2 Children) is given by:

P= 63/101

P=0.624

The probability of P(3 plus children | Bus)is given by:

P=49/87

P=0.563

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complete question:

Drag the tiles to the boxes to form correct pairs. Not all tiles will be used.

The table shows the mode of transportation to school for families with a specific number of children.

Mode of Transportation

Car

Number of

Children

0.284

1-2

63

38

3+

25

49

Total

88

87

A family from the survey is selected at random. Match the probability to each event.

0.662

Bus

0.203

0.249

101

74

175

0.624

P (3+ Children Bus)

Total

P(1-2 Children Car) - P (3+ Children Car)

Reset

P (Car 1-2 Children)

0.563

P (Bus 1-2 Children) - P (Bus 3+ Children)

▸

Check the picture below.

In this scenario, there are two workers in a team, and each worker can either work hard or shirk. The probability of the overall project succeeding is dependent on the efforts of each worker. If both workers shirk, the probability of success is p0. If one worker shirks and the other works hard, the probability of success is p1. Finally, if both workers work hard, the probability of success is p2, where p2>p1>p0.

The cost of effort is c, and the principal cannot observe the individual efforts of each worker, but only the success or failure of the whole project. The challenge is to design an optimal contract that encourages both workers to exert effort all the time.

The optimal contract would offer a payment scheme to both workers that would incentivize them to work hard. If the workers work hard and the project succeeds, they receive a reward. If the workers shirk, they receive no reward.

The workers' efforts in this scenario are substitutes for each other. This is because if one worker shirks, the probability of success decreases, and the other worker would have to work harder to compensate for the first worker's lack of effort. Therefore, both workers must work hard to maximize the probability of success.

In conclusion, an optimal contract must be designed that encourages both workers to work hard and rewards them for the successful completion of the project. Additionally, the efforts of both workers in this scenario are substitutes for each other.

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Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Maximum :)

The dot product of u.v is  -87.

The dot product, also called scalar product, is a the sum of the products of corresponding components. measure of closely two vectors align, in terms of the directions they point.

If we have 2 vectors

A= ⟨a, b⟩

and B =  ⟨c, d⟩

The dot product is

A . B = ⟨a, b⟩ . ⟨c, d⟩ = ac + bd

Here, u = 4i − 7j and v = −6i + 9j

The dot product is:

u . v = ( 4 ,− 7 ). ( −6 , 9)

u . v= 4 . (-6) + (-7). (9)

u. v = -24 - 63

u. v = -87

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In the 2021–22 flu season, 51.4% of people aged 6 months had had a flu shot, which is 0.7 percentage points less than the 52.1% coverage seen in the preceding season (Table 1).

Here, we have,

The influenza vaccination rate is calculated as the proportion of adults 65 and older who receive an annual influenza shot to the entire population of people over 65. This metric represents the proportion of people aged 65 and over who have had their annual flu shot.

The flu vaccine should not be given to infants under the age of six months. Anyone who has serious, life-threatening allergies to every substance shouldn't receive the flu vaccination (other than egg proteins). Gelatin, antibiotics, and other substances might be present in this.

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complete question:

During a flu vaccine shortage in the united states, it was believed that 45 percent of vaccine-eligible people received flu vaccine. the results of a survey given to a random sample of 2,350 vaccine-eligible people indicated that 978 of the 2,350 people had received flu vaccine.

The 98% confidence interval for the population mean is (1473.06, 1806.94).

The parameters needed to calculate a confidence interval are:

Sample mean (x) = 1640

Population standard deviation (σ) = 325

Sample size (n) = 25

Confidence level = 98%

To find the confidence interval, we can use the formula:

CI = x ± z*(σ/√n)

where z* is the z-score associated with the desired confidence level.

Since the confidence level is 98%, we need to use the z-score associated with a tail probability of 0.01 (0.5% on each tail). From the table given, this is z0.005 = 2.576.

Substituting the values, we get:

CI = 1640 ± 2.576*(325/√25) = 1640 ± 166.94

Therefore, the 98% confidence interval for the population mean is (1473.06, 1806.94).

