Mary acquired a little boat for $14,113 on July 1, 2019. It was for her personal use. Mary borrowed $12,000 of the money from XYZ Bank. The loan was a fixed interest loan on which Mary paid interest of $2,000. Mary sold the boat in September 2019 for $17,980.
To calculate the Mary's Net Capital Gain or Loss for the 2020 tax year, we have to first calculate the Capital Gain and Capital Loss from the given data:Capital Gain = Sale Price - Acquisition CostCapital Gain = $17,980 - $14,113Capital Gain = $3,867Capital Loss = Acquisition Cost - Sale PriceCapital Loss = $14,113 - $17,980Capital Loss = $-3,867As we know, Capital loss can be set off against Capital gains and if the loss amount is more than the gain amount, then the loss can be carried forward to next year.
As we can see, Mary has incurred a Capital Gain of $3,867, and she cannot set off her Capital loss because she doesn't have any. Mary will have to pay tax on the $3,867 that she has gained. Mary's Net Capital Gain will be calculated as follows:Net Capital Gain = Capital Gain - Capital LossNet Capital Gain = $3,867 - 0Net Capital Gain = $3,867Therefore, Mary's Net Capital Gain for the 2020 tax year is $3,867.
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How aggregate supply of funds influence the equilibrium level of interest rates? Explain. Use graph to show what happens to the supply of funds if interest rate increases.
When the economy is weak, local interest rate tends to be very low. However, if the weak economy is due to an unusually high rate of inflation, the interest rate tends to be very high. Explain why.
The aggregate supply of funds denotes the complete sum of money accessible in the economy for the purposes of lending and investing.
What is aggregate supplyThe pooled amount comprises of an accumulation of savings from households, businesses, and governments. Furthermore, the funds may also originate from outside sources, like foreign investors or external borrowings.
The financial market's equilibrium interest rates level is established by the way in which the demand and supply of funds interact. If the supply of money grows but the demand for it stays constant, the equilibrium interest rate typically drops.
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Here are the abbreviated financial statements for Planner’s Peanuts:
INCOME STATEMENT, 2019
Sales $ 10,500
Cost 8,300
Net income $ 2,200
BALANCE SHEET, YEAR-END
2018 2019 2018 2019
Assets $ 9,500 $ 10,000 Debt $ 853 $ 1,000
Equity 8,647 9,000
Total $ 9,500 $ 10,000 Total $ 9,500 $ 10,000
Assets are proportional to sales. If the dividend payout ratio is fixed at 50%, calculate the required total external financing for growth rates in 2020 of (a) 25%, (b) 30%, and (c) 35%. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
To calculate the required total external financing for different growth rates in 2020, we need to determine the increase in assets resulting from the sales growth and subtract any increase in retained earnings from net income due to the fixed dividend payout ratio.
(a) For a growth rate of 25%:
Increase in Assets = Sales * Growth Rate = $10,500 * 25% = $2,625
Increase in Retained Earnings = Net Income * (1 - Dividend Payout Ratio) = $2,200 * (1 - 50%) = $1,100
Required Total External Financing = Increase in Assets - Increase in Retained Earnings = $2,625 - $1,100 = $1,525
(b) For a growth rate of 30%:
Increase in Assets = Sales * Growth Rate = $10,500 * 30% = $3,150
Increase in Retained Earnings = Net Income * (1 - Dividend Payout Ratio) = $2,200 * (1 - 50%) = $1,100
Required Total External Financing = Increase in Assets - Increase in Retained Earnings = $3,150 - $1,100 = $2,050
(c) For a growth rate of 35%:
Increase in Assets = Sales * Growth Rate = $10,500 * 35% = $3,675
Increase in Retained Earnings = Net Income * (1 - Dividend Payout Ratio) = $2,200 * (1 - 50%) = $1,100
Required Total External Financing = Increase in Assets - Increase in Retained Earnings = $3,675 - $1,100 = $2,575
Therefore, the required total external financing for growth rates in 2020 would be:
(a) $1,525
(b) $2,050
(c) $2,575
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Read the following article and answer the questions that follow:
Return on Human Capital: Why Leadership Plays a Big Role Business leadership often exclaim, "Our people are our most important assets." Assets do turn into capital, and human capital holds the potential to bring a great return on investment in terms of innovation, efficiency, and productivity. But return on human capital is not always easily achieved. One of the many factors that can make or break that return on the investment in human capital is the role that leadership plays. A recent Harvard Business Review blog identified two types of leaders – results focused and those with strong social skills – and discussed how leadership styles impact return on human capital. Results focus Leaders considered results focused typically have strong analytic and project management skills. They use these skills to solve the problems that get in the way of moving the company and its assets forward. However, studies show that a results-focused leader’s intense passion and motivation does not, in fact, bring out the best in employees. Social skills Leaders considered strong in social skills promote communication and empathy. Despite these softer skills, they, too, do not strike most employees as great leaders. The ultimate combo A 2009 study by James Zenger revealed that the most effective leaders are those who combine their results focus and social skills in a way that fosters a positive work environment and gets results. These leaders share four common characteristics. They are:
• ANALYTIC: Data from the past helps leaders maximize tasks in the present and forecast a successful future. Your expertise conveys trust and confidence.
• PASSIONATE: Inspiration begins in passion and enthusiasm. Without it, you are a bureaucrat.
