After moving 14 units to the north and 70° to the east from the starting position 57'S, 156°E, the new geographical coordinates are 43'S, 226°E. To determine the new geographical coordinates, we need to consider the movements in both latitude and longitude directions.
Latitude: Starting from 57'S, we move 14 units to the north. Since 1 degree of latitude corresponds to approximately 111 km, moving 14 units north is equivalent to 14 * 111 km = 1,554 km. As we are moving north, the latitude value decreases. Therefore, the new latitude coordinate is 57'S - 1,554 km, which is 43'S.
Longitude: Moving 70° to the east from 156°E, we add 70° to the initial longitude. As each degree of longitude corresponds to approximately 111 km at the equator, moving 70° to the east corresponds to 70 * 111 km = 7,770 km. Since we are moving to the east, the longitude value increases. Therefore, the new longitude coordinate is 156°E + 7,770 km. However, it's important to note that the distance covered in longitude depends on the latitude. At higher latitudes, the distance covered per degree of longitude decreases. In this case, without additional information about the location's latitude, we assume a constant conversion factor of 111 km per degree.
Thus, combining the new latitude and longitude coordinates, we have 43'S, 226°E as the new geographical coordinates after moving 14 units to the north and 70° to the east from the starting position 57'S, 156°E.
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A sample of lead has a mass of 36 kg and a density of 11.3 x 103 kg/mº at 0 degree Celcius. Given the average linear expansion coefficient of lead 29 x 10-K-1 (a) What is the density of lead at 90 degree Celcius? (in SI units) (b) What is the mass of the sample of lead at 90 degree Celcius? (in Sl units)
a. The density of lead at 90 degrees Celsius in SI units is [tex]36 kg / (V0 + (36 kg / (11.3 x 10^3 kg/m³) * (29 x 10^-6 K^-1) * 363.15 K)[/tex]
b. Mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius is ρ * (V0 + ΔV)
To solve this problem, we can use the formula for volumetric expansion to find the new density and mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius.
(a) Density of lead at 90 degrees Celsius:
The formula for volumetric expansion is:
[tex]ΔV = V0 * β * ΔT[/tex]
where ΔV is the change in volume, V0 is the initial volume, β is the coefficient of linear expansion, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
We can rearrange the formula to solve for the change in volume:
[tex]ΔV = V0 * β * ΔT[/tex]
[tex]ΔV = (m / ρ0) * β * ΔT[/tex]
where m is the mass of the sample and ρ0 is the initial density.
The new volume V is given by:
[tex]V = V0 + ΔV[/tex]
The new density ρ can be calculated as:
ρ = m / V
Substituting the expression for ΔV:
[tex]ρ = m / (V0 + (m / ρ0) * β * ΔT)[/tex]
m = 36 kg
[tex]ρ0 = 11.3 x 10^3 kg/m³[/tex]
[tex]β = 29 x 10^-6 K^-1[/tex]
[tex]ΔT = (90 - 0) = 90 degrees Celsius[/tex]
Converting ΔT to Kelvin:
[tex]ΔT = 90 + 273.15 = 363.15 K[/tex]
Substituting the values:
[tex]ρ = 36 kg / (V0 + (36 kg / (11.3 x 10^3 kg/m³) * (29 x 10^-6 K^-1) * 363.15 K)[/tex]
Calculating this expression will give us the density of lead at 90 degrees Celsius in SI units.
(b) Mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius:
To find the mass at 90 degrees Celsius, we can use the equation:
[tex]m = ρ * V[/tex]
Substituting the values:
[tex]m = ρ * (V0 + ΔV)[/tex]
We already calculated ρ and ΔV in part (a).
Calculating this expression will give us the mass of the lead sample at 90 degrees Celsius in SI units.
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a) Show, starting with the First Law of Thermodynamics for a closed system, that, at constant pressure, the following form of the First Law is applicable to a closed system, AH=QH-W₂ where AH is the enthalpy change, QH is the heat energy supplied to the system and W, is the non-pV work done by the system. [20%] (b) A piston/cylinder system contains 10 kg of a wet steam mixture with a quality of 10.5% at a pressure of 5.00 bar. Using the following extract from steam Tables determine the specific enthalpy of the wet steam mixture in the system. [20%] (c) If 21.52 MJ is added as heat, and the pressure within the piston remains at 5.00 bar, what will be the final state of the system, i.e. what is the final temperature and what phase(s) will be present? [30%] (d) What are the volumes occupied by steam/water mixture described in (b), and the final volume of the system after the 21.52 MJ of heat has been added? [10%] (e) Determine the amount of pV work done by the system using (i) the volume change in the system and (ii) the internal energy change for the system. [20%]
The question involves deriving the First Law equation, determining specific enthalpy of a wet steam mixture, finding the final state of the system, calculating volumes and pV work, assessing thermodynamic principles and properties in a closed system.
What topics and calculations are involved in the given question related to the First Law of Thermodynamics, wet steam mixture, system states, and volume changes?The given question focuses on the application of the First Law of Thermodynamics for a closed system and involves various calculations related to enthalpy, heat energy, work, specific enthalpy, system states, and volume changes.