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To find the surface area of the given surface using cylindrical coordinates, first we need to find the parametrization of the surface. Since you have not provided the explicit form of the surface, I'll provide you with a general procedure.

Let's consider a surface S given by the equation G(r, θ, z) = 0, where r and θ are cylindrical coordinates.

1. Parametrize the surface:
To parametrize the surface, express it in terms of two parameters (say, r and θ). Then, a parametrization of the surface can be given as:

R(r, θ) = (r*cos(θ), r*sin(θ), z(r, θ))

2. Compute the partial derivatives:
Now, compute the partial derivatives of R with respect to r and θ:

R_r = (∂R/∂r) = (cos(θ), sin(θ), ∂z/∂r)
R_θ = (∂R/∂θ) = (-r*sin(θ), r*cos(θ), ∂z/∂θ)

3. Cross product and magnitude:
Calculate the cross product of these partial derivatives and find its magnitude:

N = R_r × R_θ = (a, b, c)
|M| = sqrt(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)

4. Set up the double integral:
Finally, set up the double integral to find the surface area of S:

Surface Area = ∬_D |M| dr dθ

Here, D is the domain of the parameters r and θ on the surface. To evaluate the integral, you will need to know the specific form of the surface and the limits of integration for r and θ.

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With a 3% annual inflation rate, the predicted cost of the fence after four years is $28,138.75.

The inflation rate is the percentage by which a currency devalues over time. The fact that the consumer price index (CPI) rises over this period demonstrates the devaluation. In other words, it is the pace at which the currency is devalued, leading overall consumer prices to rise compared to the change in currency value.

To calculate the projected cost of the fence after 4 years with an annual inflation rate of 3%, we can use the following formula:

[tex]Projected Cost = Current Cost * (1 + Inflation Rate)^{Number of Years[/tex]

Plugging in the given values, we get:

Projected Cost = $25,000 x (1 + 0.03)⁴

Projected Cost = $25,000 x 1.1255

Projected Cost = $28,138.75

Therefore, the projected cost of the fence after 4 years with an annual inflation rate of 3% is $28,138.75.

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Probit coefficients are typically estimated using:

A. the method of maximum likelihood.

The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the probit coefficients. This method aims to find the coefficients that maximize the likelihood of observing the given sample data. It involves an iterative process to identify the most likely parameter values for the model, making it suitable for nonlinear models like the probit model. Maximum likelihood estimation is a widely used method in econometric analysis due to its desirable properties, such as consistency and asymptotic efficiency.

In summary, probit coefficients are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood, which provides the most accurate and efficient estimates for this type of model.

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Answer:

(x-5)(3x+1)=0

x= 5, x= -1/3

Step-by-step explanation:

3x²-14x=5

3x²-14x-5=0

The factor that goes in are 1 and -15 which equal the sum and products.

Sum: -14

Product: -15

Therefore:

3x²+x-15x-5 = 0

Factor by grouping:

x(3x²+x)  -5(-15x-5)

x(3x+1) -5(3x+1)

(x-5)(3x+1) = 0

Use Zero Product Property to solve for X

x-5 = 0  3x+1 = 0

x= 5, x= -1/3

Yes, given the conditions provided, a, b, and c are conditionally independent given d. Conditional independence means that the probability distribution of any one of the variables is independent of the others when the conditioning variable is known.

In this case, you have the following conditional independence relationships:

1. a and b are conditionally independent given d.
2. a and c are conditionally independent given d.
3. b and c are conditionally independent given d.

To show that a, b, and c are conditionally independent given d, we need to demonstrate that the joint probability distribution of a, b, and c given d can be factored into the product of their individual conditional probability distributions.

P(a, b, c | d) = P(a | d) * P(b | d) * P(c | d)

From the given relationships, we can infer the following:

P(a, b | d) = P(a | d) * P(b | d)
P(a, c | d) = P(a | d) * P(c | d)
P(b, c | d) = P(b | d) * P(c | d)

Now, we can substitute the individual conditional probabilities from the given relationships into the expression for the joint probability distribution:

P(a, b, c | d) = P(a | d) * P(b | d) * P(c | d)

Since the joint probability distribution of a, b, and c given d can be factored into the product of their individual conditional probability distributions, a, b, and c are conditionally independent given d.

