The factor that is NOT cited in the text as affecting the strategy for selecting a target market is organizational structure. Here option E is the correct answer.
Organizational structure refers to how a company organizes its various departments, teams, and reporting relationships. While organizational structure can impact overall business operations and decision-making processes, it is not directly linked to the strategy for selecting a target market.
On the other hand, the factors that are commonly cited as affecting the strategy for selecting a target market include:
Organizational objectives: These are the goals and targets that a company aims to achieve. The target market selection strategy should align with these objectives to ensure that the chosen market segment contributes to the company's overall success.
Target market characteristics: Understanding the characteristics, needs, preferences, and behaviors of potential customers is crucial in identifying the most suitable target market.
Factors such as demographics, psychographics, geographic location, and purchasing power play a significant role in this analysis. Therefore option E is the correct answer.
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Which of the following asset categories is NOT a part of M2 money? O other liquid assets small-denomination time deposits O bank reserves O demand deposits
M2 money refers to a measure of money supply that includes all the components of M1 money plus other liquid assets. Therefore, the asset category that is not a part of M2 money is bank reserves. M2 money supply can be defined as a measurement of the total amount of money that is in circulation in a particular economy at any given time.
In other words, M2 is the amount of money that is in circulation in an economy that includes all the components of M1 plus the near-money assets such as savings deposits, time deposits below $100,000, and non-institutional money market funds.Therefore, bank reserves are not included in M2 money because they are not available to be spent by the general public and are only kept by banks for their internal operations.
Bank reserves are deposits that banks hold at the Federal Reserve in excess of their required reserve levels, which are the minimum deposits banks must hold in order to meet regulatory requirements. The banks cannot lend out these reserves, and they do not contribute to the money supply or GDP. Thus, bank reserves are not included in M2 money.To summarize, bank reserves are not a part of the M2 money supply category, which comprises all components of M1 and other liquid assets.
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The case Las Vegas Sands v. Nehme on page 383-384 of your textbook deals with the creation of a negotiable instrument. The court decided that in that case, the casino marker for $500,000 created met all of the requirements for a negotiable instrument. A negotiable instrument is a type of formal contract which because it meets those requirements can be "negotiated" or passed from one owner to the next to transfer a financial obligation much like a check. Mr. Nehme signed it acknowledging a debt to the casino but did not have enough money in the Bank of America to cover the check. In this discussion I would like you not to talk about whether or not you agree with the court's decision in the case but whether or not casinos should be allowed to used markers, that are actually contracts when lending money to gamblers in their casinos. In your original post, please respond to the following questions: 1. If you have ever been to a casino, you know that gambling and drinking alcoholic beverages go together. Often casinos offer free drinks to their best customers. Why does this create a problem with the ability to enter into a contract? Explain in your answer one of the four required elements of a valid contract. 2. Should casinos be allowed to offer negotiable contracts to their customers? What would the effect be on their business if suddenly became illegal to do so? 3. What do you think the Nevada legislature could do to keep casinos from taking advantage of intoxicated gamblers without destroying the hotel and casino industry? Explain.
1. Drinking alcohol in a casino creates a problem for entering into contracts due to impaired capacity, a required element of a valid contract.
2. The allowance of negotiable contracts in casinos is a debated issue with potential effects on their business if made illegal.
3. The Nevada legislature could implement stricter regulations and promote responsible gambling practices to address the exploitation of intoxicated gamblers while preserving the casino industry.
1. The problem with entering into a contract while drinking alcoholic beverages in a casino is that it may impair an individual's ability to fully understand and comprehend the terms and consequences of the contract.
One of the required elements of a valid contract is "capacity," which refers to the mental and legal ability of the parties involved to understand the nature of the agreement. If a person is intoxicated, their capacity to enter into a contract may be compromised.
2. Whether or not casinos should be allowed to offer negotiable contracts to their customers is a matter of legal and ethical consideration. While it is currently legal in many jurisdictions, there are arguments both for and against such practices. Allowing negotiable contracts provides a financial convenience for gamblers and facilitates their access to funds for gambling.
However, it can also lead to issues of debt and financial irresponsibility. If it suddenly became illegal for casinos to offer negotiable contracts, it could have a significant impact on their business as it may restrict the flow of funds and potentially reduce customer spending.
3. The Nevada legislature could implement measures to protect intoxicated gamblers without undermining the hotel and casino industry. One possible approach could be to enforce stricter regulations and guidelines regarding the lending of money to gamblers.
This could include mandatory assessments of a gambler's capacity to enter into a contract, limitations on the amounts that can be loaned, and enhanced disclosures to ensure full understanding of the financial obligations.
Additionally, promoting responsible gambling practices, providing resources for assistance with gambling addiction, and offering education on financial management could be helpful in addressing the potential exploitation of intoxicated gamblers.
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110,000 112,895 117,312 140,533 95,000 177,500 120,303 139,590 173,987 130,000 133,821 144,269 150,000 145,885 105,000 93,600 130,273 70,000 113,834 117,817 Send data to Excel Salaries of Governors Here are the salaries (in dollars) of the governors of 25 randomly selected states, Construct a grouped frequency distribution with 7 classes. Part: 0/4 Part 1 of 4 4 The class width is X 115.331 150,000 What is the class width for a frequency distribution with 7 dasses? 142,542 166,891 137,092 10 LAMESHA V Expa 00
Therefore, the class width for the grouped frequency distribution with 7 classes is approximately $15,357.14.
To construct a grouped frequency distribution with 7 classes for the given data of governor salaries, we first need to determine the class width.
The class width is calculated by finding the range of the data and dividing it by the number of classes. In this case, we have 7 classes.
