The correct answer is “Reviewing customer credit before approving a sales order.”
Preventive control is a type of internal control which is implemented to keep fraudulent activities at bay. It helps to prevent and detect errors, intentional or unintentional, by regularly monitoring activities, and analyzing results to make necessary adjustments. The objective of preventive control is to prevent or deter errors and fraud before they occur rather than detecting them after the damage is done. A preventive control can include access restrictions, approvals, and authorizations, encryption, dual control, segregation of duties, and data backups among others.
It is a preventive control because it restricts sales to customers that are unlikely to default on their payment and, in doing so, reduces the chances of bad debts.
For example, credit history is often used to determine creditworthiness, which can serve as a basis for decisions regarding a customer’s ability to purchase on credit. By reviewing customer credit before approving a sales order, the company can minimize the risk of extending credit to a customer who may not be able to make a payment.
Inventory count based on system records is not a preventive control but a detective control. It is used to check whether the inventory records in the system are accurate. Reconciling the bank statement to cash and maintaining frequent backup records to prevent data loss are corrective controls. Reconciling the bank statement to cash is done after the fact to correct any discrepancies between the bank and the cash records, while maintaining frequent backup records is done after data loss to recover any lost data.
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Thomas purchased his home for $500,000 five years ago. Although he has made no improvements to the home, it has appreciated considerably and is currently worth $800,000. Assuming in 2021, Thomas obtains a $40,000 second mortgage on his home and uses the proceeds to purchase a personal auto. Thomas must report $40,000 as income in 2021 Select one: True False
Thomas must report $40,000 as income in 2021. The statement is True.
As per the given information, Thomas purchased his home for $500,000 five years ago. Although he has made no improvements to the home, it has appreciated considerably and is currently worth $800,000. Assuming in 2021, Thomas obtains a $40,000 second mortgage on his home and uses the proceeds to purchase a personal auto. A mortgage loan is money borrowed using a property as collateral.
A mortgage is a loan used to buy property or land. A second mortgage is a mortgage taken out on a property that is already mortgaged. These loans are in second position behind the first mortgage. If a mortgage holder defaults on the loan, the first mortgage takes precedence over any other debts on the property.
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Sydney Train’s share price was $10 when the company announced that it will cut next year’s dividend to $0.6 per share from $1 (the dividend just paid). It will use the savings to expand its network, and as a result, the growth in dividend is expected to accelerate to 7% from current value of 4%. How do you think the announcement will affect Sydney Train’s share price? Hint: you need to calculate the new share price.
Share Price = $0.6 / (0.10 - 0.07) = $0.6 / 0.03 = $20
To calculate the new share price of Sydney Train after the dividend cut and the expected accelerated dividend growth, we can use the Dividend Discount Model (DDM).
The DDM formula is as follows:
Share Price = Dividend / (Required Rate of Return - Dividend Growth Rate)
Given the following information:
Current dividend = $1
Dividend cut = $0.6
Current dividend growth rate = 4%
Expected dividend growth rate = 7%
We need to determine the required rate of return (discount rate) for Sydney Train. This rate represents the return that investors expect for holding the stock, taking into account its risk and opportunity cost.
Assuming a required rate of return of 10% as an example, we can calculate the new share price:
For the current dividend:
Share Price = $1 / (0.10 - 0.04) = $1 / 0.06 = $16.67
For the reduced dividend:
Share Price = $0.6 / (0.10 - 0.07) = $0.6 / 0.03 = $20
Based on this calculation, the share price of Sydney Train is expected to increase to $20 after the announcement of the dividend cut and the expected accelerated dividend growth. This increase is due to the fact that the company is reinvesting the savings from the dividend cut into expanding its network, which is expected to generate higher future dividends, leading to a higher valuation of the company's shares.
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16. Standard deviation:
a. is equal to the variance
squared.
b. measures the variability of returns
around the expected return.
c. is found by taking the square root
of expected return.
d. is accepta
Measures the variability of returns around the expected return" is the correct answer for the definition of standard deviation.
Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variability or dispersion in a set of data. It provides a measure of how spread out the values are from the mean or expected value.
Option (a) is incorrect because the variance is equal to the square of the standard deviation, not the other way around. The variance is another statistical measure that quantifies the dispersion of data, but it is not the same as the standard deviation.
Option (c) is incorrect because taking the square root of the expected return does not yield the standard deviation. The square root of the variance is taken to calculate the standard deviation.
Option (d) is not a valid completion of the sentence and does not provide an accurate statement about standard deviation.
Standard deviation is a measure of variability or dispersion in a set of data, specifically measuring the spread or variability of returns around the expected return. It is not equal to the variance squared, it is not found by taking the square root of expected return, and option (d) does not accurately describe the concept of standard deviation.
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_ (blank) _ defines the objectives of the new or modified system and develops a detailed description of the functions that the new system must perform. Select one: a. programming b. documentation c. audit d. conversion e. requirements analysis
The blank that defines the objectives of the new or modified system and develops a detailed description of the functions that the new system must perform is e. requirements analysis.
Requirements analysis is a critical phase in the development of a new or modified system. It involves identifying and documenting the objectives, goals, and specifications that the system should fulfill. During this phase, the project team works closely with stakeholders to gather and analyze their requirements, ensuring a clear understanding of what the system needs to accomplish.
The objectives of the new or modified system are defined through thorough discussions, interviews, and documentation of user needs and expectations. These requirements are then analyzed to identify the core functions and features that the system must deliver. This analysis helps in establishing a solid foundation for the subsequent stages of system design, development, and implementation.
Effective requirements analysis is crucial for project success as it helps in aligning the development efforts with the desired outcomes. It ensures that the system meets the needs of stakeholders, enhances efficiency, and delivers value to the organization.
Therefore, requirements analysis plays a pivotal role in the system development lifecycle by defining objectives and capturing detailed functional requirements. It serves as the basis for designing and building a system that addresses the specific needs of stakeholders.
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Define the term natural rate of unemployment. Explain its
relationship to potential output.
The natural rate of unemployment (NRU) is defined as the level of unemployment that occurs when the economy is producing at potential output. The natural rate of unemployment (NRU) is the level of unemployment that exists when an economy is operating at full capacity.
It represents the rate of unemployment that results from the structural characteristics of the labor market, such as the level of job search activity, the degree of labor market friction, and the matching process between workers and jobs. Explanation: Potential output is the level of economic activity that an economy can sustainably produce in the long run. It is determined by the economy's productive capacity, which is determined by the availability of labor, capital, and technology. When an economy is operating at potential output, it is producing the maximum amount of goods and services that it can sustainably produce in the long run.