(a) In part (a), the derivation of the First Law of Thermodynamics at constant pressure is requested, showing the relationship AH = QH - W₂, where AH represents the enthalpy change, QH is the supplied heat energy, and W₂ is the non-pV work done by the system.
(b) In part (b), the specific enthalpy of a wet steam mixture is to be determined based on the provided information from steam tables.
(c) Part (c) involves determining the final state of the system, including the final temperature and the phases present, when a specific amount of heat is added while maintaining constant pressure.
(d) The volumes occupied by the initial steam/water mixture described in part (b) and the final volume of the system after the heat addition are requested in part (d).
(e) Part (e) requires the calculation of the pV work done by the system using two different approaches: the volume change in the system and the change in internal energy for the system.
Overall, the question assesses the understanding and application of thermodynamic principles and properties to analyze and solve problems related to energy, heat transfer, work, and system states in a closed system.
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5/ When measuring the value of the voltage drop on a resistor whose value is 100, it was found that the value of the voltage 50v, what is the value of the current flowing through the resistor?
6/ When measuring the value of the voltage drop on a resistor whose value is 100, it was found that the value of the voltage 50v, what is the value of the current flowing through the resistor?
7/ Calculate the electrical resistance of an aluminum tube of length 20 cm and cross-sectional area of 10-4 m2. Then calculate the electrical resistance of a glass tube of the same dimensions?
8/ A copper wire of length 1.5 m and cross-sectional area of0.6 mm2 has a voltage of 0.9 V. Calculate the current through the wire.?
The value of the current flowing through the resistor is 0.5 Amperes. We can use Ohm's Law. The electrical resistance of the aluminum tube is approximately 5.64 x 10^-4 Ω. The current through the copper wire is approximately 0.212 Amperes.
5/ To calculate the current flowing through a resistor, we can use Ohm's Law, which states that the current (I) flowing through a resistor is equal to the voltage (V) across the resistor divided by the resistance (R) of the resistor.
Given that the voltage drop across the resistor is 50 V and the resistance of the resistor is 100 Ω, we can calculate the current as:
I = V / R
I = 50 V / 100 Ω
I = 0.5 A
Therefore, the value of the current flowing through the resistor is 0.5 Amperes.
6/ It seems that the question in number 6 is the same as the one in number 5. The value of the current flowing through the resistor is 0.5 Amperes.
7/ The electrical resistance of a cylindrical conductor can be calculated using the formula:
R = (ρ * L) / A
Where R is the resistance, ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the length of the conductor, and A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor.
For an aluminum tube with a length of 20 cm (0.2 m) and a cross-sectional area of 10^-4 m^2, the resistivity of aluminum is approximately 2.82 x 10^-8 Ω·m. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
R = (2.82 x 10^-8 Ω·m * 0.2 m) / 10^-4 m^2
R = 5.64 x 10^-4 Ω
Therefore, the electrical resistance of the aluminum tube is approximately 5.64 x 10^-4 Ω.
For the glass tube with the same dimensions, we would need to know the resistivity of the glass to calculate its resistance. Different materials have different resistivities, so the resistivity of glass would determine its electrical resistance.
8/ To calculate the current through a wire, we can again use Ohm's Law. The formula is:
I = V / R
Given that the length of the copper wire is 1.5 m, the cross-sectional area is 0.6 mm^2 (or 6 x 10^-7 m^2), and the voltage is 0.9 V, we can calculate the current as:
I = 0.9 V / R
To determine the resistance (R), we need to use the formula:
R = (ρ * L) / A
For copper, the resistivity (ρ) is approximately 1.7 x 10^-8 Ω·m.
Plugging in the values, we get:
R = (1.7 x 10^-8 Ω·m * 1.5 m) / 6 x 10^-7 m^2
R = 4.25 Ω
Now we can calculate the current:
I = 0.9 V / 4.25 Ω
I ≈ 0.212 A
Therefore, the current through the copper wire is approximately 0.212 Amperes.
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A horizontal beam of laser light of wavelength
574 nm passes through a narrow slit that has width 0.0610 mm. The intensity of the light is measured
on a vertical screen that is 2.00 m from the slit.
What is the minimum uncertainty in the vertical component of the momentum of each photon in the beam
after the photon has passed through the slit?
The minimum uncertainty in the vertical component of the momentum of each photon after passing through the slit is approximately[tex]5.45 * 10^{(-28)} kg m/s.[/tex]
We can use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The uncertainty principle states that the product of the uncertainties in position and momentum of a particle is greater than or equal to Planck's constant divided by 4π.
The formula for the uncertainty principle is given by:
Δx * Δp ≥ h / (4π)
where:
Δx is the uncertainty in position
Δp is the uncertainty in momentum
h is Planck's constant [tex](6.62607015 * 10^{(-34)} Js)[/tex]
In this case, we want to find the uncertainty in momentum (Δp). We know the wavelength of the laser light (λ) and the width of the slit (d). The uncertainty in position (Δx) can be taken as half of the width of the slit (d/2).