The range of the data is found by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value:
Range = Largest value - Smallest value
Range = $177,500 - $70,000
Range = $107,500
Next, we divide the range by the number of classes to find the class width:
Class Width = Range / Number of Classes
Class Width = $107,500 / 7
Class Width ≈ $15,357.14
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The following financial information is provided by ABC company. MV of Equity $6 billion MV of Preferred Stocks $2 billion MV of debt $13 billion Beta 1. 7 Market risk premium 8% 3% Risk free rate Tax-rate 30% The current market price of preferred stock of the company is $30. The company pays an annual preferred dividend of $4 per share. The debt of the company has 8 percent yield to maturity. The WACC of ABC company is equal to: 11. 38% O 9. 48% 9. 95% O 10. 43%
The WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) of ABC company is 9.95%.
WACC = (E/V) * Re + (PS/V) * Rp + (D/V) * Rd * (1 - Tax rate)
where:
- E is the market value of equity
- V is the total market value of the firm (E + PS + D)
- Re is the cost of equity
- PS is the market value of preferred stock
- Rp is the cost of preferred stock
- D is the market value of debt
- Rd is the cost of debt
- Tax rate is the corporate tax rate
Given the provided information:
- MV of Equity = $6 billion
- MV of Preferred Stocks = $2 billion
- MV of debt = $13 billion
- Beta = 1.7
- Market risk premium = 8%
- Risk-free rate = 3%
- Tax rate = 30%
- Current market price of preferred stock = $30
- Annual preferred dividend = $4 per share
- Debt yield to maturity = 8%
First, we calculate the cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Re = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium
= 3% + 1.7 * 8%
= 16.6%
Next, we calculate the cost of preferred stock (Rp) by dividing the preferred dividend by the current market price of preferred stock:
Rp = Preferred dividend / Current market price of preferred stock
= $4 / $30
= 13.33%
Then, we calculate the weight of each component:
Weight of Equity (E/V) = MV of Equity / V
= $6 billion / ($6 billion + $2 billion + $13 billion)
= 0.2727
Weight of Preferred Stock (PS/V) = MV of Preferred Stocks / V
= $2 billion / ($6 billion + $2 billion + $13 billion)
= 0.0909
Weight of Debt (D/V) = MV of debt / V
= $13 billion / ($6 billion + $2 billion + $13 billion)
= 0.6364
Finally, we can calculate the WACC:
WACC = (0.2727 * 16.6%) + (0.0909 * 13.33%) + (0.6364 * 8%) * (1 - 30%)
= 4.53% + 1.21% + 3.54%
= 9.95%
Therefore, the WACC of ABC company is 9.95%
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Teresa is a single parent that earns $45,000 per year. She estimates that her funeral costs would be $15,000 and would like to set up a college fund for her daughter at $60,000. Teresa would also like her daughter to receive a lump sum upon her death to cover her care for the next 10 years which is estimated at $20,000 a year.
Use the budget approach to recommend the level of life insurance that Teresa needs to purchase? (Show calculation)
Use the income method to calculate Teresa's life insurance needs (Show calculation)
Which method would you recommend using in this situation? Explain your choice and why it would be the best option.
(Note everything is based on 10 years of expenses, only use the figures above and refer to explanation on pgs. 353-354, not the examples as this is not an annuity so no PV factors will be used in these problems.)
According to the budget approach, teresa needs a life insurance policy with a coverage amount of $275,000.
To recommend the level of life insurance that teresa needs to purchase using the budget approach, we need to calculate the total financial needs that should be covered by the insurance policy.
1. funeral costs: $15,0002. college fund: $60,000
3. care for daughter (10 years): $20,000 per year x 10 = $200,000
total financial needs = funeral costs + college fund + care for daughter = $15,000 + $60,000 + $200,000 = $275,000 now let's calculate teresa's life insurance needs using the income method. the income method focuses on replacing the future income of the insured person.
teresa's annual income is $45,000, and she wants her daughter to receive a lump sum to cover her care for the next 10 years, which is estimated at $20,000 per year.
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Dakota Inc is considering a project with the cost of $230,000. The cash inflows from year 1 to 3 are the same as $190,000. Dakota has a discount rate of 17%. Because there is shortage of funds, Dakota wants to compute the PI for each project. What is the PI for the project?$1.17 $1.46 $0.75 $1.83 $0.93
The initial investment to the present value of anticipated future cash flows is the ratio that makes up the profitability index (PI). It helps companies decide whether or not to take on a specific project.
When the initial investment is exceeded by the present value of projected future cash inflows, the PI is greater than 1.0.
Given:
Cost of the project (C) = $230,000
Cash inflows for years 1 to 3 (CF) = $190,000
Discount rate (r) = 17�lculation:
Firstly, let's calculate the present value of cash inflows for years 1 to 3 using the below formula:
PV = CF / (1 + r)n
Here, CF = $190,000 and n = year number
PV of year 1 cash inflows:
PV1 = $190,000 / (1 + 0.17)^1
PV1 = $162,393.16
PV of year 2 cash inflows:
PV2 = $190,000 / (1 + 0.17)^2
PV2 = $138,721.92
PV of year 3 cash inflows:
PV3 = $190,000 / (1 + 0.17)^3
PV3 = $118,334.43
Total PV of cash inflows:
Total PV = PV1 + PV2 + PV3
Total PV = $162,393.16 + $138,721.92 + $118,334.43
Total PV = $419,449.51
Profitability Index (PI):
PI = Total PV / C
PI = $419,449.51 / $230,000
PI = 1.82
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Find the market interest rate if the inflation rate is 15% and
the real interest rate is 3%
The market interest rate is 18% when the inflation rate is 15% and the real interest rate is 3%.
To find the market interest rate, we need to add the inflation rate to the real interest rate. The real interest rate is the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. Therefore, the market interest rate can be calculated as follows:
Market interest rate = Real interest rate + Inflation rate\
Market interest rate = 3% + 15%\
Market interest rate = 18%
Therefore, the market interest rate is 18% when the inflation rate is 15% and the real interest rate is 3%. This means that lenders would expect to earn a return of 18% on their investment to compensate for the loss in purchasing power due to inflation.
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Assume that taxpayers consider that the welfare loss they have from paying income and savings taxes is fully offset by the benefit they receive from public spending on health, social security, and education financed with that tax. How would your labor supply and savings decisions be affected?