At this level of output, the natural rate of unemployment is achieved because all available resources are being used to their fullest extent. The natural rate of unemployment is related to potential output because it represents the level of unemployment that is consistent with the full utilization of an economy's resources. When the economy is producing at potential output, it is operating at full employment, and the unemployment rate is at its natural rate. This relationship between the natural rate of unemployment and potential output is important because it helps policymakers to assess the health of the labor market. If the unemployment rate is below the natural rate, it may indicate that the economy is overheating, which could lead to inflation. If the unemployment rate is above the natural rate, it may indicate that the economy is operating below its potential, which could lead to a reduction in living standards.
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How does political logic differ from economic logic? And under what conditions do they diverge or converge? What implications do they have for the state vis-à-vis the market, and for wealth and poverty?
The policies may lead to increased wealth inequality or decrease it, based on the effectiveness of the policies.
Political logic is referred to as the ways in which authority is organized and used, while economic logic is related to the production, circulation, and use of commodities and wealth. Political logic and economic logic may converge or diverge, depending on the political system and its economic policy.
The divergence between economic and political logic usually occurs when the government is pursuing goals that conflict with or limit the interests of market stakeholders. Political logic and economic logic converge when political actions taken by a government complement and reinforce the objectives of the market.
A state's political and economic objectives have a significant impact on the market, wealth, and poverty. Government policy can either promote or impede economic growth, leading to changes in the overall distribution of wealth and poverty. Government policies may also influence market activity by establishing barriers to entry, setting pricing rules, or promoting particular industries.
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5 points V Compare and contrast transactional and transformational leadership styles For the toolbar, press ALT F10 (PC) or ALTEN+F10(Mac). BI V S Paragraph Arial 10pt 6F11: x X, जाना. 田田�
Transactional and transformational leadership styles are two distinct approaches to leadership that have different focuses and outcomes. Here are the key points of comparison and contrast between the two styles:
1. Focus:
- Transactional leadership: This style of leadership emphasizes the transactional relationship between the leader and followers. It focuses on the exchange of rewards and punishments for performance and compliance with established goals and procedures.
- Transformational leadership: This style of leadership emphasizes inspiring and motivating followers to achieve their full potential. It focuses on creating a vision, fostering innovation and creativity, and developing strong relationships with followers.
2. Approach to Motivation:
- Transactional leadership: Transactional leaders motivate their followers through a system of rewards and punishments. They use contingent rewards to incentivize desired behavior and corrective actions to address poor performance.
- Transformational leadership: Transformational leaders motivate their followers by appealing to their higher-order needs and aspirations. They inspire and empower followers to go beyond their self-interests and work towards collective goals.
3. Relationship with Followers:
- Transactional leadership: Transactional leaders maintain a more formal and transactional relationship with their followers. The focus is on achieving specific targets and meeting expectations through clear instructions and monitoring.
- Transformational leadership: Transformational leaders foster a more personal and emotional connection with their followers. They establish trust, respect, and rapport, and encourage individual growth and development.
4. Change Orientation:
- Transactional leadership: Transactional leaders maintain stability and focus on maintaining existing systems and processes. They ensure adherence to rules and procedures and make incremental improvements.
- Transformational leadership: Transformational leaders embrace change and actively seek to transform the organization. They challenge the status quo, promote innovation, and encourage followers to think outside the box.
5. Long-term Impact:
- Transactional leadership: Transactional leadership may lead to short-term gains in productivity and efficiency but may not foster long-term growth or innovation.
- Transformational leadership: Transformational leadership has the potential for long-term impact by creating a culture of continuous improvement, fostering creativity, and driving organizational success.
In summary, while transactional leadership focuses on the exchange of rewards and punishments for compliance, transformational leadership emphasizes inspiration, motivation, and personal growth. Transactional leadership is more task-oriented and transactional in nature, while transformational leadership is more relationship-oriented and transformational in nature. Both styles have their strengths and can be effective in different contexts, but transformational leadership is often associated with long-term organizational growth and innovation.
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Solare Company acquired mineral rights for $269,100,000. The diamond deposit is estimated at 29,900,000 tons. During the current year, 3,220,000 tons were mined and sold. a. Determine the depletion rate. per ton b. Determine the amount of depletion expense for the current year. c. Journalize the adjusting entry to recognize the depletion expense. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. Dec. 31 Depletion Expense Accumulated Depreciation
a. To determine the depletion rate per ton, divide the total cost of mineral rights by the estimated total tons of the diamond deposit:
Depletion rate per ton = Cost of mineral rights / Estimated total tons
Depletion rate per ton = $269,100,000 / 29,900,000 tons
b. To determine the amount of depletion expense for the current year, multiply the depletion rate per ton by the number of tons mined and sold:
Depletion expense = Depletion rate per ton * Tons mined and sold
Depletion expense = Depletion rate per ton * 3,220,000 tons
c. The journal entry to recognize the depletion expense would be as follows:
Date: December 31
Debit: Depletion Expense
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation
The exact amounts for the debit and credit would depend on the calculations in parts a and b.
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Help with creating an ERD!!!
Now lets consider designing a database for the a car lot. Consider the following statements ->
Our car lot sells many cars every month (we have a big inventory)
Our car lot has many customers (everyone loves us!)
Our car lot has many sales persons (we are ready to help our customers)
Each car sale persons sells many cars a week (our prices are great)
Our car lot provides many mechanical services (all our mechanics are experts)
Our Service department has many mechanics (any mechanic would love to work here)
Our mechanics provide service to our customers (our repeat business is awesome)
Examine the above information and determine the Entities.
With each entity - determine some attributes for each entity. As a note - is there any information in the above statements that is not helpful for our database design?
Now lets consider our Car Lot database design and determine the relationship of our Entities
Based on the information provided, we can identify the following entities for the Car Lot database:
Attributes: Lot ID, Lot Name, Location
Car:
Attributes: Car ID, Car Make, Car Model, Car Year, Price, Color, Mileage
Customer:
Attributes: Customer ID, Customer Name, Contact Number, Email Address
Salesperson:
Attributes: Salesperson ID, Salesperson Name, Contact Number, Email Address
Service Department:
Attributes: Department ID, Department Name, Location
Mechanic:
Attributes: Mechanic ID, Mechanic Name, Contact Number, Email Address
Sale:
Attributes: Sale ID, Car ID, Customer ID, Salesperson ID, Sale Date
Service:
Attributes: Service ID, Car ID, Customer ID, Mechanic ID, Service Date, Service Description
The information provided is helpful in designing the database, as it outlines the entities and their attributes. However, there may be additional attributes or relationships that could be identified based on specific requirements or business rules. For example, we may need to consider additional attributes such as Car VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) or Salesperson Commission.