• COMMUNICATIVE: Leaders talk, train, and mentor. You succeed with employees to the extent that you understand their work, their motives, and their frustrations – inside and outside the workplace.
• EMPATHETIC: True listening is focused hearing, valuing what you hear, and making behavioral and organizational changes based on employee feedback.
The path to leadership saves human capital. There is no evidence that business leadership is a genetic skill. Some leaders may naturally develop their talent over time, while others may be nourished through education, training, and experience. Successes and failures are great teachers, too. Either way, there are a number of reasons that leaders should work to balance their results focus and their social skills. Strengths in social and emotional intelligence directly impact the effectiveness of human assets. Socially and emotionally grounded leaders are better at diagnosing and solving social and team problems. Strengths in analysis and organization can be leveraged, through leadership by example, to teach employees how to set and achieve goals. Candidates for leadership roles should be tested and assessed for their ability to manage and develop human assets with clear accountability for achieving a significant return on human capital. There is more to this than good project management. People are integral to reaching corporate goals, but leaders only begin to inspire once they understand their specific role is to align corporate goals with individual goals. (Source: http://tolmanandwiker.com/return-human-capital-leadership-plays-big-role/)
Questions:
1.1. "A recent Harvard Business Review blog identified two types of leaders – results focused and those with strong social skills." These two types of leaders may be compared to a particular leadership theory. Assess this specific theory in relation to the article above. (15)
1.2. "Strengths in social and emotional intelligence directly impact the effectiveness of human assets." With relevant justification/evidence, evaluate the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence. (15)
1.3. Propose the leadership style that is best aligned to the four ideal characteristics presented in the article above.
The article speaks about the importance of leadership roles in achieving a return on human capital. It details two types of leaders, one that is results-focused and another with strong social skills.
Discusses how these leadership styles can impact returns on human capital. Analyzing the article, it becomes apparent that leaders need to balance their results focus with their social skills to maximize return on human capital. The study mentioned in the article suggests that leaders who are both analytically driven and empathetic, communicative, and passionate can foster a positive work environment, thereby improving innovation, efficiency, and productivity. It emphasizes the direct impact of social and emotional intelligence on the effectiveness of human assets, highlighting the role of leadership in aligning corporate and individual goals.
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An increase in domestic income leads to (1) A decrease in the real exchange rate leads to (2) There is (3) There is (4) (1) no change an increase a decrease in imports. in imports. correlation between foreign income and exports. between the real exchange rate and exports. (2) (3) a negative a decrease no change no O an increase a positive (4) a positive correlation no correlation O a negative correlation
An increase in domestic income leads to (2) a decrease in the real exchange rate. There is (3) a correlation between foreign income and exports. There is (4) a positive correlation between the real exchange rate and exports. An increase in domestic income leads to (1) an increase in imports.
An increase in domestic income, ceteris paribus, will lead to an increase in the demand for goods and services both domestically and internationally. This increase in demand will also lead to a higher price level, as businesses adjust to meet the growing demand for their goods and services. The increase in price level will lead to a decrease in the real exchange rate. A lower real exchange rate makes exports more attractive to international consumers, leading to an increase in exports. Therefore, there is a positive correlation between the real exchange rate and exports. However, an increase in domestic income will also lead to an increase in imports, as domestic consumers will demand more goods and services that are not produced domestically. There is, therefore, a negative correlation between domestic income and imports. Finally, there is a correlation between foreign income and exports. As foreign income increases, foreign consumers will have a higher demand for exports, which will increase exports in the domestic economy.
An increase in domestic income has a complex relationship with the real exchange rate, imports, and exports. While an increase in domestic income will lead to a decrease in the real exchange rate and an increase in exports, it will also lead to an increase in imports. Additionally, foreign income has a positive correlation with exports.
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ABC company's operating income (EBIT) from selling 164522 units is $69097. assume that ABC company has annual interest expense of $26229. If ABC's EBIT increase by 15%, by how much will its earnings per share increase? (2 marks)
To calculate the increase in earnings per share (EPS) when the EBIT of ABC Company increases by 15%, we need to consider the current EPS and the percentage increase in EBIT.
The formula to calculate the EPS is:
EPS = Net Income / Number of Shares
Given that we have the EBIT and interest expense, we can find the net income using the following formula:
Net Income = EBIT - Interest Expense
To calculate the current EPS, we need the number of shares, which is not provided in the question. Without the number of shares, we cannot calculate the current EPS or the increase in EPS.
Please provide the number of shares for ABC Company so that we can calculate the increase in EPS.
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ABC Inc., is currently an all-equity company. Its shares price is $50. Number of share outstanding are 15,000. The firm has decided to change her capital structure by issuing $250,000 of debt and use the proceeds to repurchase shares. The borrowing rate would be 8 percent. The earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of the firm is $20,000. Anson owns 500 shares of ABC and wants to use homemade leverage to offset the leverage used by ABC. Anson should (show calculation procedure): A. buy an additional 167 shares. B. sell 167 shares and invest the proceeds into the debts of ABC Inc. C. sell 250 shares and invest the proceeds into the debts of ABC Inc.
A 16-year, 4.5 percent coupon bond pays interest annually. The bond has a face value of $1,000. What is the percentage change in the price of this bond if the market yield to maturity rises to 5.7 percent from the current rate of 5.5 percent? A. 1.97 percent increase B. 1.97 percent decrease C. 2.14 percent increase D. 2.14 percent decrease E. 0.21 percent increase
The percentage change in the price of the bond is a 2.14% decrease. when A 16-year, 4.5 percent coupon bond pays interest annually.The correct answer is D.