Please give full explanation, thank you
The belief that the welfare loss from taxes is fully offset by the benefits received from public spending can positively influence labor supply by promoting increased work effort and savings decisions by fostering a sense of security and confidence in financial planning.
If taxpayers believe that the welfare loss they experience from paying income and savings taxes is fully offset by the benefits they receive from public spending on health, social security, and education financed with those taxes, it could have an impact on their labor supply and savings decisions.
Regarding labor supply, taxpayers may be less discouraged from working or increasing their work effort since they perceive that the taxes they pay contribute directly to public goods and services that benefit them. This belief may lead to a higher labor supply as individuals feel that their efforts are better rewarded through the provision of essential services.
In terms of savings decisions, taxpayers may be more inclined to save since they believe that the tax revenues are being used to fund important public programs, such as health and education. The perception of these benefits may provide individuals with a greater sense of security and confidence in their financial future, encouraging them to save more for their own well-being and retirement.
Overall, The belief that the welfare loss from taxes is fully offset by the benefits received from public spending can positively influence labor supply by promoting increased work effort and savings decisions by fostering a sense of security and confidence in financial planning.
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According to the model of Ricardian comparative advantage, China should
a.produce and export the goods that China is relatively more productive than other countries
b.. import all kinds of goods from the rest of the world given that China has a large market
c.use the abundant factor of China more intensively
d. produce and export the goods that Chinese consumers like better than others
The correct answer is a. produce and export the goods that China is relatively more productive than other countries.
According to the model of Ricardian comparative advantage, China should a. produce and export the goods that China is relatively more productive than other countries.
According to the model of Ricardian comparative advantage, China should produce and export the goods that China is relatively more productive than other countries (Option a).
The theory of comparative advantage, developed by David Ricardo, suggests that countries should specialize in producing and exporting goods in which they have a comparative advantage, meaning they can produce those goods at a lower opportunity cost compared to other countries.
This allows countries to maximize their production efficiency and benefit from trade.
In the case of China, if it is relatively more productive in producing certain goods compared to other countries, it should focus on producing those goods and exporting them to take advantage of its comparative advantage. By specializing in the production of goods it can produce efficiently, China can increase its overall economic output and potentially benefit from trade by exporting these goods to other countries.
Therefore, the correct answer is a. produce and export the goods that China is relatively more productive than other countries.
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According to the information on the website, germany is the largest economy in the world and the in europe. in 2012, germany's gdp per capita was______. In 2012, germany's unemployment rate was_____.
According to the World Bank, Germany's GDP per capita in 2012 was $45,326 (in current US dollars). The unemployment rate in Germany in 2012 was 6.7%.
It is important to note that these figures are for nominal GDP per capita and unemployment rate. Nominal GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the country's GDP by its population , and it does not take into account the cost of living in the country. Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking work.
If we adjust for the cost of living, Germany's GDP per capita in 2012 would be $56,400 (in purchasing power parity terms). This would make Germany the 13th richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita (PPP).
The unemployment rate in Germany in 2012 was 6.7%. This was a relatively low unemployment rate compared to other developed countries. For example, the unemployment rate in the United States in 2012 was 8.1%.
The unemployment rate in Germany has continued to fall since 2012. In 2023, the unemployment rate in Germany is 3.54%. This is the lowest unemployment rate in Germany since the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990.
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When a project manager is negotiating for staff assignments on a project, he/she is LEAST LKELY to be negotiating with: Customes Functionat managers Vingon Other projectmaraners
When a project manager is negotiating for staff assignments on a project, they are LEAST LIKELY to be negotiating with customers.
While customers may have requirements and expectations for the project, the negotiation for staff assignments typically involves internal stakeholders such as functional managers, vendors, and other project managers.
The project manager's focus in this context is to secure the necessary resources and skills from within the organization to successfully execute the project. Negotiations with customers typically revolve around project scope, deliverables, timelines, and other aspects of the project's outcome rather than specific staff assignments.
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Initial cost of inventories
The company purchases raw materials for the production of finished products. It is normal for the market to provide a standard grace period of 30 days. The average price at which a company usually buys 1 ton of raw materials is 9500 sums per ton on the market.
On December 1, 20X2, the company entered into an agreement for the supply of these raw materials with a company that is a related party to it. The volume of delivery amounted to 1,000 tons at a price of 11,000 sums per ton, while the contract provides for a payment deferral of 24 months from the date of purchase.
Required:
a) Identify the initial cost of the inventory purchased on December 1, 20X2 in accordance with IFRS/IAS;
b) Provide the journal entries for the last procurement;
c) Calculate the interest expense to be charged monthly on the last procurement in the following accounting period from January 20X3 to December 20X4.
a) The initial cost of the inventory purchased on December 1, 20X2, is 11,000 sums per ton. b) Journal entries for the last procurement would include recording the inventory and accounts payable. c) Without specific information on the interest rate and calculation details, it is not possible to calculate the interest expense.
a) According to IFRS/IAS, the initial cost of the inventory purchased on December 1, 20X2, should include the actual price paid for the raw materials, excluding any trade discounts or rebates. In this case, the price agreed upon with the related party supplier is 11,000 sums per ton. Therefore, the initial cost of the inventory purchased on December 1, 20X2, would be 11,000 sums per ton.
b) The journal entries for the last procurement would typically include the following:
1. On December 1, 20X2, when the agreement was entered into:
Inventory (raw materials) Dr. XXXX
Accounts Payable (related party) Cr. XXXX
2. When the raw materials are received:
Inventory (raw materials) Dr. XXXX
Accounts Payable (related party) Cr. XXXX
c) To calculate the interest expense to be charged monthly on the last procurement from January 20X3 to December 20X4, you need to determine the interest rate and the period over which the interest will be calculated. However, the information provided does not include the interest rate or any specific details regarding interest calculations. Without this information, it is not possible to accurately calculate the interest expense.
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Break-Even Investment Returns [LO4] Your financial planner offers you two different investment plans. Plan X is a $25,000 annual perpetuity. Plan Y is a 15-year, $35,000 annual annuity. Both plans will make their first payment one year fromtoday. At what discount rate would you be indifferent between these two plans?