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Answer:

I think its 42

Step-by-step explanation:

Hope u get the right answer!

The coach has 56 options for selecting and ordering one starter and one reserve player for the position.

Probability is a field of mathematics that calculates the likelihood of an experiment occurring. We can know everything from the chance of getting heads or tails in a coin to the possibility of inaccuracy in study by using probability.

The soccer coach wants to choose one starter and one reserve player from a group of 8 players.

First, the coach can choose the starter from the 8 players in 8 ways.

After the starter has been chosen, there are 7 players left to choose from for the reserve position. Thus, the reserve player can be chosen in 7 ways.

Since the order in which the players are chosen matters, there are 8 x 7 = 56 ways to choose and order one starter and one reserve player from a group of 8 players.

Therefore, the coach has 56 possible ways to choose and order one starter and one reserve player for the position.

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The account will be worth $39,847.15 in 40 years.

Given,

P = 8500 is the amount deposited

r = 0.039 is the decimal form of the 3.9% interest rate

n= 2 is the number of times the money is compounded per year

t = 40 is the number of years

We know that the amount  calculated semi-annually is:

[tex]A = 8500 (1 + \frac{0.039}{2})^{2*40}[/tex]

[tex]A = 8500( 1 + 0.0195)^{80}[/tex]

[tex]A = 8500 * 4.6875[/tex]

A = $39,847.15

As a result, The account will be worth $39,847.15 in 40 years.

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The event that will have a sample space of S = {h, t} is (a) Flipping a fair, two-sided coin

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

Sample space of S = {h, t}

The sample size of the above is

Size = 2

Analyzing the options, we have

Hence, the event is (a)

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Each of the statements should be marked correctly as follows;

The sum of −9 and 18/2 ​ is equal to 0: True.

The sum of −14/2 ​ and 7 is greater than 0: False.

The sum of 6, −4, and −2 is equal to 0: True.

The sum of 7, −9, and 2 is less than 0: False.

In Mathematics and Geometry, an inequality simply refers to a mathematical relation that is typically used for comparing two (2) or more numerical data and variables in an algebraic equation based on any of the inequality symbols;

Next, we would evaluate each of the statements as follows;

-9 + 18/2 = -9 + 9 = 0

Therefore, the sum of −9 and 18/2 ​is truly equal to 0.

-14/2 + 7 = -7 + 7 = 0.

Therefore, the sum of −14/2 ​and 7 is not greater than 0.

6 - 4 - 2 = 0

Therefore, the sum of 6, −4, and −2 is truly equal to 0.

7 - 9 + 2 = 0

Therefore, the sum of 7, −9, and 2 is not less than 0.

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Answer: 40

Step-by-step explanation:

38+ 52=90

230-90=40

Answer: 43

Step-by-step explanation:

The correlation of ranks is approximately 0.2.

Option A is the correct answer.

We have,

To compute the correlation of ranks, we first need to rank the scores in each subject:
Physics: 10, 17, 23, 28, 35, 43, 47
Rank: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Mathematics: 4, 8, 12, 23, 30, 31, 33, 45, 49
Rank: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Then, we can calculate the differences between the ranks for each student:
Physics ranks: 1-5, 2-3, 3-7, 4-6, 5-1, 6-4, 7-2
Differences: -4, -1, -4, -2, 4, 2, 5
Mathematics ranks: 1-8, 2-6, 3-7, 4-4, 5-1, 6-5, 7-2, 8-3, 9-9
Differences: -7, -4, -4, 0, 4, -1, 5, 5, 0

Next, we can calculate the sum of the products of the differences:
= Sum of products

= (-4)(-7) + (-1)(-4) + (-4)(-4) + (-2)(0) + (4)(4) + (2)(-1) + (5)(5)
= 28 + 4 + 16 + 0 + 16 - 2 + 25
= 87

Finally, we can use the formula for the correlation of ranks:
r = 1 - (6Σd²)/(n(n² - 1))
where d is the difference in ranks and n is the number of scores

Plugging in the values, we get:
r = 1 - (6(87))/(9(81-1))
= 1 - (522)/(648)
= 1 - 0.8056
= 0.1944

= 0.2

Therefore,

The correlation of ranks is approximately 0.2.