Given:
Wavelength (λ) = 574 nm = [tex]574 *10^{(-9)} m[/tex]
Slit width (d) = 0.0610 mm = [tex]0.0610 * 10^{(-3)} m[/tex]
Distance to the screen (L) = 2.00 m
We can find the uncertainty in position (Δx) as:
Δx = d / 2 = [tex]0.0610 * 10^{(-3)} m / 2[/tex]
Next, we can calculate the uncertainty in momentum (Δp) using the uncertainty principle equation:
Δp = h / (4π * Δx)
Substituting the values, we get:
Δp = [tex](6.62607015 * 10^{(-34)} Js) / (4\pi * 0.0610 * 10^{(-3)} m / 2)[/tex]
Simplifying the expression:
Δp = [tex](6.62607015 * 10^{(-34)} Js) / (2\pi * 0.0610 * 10^{(-3)} m)[/tex]
Calculating Δp:
Δp ≈ [tex]5.45 * 10^{(-28)} kg m/s.[/tex]
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62. Motion of an object is described by the formula y=+*+ 10t+50, where y (m) is the trajectory in time t(s). Calculate its velocity after 10 seconds of its motion. 1) 10 m.si 2) 30 m.s! 3) 50 m.s 4) 15 m.si 5) 20 m.s? 63. Light beam is partly reflected and partly transmitted on the water - air boundary. There is a right angle between reflected and transmitted light beam. What is the angle of the reflected beam? 1) 0.269 rad 2) 0.345 rad 3) 0.926 rad 4) 0.692 rad 5) 0.555 rad
The velocity of the object after 10 seconds is -70 m/s. The angle of reflection depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the media involved (in this case, water and air). Without the necessary information, we cannot determine the exact angle of the reflected beam.
To calculate the velocity of the object after 10 seconds, we need to find the derivative of the position function with respect to time.
Given: y = -4t² + 10t + 50
Taking the derivative of y with respect to t:
dy/dt = -8t + 10
Now we can substitute t = 10 into the derivative to find the velocity at t = 10 seconds:
dy/dt = -8(10) + 10
= -80 + 10
= -70 m/s
Therefore, the velocity of the object after 10 seconds is -70 m/s.
For the second part of your question about the angle of the reflected light beam, more information is needed. The angle of reflection depends on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the media involved (in this case, water and air). Without the necessary information, we cannot determine the exact angle of the reflected beam.
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0) 1. А 3 kg box is launched by a spring with a spring constant of 200 N/m so the box slides up a rough curved ramp. The spring is compressed 65.9 cm and the box dissipates 12.25 J of energy. a) [5 pts) Determine how/fast the box is traveling the moment it leaves the spring.(before the energy is dissipated). -3 0 (0) b) (5 pts) Determine how high up the ramp the box will travel.
The need to consider the conservation of mechanical energy. Initially, all the energy is stored in the spring as potential energy, and when the box leaves the spring, it converts into kinetic energy.
The box will travel approximately 2.97 meters up the ramp. a) To find the velocity of the box as it leaves the spring, we can use the conservation of mechanical energy.
The initial potential energy stored in the spring is equal to the final kinetic energy of the box.
Initial potential energy (Uspring) = Final kinetic energy (Kfinal)
Uspring = Kfinal
The potential energy stored in the spring is given by the equation:
Uspring = (1/2)kx^2
where k is the spring constant and x is the compression of the spring
Uspring = (1/2)kx^2
Uspring = (1/2)(200 N/m)(0.659 m)^2
Uspring = 43.837 J
v = sqrt((2 * Uspring) / m)
v = sqrt((2 * 43.837 J) / 3 kg)
v ≈ 7.82 m/s
Therefore, the box is traveling at approximately 7.82 m/s the moment it leaves the spring.
b) To determine how high up the ramp the box will travel, we need to consider the work done against friction. The work done against friction is equal to the energy dissipated:
Work against friction = Energy dissipated
The force of friction can be calculated using the equation:
Force of friction = μ * m * g
The initial kinetic energy is given by:
Kinitial = (1/2)mv^2
The final potential energy is given by:
Ufinal = m * g * h
h = (Kinitial + Work against friction) / (m * g)
h = ((1/2) * 3 kg * (7.82 m/s)^2 + 12.25 J) / (3 kg * 9.8 m/s^2)
h ≈ 2.97 m
Therefore, the box will travel approximately 2.97 meters up the ramp.
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D Question 10 The self-inductance of a solenoid increases under which of the following conditions? Only the cross sectional area is decreased. Only the number of coils per unit length is decreased. Only the number of coils is increased. Only the solenoid length is increased. 1 pts
The self-inductance of a solenoid increases under the following conditions:
Increasing the number of turns
Increasing the length of the solenoid
Decreasing the cross-sectional area of the solenoid
Self-inductance is the property of an inductor that resists changes in current flowing through it. It is measured in henries.
The self-inductance of a solenoid can be increased by increasing the number of turns, increasing the length of the solenoid, or decreasing the cross-sectional area of the solenoid.