The discount rate at which you would be indifferent between Plan X and Plan Y is the rate at which the present value of the perpetuity equals the present value of the annuity.
To find the discount rate, we need to calculate the present values of both plans.
For Plan X, the present value of a perpetuity formula is PV = Payment / Discount Rate. Given that the annual perpetuity payment is $25,000, the present value is PVX = $25,000 / Discount Rate.
For Plan Y, the present value of an annuity formula is PV = Payment * [1 - (1 / (1 + Discount Rate)^n)] / Discount Rate, where n is the number of years. Given that the annual annuity payment is $35,000 and the duration is 15 years, the present value is PVY = $35,000 * [1 - (1 / (1 + Discount Rate)^15)] / Discount Rate.
Setting PVX equal to PVY, we can solve for the discount rate. This involves finding the intersection point of the two present value equations, which can be done using trial and error or by using a financial calculator or software.
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Imagine you are going to join a youth conference. You want to learn the details of the three-day long seminars in London. Ask for information; important dates, daily tours to historical places, what does the hotel price include? FORMAL EMAIL
Subject: Youth Conference InquiryDear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to inquire about the upcoming youth conference scheduled to take place in London in the next month. I am interested in attending and would like to know more about the event.I would appreciate it if you could provide me with important details about the conference.
Firstly, I would like to know the exact dates so that I can plan my travel itinerary and ensure that I can attend all of the seminars.Secondly, I am interested in the daily tours to historical places that will be included in the conference. It would be helpful to know this in so that I can plan accordingly.
Lastly, I would like to inquire about the hotel price. Also, I would like to know if there are any discounts available for early registration or group .I look forward to hearing back from you soon and thank you in advance for your time and assistance.
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This is the drop box for your case study : Nightmare on Training
Street – Could it happen to you?
Despite having prior experience in the field, Dan finds that his new job is challenging due to the company's lack of organization and communication. This leads to a series of frustrating and unproductive experiences for Dan.
One of the main issues that Dan faces is the lack of clarity around his job responsibilities. He is given a vague job description and is left to figure out the rest on his own. This leads to confusion and wasted time as Dan tries to prioritize tasks that may or may not be important.
Another issue that Dan faces is a lack of communication from his colleagues. He is not given clear instructions on how to complete certain tasks and is not included in important meetings and discussions. This makes it difficult for Dan to feel like a part of the team and to contribute effectively.
Furthermore, Training Street has a very relaxed culture, which is not necessarily a bad thing, but it can be distracting for employees who are trying to focus on their work. The company allows pets in the office, has a ping pong table and a snack bar. While these perks can be nice, they can also be a source of distraction for employees who are trying to get work done.
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Using the following information, compute net operating income (NOI) for the first year of operations (rounded to $Thousands).
• Number of apartments: 15
• Rent per month per apartment: $1,900
• Expected vacancy and collection loss: 8 percent
• Annual maintenance: $28,000
• Income taxes: $58,000
• Property insurance: $17,000
• Management: $16,000
• Property taxes: $19,000
• Annual depreciation: $34,000
• Capital expenditures: $0
• Other operating expenses: $23,000
• Annual mortgage debt payments: $35,000
To compute the net operating income (NOI) for the first year of operations, we need to calculate the total income and subtract the total expenses.
Total Income:
Number of apartments: 15
Rent per month per apartment: $1,900
Annual rent per apartment: $1,900 * 12 = $22,800
Total annual rental income: $22,800 * 15 = $342,000
Expected vacancy and collection loss: 8 percent
Vacancy and collection loss: 8% of $342,000 = 0.08 * $342,000 = $27,360
Effective Gross Income (EGI):
EGI = Total annual rental income - Vacancy and collection loss
EGI = $342,000 - $27,360 = $314,640
Total Expenses:
Annual maintenance: $28,000
Income taxes: $58,000
Property insurance: $17,000
Management: $16,000
Property taxes: $19,000
Annual depreciation: $34,000
Other operating expenses: $23,000
Annual mortgage debt payments: $35,000
Total Expenses = $28,000 + $58,000 + $17,000 + $16,000 + $19,000 + $34,000 + $23,000 + $35,000 = $230,000
Net Operating Income (NOI):
NOI = EGI - Total Expenses
NOI = $314,640 - $230,000 = $84,640
Therefore, the net operating income (NOI) for the first year of operations is approximately $84,640, rounded to the nearest thousand dollars.
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You manage a risky portfolio with an expected rate of return of 17% and a standard deviation of 28%. The T-bill rate is 7%. Your client's degree of risk aversion is A = 2.0, assuming a utility function u (1) A02.
a. What proportion, y, of the total investment should be invested in your fund? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Investment proportion y
%
b. What are the expected value and standard deviation of the rate of return on your client's optimized portfolio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Expected return
Standard deviation
%
%
a. The proportion, y, of the total investment that should be invested in the risky portfolio is 0.60. b. The expected value of the rate of return on the client's optimized portfolio is 13.00%, and the standard deviation is 33.60%.
a. The proportion, y, of the total investment that should be invested in the risky portfolio is 0.60. To determine the proportion, we can use the formula for the optimal portfolio weight: y = (E(R) - Rf) / (A * σ^2), Where: E(R) = Expected rate of return on the risky portfolio = 17%, Rf = Risk-free rate = 7%, A = Degree of risk aversion = 2.0, σ = Standard deviation of the risky portfolio = 28%. Substituting the values into the formula: y = (0.17 - 0.07) / (2.0 * 0.28^2) = 0.60, Therefore, the proportion y that should be invested in the risky portfolio is 60%. b. The expected value of the rate of return on the client's optimized portfolio is 13.00 %, and the standard deviation is 33.60%. To calculate the expected return and standard deviation of the optimized portfolio, we need to consider the proportions invested in the risky portfolio (y) and the risk-free asset (1 - y). Expected return of the optimized portfolio: E(R_opt) = y * E(R_risky) + (1 - y) * Rf, E(R_opt) = 0.60 * 0.17 + 0.40 * 0.07 = 0.102 + 0.028 = 0.130. Standard deviation of the optimized portfolio: σ_opt = √[(y^2 * σ^2_risky) + ((1 - y)^2 * 0)], σ_opt = √[(0.60^2 * 0.28^2) + (0.40^2 * 0)], σ_opt = √[(0.1008) + (0)] = √0.1008 = 0.336. Converting the decimal values to percentages: Expected return: 0.130 * 100% = 13.00%, Standard deviation: 0.336 * 100% = 33.60%. Rounding to two decimal places: Expected return: 13.00%, Standard deviation: 33.60%.