To calculate the percentage change in the price of the bond, we can use the formula: Percentage change = (New Price - Old Price) / Old Price * 100
First, we need to calculate the old price of the bond using the current yield to maturity. Coupon payment = Face value * Coupon rate = $1,000 * 4.5% = $45 Yield to maturity = 5.5%
The bond has 16 years remaining until maturity, and the coupon payments occur annually. So we can calculate the old price as follows:Old Price = Present value of future cash flows (coupon payments and face value)
[tex]Old Price = (Coupon payment / (1 + Yield to maturity)^1) + (Coupon payment / (1 + Yield to maturity)^2) + ... + (Coupon payment / (1 + Yield to maturity)^16) + (Face value / (1 + Yield to maturity)^16)[/tex]
Old Price = ($45 / [tex](1 + 0.055)^1) + ($45 / (1 + 0.055)^2) + ... + ($45 / (1 + 0.055)^16) + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.055)^16)[/tex]
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the old price comes out to be approximately $1,185.46. Now, let's calculate the new price of the bond using the new yield to maturity of 5.7%:
New Price = [tex]($45 / (1 + 0.057)^1) + ($45 / (1 + 0.057)^2) + ... + ($45 / (1 + 0.057)^16) + ($1,000 / (1 + 0.057)^16)[/tex]
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the new price comes out to be approximately $1,162.43.
Now we can calculate the percentage change:Percentage change = (New Price - Old Price) / Old Price * 100 Percentage change = ($1,162.43 - $1,185.46) / $1,185.46 * 100 Percentage change = -2.14%
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
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South africa is experiencing a drought. By using the AD/AS diagram, illustrate graphically only how this drought may influence the prices and output in the South African economy over the short, medium and long term.
The drought in South Africa can have short-term, medium-term, and long-term effects on prices and output in the economy. In the AD/AS diagram, the short-term impact of the drought can be seen as a leftward shift of the aggregate supply (AS) curve.
This is due to the reduced agricultural output and higher input costs, causing a decrease in the economy's potential output. As a result, both prices and output are likely to be negatively affected in the short term.
In the medium term, the persistent drought can lead to a further decrease in agricultural production, affecting the availability of food and other related products. This can result in higher prices for agricultural goods, contributing to an upward shift in the AS curve. As output decreases, prices are likely to increase, leading to inflationary pressures in the economy.
In the long term, the effects of the drought may prompt structural changes in the economy. For instance, the agricultural sector may undergo transformation and adaptation, such as the adoption of more resilient farming practices or the exploration of alternative water sources. These adjustments can improve agricultural productivity over time, leading to an eventual recovery in output levels. However, the long-term impact on prices will depend on the effectiveness of these adaptations and the ability to mitigate the effects of future droughts.
Overall, the drought in South Africa can lead to short-term decreases in both prices and output, medium-term inflationary pressures, and long-term adjustments and potential recovery in agricultural output and prices. The specific magnitude and duration of these effects will depend on various factors, including the severity and duration of the drought, the effectiveness of mitigation measures, and the overall resilience of the economy.
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A key advantage of having a core work force is that it provides ________.
greater predictability
increased ability to rapidly modify organizational plans
greater organizational profitability
lower costs
A key advantage of having a core workforce is that it provides greater predictability.
Having a core workforce refers to having a group of regular employees who are employed by an organization on a permanent or long-term basis. This core workforce forms the stable foundation of the organization and plays a crucial role in its operations. One of the significant advantages of having a core workforce is the greater predictability it offers. This means that the organization can rely on the skills, knowledge, and experience of its core employees, resulting in a more consistent and predictable performance. With a core workforce, the organization can better anticipate and plan for its staffing needs, leading to improved productivity and efficiency. Moreover, the familiarity and continuity provided by a core workforce allow for smoother coordination and collaboration within the organization, contributing to overall stability and effectiveness.
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Edwards City levies property taxes in the amount of $1,500,000. The City provides taxpayers who pay early a 2% discount. Based on historical information, City management believes actual discounts will be $10,000. Assume that taxpayers with gross bills of $1,000,000 take advantage of the discount, what will be the income statement effect associated with just the journal entry that records the early payments?
Question 29 options:
Decrease $10,000
Increase $1,000,000
Decrease $20,000
No effect
Increase $980,000
The income statement effect associated with the journal entry that records the early payments will be an increase of $980,000.
When taxpayers take advantage of the 2% discount for early payment, they effectively pay only 98% of their gross bills. In this case, taxpayers with gross bills of $1,000,000 will pay $980,000 (98% of $1,000,000) after applying the discount. Since the property taxes levied by the City amount to $1,500,000, and the actual discounts are expected to be $10,000, the remaining amount of taxes collected without the discount would be $1,490,000 ($1,500,000 - $10,000).
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plans of action yon improve the performance of student in HR
studies as he or she is a bachelor degree
Implementing these plans of action can support the student in improving their performance in HR studies, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter, and preparing them for a successful career in the field.
To improve the performance of a student in HR studies pursuing a bachelor's degree, the following plans of action can be considered:
Identify Strengths and Weaknesses: Conduct an assessment to identify the student's strengths and weaknesses in HR studies. This can be done through performance evaluations, feedback from instructors, or self-assessment. Understanding their areas of strength and areas that need improvement will help tailor the action plan accordingly.