The number of turns in a solenoid determines the amount of magnetic flux produced when a current flows through it. The longer the solenoid, the more magnetic flux is produced.
The smaller the cross-sectional area of the solenoid, the more concentrated the magnetic flux is.
The greater the magnetic flux, the greater the self-inductance of the solenoid.
Here is a table that summarizes the conditions under which the self-inductance of a solenoid increases:
Condition Increases self-inductance
Number of turns Yes
Length Yes
Cross-sectional area No
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A siren sound with a constant frequency is emitted from a position A and a detector B is passing near the position A with a speed . The detector B moves in a straight path with a normal distance ℎ from the position A. Find the frequency ′ that the detector B hears, as a function of the position of the detector B
Frequency is a fundamental concept in physics and refers to the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. The frequency ′ that detector B hears, as a function of the position of the detector B is :
[tex]f' = (v + vB * cos(\theta)) / (v + vs) * f[/tex]
In the context of sound, frequency is associated with the pitch of a sound. Higher frequencies correspond to higher-pitched sounds, while lower frequencies correspond to lower-pitched sounds. For example, a high-pitched whistle has a higher frequency than a low-pitched drumbeat.
In the context of electromagnetic waves, such as light or radio waves, frequency is related to the energy and color of the wave. Higher frequencies are associated with shorter wavelengths and higher energy, while lower frequencies are associated with longer wavelengths and lower energy. For example, blue light has a higher frequency and shorter wavelength compared to red light.
The frequency ′ that detector B hears, denoted as f', can be determined using the Doppler effect equation for sound waves:
[tex]f' = (v + vd) / (v + vs) * f[/tex]
where:
f is the frequency of the siren at position A,
v is the speed of sound in air,
vd is the velocity of the detector B relative to the air (towards the source if positive, away from the source if negative),
vs is the velocity of the source (siren) relative to the air (towards the detector B if positive, away from the detector B if negative).
Since detector B moves in a straight path with a normal distance ℎ from position A, we can assume that the velocity of detector B relative to the air (vd) is perpendicular to the velocity of the source (vs) relative to the air. Therefore, the value of vd is equal to the horizontal component of the velocity of the detector B.
If the speed of the detector B is given as vB, and the angle between detector B's velocity vector and the line connecting A and B is θ, then the horizontal component of the velocity of the detector B can be expressed as:
[tex]vd = vB * cos(\theta)[/tex]
Substituting this value into the Doppler effect equation, we get:
[tex]f' = (v + vB * cos(\theta)) / (v + vs) * f[/tex]
This equation gives the frequency ′ that detector B hears as a function of the position of detector B, represented by the angle θ, and other relevant parameters such as the speed of sound v and the speed of the siren vs.
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In a series circuit, several components are placed, including; a resistor with R= 5.0 , Pure inductor with L = 0.20-H, and capacitor with C = 40μF. This series in connect to a power supply (30V, 1600 Hz).
a. Illustrate a picture with the correct component symbols, and calculate:
b. Current in the circuit
c. Phase angle between voltage and current
d. Power loss (power loss in the circuit, and
e. The voltage that passes through each component in the circuit when measured
using a voltmeter.
(a) The correct component symbols for a series circuit are: resistor (zigzag line), inductor (coil or loops), capacitor (parallel lines with a space), and power supply (long line with plus/minus sign).
(b) The current in the circuit can be calculated by dividing the voltage by the total impedance (sum of resistive and reactive components).
(c) The phase angle between voltage and current depends on the relationship between inductive and capacitive reactances.
(d) Power loss can be determined by calculating the real power dissipated in the resistor (current squared times resistance).
(e) To measure voltage across each component, use a voltmeter connected in parallel to each component separately. Ensure the circuit is not powered during measurements.
a. Component symbols: Here is a diagram illustrating the correct component symbols for the given series circuit configuration:
[Insert a diagram showing the series circuit with resistor, inductor, capacitor, and power supply symbols]
b. Current in the circuit: To calculate the current in the circuit, we can use Ohm's Law and the concept of impedance. The total impedance (Z) of the circuit can be calculated as the sum of the resistive (R) and reactive (XL - XC) components. Then, the current (I) can be found by dividing the voltage (V) by the impedance (Z).
c. Phase angle between voltage and current: The phase angle (φ) between the voltage and current in the circuit can be determined by comparing the phase shifts caused by the inductive (XL) and capacitive (XC) elements. If XL > XC, the circuit is inductive, resulting in a positive phase angle. Conversely, if XC > XL, the circuit is capacitive, resulting in a negative phase angle. The phase angle can be calculated using trigonometric functions based on the values of XL, XC, and the total impedance (Z).
d. Power loss: The power loss in the circuit can be determined by calculating the real power (P) dissipated in the resistor. The real power can be obtained by multiplying the current (I) squared by the resistance (R). This represents the energy converted into heat or other non-useful forms within the resistor.
e. Voltage across each component: To measure the voltage across each component, a voltmeter can be connected in parallel to each component separately. The voltmeter will display the voltage drop across that particular component, allowing you to measure the voltage across the resistor, inductor, and capacitor individually. Ensure that the circuit is not powered during these measurements to avoid potential damage to the voltmeter.