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Which of the following is CORRECT about price discrimination?
a.
Price discrimination requires market power, and hence the firm has to be the monopolist.
b.
Because price discrimination offers the firm more freedom to price it output, profits under price discrimination cannot be lower than profits under single pricing.
c.
Price discrimination is anti-competitive and the Competition Bureau considers it to be a criminal offense.
d.
All of the answers above are correct.
Price discrimination requires market power, enables profit maximization through tailored pricing, and its legality depends on specific circumstances and regulations.
d. All of the answers above are correct.
Price discrimination generally requires market power, as it involves charging different prices to different groups of consumers. Monopolistic firms often engage in price discrimination.
Price discrimination can allow firms to maximize their profits by tailoring prices to different consumer segments, potentially increasing overall profitability compared to a single pricing strategy.
While price discrimination may be perceived as anti-competitive in some cases, it is not inherently considered a criminal offense by the Competition Bureau. The legality and acceptability of price discrimination depend on specific circumstances and applicable laws and regulations.
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Explain five examples of products that display seasonality of
supply but uniformity of demand. Give a brief explanation to each
of the examples
Seasonality of supply and uniformity of demand occur in different products and services throughout the world.
What are the examples?Below are five examples of products that display seasonality of supply but uniformity of demand:
1. Christmas trees
The supply of Christmas trees is seasonal, meaning that it's available only in November and December. However, the demand for Christmas trees is uniform, meaning that consumers are buying Christmas trees all throughout the period leading up to Christmas day.
2. Watermelons
Watermelons are mostly grown in warm climates. Therefore, the supply of watermelons is seasonal, especially in cooler climates. However, the demand for watermelons is uniform throughout the year.
3. Beach vacations
Beach vacations are most attractive during summer because it's the perfect time to enjoy the sun and the sea. The supply of beach vacations is seasonal due to seasonal weather changes, but the demand for beach vacations is uniform throughout the year.
4. Snow removal services
Snow removal services are required during winter, especially in regions that experience heavy snowfall. The supply of snow removal services is seasonal, but the demand for such services is uniform throughout the winter months.
5. Sunscreen
Sunscreen is mostly used during the summer because it's the time when people are most exposed to the sun. Therefore, the supply of sunscreen is seasonal, but the demand for sunscreen is uniform throughout the summer months.
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Please tell if the following increases or decreases AS. Give an explanation for each answer 4. Raw material prices decrease 5. Firms and workers expect the price level to fall 6. The number of workers in the labor force increases 7. As a result of Covid, the birth rate has decreased.
As a result of Covid , the amount of goods and services produced is expected to decrease, resulting in a decrease in AS.
Here are the explanations for whether the following terms increase or decrease AS:
Raw material prices decrease - Increase in AS Raw materials are an essential component of manufacturing goods. A decrease in raw material prices would result in a reduction in the cost of production. This would allow businesses to lower the prices of their products while still maintaining their profit margins, resulting in an increase in the aggregate supply (AS).
Firms and workers expect the price level to fall - Increase in AS If businesses and workers expect the price level to fall in the future, they may choose to reduce their prices or demand lower wages. This could result in a decrease in production costs, as well as an increase in the number of goods and services produced. Therefore, this could result in an increase in aggregate supply (AS).
The number of workers in the labor force increases - Increase in AS If the number of workers in the labor force rises, the aggregate supply (AS) curve would shift to the right. This would increase the amount of goods and services produced and result in an increase in AS.
As a result of Covid, the birth rate has decreased - Decrease in AS The reduction in the birth rate is expected to reduce the number of workers in the labor force, resulting in a shift in the aggregate supply (AS) curve to the left.
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You are in the market for a new refrigerator for your company’s lounge, and you have narrowed the search down to two models. The energy efficient model sells for $1,750 and will save you $60 in electricity costs at the end of each of the next five years. The standard model has features similar to the energy efficient model but provides no future saving in electricity costs. It is priced at only $1,450.
Assuming your opportunity cost of funds is 5 percent, which refrigerator should you purchase?
multiple choice
A) The energy efficient model.
B) You should be indifferent between the two.
C) The standard model.
C) The standard model, as the present value of costs ($1,450) is lower than the present value of savings ($255.77).
To figure out which cooler to buy, we really want to analyze the current worth of expenses and advantages related with each model.
For the energy-productive model, the underlying expense is $1,750, however it gives yearly reserve funds of $60 in power costs for quite a long time. Taking into account an open door cost of assets at 5%, we can ascertain the current worth of these investment funds utilizing the recipe:
PV = Reserve funds/[tex](1 + r)^_n[/tex]
where PV is the current worth, r is the markdown rate (5% or 0.05), and n is the quantity of years (5).
PV = [tex]$60/(1 + 0.05)^_1 }+ $60/(1 + 0.05)^_2} + $60/(1 + 0.05)^_3} + $60/(1 + 0.05)^_4} + $60/(1 + 0.05)^_5}[/tex]
Working out this total provides us with a current worth of roughly $255.77.
For the standard model, there are no future reserve funds, so the current worth of costs continues as before as the underlying cost of $1,450.
Looking at the current qualities, $255.77 < $1,450. In this way, it is more financially savvy to buy the standard model, making Choice C, "The standard model," the suitable decision.