Now, let's determine the relationships between the entities:
Car Lot - Car:
One Car Lot can have many Cars (One-to-Many relationship)
Car Lot is the "one" side, and Car is the "many" side
Car Lot - Customer:
One Car Lot can have many Customers (One-to-Many relationship)
Car Lot is the "one" side, and Customer is the "many" side
Car Lot - Salesperson:
One Car Lot can have many Salespersons (One-to-Many relationship)
Car Lot is the "one" side, and Salesperson is the "many" side
Salesperson - Sale:
One Salesperson can have many Sales (One-to-Many relationship)
Salesperson is the "one" side, and Sale is the "many" side
Car Lot - Service Department:
One Car Lot can have many Service Departments (One-to-Many relationship)
Car Lot is the "one" side, and Service Department is the "many" side
Service Department - Mechanic:
One Service Department can have many Mechanics (One-to-Many relationship)
Service Department is the "one" side, and Mechanic is the "many" side
Customer - Sale:
One Customer can have many Sales (One-to-Many relationship)
Customer is the "one" side, and Sale is the "many" side
Customer - Service:
One Customer can have many Services (One-to-Many relationship)
Customer is the "one" side, and Service is the "many" side
Car - Sale:
One Car can have many Sales (One-to-Many relationship)
Car is the "one" side, and Sale is the "many" side
Car - Service:
One Car can have many Services (One-to-Many relationship)
Car is the "one" side, and Service is the "many" side
It is important to note that these relationships are based on the information provided and can be modified or expanded depending on the specific requirements and business rules of the car lot.
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Given the limitations of Porter’s five forces model, could one argue that strategists should largely ignore industry factors and focus instead on resources and competencies specific to a firm? Why or why not?
One could argue that strategists should focus on resources and competencies specific to a firm rather than industry factors due to limitations of Porter's five forces model.
While Porter's five forces model is a valuable framework for analyzing industry factors that shape competition, it has limitations that could justify a greater emphasis on firm-specific resources and competencies. Firstly, the model may not adequately capture the impact of disruptive technologies or innovations that can reshape entire industries. Secondly, it assumes a stable industry structure, which may not hold true in dynamic and rapidly evolving markets.
Additionally, focusing on resources and competencies allows strategists to leverage unique strengths and capabilities that set the firm apart from competitors, fostering sustainable competitive advantages. By emphasizing internal factors, strategists can identify and develop distinctive competencies, create value, and differentiate their firm from others in the industry.
However, this does not imply completely ignoring industry factors, as they still provide valuable insights and context for strategic decision-making. A balanced approach that considers both industry factors and firm-specific resources and competencies is often ideal.
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in your economics class, each homework problem set is graded on the basis of a maximum score of 100. you have completed 9 out of 10 of the problem sets for the term, and your current average grade is 88. a. what range of grades for your 10th problem set will raise your overall average? 0 to 87 89 to 100 70 to 99 0 to 90 b. what range will lower your overall average? 0 to 87 89 to 100 0 to 90 70 to 99
In this particular scenario, the current average grade is 88 and the student has completed 9 out of 10 problem sets. So, the total score the student has earned so far is 792. This was calculated by multiplying 88 by 9.Now, we can set up an equation to determine the range of grades required to raise the student's overall average to 90.
Since the total possible points for the course are 1000 (10 sets of 100 points), the equation can be written as:(792 + x) / 1000 = 0.90 (where x represents the score on the tenth problem set)Multiplying both sides by 1000, we get:792 + x = 900Solving for x, we get:x = 108So, the range of grades that will raise the student's overall average is 89 to 100. Any score between 89 and 100 on the tenth problem set will bring the student's average up to 90 or higher.Now, to find the range of grades that will lower the student's overall average, we can repeat the same process but set the desired average to 87:(792 + x) / 1000 = 0.87Multiplying both sides by 1000, we get:792 + x = 870Solving for x, we get:x = 78So, the range of grades that will lower the student's overall average is 0 to 87. Any score on the tenth problem set that is lower than 87 will bring the student's average down. Therefore, the correct option is (a) 0 to 87.
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Securitizations are tools providing alternative investment opportunities to investors. Mortgage-back securitization (MBS) is one of the most popular instruments. It allows investors to invest in mortgage loans that are traditionally available to banks and financial institutions only. In this assignment, you will use SAS to model cash inflows/outflows of a simple MBS. The model is to project the future cash collection from mortgage loans based on different default risk assumptions and then allocates cash available to MBS certificate holders. The model will allow you to estimate risk- return to investors under different default scenario. Suppose a MBS invests in a pool of mortgage loans that has the following characteristics: Aggregate beginning balance of the mortgage loans Weighted average of coupon rate $52 million 6% per annum 360 months Weighted average maturity The MBS issues three classes of certificates with the following balance and coupon rate. Beginning Balance $25 million $20 million $ 4 million Certificate A B с Annual Fixed Coupon Rate 5% 7% 9% For simplicity, we assume that a. The mortgage loan pool may default at a 3% annual rate, on average. For loans that default, MBS does not receive any cash (100% severity rate) and the mortgage ban pool will immediately be written down by the default amount (before any calculation). b. Monthly coupons paid to certificate holders are fixed and do not change over the life of the loans. c. However, the actual amounts paid to certificate holders depend on whether there is enough cash to distribute to certificate holder. If the cash collected from the mortgage pool outweighs the cash payouts to certificate holders, the excess cash wil be kept in reserve account. On the other hand, if the cash collection (plus any reserve available) is less than the required cash payouts to certificate holders, the junior certificate holders may not receive any payment. Certificate C is mcre junior than B and B is more junior than A. d. Any portion of payment that cannot be made due to insufficient fund will be recorded as unrecoverable losses.
Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) are securitized investment tools that are usually the most prevalent form of structured finance. They provide investors with an opportunity to invest in mortgages that are traditionally only available to banks and financial institutions.
MBSs involve the pooling of a large number of mortgage loans, which are then securitized into a single investment instrument. They are often divided into various classes of securities or tranches, each with its own risk and return characteristics. MBS certificates are categorized into three types: A, B, and C.
MBS invests in a pool of mortgage loans with a total value of $52 million and an average coupon rate of 6% per annum. The weighted average maturity of the mortgage loan is 360 months. For simplicity, it is assumed that the mortgage loan pool has an annual default rate of 3% on average. MBS does not receive any cash for loans that default, and the mortgage pool will be written down by the default amount immediately.
It is also assumed that monthly coupon payments to certificate holders are fixed and will not change over the life of the loans. However, the actual amounts paid to certificate holders depend on whether there is enough cash to distribute to certificate holders. If the cash collected from the mortgage pool is more than the cash payouts to certificate holders, the excess cash will be kept in a reserve account. If the cash collection (plus any reserve available) is less than the required cash payouts to certificate holders, the junior certificate holders may not receive any payment. Certificate C is more junior than B, and B is more junior than A.