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Why does tightening a string on a guitar or violin cause the frequency of the sound produced by that
string to increase?
AO Tightening the string increases the linear mass density.
BO Tightening the string decreases the wavelength of the string's vibration.
CO Tightening the string does not actually change the frequency.
DO Tightening the string increases the tension and therefore the wave speed and frequency of the vibration in
the string.
When a string is tightened on a guitar or violin, it increases the tension, linear mass density, wave speed and frequency of the vibration in the string. Therefore, option DO is the correct answer.
Vibration is an oscillating motion about an equilibrium point. A simple harmonic motion, like vibration, takes place when the motion is periodic and the restoring force is proportional to the displacement of the object from its equilibrium position. Frequency is defined as the number of cycles per unit time. It is typically measured in hertz (Hz), which is one cycle per second. The higher the frequency of a wave, the more compressed its waves are and the higher its pitch is. linear mass Density is the measure of mass per unit length. When the linear mass density is increased, the wave speed in the string increases, and its frequency also increases as frequency is directly proportional to the wave speed and inversely proportional to the wavelength. So, tightening a string on a guitar or violin causes an increase in tension, linear mass density, wave speed, and frequency of the vibration in the string.
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A
student wears contact lenses. The exact prescription for the
contact lenses should be -3.04 diopters. what is the farthest
distanct (far point) that she can see clearly without vision
correction?
Without vision correction, the student can see clearly up to 3.04 meters as her farthest distance. The farthest distance (far point) that a person with contact lenses can see clearly without vision correction is the focal point of the lens.
To determine the farthest distance (far point) that the student can see clearly without vision correction, we need to use the concept of focal length and the formula:
Far point distance = 1 / (focal length)
The focal length can be calculated using the formula:
Focal length = 1 / (diopters)
Given that the prescription for the contact lenses is -3.04 diopters, we can calculate the focal length as follows:
Focal length = 1 / (-3.04) ≈ -0.3289 meters (Note: Diopters have units of reciprocal meters)
To find the farthest distance, we can substitute the focal length into the formula:
Far point distance = 1 / (-0.3289) = -3.04 meters
However, distance cannot be negative, so we take the absolute value of the result:
Far point distance 3.04 meters
Therefore, without vision correction, the student can see clearly up to 3.04 meters as her farthest distance.
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Choir Togo resistors connected in parallel have an equivalent resistance of 13092. When they are connected in series, (5 marks) (b) A typical period for cooking a good Sunday lunch is about 3.5 hours when using a four plates stove that op erates at 12A and 250 v. If you buy 6000 kwh of energy with R150, what is the total cost of cooking Sunday lunches of the month (assume that a month has four Sundays). (5 marks) (c) A fuse in an electric circuit is a wire that is designed to melt, and thereby open the circuit, if the current exceeds a predetermined value. Suppose that the material to be used in a fuse melts when the current density rises to a magnitude of 440 A.cm? What diameter of cylindrical wire should be used to make a fuse that will limit the current to 0.50 A? (5 marks) (d) A proton travels through uniform magnetic and electric fields. The magnetic field is B = -2.5imT and at one instant the velocity of the proton is ý = 2000 m.s!. At that instant and in unit-vector notation, what is the net force acting on the proton if the electric fields is 4.0k N.C-1?
The total resistance is Req = 2R1 = 2 * 26184 = 52368 Ω
The total energy cost of cooking Sunday lunches in the month is R1.05.
the diameter of the cylindrical wire is approximately 2.12 mm.
(a) When resistors are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance (Req) is given by the inverse of the sum of the inverses of the individual resistances (R1 and R2). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/13092
Since R1 and R2 are identical resistors, we can simplify the equation to:
2/R1 = 1/13092
From this, we can solve for the individual resistance R1:
R1 = 2 * 13092 = 26184 Ω
When identical resistors are connected in series, the total resistance (Req) is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. In this case, since we have two identical resistors, the total resistance is:
Req = 2R1 = 2 * 26184 = 52368 Ω
(b). The power consumed by the stove is given by the product of current (I) and voltage (V). Therefore, the power (P) can be calculated as:
P = IV = 12 * 250 = 3000 W
Assuming the time taken to cook Sunday lunch is 3.5 hours, the energy consumed (E) in one Sunday is:
E = Pt = 3000 * 3.5 = 10500 Wh or 10.5 kWh
If 6000 kWh of energy is bought for R150, the energy cost per kWh is:
Cost per kWh = 150/6000 = 0.025
Hence, the energy cost of cooking on Sunday is:
Energy cost = E * Cost per kWh = 10.5 * 0.025 = 0.2625
The total energy cost of cooking on Sundays in the month (assuming 4 Sundays) is:
Total energy cost = 4 * 0.2625 = 1.05
Therefore, the total energy cost of cooking Sunday lunches in the month is R1.05.