Develop a Study Schedule: Work with the student to create a structured study schedule that allocates dedicated time for HR-related coursework and assignments. A well-planned schedule will help ensure regular and consistent study habits, allowing for better retention and understanding of the subject matter.
Provide Additional Learning Resources: Recommend relevant books, articles, online courses, or educational platforms that can supplement the student's understanding of HR concepts. Encourage them to explore these resources to deepen their knowledge and gain different perspectives.
Encourage Active Participation: Encourage the student to actively engage in classroom discussions, ask questions, and seek clarification when needed. Actively participating in class activities and discussions enhances learning and encourages critical thinking.
Seek Mentorship or Guidance: Connect the student with mentors or professionals working in the HR field who can provide guidance, advice, and real-world insights. Mentorship can help the student gain practical perspectives and industry-specific knowledge.
Provide Practical Opportunities: Facilitate internships, part-time jobs, or volunteer opportunities in HR-related roles or organizations. Practical experience allows the student to apply theoretical concepts in real-world settings, develop skills, and gain exposure to industry practices.
Promote Peer Learning: Encourage the student to collaborate and study with peers who are also studying HR or have a strong grasp of the subject. Peer learning can foster knowledge exchange, discussions, and mutual support among students.
Offer Academic Support: Provide access to academic support services, such as tutoring, study groups, or writing centers, to assist the student with specific challenges they may face in their coursework.
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What is the total stockholders equity based on the following account balances? 52716000. $2562000. $2004000
The total stockholders' equity based on the given account balances is $45,660,000.
To calculate the total stockholders' equity based on the given account balances, you need to add the amounts of common stock and retained earnings.
Total stockholders' equity = Common stock + Retained earnings
Given the account balances:
Common stock = $25,620,000
Retained earnings = $20,040,000
Total stockholders' equity = $25,620,000 + $20,040,000 = $45,660,000
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What is the total stockholders equity based on the following account balances Common stock = $25,620,000 Retained earnings = $20,040,000?
$52716000.
$2562000.
$2004000
Examples of income which are constructively received include all of the following except
1. a check received after banking hours.
2. interest credited to a savings account.
3. dividends available on December 31; unclaimed dividends will be mailed out.
4. a paycheck received from employer, when employer does not have funds in the bank to cover the check.
Option 4: A paycheck received from an employer when the employer does not have funds in the bank to cover the check is not an example of income constructively received.
Examples of income which are constructively received include all of the following except a paycheck received from an employer when the employer does not have funds in the bank to cover the check. This is the option 4.There are certain types of income which are constructively received, meaning that the taxpayer has received them even if he/she has not received the funds in cash. They are as follows:An individual receives a check before the end of the year that has not yet been cashed.Income has been transferred to an account that the individual is in control of.It has been deposited to an account that is not subject to any significant restrictions.It is received by the taxpayer's representative, such as a lawyer or an agent.Interest or dividends have been paid that have been credited to an account.
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a company has stock which costs 42.00 per share and pays a dividend of 2.50 per share this year. the company's cost of equity is 8%. what is expected annual growth rate of the company's dividends?
A company that has stock which costs 42.00 per share and pays a dividend of 2.50 per share this year, the company's cost of equity is 8%.The expected annual growth rate of the company's dividends is 2.05%.
Calculate the growth rate as follows:
Required rate = Dividend yield + Growth
Dividend Price = + Growth
$2.50 8%= -+ Growth $42
8% 5.95%+ Growth
Growth = 8% -5.95%
=0.0205 or 2.05%
Therefore, the growth rate is 2.05%.
A stock is a colloquial phrase for any company's ownership certificates. On the other hand, a share alludes to a certain company's stock certificate. You become a shareholder if you possess shares of a specific corporation.
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Friends Partnership has three partners. The balance of each partner' capital is: Alia $48,000 ; Mariam $50,000 and Fatima $52,000. Alia withdraws from the Partnership. The remaining partners, Mariam and Fatima, agreed to pay cash $56,000 for alia from partnership. The partners share income and loss equally.
-----
required ;
how much is the capital balance for the remaining partners mariam and fatima after withdrawals of alia?
mariam capital?
Fatima capital?
The distribution to Alia may be taxable to her, depending on the partnership's tax year and the nature of the distribution.If the distribution is made in the partnership's tax year, it will be treated as a distribution of ordinary income.
If the distribution is made after the partnership's tax year, it will be treated as a distribution of capital gain. Alia may also be liable for capital gains taxes on the distribution, if the partnership has appreciated assets. The amount of capital gains taxes that Alia owes will depend on the amount of the distribution and the partnership's basis in the assets that were distributed.
Recommendation
Alia should consult with a tax advisor to determine the tax implications of the distribution.
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explain how fractional reserve banking inherently involves the risk of bank runs
Fractional reserve banking inherently involves the risk of bank runs due to the practice of banks keeping only a fraction of deposits as reserves.
Fractional reserve banking is a banking system where banks are required to hold only a fraction of the deposits they receive as reserves, while the rest can be loaned out or invested. This allows banks to create money through the process of lending and earning interest on the loans. However, it also creates a vulnerability within the banking system.