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Q1) Suppose Nabisco Corporation just issued a dividend of $1.32 per share yesterday. Subsequent dividends will grow at a constant rate of 07.70% indefinitely. If the required rate of return for this stock is 15.40% what is the value of a share of common stock today?
The value of a share of common stock today is approximately $17.14.
To calculate the value of a share of common stock using the dividend growth model, we can use the formula:
[tex]\[ \text{Value of stock}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{\text{Dividend per share}}{\text{Required rate of return} - \text{Growth rate}} \][/tex]
Given the following information:
Dividend per share = $1.32
Growth rate = 7.70% = 0.077
Required rate of return = 15.40% = 0.154
Substituting these values into the formula:
[tex]\[ \text{Value of stock} = \frac{1.32}{0.154 - 0.077} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Value of stock} = \frac{1.32}{0.077} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Value of stock} \approx \$17.14 \][/tex]
Therefore, the value of a share of common stock today is approximately $17.14.
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When communication goes from lower to higher ranks in the hierarchy of an organization, it is called ______ communication. group of answer choices
When communication goes from lower to higher ranks in the hierarchy of an organization, it is called upward communication.
Upward communication refers to the flow of information and messages from lower-level employees to higher-level managers or executives within an organizational hierarchy. This type of communication allows employees at lower ranks to provide feedback, share ideas, report problems, or seek guidance from their superiors. Upward communication is crucial for creating an open and transparent organizational culture, encouraging employee participation, and ensuring that valuable insights and perspectives from the frontlines reach decision-makers. It allows employees to have a voice and contributes to effective decision-making and problem-solving processes. By engaging in upward communication, organizations can foster a sense of trust, empower employees, and establish a feedback loop that facilitates continuous improvement and aligns the organization's goals with the experiences and expertise of its employees.
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A newly constructed 90-bed multispecialty hospital in Ajman emirate has contracted you, as health administration specialist, to organize the hospital's outpatients (otherwise known as ambulatory) unit to undertake nutrition education and treatment services for an estimated 20 new and discharged patients 6 days a week, at a cost of 70AED for consultation and average cost of 100AED for treatment per patient. What are key nutrition health education and treatment services in outpatients clinics ? ; what types and number of health workers will you need to provide such services sustainably? A dietitian’s average daily salary is 200aed/day . Discuss the appointment scheduling system you will adopt for this new outpatient department . Describe one key performance indicator to assess the level of functioning or outcomes of the outpatients’ clinic
At its core, nutrition health education and treatment services in outpatients clinics focus on providing nutrition advice and information to current and newly discharged patients in order to help.
Them make healthier nutrition-related decisions and manage their health in the longer term. These services include nutrition assessments, goal-setting, meal planning, dietary advice, nutrition counseling, and other medical nutrition therapies, such as tube feeding and enteral nutrition.
In order to offer such services sustainably, it is recommended that the hospital have at least one full-time dietitian and one part-time health worker in the outpatients clinic. The full-time dietitian would be responsible for providing comprehensive nutrition assessments, designing meal plans and providing nutrition counseling. The part-time health worker would help in monitoring patient progress and providing follow-up support to newly discharged patients. Overall, the costs of such staff would be 200AED/day for the dietitian, and a more modest hourly wage of 40AED/hour for the part-time health worker.
The appointment scheduling system adopted in the new outpatient department should be tailored to the needs of the specific patients. Patients should be given a choice of days/times for their appointment and must be allowed to reschedule if necessary. Additionally, an online booking/scheduling system should be implemented to ensure that appointments are adequately scheduled and managed in a timely manner.
One key performance indicator to assess the level of functioning or outcomes of the outpatients’ clinic is the patient satisfaction rate. This requires assessing patient feedback regarding the dietitian, the health worker, the clinic's overall services and their experiences evoked from their visits. As such, the outpatients clinic should aim to achieve a high level of patient satisfaction to ensure the sustainability of its services in the long term.
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Q.2 Two firms produce homogeneous products. The inverse demand function is: p(x 1
,x 2
)=a−x 1
− x 2
, where x 1
is the quantity chosen by firm 1,x 2
the quantity chosen by firm 2 , and a>0. The cost functions are C 1
(x 1
)=x 1
2
and C 2
(x 2
)=x 2
2
. Firm 1 is a Stackelberg leader and firm 2 a Stackelberg follower. Q.2.a Find the subgame-perfect quantities. Q.2.b Calculate each firm's equilibrium profit.
Previous question
Q.2.a) Find the subgame-perfect quantities: The inverse demand function is given byp(x1,x2)=a−x1−x2where x1 and x2 are the quantities produced by Firm 1 and Firm 2, respectively. Now, the cost functions are as follows:C1(x1)=x12andC2(x2)=x22It is given that Firm 1 is the Stackelberg leader and Firm 2 is the Stackelberg follower. Let q1 be the production quantity chosen by Firm 1 and q2 be the production quantity chosen by Firm 2.
Firm 2's Reaction Function: We start by finding Firm 2's reaction function for this game. Given that Firm 2 is a Stackelberg follower, it will produce the quantity that maximizes its profit, taking Firm 1's production quantity as given.
That is, it will solve the following optimization problem: Maximize π2(x2,q1)= p(x1,q2) * x2 - C2(x2)
Firm 2's profit is a function of the quantity it produces and Firm 1's production quantity. Using the inverse demand function, we can substitute for the price in terms of the quantities produced:x2(a - x1 - x2) - x22 Differentiating w.r.t. x2, and setting the derivative equal to zero, we get:∂π2(x2,q1) / ∂x2= a - 2x2 - x1 = 0 => x2 = (a - x1) / 2The above equation is Firm 2's reaction function.