(c) The current density (J) is given by the ratio of current (I) and cross-sectional area (A). Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
J = I/A
The area (A) of a wire is given by the formula A = πr^2, where r is the radius of the wire. Thus, the current density can be written as:
J = I/(πr^2)
To find the current density in Amperes per square meter (A/m^2), we need to convert from Amperes per square centimeter (A/cm^2). Given that the current density rises to 440 A/cm^2, we have:
J = 440 A/cm^2 = 440 * 10^4 A/m^2
The area of a wire of unit length (1 m) is given by πr^2. Therefore, we can rewrite the equation as:
440 * 10^4 A/m^2 = I/(πr^2)
Simplifying, we have:
πr^2 = I/(440 * 10^4 A/m^2) = 0.5/440
Solving for the radius (r), we find:
r = √(0.0011364/π) ≈ 1.06 × 10^-3 m or 1.06 mm
Therefore, the diameter of the cylindrical wire is approximately 2.12 mm.
(d) The force (F) experienced by a proton in a magnetic field is given by the formula F = qvB, where q is the charge of the proton, v is its velocity, and B is the magnetic field
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An airplane needs to reach a speed of 215 km/h to take off. On a
1738 m runway, what is the minimum acceleration (m/s2)
needed for the plane to take flight? Give your answer to two
decimal places.
The minimum acceleration needed for the plane to take flight is 1.45 m/s² (to 2 decimal places).
Given:To take off, an airplane needs to reach a speed of 215 km/h.
The runway available is 1738 m. To find:
Solution:Let's first convert the speed of 215 km/h to m/s.
1 km = 1000 m
∴ 215 km/h = (215 x 1000) / 3600 m/s
= 59.72 m/s
The equation of motion that relates speed, acceleration, and distance is:v² - u² = 2as
Here,
v = final velocity
u = initial velocity = 0
s = distance = 1738 m
Rearranging the equation, we get
a = (v² - u²) / 2s
Substituting the values,
a = (59.72² - 0²) / 2 x 1738
a = 1.45 m/s²
Therefore, the minimum acceleration needed for the plane to take flight is 1.45 m/s² (to 2 decimal places).
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(14.22) A 14.6 g wire of length 56.4 cm is suspended by a pair of flexible leads in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.369 T (see the figure). What is the (a) magnitude and (b) direction (left or right) of the current required to remove the tension in the supporting leads?
(a) The magnitude of the current required to remove the tension in the supporting leads is approximately 2.92 A.
(b) The direction of the current should be from right to left.
(a) We can use the equation that relates the magnetic force experienced by a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field to the length of the wire, the magnetic field strength, and the current flowing through the wire. The formula is given as F = BIL, where F is the force, B is the magnetic field strength, I is the current, and L is the length of the wire. In this case, we are looking for the current, so we can rearrange the formula as I = F / (BL). The tension in the supporting leads must be equal to the weight of the wire, which is given by the formula weight = mass × gravity. Plugging in the values and solving for the current, we find that the magnitude of the current required is approximately 2.92 A.
(b) The direction of the current can be determined using the right-hand rule. By convention, the direction of the magnetic field is into the page, and the force experienced by a current-carrying wire is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current. Applying the right-hand rule, with the thumb pointing in the direction of the magnetic field (into the page) and the fingers pointing in the direction of the current, we find that the current should flow from right to left in order to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
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QUESTION 3 For the following three measurements trials L1 L2 L3 Length (cm) 9.3 9.7 9.5 Calculate the absolute error (AL)? O 1.0.14 O 2.0.1 O 3.0.0 O 4.0.133 O 5.0.13
In order to calculate the absolute error (AL) for the given three measurements L1, L2, and L3 which are 9.3 cm, 9.7 cm, and 9.5 cm respectively,
we need to first calculate the average length and then find the difference of each measurement from the average length.
Then, the absolute error (AL) for each measurement is calculated by taking the absolute value of the difference between the measurement and the average length.
Finally, the average of these absolute errors is taken as the absolute error (AL).
Thus, the absolute error (AL) is given as:
AL = (|9.3 - 9.5| + |9.7 - 9.5| + |9.5 - 9.5|)/3
= (0.2 + 0.2 + 0)/3
= 0.13 cm
Therefore, the correct option is
5.0.13.
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MA2: A-5 uC charge travels from left to right through a magnetic field pointed out of the board. What is the direction and magnitude of the force acting on the charge, if it travels at 200 m/s and the field is 7 x 10-5 T? Sketch the scenario.
Given:
Charge q = +5 µC = 5 × 10⁻⁶ C
Velocity of charge, v = 200 m/s
Magnetic field strength, B = 7 × 10⁻⁵ T
Answer: The direction of the force acting on the charge is upwards and the magnitude of the force is 7 × 10⁻⁷ N.
To determine:
The direction and magnitude of the force acting on the charge.