The risk of bank runs arises because if a large number of depositors simultaneously demand their funds, the bank may not have enough reserves to fulfill all the withdrawal requests. When depositors lose confidence in a bank's ability to honor its obligations, they may rush to withdraw their funds out of fear of losing their money.
Bank runs can quickly lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the panic-induced withdrawals deplete the bank's reserves even further, making it unable to meet all withdrawal demands. This can result in the collapse of the bank, causing financial instability and potential contagion to other banks.
To mitigate the risk of bank runs, regulatory measures such as deposit insurance and lender of last resort facilities are in place to provide stability and confidence in the banking system. However, the inherent risk of bank runs remains a characteristic of fractional reserve banking.
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Question Completion Status: O $19.47 Od-358.40 QUESTION 2 Magnificent Corporation's bageted sales me 51.000.000, bredbe p580000, dan $200.000 Tue company's been in dollisesi 051.000.000 O 05100.000 O 900.000 O 4.500.000 QUESTIONS A budget prepared for particulation of activity Bilud Cubot Chick
Magnificent Corporation's budgeted sales are $51,000,000, with expected revenues of $580,000 and $200,000. The company's previous year's performance is not disclosed.
Magnificent Corporation's budgeted sales are $51,000,000, with expected revenues of $580,000 and $200,000. However, it is unclear what the budget is for, or what period of time it applies to. The budget could be for a quarter, a year, or some other period.
The Magnificent Corporation's previous year's performance is not disclosed, which could make it challenging to assess the budget's validity. It is crucial to know how much revenue the company made in the previous year to determine whether the budget is realistic.
In conclusion, Magnificent Corporation's budgeted sales are $51,000,000, but further information is needed to understand the budget's validity fully. The budget period is not clear, and there is no information on the previous year's performance.
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National Insurance Company has 200,000 shares authorized, 163,000 shares issued, and 35,000 shares of treasury stock. The number of shares outstanding is: Muliple Choice 163.000 200.000 128,000 37,000 165,000
The National Insurance Company has 200,000 shares authorized, 163,000 shares issued, and 35,000 shares of treasury stock. The number of shares outstanding is 128,000.
What are Authorized Shares? The total number of shares that a corporation is legally allowed to issue is referred to as authorized shares. Companies issue shares of stock to raise money, which may be utilized to expand the business or pay off debts.
Issued shares, on the other hand, are shares that have been sold and are held by investors, whilst treasury shares are shares that a company has purchased back from investors but not cancelled. A company's outstanding shares are those that are presently in circulation and held by investors. Outstanding shares are calculated by subtracting treasury shares from issued shares. The outstanding shares represent the company's current market capitalization and the number of shares that will be used to determine dividend payments and earnings per share. The number of outstanding shares is the answer to the question of this exercise. The company has 163,000 shares issued, less 35,000 shares of treasury stock equals to 128,000 shares outstanding. The answer is 128,000 shares.
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How can bank practices make inflation worse?
When the economy is growing, it is a good time for banks to
increase lending.
When inflation is rising, banks will increase interest rates, so
Bank practices can potentially contribute to making inflation worse in the following ways:
Excessive lending: During periods of economic growth, banks may increase their lending activities to take advantage of the expanding economy. However, if banks extend loans beyond the capacity of borrowers to repay them, it can lead to an increase in the money supply.
Easy credit conditions: Banks may relax their lending standards and offer easy credit conditions, such as lower down payments or relaxed eligibility criteria. This can encourage excessive borrowing, leading to increased spending and aggregate demand. If this borrowing is not supported by productive investments and leads to a surge in consumption, it can drive up prices and contribute to inflation.
Monetary policy decisions: Central banks have the authority to influence interest rates and money supply through their monetary policy decisions. If a central bank adopts an accommodative monetary policy by reducing interest rates or engaging in quantitative easing, it can increase the money supply in the economy.
Currency devaluation: Banks, particularly central banks, have the ability to influence the value of a country's currency. If a central bank intentionally devalues the currency to stimulate exports or reduce the burden of debt, it can lead to higher import prices, contributing to inflation.
It is important to note that banks alone cannot solely determine or control inflation. Inflation is a complex macroeconomic phenomenon influenced by various factors such as government policies, global economic conditions, and supply-demand dynamics.
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assume that corruption does not affect the citizen and that punishing either the politician or the entrepreneur would deter each one of them from corruption but is costly to the citizen. Finish your answer by precisely describing all the equilibria. Use both graphical illustration and verbal explanation of your answer.
Both the politician and the entrepreneur would be deterred from corruption if punished, but it is costly for the citizen.
There can be multiple equilibria in this scenario.
Explanation 1: In this scenario, we assume that corruption does not directly affect the citizen, and punishing either the politician or the entrepreneur would deter them from engaging in corrupt activities. However, the cost of punishment is borne by the citizen.
Graphical illustration:The graphical representation of this scenario would typically involve a payoff matrix, where the rows represent the actions of the politician (Punish or Do not punish), and the columns represent the actions of the entrepreneur (Punish or Do not punish). The payoffs would indicate the outcomes for each combination of actions.
Verbal explanation:
In this case, there can be multiple equilibria, depending on the strategies chosen by the politician and the entrepreneur. Equilibrium refers to a situation where no player has an incentive to unilaterally deviate from their chosen strategy. Let's consider two possible equilibria:
1. Politician and entrepreneur both choose to punish: - In this equilibrium, both parties are deterred from corruption, leading to a relatively low level of corruption overall.