Firm 1's Optimization Problem: Firm 1 knows that Firm 2 will produce the quantity given by the above reaction function. So it has to maximize its profit by choosing q1, taking q2 to be (a - q1) / 2. The profit function of Firm 1 is given by:π1(q1,q2)=(a - q1 - q2)q1 - q12 Differentiating w.r.t. q1 and setting the derivative equal to zero, we get:∂π1(q1,q2) / ∂q1= a - 2q1 - q2 = 0 => q1 = (a - q2) / 2The above equation is the optimal production quantity for Firm 1, given that it is the Stackelberg leader. Substituting this value of q1 in Firm 2's reaction function, we get: q2 = (a - (a - q2) / 2) / 2=> q2 = (a / 3)The subgame-perfect quantities are q1 = (a - q2) / 2 and q2 = (a / 3)
Q.2.b) Calculate each firm's equilibrium profit: Let's calculate each firm's equilibrium profit at the above subgame-perfect quantities. Firm 1's profit:π1(q1,q2)=(a - q1 - q2)q1 - q12=> π1(a/3, 2a/3) = (a/3) * (2a/3) - (a^2)/9= a2 / 27Firm 2's profit:π2(x2,q1)= p(x1,q2) * x2 - C2(x2)=> π2(a/3, a/3) = (a/3) * (a/3) - (a^2)/9= a2 / 27Hence, each firm's equilibrium profit is a2 / 27.
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Case Study: The Jamming by Dragan Z. Milosevic, Peerasit Patanakul, and Sabin Srivannaboon SCENARIO 1: JAM WITH THE COUNTERPART An executive five-member team was formed to manage a small but global company. Because they were allowed to choose where they wanted to live, the team spread across Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and England. Although each member was multilingual, they spoke in English during their weekly teleconference. Every month the team met at one of the company’ s divisional headquarters and spent the next day with the managers from that division. Members were encouraged to be part of every discussion, although their individual roles were very clear, so that interaction on a day - to - day basis was unnecessary. Even though the team never went through a formal team - building process, its emphasis on an agreed team mission, shared business values, and high- performance goals for all members made it a true model of a well - jammed multicultural team. SCENARIO 2: THE NPD GAME
When the team members first went to work on a product development project in a small high - tech company in the United States, it appeared that they would forever be at odds over every aspect of managing a project. A few projects and many fights later, however, a German, an American, a Mexican, and a Macedonian looked as cohesive as any other team. As they marched through their projects, they acquired an in - depth knowledge of each other’s cultures and project management scripts. Not only did they know each other’s religious holidays and eating habits, but they also reached a point of accepting American concern for cost tracking, German obsession with precise schedule management, Macedonian dedication to team spirit, and Mexican zeal for interpersonal relationships. The road to their masterly jamming was not paved by deliberate actions. Rather, it evolved from patient learning, many dead ends in their interactions, and the need to be successful in their work.
JAMMING
The situations described here can be called "jamming," — a strategy that suggests the project manager and the counterpart improvise, without an explicit mutual agreement, and transform their ideas into an agreeable scenario for their work. In this sense, they are like members of a jazz band following the loose rules of a jam session. "Jazzers" jam when they begin with a conventional theme, improvise on it, and pass it around until a new sound is created. This strategy implies what is apparent in the executive team — all team members are highly competent. Such competency enabled them to fathom the counterparts’ assumptions and habits, predict their responses, and take courses of actions that appealed to them. Another condition was met for jamming to work with the executive team, in particular, understanding the individuality of each counterpart. A counterpart ’s fluency in several scripts clearly meant that he or she might propose any of the scripts’ practices. Knowing the individuality then meant anticipating the practices. That the counterpart was analysed as a person with distinct traits, and not only as a representative of a culture, was the key to successful jamming.
However, there are intrinsic risks in the use of the jamming strategy. As it occurred in the initial phase of the high - tech team, some counterparts did not read the jamming as recognition of cultural points, but rather as an attempt to seek favour by flattery and fawning. Although the team never faced it, it is also possible that jamming may lead to an "overpersonalization" of the relationship between the project manager and the counterpart, characterized by high emotional involvement, loss of touch with and ignorance of other team members, and reluctance to delegate. Jamming’ s basic design may not be in tune with all cultures and may not even be appropriate for the execution by teams composed of members with varying levels of competency in other people’s project management scripts. While in its early stage of development the high - tech team members’ varying levels of competency were a significant roadblock, their further learning and growth got them over the obstacle. Still, the number and intensity of cultural run - ins that the team experienced before maturing supported the view that this strategy tends to be shorter on specific instructions for implementation and higher in uncertainty than any other unilateral strategy. However, its plasticity may be such a great asset to multicultural project managers that many of them view it as ideal in the development of a culturally responsive project management strategy.
Question 1 (25 Marks)
Critically discuss the pros and cons of the jamming approach to project team development as presented in the case study.
The "jamming" approach in project team development, as presented in the case study, has distinct pros and cons.
Advantages include fostering creativity, building understanding, and encouraging individuality. Disadvantages are potential over-personalization, a higher degree of uncertainty, and the risk of misunderstanding the approach as flattery.
In more detail, "jamming" allows team members to improvise, be creative, and adapt to various situations in a fluid and dynamic manner. This encourages team members to understand each other's culture, work ethics, and professional habits. By doing so, they can anticipate each other's responses and work cohesively. This approach also acknowledges and respects individuality, making it particularly suitable for multicultural teams.
However, there are inherent risks. The improvisational nature of "jamming" can lead to over-personalization and high emotional involvement, which may detract from the team's primary goals. It may also be misinterpreted as an attempt to curry favor through flattery. Additionally, the lack of specific implementation instructions and the presence of high uncertainty might not suit all cultures or teams with varying competency levels.
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9) During an expansion cycle of the economy, interest rates in the long end of the yield curve are lower than the short end of the curve. True False
The statement "During an expansion cycle of the economy, interest rates in the long end of the yield curve are lower than the short end of the curve" is false because interest rates in the long end of the yield curve are typically higher than the short end of the curve, resulting in a positively sloped yield curve.
This phenomenon is known as a normal or upward-sloping yield curve. In an expanding economy, there is typically higher inflationary pressure and expectations of future economic growth.
As a result, central banks tend to tighten monetary policy by raising short-term interest rates to control inflation. This increase in short-term rates makes borrowing more expensive, leading to higher yields on short-term bonds.