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A basis for W is {[tex]x^2 - 1, x - 1[/tex]}, and the dimension of W is 2. Any polynomial in W can be written as a linear combination of the two polynomials [tex]x^2 - 1[/tex] and x - 1. Since these two polynomials are linearly independent, they form a basis for W.

a) To show that W is a subspace of P2, we need to show that it satisfies the three conditions of a subspace:

i) W contains the zero vector:

The zero polynomial p(x) = 0 satisfies p(1) = 0, so it is in W.

ii) W is closed under addition:

Let p(x) and q(x) be polynomials in W. Then:

[tex](p+q)(1) = p(1) + q(1) = 0 + 0 = 0,[/tex]

so p+q is also in W.

iii) W is closed under scalar multiplication:

Let p(x) be a polynomial in W, and let c be a scalar. Then:

[tex](cp)(1) = c(p(1)) = c(0) = 0,[/tex]

so cp is also in W.

Since W satisfies all three conditions, it is a subspace of P2.

b) We can conjecture that the dimension of W is 2, because P2 is a vector space of dimension 3, and the condition p(1) = 0 imposes a single linear constraint on the coefficients of a polynomial in P2.

c) To find a basis for W, we need to find a set of linearly independent polynomials that span W. Let p(x) = [tex]ax^2 + bx + c[/tex] be a polynomial in W. Then:

p(1) = a + b + c = 0.

Solving for c, we get:

c = -a - b.

So any polynomial in W can be written as:

P(x) = [tex]ax^2 + bx - a - b = a(x^2 - 1) + b(x - 1).[/tex]

Thus, the set [tex]{x^2 - 1, x - 1[/tex]} spans W. To check linear independence, we set up the equation:

[tex]a(x^2 - 1) + b(x - 1)[/tex]= 0.

This gives us two equations:

a = 0 and b = 0.

Thus, the set[tex]{x^2 - 1, x - 1}[/tex] is linearly independent, and hence it is a basis for W.

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The number of distinct solutions of the given congruences and find the solutions.

a) 7x = 9 (mod 14) has no solution

b) 8x = 9 mod (mod 11) [tex]x\equiv 8 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}11)[/tex]

c) 16x = 20 (mod 36) [tex]8, 17, 26, 35 \hspace{0.2cm}mod(36)[/tex]

(a) 7x = 9mod(14) 20

Here, gcd(7,14) =7 , and we know that 7 does not divide 9.

Thus, from Theorem 1, we can say that it has no solution.

(b)8x =  9 mod(11)

Here, gcd(8,11) = 1, so using theorem 2, we can say that it has a unique solution.

For that we need to find [tex]\phi (11)[/tex],  Since 11 is an prime number, therefore the gcd of 11 with any positive integer smaller than 11 will be 1. So,

[tex]\phi (11)[/tex] = 10  = |{1,2,3,..., 10}| ,

So, the solution for the congruence is given by using theorem 2:

[tex]x\equiv a^{\phi (m)-1}b \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}m)[/tex]

x = 810-19 (mod 11) (

x = 88*9*8 (mod 11)

[tex]x\equiv 64^{4}*72 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}11)x\equiv 9^{4}*6 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}11)x\equiv 81^{2}*6 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}11)[/tex]

x = 16 * 6 (mod 11)

2 = 5*6 (mod 11

[tex]x\equiv 8 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}11)[/tex]

which is the final solution.

(c) [tex]16x\equiv 20 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}36)[/tex]

Here, d=gcd(16,36) =4 and 4 divides 20, so it has 4 unique solutions.

So, we will use theorem 3.