- The citizen bears the cost of punishment, but benefits from reduced corruption.
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Q1
One tradeoff society face is between efficiency and equality. Define each term. If the government redistributes income from the rich to the poor, explain how this action affects efficiency in the economy.
Q2
You are selling your 2007 Toyota car. You have already spent $1000 on repairs. At the last minute, the transmission dies. You can pay $700 to have it repaired or sell the car "as is." In the following scenario, should you have the transmission repaired or not? Explain.
Blue book value (what you could get for the car) is $5500 if transmission works, $4500 if it doesn’t. Answer based on your understanding of incentives.
Q3
Because rational people make decisions by weighing costs and benefits, their decisions may change in response to incentives. Suppose the price of a good rises. How consumers and producers react to this action based on your understanding of incentives? Explain
Q1: The tradeoff between efficiency and equality refers to the dilemma society faces when trying to achieve maximum economic output (efficiency) while ensuring a fair distribution of resources (equality). Efficiency refers to the optimal allocation of resources to maximize productivity and output. Equality, on the other hand, focuses on distributing resources in a way that minimizes income and wealth disparities among individuals.
When the government redistributes income from the rich to the poor, it can affect efficiency in the economy. While redistribution promotes greater equality by reducing income inequality, it can also create disincentives for productive activities. High-income individuals may have less motivation to work, invest, or undertake entrepreneurial endeavors if they anticipate a significant portion of their earnings being redistributed. This can result in reduced overall economic output and efficiency.
Q2: In this scenario, the decision of whether to repair the transmission or sell the car "as is" depends on the incentives at play. If the repair cost of $700 is lower than the decrease in the car's value without a working transmission ($5500 - $4500 = $1000), it would be financially advantageous to have the transmission repaired. By spending $700 on repairs, you would maintain the higher blue book value of $5500, resulting in a net gain of $800 ($5500 - $700 - $1000).
However, if the repair cost exceeds the decrease in the car's value, it would be more rational to sell the car without repairing the transmission. In this case, you would minimize your expenses and avoid incurring a loss on the repairs that outweighs the potential gain from the higher blue book value. Consider the financial incentives involved and weigh the costs and benefits to make an informed decision about repairing the transmission.
Q3: When the price of a good rises, consumers and producers are influenced by the incentives created by this change. Consumers tend to respond to higher prices by reducing their demand for the good. They may opt for substitutes or forego purchasing the good altogether. This response is driven by the desire to minimize costs and maximize utility.
On the other hand, producers are incentivized to increase their supply of the good as the price rises. Higher prices create the potential for increased profits, motivating producers to allocate more resources and increase production to meet the demand at the elevated price.
The interaction of these consumer and producer responses creates a market mechanism that helps restore equilibrium. Consumers' reduced demand and producers' increased supply gradually work together to mitigate the effects of the price increase and bring the market towards a new equilibrium.
Understand how changes in prices influence consumer demand and producer supply, leading to market equilibrium adjustments.
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An oil refinery has decided to purchase a new dring equipment with a useful life of 15 years. The cost of taxes, transportation, and instalation of this equpment is estimated to be $20.000 For deton purposes the salvage value (V) of the ding equipmental at the end of year 15 is estimated to be $10,000, while its book value after 10 years $100,000 Calculate the purchase price of the oring equipment using the straight line depreciation method
To calculate the purchase price of the drying equipment using the straight-line depreciation method, we need to consider the following information:
Useful life of the equipment (N) = 15 years
Salvage value (V) at the end of year 15 = $10,000
Book value after 10 years = $100,000
Using the straight-line depreciation method, the annual depreciation expense (D) can be calculated as:
D = (Initial Cost - Salvage Value) / Useful Life
We can rearrange the formula to find the initial cost (C):
C = D * Useful Life + Salvage Value
First, let's calculate the annual depreciation expense (D) using the given information:
D = ($100,000 - $10,000) / 15
D = $90,000 / 15
D = $6,000 per year
Now, we can calculate the purchase price (C) of the drying equipment:
C = $6,000 * 15 + $10,000
C = $90,000 + $10,000
C = $100,000
Therefore, the purchase price of the drying equipment using the straight-line depreciation method is $100,000.
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the following is the adjusted trial balance for Stock on Company. Stockton Company Adjusted Trial Balance December 31 Cash 6,516 Accounts Receivable 2,624 Prepaid Expenses 614 Equipment 14,741 Accumulated Depreciation Accounts Payable Notes Payable Common Stock Retained Earnings Dividends Fees Earned Wages Expense Rent Expense Utilities Expense Depreciation Expense Miscellaneous Expense 752 2,606 733 330 187 71 201 3,560 1,506 4,644 1,000 11,656 6,808 Depreciation Expense Miscellaneous Expense Totals Determine the retained earnings ending balance. a. $2,881 b. $29,174 c. $13.785 Od. $12,656 OFFEES SPELARTEC ECCEMBER Spec UPERARE up on the 187 71 29,174 29,174
To determine the retained earnings ending balance, we need to calculate the net income for the period. This can be done by subtracting the total expenses (excluding dividends) from the total fees earned.
Total expenses = Wages Expense + Rent Expense + Utilities Expense + Depreciation Expense + Miscellaneous Expense
Total expenses = $4,644 + $1,000 + $11,656 + $6,808 + $187 + $71
Total expenses = $24,366
Net income = Fees Earned - Total expenses
Net income = $13,785 - $24,366
Net income = -$10,581
The retained earnings ending balance is calculated by adding the net income (or subtracting the net loss) and deducting dividends from the beginning retained earnings balance.