In conclusion, this assignment will use SAS to model cash inflows/outflows of a simple MBS. The model will project the future cash collection from mortgage loans based on different default risk assumptions and then allocate cash available to MBS certificate holders. The model will allow investors to estimate risk-return under different default scenarios.
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In a portfolio of 200 shares of stock A priced at $50 per share and 400 shares of stock B priced at $20 per share, what is the investment weight of each stock? (That is, what is the proportion of investment in stock A? What is the proportion of investment in stock B?) [5 points]
The proportion of investment in stock A is 55.5% and the proportion of investment in stock B is 44.4% as per the information provided.
Investment weight of each stock: The investment weight of each stock is the proportion of the total investment in that stock to the total investment in the portfolio.
In the given portfolio, there are 200 shares of stock A priced at $50 per share and 400 shares of stock B priced at $20 per share. The total investment in stock A can be calculated as follows:
Total investment in stock A = Number of shares × Price per share= 200 × $50 = $10,000
The total investment in stock B can be calculated as follows:
Total investment in stock B = Number of shares × Price per share= 400 × $20 = $8,000
The total investment in the portfolio is the sum of the investments in stock A and stock B.
Total investment in the portfolio = $10,000 + $8,000 = $18,000
The proportion of investment in stock A is the investment in stock A divided by the total investment in the portfolio.
Proportion of investment in stock A = Investment in stock A / Total investment in the portfolio
= $10,000 / $18,000= 0.555 or 55.5%
Therefore, the proportion of investment in stock A is 55.5%. The proportion of investment in stock B is the investment in stock B divided by the total investment in the portfolio.
Proportion of investment in stock B = Investment in stock B / Total investment in the portfolio= $8,000 / $18,000= 0.444 or 44.4%Therefore, the proportion of investment in stock B is 44.4%.
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Answer all questions. Each question carries 25 marks. Question 1: You are presented with the following trial balance of Annie Trading Investment Holdings, a limited liability company, at 31 October 2021. Dr. Cr. 5000 5000 Land at cost Buildings at cost Motor vehicles at cost Equipment at cost Buildings, accumulated depreciation, at 1 November 2020 Motor vehicles, accumulated depreciation, at 1 November 2020 Equipment, accumulated depreciation, at 1 November 2020 Trade receivables Cash Trade payables Bank overdraft Bank loan Share capital Retained earnings at 1 November 2020 Sales Sales return Inventory at 1 November 2020 Purchases Travelling expenses (Distribution costs) Insurance (Distribution costs) Utility expenses (Distribution costs) Printing expenses (Administrative expenses) Salaries (Administrative expenses) Bank loan interest paid Page 2 of 10 3,495 7,920 1,260 2,400 8,280 252 447 2,010 22,368 1,950 984 360 1,101 4,260 207 57,294 3,750 210 1,005 2.250 786 2,247 8,010 2,763 36,273 57,294 Additional information as 31 October 2021: 1. Buildings are depreciated at 10% of cost, allocated to administrative expenses. 2. Motor vehicles are depreciated at 20% of cost, allocated to administrative expenses. Equipment is depreciated at 30% of cost, allocated to distribution costs. 3. 4. There were no additions or disposals of non-current assets during the year. 5. Inventory at 31 October 2021 was valued at $2,037,000. 6. Land was revalued at 31 October 2021 to $4,563,000. Tax of $252,000 is to be provided for the year. 7. Required: a. Prepare a statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 October 2021 of Annie Trading Investment Holdings Limited in accordance with "HKAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements". (11 Marks) b. Explain the following accounting items in relation to Annie Trading Investing Holdings Limited: i. Current assets and non-current assets; Current liabilities and non-current liabilities. (6 Marks) C. Audit committees contribute significantly to raising the standards of corporate governance if they operate effectively. Please evaluate this statement.
Summary of all parts: Annie Trading Investment Holdings Limited Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 October 2021.
b. Explanation of the following accounting items in relation to Annie Trading Investing Holdings Limitedi. Current assets and non-current assets; Current liabilities and non-current liabilities. Current assets are those assets that a business expects to convert into cash or use up within one year from the reporting date (or its operating cycle, whichever is longer). Current assets that Annie Trading Investment Holdings Limited have include Trade receivables and Cash. On the other hand, non-current assets are expected to provide a benefit to the business for more than one year and are not held for resale.
Non-current assets that Annie Trading Investment Holdings Limited have include Buildings at cost, Land at cost, Motor vehicles at cost, and Equipment at cost. Current liabilities are debts and obligations a business expects to settle within one year from the reporting date (or its operating cycle, whichever is longer). Current liabilities that Annie Trading Investment Holdings Limited have include Trade payables, Bank overdraft, Bank loan, and Bank loan interest paid. Conversely, non-current liabilities are those debts and obligations that a company expects to settle after one year.
Annie Trading Investment Holdings Limited has no non-current liabilities. c. Evaluation of the statement “Audit committees contribute significantly to raising the standards of corporate governance if they operate effectively.”The statement that “Audit committees contribute significantly to raising the standards of corporate governance if they operate effectively” is a correct statement. Audit committees are accountable for promoting transparent financial reporting and for ensuring that the management and employees of an organization comply with regulatory and legal standards.
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Company. Advertising expense $ 28,750 Direct labor anven W $675,480 Indirect labor 159,475 Office salarios expense.. 63,000 Rent expense-Office space.. 22.000 Depreciation expense-Office equipment Depreciation expense-Selling equipment..... Depreciation expense-Factory equipment...... Raw materials purchases (all direct materials).... Maintenance expense-Factory equipment Factory utilities 7,250 8,600 49,325 925,000 35,400 33,000 Rent expense-Selling space 26,100 Rent expense-Factory building. 76,800 Sales salaries expense ve 392,560 Required Identify each cost as either a product cost or a period cost. If a product cost, classify it as direct materials, direct labor, or factory overhead. If a period cost, classify it as a selling expense or a general and administrative expense.
A company can have different types of costs, and each type of cost is categorized as either a product cost or a period cost. The classification of costs is important for budgeting, financial reporting, and strategic decision-making.
Product costs are those costs that are incurred in the manufacturing of a product, while period costs are those costs that are incurred over a period of time, irrespective of the number of products manufactured. The cost of advertising, office salaries, and sales salaries expense is considered a period cost because these costs are not directly related to the production of goods.
Indirect labor, maintenance expense, and factory utilities are considered factory overhead because they are incurred during the production process. Raw materials purchases are considered direct materials because they are directly used in the production process. Direct labor is considered a product cost because it is directly involved in the manufacturing of a product.