Sketch the scenario using right-hand rule. The force acting on a moving charged particle in a magnetic field can be determined using the equation;
F = qvBsinθ
Where, q is the charge of the
is the velocity of the particle
B is the magnetic field strength
θ is the angle between the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field strength
In this problem, the magnetic field is pointing out of the board. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the velocity of the charge. Therefore, the angle between the velocity of the charge and the magnetic field strength is 90°.
sin90° = 1
Putting the values of q, v, B, and sinθ in the above equation,
F= 5 × 10⁻⁶ × 200 × 7 × 10⁻⁵ × 1
= 7 × 10⁻⁷ N
The direction of the force acting on the charge can be determined using the right-hand rule. The thumb, forefinger, and the middle finger should be placed perpendicular to each other in such a way that the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the thumb points in the direction of the velocity of the charged particle, and the middle finger will give the direction of the force acting on the charged particle.
As per the right-hand rule, the direction of the force is upwards. Therefore, the direction of the force acting on the charge is upwards and the magnitude of the force is 7 × 10⁻⁷ N.
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What is the density of a 5.00 kg solid cylinder that is 10.0 cm tall with a radius of 3cm? (in g/cm) Please type your answer to 3 sig figs
The density of the 5.00 kg solid cylinder rounded to 3 sig figure isis 17.7 g/cm³.
How do we calculate density of the solid cylinder?To calculate the density, we first convert the height and radius to meters.
Mass = 5.00 kg = 5000 g
Radius = 3 cm = 0.03 m
Height = 10 cm = 0.1 m
We solve for volume
Volume = πr²h = 3.14 × (0.03)² × 0.1 = 0.0002826
Then we solve for density
Density = Mass / Volume = 5000 g /0.0002826 m³ = 17692852.0878
To convert grams per cubic meter (g/m³) to grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), we need to divide the value by 1000000 since there are 1000000 cubic centimeters in a cubic meter.
17692852.0878 g/m³ / 1000000 = 17.6928520878 g/cm³
If we rounded to 3 sig figs, it becomes 17.7 g/cm³.
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An object is 30 cm in front of a converging lens with a focal length of 10 cm. Use ray tracing to determine the properties (location and nature) of the image. Draw your diagram with a ruler and to scale.
For an object positioned 30 cm from the lens and a lens with a focal length of 10 cm, the image is inverted, real, and located 15 cm away from the lens on the opposite side of the object.
The given details are:An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a converging lens that has a focal length of 10 cm. Let us try to solve the problem by using ray tracing. The process of ray tracing is a geometrical method for identifying the image position formed by a lens. It's also used to check the size and nature of the image.The following is the step-by-step ray tracing method:
1: Use a ruler and a pencil to draw a straight line on the optical axis. This represents the primary axis of the lens.
2: Draw the two focal points F1 and F2 on the axis with a ruler. For a converging lens, the focal point F1 is situated to the left of the lens. F2 is located on the right side of the lens. For a diverging lens, the opposite is true.
3: Draw an object, AB, located on the left of the lens and perpendicular to the optical axis. Draw an arrowhead to show the direction of light's travel.
4: Draw a straight line from the top of the object to the lens. This line, which starts at the top of the object, is the incident ray.
5: From the object's base, draw another straight line to the lens. This line, which originates at the object's base, is the principal axis.
6: Draw a line from the top of the object parallel to the principal axis, which intersects the incident ray as it passes through the lens. This line is the refracted ray.
7: Draw a line from the intersection point of the refracted ray and the principal axis to F2. This line represents the extended refracted ray.Step 8: Draw a dotted line from the top of the object through the lens and then to the other side of the lens, forming an image. The image will be inverted as per the laws of reflection and the properties of the lens.
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Match each description of property of a substance with the most appropriate of the three common states of matter. If the property may apply to more than one state of matter, match it to the choice that lists all states of matter that are appropriate. Some choices may go unused. Hint a ✓ Atoms and molecules in it are significantly attracted to neighboring atoms and molecules. can carry a sound wave takes on the shape of the container retains its own shape and size takes on the size of the container g f a f fis included as "fluids" a. solids b. solids and gases c. liquids d. gases e. solids and liquids f. liquids and gases g. solids, liquids, and gases
Atoms and molecules in it are significantly attracted to neighboring atoms and molecules. - a. solids ,Can carry a sound wave - c. liquids ,Takes on the shape of the container - f. liquids and gases ,Retains its own shape and size - a. solids, Takes on the size of the container - g. solids, liquids, and gases,The property of being a fluid is included as "fluids" - f. liquids and gases
Matching the descriptions with the appropriate states of matter:
Atoms and molecules in it are significantly attracted to neighboring atoms and molecules: a. solids
Can carry a sound wave: c. liquids
Takes on the shape of the container: f. liquids and gases
Retains its own shape and size: a. solids
Takes on the size of the container: g. solids, liquids, and gases
The property of being a fluid is included as "fluids": f. liquids and gases
The descriptions of properties of substances are matched with the most appropriate states of matter as follows:
Solids are characterized by significant attraction between atoms and molecules, retaining their own shape and size.
Liquids can carry a sound wave, take on the shape of the container, and are included in the category of fluids.
Gases take on the size of the container and are also included in the category of fluids.