On the other hand, long-term interest rates are influenced by various factors such as inflation expectations, market sentiment, and economic outlook.
During an expansion, investors may have a positive outlook on the economy's future growth potential, leading to increased demand for long-term bonds. The increased demand for these bonds drives their prices up and yields down, resulting in lower long-term interest rates.
In conclusion, during an expansion cycle of the economy, interest rates on the long end of the yield curve are generally lower than the short end, resulting in an upward-sloping yield curve.
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The dollar store and family dollar profitably focus on buyers with modest means with their market offerings. this is an example of?
The statement "The dollar store and Family Dollar profitably focus on buyers with modest means with their market offerings" is an example of targeting a specific market segment.
In marketing, market segmentation is the process of dividing a broad market into smaller, more manageable segments based on certain characteristics or needs.
In this case, the dollar store and Family Dollar are targeting buyers with modest means. This means that their products and pricing are designed to appeal to individuals who have a limited budget or lower income. By specifically targeting this segment, these stores are able to tailor their offerings to meet the needs and preferences of these customers.
The dollar store and Family Dollar are able to attract and retain customers with modest means by offering a range of products at affordable prices. They typically sell a variety of everyday items such as household supplies, groceries, personal care products, and even some clothing items, all at discounted prices.
By offering these products at lower prices, they are able to cater to the needs of customers who may not have the financial means to shop at higher-end retailers.
Additionally, the dollar store and Family Dollar often have convenient locations, making it easier for customers with modest means to access their stores. This accessibility further enhances their appeal to this specific market segment.
Overall, the dollar store and Family Dollar's focus on buyers with modest means is a strategic approach that allows them to target a specific market segment and offer products that are affordable and accessible to customers who may have limited financial resources.
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Consider production process that requires an upstream firm A to
make an input, transfer to a downstream firm B, who then sells to
the final consumer. One unit of input from A is required for one
unit The marginal cost of production for firm A is 20 per unit. B has zero marginal costs. There are zero fixed costs. The final demand curve for end consumers is P = 200 – q. a. What is the proft-maximising level of output, the related price and profit, if A and B work together to maximise joint profit. b. Now assume that each firm acts to maximise its own profit. Firm A sets a price per unit of input to firm B and, likewise, firm B cares a single price to all final consumers (that is, two-part tariffs are not allowed). What is the outcome in this case (prices charged to firm B and final consumers, quantity and profits)? Explain your answer with the help of a diagram. c. What if the two firms can use a two-part tariff and firm B has all of the bargaining power? What is the outcome now? Provide some intuition for your answer. d. Now assume that the two firms can merge and if they do, the production costs to both units fall to zero (MC = 0 for both A and B). Now assume that the new merged firm is set up so that both A and B are now separate profit centres. Which outcome is better in terms of profit – the merged firm or the outcome outlined in part c? Provide some intuition for your answer.
a. The profit-maximizing level of output for joint profit is 100 units, with a price of $20 and a joint profit of $1,800. b. Firm A sets the input price at $20, firm B sets the consumer price at $180, resulting in profits of $1,600 for A and $16,000 for B. c. Firm B with bargaining power captures all profits. d. The merged firm with zero production costs has higher profits than in part c due to capturing consumer surplus and eliminating separate profit centers.
a. The profit-maximizing level of output for firms A and B, working together to maximize joint profit, occurs when marginal cost equals marginal revenue. In this case, since firm A has a marginal cost of 20 per unit and firm B has zero marginal costs, the profit-maximizing output level is where marginal cost equals the price. So, the output level is 100 units, the price is $20, and the joint profit is $1,800.
b. When each firm acts to maximize its own profit, firm A sets the price per unit of input to firm B, and firm B sets the price to the final consumers. In this case, firm A will set the price at its marginal cost of $20 per unit, and firm B will set the price according to the demand curve P = 200 - q. The quantity produced will be where the demand curve intersects with the marginal cost curve of firm A, which is at 100 units. The price to firm B will be $20, and the price to final consumers will be $180. The profits for firm A will be $1,600, and for firm B will be $16,000.
c. If the two firms can use a two-part tariff and firm B has all the bargaining power, the outcome will be that firm B captures all the profits. In this scenario, firm B can charge a lump-sum fee to firm A and set the price to final consumers at the monopoly level. Firm A will have to pay the fee and purchase the input at a higher price. As a result, firm B will earn all the profits, while firm A will earn zero profits.
d. If the two firms merge and have zero production costs, the outcome will be better for the merged firm in terms of profit compared to the outcome in part c. By merging, the separate profit centers of firms A and B are eliminated, and the merged firm can internalize all the profits. With zero production costs, the merged firm can set a price equal to the consumer's willingness to pay, resulting in higher profits. The merged firm can capture the entire consumer surplus, leading to increased profitability compared to the outcome in part c.
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Bing, Incorporated, has current assets of $2,330, net fixed assets of $10,900, current liabilities of $1,430, and long-term debt of $4,140.
What is the value of the shareholders’ equity account for this firm?
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.
How much is net working capital?
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.
The value of the shareholders' equity account for Bing, Incorporated is $7,660, and the net working capital is $900.
To calculate the value of the shareholders' equity account, we need to subtract the total liabilities from the total assets. The formula for shareholders' equity is:
Shareholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
Given:
Current Assets = $2,330
Net Fixed Assets = $10,900
Current Liabilities = $1,430
Long-Term Debt = $4,140
Total Assets = Current Assets + Net Fixed Assets
Total Assets = $2,330 + $10,900 = $13,230
Total Liabilities = Current Liabilities + Long-Term Debt
Total Liabilities = $1,430 + $4,140 = $5,570
Shareholders' Equity = Total Assets - Total Liabilities
Shareholders' Equity = $13,230 - $5,570 = $7,660
Therefore, the value of the shareholders' equity account for Bing, Incorporated is $7,660.
To calculate the net working capital, we subtract the current liabilities from the current assets:
Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities
Net Working Capital = $2,330 - $1,430 = $900
Therefore, the net working capital for Bing, Incorporated is $900.
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