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Suppose, after you graduate from Algoma University, you find a job that pays you $65,000 a year. Further, suppose that after you have your first job, you would like to buy your dream car Honda Odyssey that you were always longing for. Since you do not have enough savings yet, you plan to take out an automobile loan of $41,250 for 84 months at an annual interest rate of 1.99 percent, with payments to be made monthly. What will your monthly payments be? If the interest rate increases from 1.99 percent to 3.5 percent, how much will your monthly payments increase? Instead of 84 months, you decide to pay off your loan in 60 months, what will your monthly payments be if the interest rate remains at 1.99 percent or increases to 3.5 percent? Develop a chart comparing these monthly payments. Show your work.
If you take out an automobile loan of $41,250 for 84 months at an annual interest rate of 1.99 percent, your monthly payments will be approximately $523.
To calculate the monthly payments for an automobile loan, we can use the formula for the monthly payment of an amortizing loan.
Monthly Payment = P * (r * (1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1),
where P is the loan principal, r is the monthly interest rate, and n is the number of months.
For the original loan of $41,250 at an interest rate of 1.99 percent for 84 months, the monthly interest rate (r) is (1.99 / 100) / 12 and the number of months (n) is 84. Plugging these values into the formula, we find that the monthly payments are approximately $523.
If the interest rate increases to 3.5 percent, we can repeat the calculation with the new interest rate. The monthly interest rate (r) becomes (3.5 / 100) / 12, while the loan principal (P) and the number of months (n) remain the same. The new monthly payments are approximately $542.
Next, let's consider paying off the loan in 60 months. For the original interest rate of 1.99 percent, the number of months (n) becomes 60, while the loan principal (P) and the monthly interest rate (r) remain the same. Plugging these values into the formula, we find that the monthly payments are approximately $648.
Finally, if the interest rate increases to 3.5 percent and the loan is paid off in 60 months, we can repeat the calculation with the new interest rate. The monthly interest rate (r) becomes (3.5 / 100) / 12, while the loan principal (P) and the number of months (n) remain the same. The new monthly payments are approximately $667.
Loan Term (months) | Interest Rate (%) | Monthly Payment ($)
84 | 1.99 | 523
84 | 3.5 | 542
60 | 1.99 | 648
60 | 3.5 | 667
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If you are willing to pay $28,017.00 today to receive a
perpetuity with the first payment occurring next year then the
payment must be $______. Assume a 13.00% discount rate. Answer
format: Currency:
To calculate the payment amount for a perpetuity, we can use the formula: Payment = Present Value / Discount Rate
In this case, the present value is $28,017.00, and the discount rate is 13.00%.
Substituting these values into the formula, we have:
Payment = $28,017.00 / 0.13
Payment = $2155.15 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, if you are willing to pay $28,017.00 today to receive a perpetuity with the first payment occurring next year, the payment amount would be approximately $2155.15.
A perpetuity is an investment that provides a fixed payment indefinitely, so you would receive $2155.15 each year, starting from the year after your initial payment.
It's important to note that perpetuities are theoretical financial instruments and not commonly found in practice, as most investments have a finite term.
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Identify two of General Motor’s core competencies and explain
why you think they are core compentencies.
General Motors (GM) is an American multinational company that specializes in designing, manufacturing, marketing, and distributing vehicles, vehicle parts, and financial services.
Some of the core competencies of General Motors are given below;1. Strong Brand Reputation:GM's strong brand reputation is one of its core competencies.
The company has established a well-recognized and trusted brand over the years, which has helped it to gain customers' confidence. GM's brand is well known for its high-quality vehicles and innovative technology. This brand reputation has helped GM to expand its market share in the automotive industry.
2. Innovative Technology:GM's innovative technology is another core competency. The company has been at the forefront of developing innovative technology that has helped to differentiate its products from those of its competitors. GM has invested heavily in research and development, which has enabled it to produce high-quality vehicles that meet the changing needs of customers. GM's innovative technology has helped it to improve its fuel efficiency, safety, and overall performance of its vehicles.
The company has also been successful in developing electric vehicles that have helped to reduce its carbon footprint. This has helped the company to gain a competitive advantage in the market.
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Hassock Corp. produces woven wall hangings. It takes 2 hours of direct labor to produce a single wall hanging. Hassock's standard labor cost is $14 per hour. During August, Hassock produced 11,900 units and used 24,200 hours of direct labor at a total cost of $335,100. What is Hassock's labor efficiency variance for August? Multiple Choice O $9,300 unfavorable $1,900 unfavorable. $5,600 favorable. $5,600 unfavorable. $7,400 favorable.
The labor efficiency variance for August is $400 unfavorable.
To calculate Hassock Corp.'s labor efficiency variance, we need to compare the actual hours of direct labor used with the standard hours allowed for the production output.
Standard hours allowed = Standard labor hours per unit * Actual production output
Given:
Standard labor hours per unit = 2 hours
Actual production output = 11,900 units
Standard hours allowed = 2 hours/unit * 11,900 units = 23,800 hours
Actual hours of direct labor used = 24,200 hours
Labor efficiency variance = Standard hours allowed - Actual hours of direct labor used
Labor efficiency variance = 23,800 hours - 24,200 hours = -400 hours
Since the actual hours of direct labor used exceeded the standard hours allowed, the labor efficiency variance is unfavorable.
Therefore, the labor efficiency variance for August is $400 unfavorable.
None of the provided options match the calculated variance.
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Case Study
You are a business analyst who has just joined the commission system replacement project at PrivateWealth. The project has been running for six months, and half of the planned analysis work has been completed.
As part of the orientation, you have decided to review the project's requirements traceability matrix. But, you have found that the matrix does not exist, and requirements are maintained in multiple separate documents. You spent the next day reviewing the project documentation and came up with a list of business needs, requirements, and risk/opportunities. You have even found some test cases for built functionality.
Create a Requirements Traceability Matrix using Microsoft Excel. Populate the matrix, using the business needs and requirements in your list. Assign attributes to the requirements. Accompany your Requirements Traceability and explain the matrix, attributes, and attribute values.
Business Needs and Requirements
Access to data must be provided via a role assignment.
Change a transaction value by using an account with a role assignment that allows only for reading the data.
The Compliance department user must be able to view only the sales transactions of financial advisors.
The contact center representative must have access to view the data of all financial advisors.
Data from the system must be aggregated, before it is loaded to the general ledger system.
Enter a transaction for financial advisor in Field Office 9 using an account with a role assignment that allows to read, change, and add data for Field Offices 1 to 9.
Old technology will not be supported by the vendor within the next five years.
Only Commission department users should be able to run payroll.
Replace the outdated commission system with a modern solution that is cheaper and easier to maintain.
The data in the new system must be secured from unauthorized usage.