Divide by 4 whole congruence:

[tex]16x/4\equiv 20/4 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}36/4)[/tex]

[tex]4x\equiv 5 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}9)[/tex]

[tex]So, \phi (9)=\left | \left \{ 1,2,4,5,7,8 \right \} \right |=6[/tex]

[tex]So, x\equiv 4^{\phi (9)-1}*5 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}9)[/tex]

[tex]x\equiv 4^{5}*5 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}9)[/tex]

[tex]x\equiv 4^{4}*20 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}9)[/tex]

[tex]x\equiv 16^{2}*20 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}9)[/tex]

x = 72 * 2 (mod 9)

[tex]x\equiv 8 \hspace{0.1cm}(mod \hspace{0.1cm}9)[/tex]

Thus, the 5 unique solutions using theorem3 are given as follows:

[tex]t,t+\frac{m}{d}, t+\frac{2m}{d},. . ., t+\frac{(d-1)m}{d} \hspace{0.2cm} mod(m)[/tex]

[tex]8, 17, 26, 35 \hspace{0.2cm}mod(36)[/tex].

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The emergency department of the hospital can be considered as a rare event occurring independently and with a constant rate (on average 7 per hour), which makes the Poisson distribution an appropriate choice.

The most appropriate distribution to use for calculating probabilities, expected value, and variance of the number of patients that arrive between 6 PM and 7 PM for a given day would be the Poisson distribution. The Poisson distribution is commonly used to model the number of occurrences of a rare event in a fixed period of time, where the events occur independently and with a constant rate. In this case, the number of patients arriving in the emergency department of the hospital can be considered as a rare event occurring independently and with a constant rate (on average 7 per hour), which makes the Poisson distribution an appropriate choice.

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The probabilities of drawing the faces are p1 = 1/32, p2 = 1/16, p3 = 3/32, p4 = 1/4, p5 = 5/32, and p6 = 3/32.

To determine the probabilities p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6 in the absence of any other information on the die, we can use Shannon's statistical entropy.

The Shannon entropy formula is given by H = -∑(pi log2 pi), where pi is the probability of the ith outcome. We want to maximize the entropy subject to the constraint that the average value is 4.

Let's assume that the probabilities are not all equal to 1/6, and instead denote the probabilities as p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6. We know that the average value is 4, so we can write:

4 = (1)p1 + (2)p2 + (3)p3 + (4)p4 + (5)p5 + (6)p6

We also know that the probabilities must sum to 1, so we can write:

1 = p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6

To maximize the entropy, we need to solve for p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6 in the equation H = -∑(pi log2 pi) subject to the above constraints. This can be done using Lagrange multipliers:

H' = -log2(p1) - log2(p2) - log2(p3) - log2(p4) - log2(p5) - log2(p6) + λ[4 - (1)p1 - (2)p2 - (3)p3 - (4)p4 - (5)p5 - (6)p6] + μ[1 - p1 - p2 - p3 - p4 - p5 - p6]

Taking the partial derivative with respect to each pi and setting them equal to 0, we get:

-1/log2(e) - λ = 0
-2/log2(e) - 2λ = 0
-3/log2(e) - 3λ = 0
-4/log2(e) - 4λ = 0
-5/log2(e) - 5λ = 0
-6/log2(e) - 6λ = 0

where λ and μ are Lagrange multipliers. Solving for λ, we get:

λ = -1/(log2(e))

Substituting this value of λ into the above equations, we get:

p1 = 1/32
p2 = 1/16
p3 = 3/32
p4 = 1/4
p5 = 5/32
p6 = 3/32

Therefore, the probabilities of drawing the faces are p1 = 1/32, p2 = 1/16, p3 = 3/32, p4 = 1/4, p5 = 5/32, and p6 = 3/32.

The complete question should be:

Consider a die with 6 faces with values 1.2.3.4.5.6. In principle, the probabilities to draw the faces are all equal so that after several draws on average the value is £ (1+2+3-4-5-6) = 3.5. Suppose now that the average value is found to be 4. In the absence of any other information on the dic, suggest a way to determine the probabilities pr.12.13.P4, P5:p? (hint: use Shannon statistical entropy)

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