Retained Earnings ending balance = Retained Earnings beginning balance + Net income - Dividends
Retained Earnings ending balance = $1,506 + (-$10,581) - $2,881
Retained Earnings ending balance = -$11,956
Since the retained earnings ending balance is negative, it suggests a net loss for the period. None of the options provided match this result, so there seems to be an error or omission in the information given. Please review the information provided again for accuracy.
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Given an optimal risky portfolio with expected return of 6%, standard deviation of 23%, and a risk free rate of 3%, what is the slope of the best feasible CAL? A. 0.64 B. 0.39 C, 0.08 D. 0.13 E. 0.36
The slope of the best feasible CAL is 0.13, which is closest to option D (0.13). CAL stands for Capital Allocation Line. It represents all the feasible combinations of the market portfolio and the risk-free asset.
Optimal risky portfolio is a portfolio on the efficient frontier that is tangent to the CML and the market portfolio. Its expected return is higher than the expected return of other risky assets that have the same level of risk. The expected return of an optimal risky portfolio is 6%, and its standard deviation is 23%.
The formula for CAL is:CAL: E(Rp) = Rf + [(E(Rm) - Rf)/σm]σpCAL represents the tradeoff between the expected return and the standard deviation of portfolio returns. The slope of CAL is the Sharpe ratio (S), which is equal to the risk premium of the market portfolio divided by its standard deviation:
S = (E(Rm) - Rf)/σmThe Sharpe ratio indicates the excess return (E(Rm) - Rf) per unit of risk (σm). The best feasible CAL is the tangent line from the risk-free rate to the optimal risky portfolio. Its slope is:S = (E(Rp) - Rf)/σp
Substituting the values into the formula:
S = (0.06 - 0.03)/0.23 = 0.13
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Total revenue for the period was $1,000,000 Cost of goods sold totaled $250.00tal expemes for the period were 3700,000. Averapenetases totaled 51.500.000 Average wesequity totaled $800,000. Calculate profit margin 799
The profit margin for the given period is 79.9%.
To calculate the profit margin, we need to divide the profit by the total revenue and multiply the result by 100 to express it as a percentage.
Total revenue for the period: $1,000,000
Cost of goods sold: $250,000
Total expenses for the period: $700,000
To calculate the profit, we need to subtract the cost of goods sold and total expenses from the total revenue:
Profit = Total revenue - (Cost of goods sold + Total expenses)
= $1,000,000 - ($250,000 + $700,000)
= $1,000,000 - $950,000
= $50,000
Now, let's calculate the profit margin:
Profit margin = (Profit / Total revenue) * 100
= ($50,000 / $1,000,000) * 100
= 0.05 * 100
= 5%
Therefore, the profit margin for the given period is 5%.
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Compare and contrast Armstrong's model and Towers Perrin Total
rewards model
Armstrong's Model concentrates on performance management, while Towers Perrin's Total Rewards Model has a more extensive focus on reward management.
Armstrong's Model: Armstrong's Model is a performance management model that provides insight into an organization's procedures. In contrast to Towers Perrin's Total Rewards Model, which concentrates on the rewards and benefits of an organization's employees, Armstrong's Model emphasizes performance management. The model divides performance management into four components: planning, monitoring, reviewing, and development. Towers Perrin's Total Rewards Model: Towers Perrin's Total Rewards Model is a comprehensive approach that encompasses all components of reward management.
The objective is to establish an integrated total reward system that incorporates the entire organization's rewards and benefits components. The model distinguishes between two types of rewards: transactional and relational. It recommends creating a framework for rewards that allows for continuous feedback and constant review of employee benefits to ensure that they are aligned with the organization's objectives. Both models have some similarities, including the focus on employee reward management, performance review, and feedback.
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under the concept of employment-at-will, who has the right to terminate employment?
Under the concept of employment-at-will, both the employer and the employee have the right to terminate employment.
Employment-at-will is a legal doctrine that exists in many countries, including the United States, which allows both employers and employees to terminate the employment relationship at any time, for any reason, or for no reason at all, without incurring legal liability. This means that the employer can choose to terminate an employee's employment, and similarly, the employee can choose to resign or leave the job without providing a specific reason.
The employment-at-will doctrine is based on the principle of freedom of contract and recognizes the autonomy of both parties involved. Employers have the right to make decisions regarding their workforce, including the termination of employment if they deem it necessary. On the other hand, employees have the freedom to leave their jobs if they find better opportunities or if they are dissatisfied with their current employment.
In summary, under the concept of employment-at-will, both employers and employees have the right to terminate employment. This principle grants freedom and flexibility to both parties, allowing them to make decisions based on their own best interests. However, it's important to note that employment contracts, collective bargaining agreements, or applicable laws may limit the extent of employment-at-will in certain situations, providing additional protections or requirements for termination.
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Critically analyze the importance of international trade contracts. Mention the main terms of international trade contracts.
International trade contracts are crucial in facilitating global commerce. In business, a contract is an agreement that spells out the responsibilities and expectations of all parties involved.
international trade contracts are crucial in facilitating global commerce. These contracts establish clear terms and conditions, and provide a framework for dispute resolution. International trade contracts are a crucial tool for businesses that want to trade across borders and expand their operations globally.