The new commission system must provide data to post to the general ledger system.
The new system must provide all required operational, management, compliance, and regulatory reports.
The system must integrate into existing technical infrastructure.
The system must provide payslip and tax forms for financial advisors.
The system must have a role in read-only access.
The system must have a role that provides read-only access to sales transactions.
The system must have a role to restrict read, change, and add data by field office IDs.
The requirements traceability matrix is an important component of project management that provides documentation of each requirement from its inception through its implementation and testing.
Microsoft Excel is an effective tool for creating a requirements traceability matrix since it provides the capability to manage information and generate reports. A traceability matrix can help ensure that each requirement is accounted for and traceable to related work products such as test cases. Requirements Traceability Matrix for Commission System Replacement Project at PrivateWealthAttributesValuesRequirement IDRequirement NameBusiness NeedAttribute TypeAttribute ValueREQ-01Access to data must be provided via a role assignment.Access to DataPriorityMREQ-02Change a transaction value by using an account with a role assignment that allows only for reading the data.Change Transaction ValueRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-03The Compliance department user must be able to view only the sales transactions of financial advisors for business.
View Compliance Department UserPriorityHREQ-04The contact center representative must have access to view the data of all financial advisors.View Contact Center RepresentativePriorityLREQ-05Data from the system must be aggregated before it is loaded to the general ledger system.Data AggregationPriorityMREQ-06Enter a transaction for financial advisor in Field Office 9 using an account with a role assignment that allows to read, change, and add data for Field Offices 1 to 9.Enter Transaction for Financial AdvisorRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-07Old technology will not be supported by the vendor within the next five years.Replace Outdated Commission SystemPriorityHREQ-08Only Commission department users should be able to run payroll.Run PayrollPriorityMREQ-09Replace the outdated commission system with a modern solution that is cheaper and easier to maintain.Replace Outdated Commission SystemRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-10The data in the new system must be secured from unauthorized usage.
Secure DataPriorityHREQ-11The new commission system must provide data to post to the general ledger system.Post DataPriorityHREQ-12The new system must provide all required operational, management, compliance, and regulatory reports.Generate ReportsRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-13The system must integrate into existing technical infrastructure.System IntegrationPriorityMREQ-14The system must provide payslip and tax forms for financial advisors.Provide Payslip and Tax FormsRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-15The system must have a role in read-only access.Access RolesRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-16The system must have a role that provides read-only access to sales transactions.
Access RolesRequirement TypeFunctionalREQ-17The system must have a role to restrict read, change, and add data by field office IDs.Access RolesRequirement TypeFunctionalRequirements traceability matrix is a tool that provides documentation of each requirement from its inception through its implementation and testing. This matrix contains different attributes that assign specific values to each requirement based on priority, requirement type, and attribute type. This matrix ensures that each requirement is accounted for and traceable to related work products such as test cases. Microsoft Excel is an effective tool for creating a requirements traceability matrix since it provides the capability to manage information and generate reports.
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.Nagy Corporation reported the following income statement in 20X1, along with a comparable income statement for 20X0, its first year of operations:
Income Statement, 20X1 and 20X0
($ in millions)
20X1 20X0
Sales $ 350 $ 280
Cost of goods sold (188 ) (170 )
Depreciation expense (40 ) (38 )
Interest expense (25 ) (22 )
Fixed asset impairment (30)
Other operating expenses (99 ) (92 )
Loss before income tax benefit (32 ) (42 )
Income tax benefit 7 9
Net income $ (25 ) $ (33 )
In its Form 10-K, Nagy also provided a non-GAAP metric, earnings before depreciation and one-time charges, which was a pre-tax earnings measure that excluded depreciation expense and the one-time fixed-asset impairment charge in 20X1. Nagy reported that its earnings before depreciation and one-time charges was $38 million in 20X1 versus a $4 million loss in 20X1.
Required:
Provide the reconciliation (for both 20X1 and 20X0) to the nearest GAAP counterpart that Nagy must include with its non-GAAP metric. (Enter your answers in million. Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.)
($ in millions) 20X1 20X2
Income / Loss:
Adjustments:
Earnings (loss) before depreciation and one-time charges $ $
($ in millions) 20X1 20X0
Income / Loss:
Earnings (loss) before depreciation and one-time charges $38 $-4
Adjustments:
Add: Depreciation expense $40 $38
Add: Fixed asset impairment $30 $0
Net income (loss) per GAAP $8 $-42
In the reconciliation for 20X1, Nagy Corporation needs to add back the depreciation expense of $40 million and the fixed asset impairment charge of $30 million to the non-GAAP earnings to arrive at the net income per GAAP of $8 million. The depreciation expense and fixed asset impairment are non-cash charges that are included in the GAAP net income calculation but excluded in the non-GAAP metric.
In the reconciliation for 20X0, there are no adjustments needed as there were no one-time charges or non-GAAP metrics mentioned for that year. The net income per GAAP is already reported as a loss of $-33 million.
These reconciliations are necessary to provide transparency and allow investors and stakeholders to understand the differences between the non-GAAP metric and the GAAP net income. It helps to provide a clearer picture of the company's financial performance and ensures consistency in reporting.
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The relative financial stability following the Great Depression was ended by: The relative financial stability following the Great Depression was ended by: Multiple Choice stagflation. O the Great Recession. the Great Crash World War II.
The relative financial stability following the Great Depression was ended by World War II.
The Great Depression was a global economic downturn in the 1930s that lasted from 1929 until the end of the decade. The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors, including bank failures, stock market crashes, drought conditions, and other issues. The Great Depression is frequently referred to as the most severe economic downturn in human history. Following the Great Depression, the US government implemented various reforms to help mitigate the effects of the recession. However, the relative financial stability of the 1940s was ended by World War II. During the war, the government ramped up production, leading to significant economic growth. This resulted in a strong economy in the postwar period, but it also ended the relative financial stability that had existed following the Great Depression. The government's economic policies during and after the war contributed significantly to this. Additionally, the war itself was incredibly costly, leading to significant economic strain. Overall, while World War II led to significant economic growth, it also ended the relative financial stability that had existed following the Great Depression.
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comlpete question:The relative financial stability following the Great Depression was ended by: The relative financial stability following the Great Depression was ended by: Multiple Choice
stagflation.
the Great Recession.
the Great Crash
World War II.
Michelle Mibelle was a 17 year old student at CSUN. Michelle worked fulltime to pay for her room and board as well as for that portion of her tuition that was not covered by her scholarship and student loans. Her mother Ms. Mibelle lived in Arizona where she worked as a server in a coffee shop.
This past week, Michelle was admitted to the Northridge Hospital for treatment for appendicitis. When Michelle arrived at the hospital, she was asked to fill out forms, including a contract stating, "In consideration for medical services rendered, Patient agrees to pay to Northridge Hospital the full cost of her medical treatment." In addition, the contract also provided that if Northridge Hospital were to have to file suit against Michelle to recover the cost of her medical treatment, and the Hospital were to win the lawsuit, the Hospital would be entitled to recover its attorney’s fees, but if the patient (Michelle) were to win the lawsuit, she would not be entitled to recover her attorney’s fees. This provision was written on the second to last page of the forms presented to Michelle. A nurse reviewed with Michelle the terms of the forms presented to Michelle, but never mentioned the attorney’s fees provision.
While Michelle was being admitted to the hospital, the hospital payments administrator called Michelle’s mother Ms. Mibelle and asked her to guarantee the payment for Michelle’s medical services. Ms. Mibelle refused to do so because she had no money and was in the process of filing for bankruptcy protection. This meant that the Hospital would not be able to collect any money from Ms. Mibelle.
Michelle was hospitalized for three days during which time she had a variety of tests and ultimately surgery to remove her appendix. The hospital bill came to $20,000. The reasonable value of the surgery and the hospital stay was $15,000. Neither Michelle nor Ms. Mibelle paid the bill. The hospital sued Michelle. Is Michelle legally obligated to pay the hospital bill? Please explain your answer
Michelle is legally obliged to pay the hospital bill. This is because Michelle signed a contract with the Northridge Hospital stating that she would pay the entire cost of her medical treatment.
The hospital also informed Michelle of the terms of the forms presented to her, and although the attorney’s fees provision was written on the second to last page of the forms presented to Michelle, a nurse reviewed with Michelle the terms of the forms and although she never mentioned the attorney’s fees provision, it does not matter since Michelle had signed the contract.Michelle's mother's refusal to pay for Michelle's medical services does not affect Michelle's obligation to pay for her medical treatment. This is because Michelle is an adult and is capable of signing a contract and entering into agreements on her own behalf. Therefore, the hospital is legally entitled to pursue legal action against Michelle to recover the cost of her medical treatment, and the fact that the hospital would be entitled to recover its attorney's fees if it won the lawsuit does not change Michelle's obligation to pay for her medical treatment.
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CASE: On Gulf Air flights, a passenger needs to pay extra money if he/she has an extra bag, above what is allowed by their ticket, but university students can bring one extra bag free of charge. QUESTION: Which Segmented Pricing strategy is being used in this example? FU FALU
The segmented pricing strategy being used in the given example is FALU (Flat Allowance with Variable User Charges).
FALU (Flat Allowance with Variable User Charges) is a segmented pricing strategy in which a flat rate is charged for a basic service or product, but users are charged variable rates for additional services. This is accomplished by providing a flat allowance or base rate for a product or service, with additional fees charged for services or products beyond that limit.
In the provided example, Gulf Air's passengers must pay extra for their additional bags beyond what is permitted by their ticket. However, university students are granted an additional bag free of charge. Hence, Gulf Air is using a flat allowance (a set number of bags included in the ticket price) with variable user charges (additional charges applied for extra bags beyond the flat allowance), which is an example of a FALU pricing strategy.
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Part C Are the following statements true, false or uncertain? Briefly explain your answers. (40 points) a) "According to Monetarists, there is a permanent trade-off between unemployment and inflation rate" This statement is true. Because according to them especially Friedman, there is no trade-off between unemployment and inflation rate in the long-run. He said that Phillips curve which show the inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation, is a short-term phenomenon resulting from temporary illusion of money. He said that, monetary policy and natural unemployment rate are independent from each other. b) "People are rational financial investors." This statement is uncertain. Because some school say that people are rational but some school ,especially behavioural economists, say that people are not rational. c) "A. Smith was a pragmatic advocate of free trade." This statement is true. He was pragmatic advocate of free trade. According to Adam Smith, individuals cannot be restricted by the government unless he/she affects other individuals. d) "Like the new Classicals, most new Keynesians build macroeconomics on perfectly competitive markate "
The given statement in the question is "Like the new Classicals, most new Keynesians build macroeconomics on perfectly competitive markets".
the correct option is (d) False.
Therefore, the answer to this question is "False".The statement, "Like the new Classicals, most new Keynesians build macroeconomics on perfectly competitive markets," is False. most new Keynesians build macroeconomics on perfectly competitive markets".
New Keynesians do not believe in the theory of Perfect competition, but rather they propose the theory of Imperfect competition. They argue that there are price rigidities in the market, which prevent the market from attaining full equilibrium.
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Match each shock to the impact it has on the aggregate demand curve. autonomous consumption increases [Choose] marginal propensity to consume [Choose] increases government spending decreases [Choose] aggregate income increases [Choose]
The correct match for the impact each shock has on the aggregate demand curve are:autonomous consumption increases [shifts the curve to the right]. A) marginal propensity to consume increases [shifts the curve to the right].
government spending decreases [shifts the curve to the left]. aggregate income increases [shifts the curve to the right]. The autonomous consumption increases results in the shift of the curve to the right.
Marginal propensity to consume increases has the same effect. Government spending decreases is a shock that results in the shift of the curve to the left.
Aggregate income increases is another shock that shifts the curve to the right.It is important to note that when any of these shocks occur, they may affect aggregate demand either positively or negatively.
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On January 1, Year 2, PAT Ltd. acquired 90% of SAT Inc. when SAT’s retained earnings were $890,000. There was no acquisition differential. PAT accounts for its investment under the cost method. SAT sells inventory to PAT on a regular basis at a markup of 30% of selling price. The intercompany sales were $140,000 in Year 2 and $170,000 in Year 3. The total amount owing by PAT related to these intercompany sales was $40,000 at the end of Year 2 and $30,000 at the end of Year 3. On January 1, Year 3, the inventory of PAT contained goods purchased from SAT amounting to $50,000, while the December 31, Year 3, inventory contained goods purchased from SAT amounting to $60,000. Both companies pay income tax at the rate of 40%. Selected account balances from the records of PAT and SAT for the year ended December 31, Year 3, were as follows: PAT SAT Inventory $ 490,000 $ 290,000 Accounts payable 590,000 310,000 Retained earnings, beginning of year 2,390,000 1,090,000 Sales 3,990,000 2,490,000 Cost of sales 3,090,000 1,690,000 Income tax expense 280,000 350,000 Required: (a) Determine the amount to report on the Year 3 consolidated financial statements for the selected accounts noted above. (Omit $ sign in your response.) Inventory $ Accounts payable Retained earnings, beginning of year Sales Cost of sales Income tax expense
Given that PAT Ltd. acquired 90% of SAT Inc. when SAT’s retained earnings were $890,000 and PAT accounts for its investment under the cost method.