3. Protecting Intellectual Property Rights: International trade contracts ensure that intellectual property rights are protected. These rights can include patents, trademarks, and copyrights. By protecting these rights, businesses can safeguard their intellectual property from being copied or stolen.
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You have to decide whether to invest $100 in a friend's enterprise, where in a year's time the money will increase to $150. You have agreed that your friend will split the profits each year with you. Your alternative is to keep at the bank at an interest rate of r. Suppose this game is played repeatedly infinitely often. The rate of interest between any two successive periods is r, the same as that in the bank and the same for you and your friend. (i) For what cut-off value of r can there be an equilibrium outcome of the repeated game, in which each period you invest with your friend and he repays as agreed. A) 0.1 B) 0.2 C) 0.6 D) 0.65 E) 1 If the rate of interest is 50% per year, can there be an alternative splitting agreement that is an equilibrium outcome of the infinitely repeated game where you invest with your friend? a) Yes b) The question does not make sense c) Not enough information to answer d) You will always have cooperation e) You will never have cooperation at that 'r'
(i) The equilibrium outcome of the repeated game if r is at least 0.6 is (option C) 0.6.
(ii) The correct answer is (option C) Not enough information to answer.
In order for there to be an equilibrium outcome, the return from investing with your friend should be at least as good as the return from keeping the money in the bank. Let's calculate the return for both options.
Investing with your friend:
After one year, your $100 investment increases to $150, and you and your friend split the profits equally. So, you receive $75.
Keeping the money in the bank:
At an interest rate of r, after one year, your $100 investment in the bank will grow to $100 * (1 + r).
For an equilibrium outcome, we need the return from investing with your friend to be at least as good as the return from keeping the money in the bank. Mathematically, this can be represented as:
$75 ≥ $100 * (1 + r)
Simplifying the inequality:
0.75 ≥ 1 + r
0.75 - 1 ≥ r
-0.25 ≥ r
From the options given, the cutoff value of r is C) 0.6, which is greater than -0.25. Therefore, there can be an equilibrium outcome of the repeated game if r is at least 0.6.
The cutoff value of r for an equilibrium outcome of the repeated game, where each period you invest with your friend and he repays as agreed, is 0.6. Therefore, option C) is the correct answer.
For the second part of the question, we need to know the alternative splitting agreement to determine if it can be an equilibrium outcome.
The question does not provide this information, so it is not possible to answer whether there can be an alternative splitting agreement that is an equilibrium outcome at a 50% interest rate. Therefore, the correct answer is c) Not enough information to answer.
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A company with a newly developed product believes that they can sell 100,000 units of this product per year for NOK 90 /piece. The payments per piece for material, salary, etc. are calculated at NOK 50 / piece regardless of the amount. The investment cost is NOK 1,000,000, the residual value is 0 and the economic life is 5 years. There is an uncertainty associated with input parameters and the company therefore wants to know the lowest sales volume per year where the investment is not unprofitable if the discount rate is 10%. (Answer with an integer.)
To determine the lowest sales volume per year where the investment is not unprofitable, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment over the economic life of 5 years. The NPV represents the present value of the cash inflows (revenue) minus the present value of the cash outflows (costs and investment).
First, let's calculate the annual cash inflow:
Annual Revenue = Sales Volume per Year x Price per Unit
Annual Revenue = 100,000 units/year x NOK 90/unit
Next, let's calculate the annual cash outflow:
Annual Cost = Payments per Piece x Sales Volume per Year + Investment Cost
Annual Cost = NOK 50/unit x 100,000 units/year + NOK 1,000,000
Now, we can calculate the NPV using the formula:
NPV = Σ (Annual Revenue - Annual Cost) / (1 + Discount Rate)^Year
We will calculate the NPV for each year (1 to 5) and sum them up. Then we will determine the lowest sales volume per year where the NPV is greater than or equal to zero, indicating that the investment is not unprofitable.
After performing the calculations, the lowest sales volume per year where the investment is not unprofitable is 77,610 units (rounded to the nearest integer).
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limiting contact with foreigners was the main goal of chinesecorruption.isolationism.kowtowing.missionaries.
Limiting contact with foreigners was the main goal of Chinese isolationism.What is Chinese Isolationism?Chinese isolationism refers to China's foreign policy of seeking to limit foreign influence and interaction with the outside world.
The policy was characterized by economic protectionism and military fortifications, which aimed to limit China's exposure to the outside world and protect it from foreign domination.The isolationist policy was initially put in place during the Ming Dynasty and later reinforced during the Qing Dynasty, when the Manchu rulers sought to limit foreign influence and preserve their power. This policy was strictly enforced, and foreigners were viewed with suspicion and often treated with hostility.The main goal of Chinese isolationism was to limit foreign influence and interaction with the outside world.Explanation:
The term kowtowing refers to a Chinese custom of touching one's forehead to the ground as a sign of reverence or respect. The term has often been used to describe China's subservient relationship with foreign powers and its willingness to submit to their demands. However, it is not relevant to the question at hand.Corruption refers to the abuse of power for personal gain. While corruption was a problem in China, it was not the main goal of Chinese isolationism.Missionaries refers to people who travel to other countries to spread their religious beliefs. While the presence of Christian missionaries in China was one factor that led to tension between China and foreign powers, it was not the main goal of Chinese isolationism.
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