SAT sells inventory to PAT on a regular basis at a markup of 30% of the selling price. The intercompany sales were $140,000 in Year 2 and $170,000 in Year 3 and both companies pay income tax at the rate of 40%.
Firstly, let's find the intercompany profit by subtracting the cost of goods sold from the sales price. The calculation is shown below: Intercompany profit for Year 2: $140,000 × 30% = $42,000Intercompany profit for Year 3: $170,000 × 30% = $51,000.
Now, let us calculate the balance in the consolidated retained earnings of PAT and SAT as of December 31, Year 3 using the formula: Consolidated Retained Earnings = [Retained Earnings PAT (Beginning of Year 3) + Retained Earnings SAT (Beginning of Year 3)] + [(PAT’s net income + SAT’s net income) - Consolidated Dividends declared]
The consolidated retained earnings balance will be:Consolidated Retained Earnings = [2,390,000 + 1,090,000] + [(590,000 - 490,000) × (1 - 0.4)] + [(310,000 - 290,000) × (1 - 0.4)] + [(PAT’s net income + SAT’s net income) - Consolidated Dividends declared] = 3,480,000 + 60,000 + 12,000 + [(780,000 + 550,000) - Consolidated Dividends declared]
Now, let's calculate the income tax expense and net income for PAT and SAT: Income Tax Expense PAT = 40% × ($780,000 - $280,000) = $200,000 Income Tax Expense SAT = 40% × ($550,000 - $350,000) = $80,000
Net income PAT = $780,000 - $280,000 - $42,000 - $200,000 = $ 258,000 Net income SAT = $550,000 - $350,000 - $51,000 - $80,000 = $69,000. Now, we can proceed to calculate the consolidated figures for PAT and SAT for the selected accounts noted above.
The calculations are shown below: Inventory = $490,000 + $60,000 - $50,000 = $500,000 Accounts payable = $590,000 + $310,000 - $30,000 = $870,000Retained earnings, the beginning of year = $3,480,000 Sales = $3,990,000 + $2,490,000 = $6,480,000
Cost of sales = $3,090,000 + $1,690,000 = $4,780,000 Income tax expense = $200,000 + $80,000 = $280,000.
Therefore, the amount to report on the Year 3 consolidated financial statements for the selected accounts are as follows: Inventory = $500,000 Accounts payable = $870,000 Retained earnings, the beginning of year = $3,480,000 Sales = $6,480,000 Cost of sales = $4,780,000 Income tax expense = $280,000
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Schedule of Activity Costs
Quality Control Activities Activity Cost
Process audits $50,300
Training of machine operators 28,700
Processing returned products 18,400
Scrap processing (disposal) 26,900
Rework 5,700
Preventative maintenance 27,900
Product design 43,600
Warranty work 9,500
Finished goods inspection 22,400
From the provided schedule of activity costs, determine the value-added costs.
a.$233,400
b.$182,400
c.$150,500
d.$172,900
To determine the value-added costs from the provided schedule of activity costs, we need to identify the costs that directly contribute to the creation of value for the customer or the final product. Value-added costs are those activities that customers are willing to pay for because they enhance the product or service.
From the given list, the value-added costs are generally related to activities that directly contribute to the production or improvement of the product. These activities include training of machine operators, product design, preventative maintenance, and finished goods inspection.
Adding up the costs of these value-added activities, we have:
Training of machine operators ($28,700) + Product design ($43,600) + Preventative maintenance ($27,900) + Finished goods inspection ($22,400) = $122,600
Therefore, the value-added costs from the provided schedule amount to $122,600.
None of the given answer choices match this amount exactly, so it seems that there might be an error in the options provided. However, based on the calculations, the closest answer choice would be option (c) $150,500.
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A High Torque DC Motors manufacturer estimated that the permanent magnet component will cost $95,000 per year over the next 5 years. However, at year 1 the manufacturer spends $55,000 instead of $95,000. How much of a uniform increase each year is the manufacturer expecting for the cost of this part? Assume the company uses an interest rate of 10% per year. Draw the cash flow diagram.
The manufacturer is expecting a uniform increase of $8,780 per year for the cost of the permanent magnet component over the next 5 years.
To find the uniform increase each year, we can calculate the present value of the cost difference between year 1 and year 5. The present value can be found using the formula:
[tex]PV = FV / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
Where PV is the present value, FV is the future value (cost difference), r is the interest rate, and n is the number of years.
PV = $40,000 / (1 + 0.1)^4
PV = $40,000 / 1.4641
PV ≈ $27,312
The present value represents the uniform increase each year. Therefore, the manufacturer is expecting a uniform increase of approximately $8,780 ($27,312 divided by 4) for the cost of the permanent magnet component over the next 5 years.
Cash flow diagram:
```
Year 1: -$55,000
Year 2: -$55,000 + $8,780 = -$46,220
Year 3: -$55,000 + $8,780 + $8,780 = -$37,440
Year 4: -$55,000 + $8,780 + $8,780 + $8,780 = -$28,660
Year 5: -$55,000 + $8,780 + $8,780 + $8,780 + $8,780 = -$19,880
```
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Explain why it is important for managers to have a strong understanding of organizational behavior. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac), B I g Ꭶ Paragraph Arial 10pt V v V !!! v
Managers need to have a strong understanding of organizational behavior for several reasons. Firstly, organizational behavior is concerned with how individuals and groups behave within an organization, including their attitudes, motivations, and interactions. By understanding these dynamics, managers can effectively lead and motivate their teams, resulting in higher productivity and employee satisfaction.
Secondly, organizational behavior provides insights into how individuals and groups make decisions and solve problems within an organization. Managers who are well-versed in this field can facilitate effective decision-making processes, promote creative problem-solving, and foster a culture of innovation.
Thirdly, organizational behavior helps managers understand and manage interpersonal dynamics and conflicts within the workplace. By understanding the underlying causes of conflicts and applying appropriate conflict resolution strategies, managers can promote harmonious work relationships and create a positive work environment.
Furthermore, organizational behavior provides valuable insights into organizational culture and change management. Managers who understand the impact of culture on employee behavior can shape and align organizational culture with the company's goals and values. Additionally, in times of change, managers can use their knowledge of organizational behavior to effectively manage and navigate through transitions, minimizing resistance and facilitating successful change implementation.
Finally, understanding organizational behavior allows managers to effectively communicate and influence others. By understanding communication processes, motivation theories, and leadership styles, managers can tailor their communication approaches to different individuals and situations, increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes.
In summary, a strong understanding of organizational behavior equips managers with the knowledge and skills to effectively lead teams, make informed decisions, manage conflicts, shape organizational culture, facilitate change, and communicate effectively. This understanding ultimately contributes to the overall success and performance of the organization.
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