Solids are characterized by significant attractions between atoms and molecules, and they retain their own shape and size. Liquids can carry sound waves, take on the size of the container, and are included in the category of fluids. Gases take on the shape of the container. Both solids and liquids can take on the size of the container.
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1. Please answer all parts of question one. a. What is the change in length of a 3.00-cm-long column of mercury if its temperature changes from 25.0∘C to 57.0∘C, assuming it is unconstrained lengthwise? (Use 60X 10−6/∘C as the coefficient of expansion of mercury. Be sure to include the correct sign with your answer.) b. How large an expansion gap should be left between steel railroad rails if they may reach a maximum temperature 38.5∘C greater than when they were laid? Their original length is 11.0 m. The coefficient of linear expansion for steel is 12×10−6/∘C.
(a) The change in length of a column of mercury can be calculated using the formula: ΔL = αLΔT,
where ΔL is the change in length, α is the Coefficient of expansion , L is the original length, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Given:
Original length (L) = 3.00 cm
Coefficient of expansion (α) = 60 × 10^-6/°C
Change in temperature (ΔT) = (57.0 - 25.0) °C = 32.0 °C
Substituting the values into the formula:
ΔL = (60 × 10^-6/°C) × (3.00 cm) × (32.0 °C)
Calculating:
ΔL ≈ 0.0576 cm (rounded to four significant figures)
b) The expansion gap between steel railroad rails can be calculated using the formula: ΔL = αLΔT,
where ΔL is the change in length, α is the coefficient of linear expansion, L is the original length, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Given:
Original length (L) = 11.0 m
Coefficient of linear expansion (α) = 12 × 10^-6/°C
Change in temperature (ΔT) = 38.5 °C
Substituting the values into the formula:
ΔL = (12 × 10^-6/°C) × (11.0 m) × (38.5 °C)
Calculating:
ΔL ≈ 0.00528 m (rounded to five significant figures)
Final Answer:
(a) The change in length of the column of mercury is approximately 0.0576 cm.
(b) An expansion gap of approximately 0.00528 m should be left between the steel railroad rails.
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A 2000 picoFarad capacitor is in series with a 3 milliHenry solenoid and a 170 Ohm resistor, and driven by an AC source with a maximum voltage of 6 V and a frequency of 3000 Hz. What's the frequency of the source in radians per second? What's the resonant frequency of the circuit in radians per second? What's the inductive reactance of the circuit? What's the capacitive reactance of the circuit? What's the impedance of the circuit?
The impedance of the circuit is approximately 13.68 kΩ.
To calculate the frequency of the source in radians per second, we can use the formula:
ω = 2πf
where ω is the angular frequency in radians per second and f is the frequency in hertz.
Given that the frequency is 3000 Hz, we can calculate the angular frequency as follows:
ω = 2π * 3000 Hz
= 6000π rad/s
Therefore, the frequency of the source in radians per second is 6000π rad/s.
To calculate the resonant frequency of the circuit, we can use the formula:
f_res = 1 / (2π√(LC))
where f_res is the resonant frequency, L is the inductance, and C is the capacitance.
Given that the capacitance is 2000 pF (picoFarad) and the inductance is 3 mH (milliHenry), we need to convert the units to Farads and Henrys respectively:
C = 2000 pF = 2000 * 10^(-12) F
L = 3 mH = 3 * 10^(-3) H
Now we can calculate the resonant frequency:
f_res = 1 / (2π√(3 * 10^(-3) * 2000 * 10^(-12)))
≈ 212.20 kHz
Therefore, the resonant frequency of the circuit is approximately 212.20 kHz.
The inductive reactance (XL) of the circuit is given by the formula:
XL = ωL
where XL is the inductive reactance, ω is the angular frequency, and L is the inductance.
Given that the inductance is 3 mH and the angular frequency is 6000π rad/s, we can calculate the inductive reactance:
XL = (6000π rad/s) * (3 * 10^(-3) H)
≈ 56.55 Ω
Therefore, the inductive reactance of the circuit is approximately 56.55 Ω.
The capacitive reactance (XC) of the circuit is given by the formula:
XC = 1 / (ωC)
where XC is the capacitive reactance, ω is the angular frequency, and C is the capacitance.
Given that the capacitance is 2000 pF and the angular frequency is 6000π rad/s, we can calculate the capacitive reactance:
XC = 1 / ((6000π rad/s) * (2000 * 10^(-12) F))
≈ 26.53 kΩ
Therefore, the capacitive reactance of the circuit is approximately 26.53 kΩ.
The impedance (Z) of the circuit is given by the formula:
Z = √(R^2 + (XL - XC)^2)
where Z is the impedance, R is the resistance, XL is the inductive reactance, and XC is the capacitive reactance.
Given that the resistance is 170 Ω, the inductive reactance is 56.55 Ω, and the capacitive reactance is 26.53 kΩ, we can calculate the impedance:
Z = √((170 Ω)^2 + (56.55 Ω - 26.53 kΩ)^2)
≈ 13.68 kΩ
Therefore, the impedance of the circuit is approximately 13.68 kΩ.
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> Question Completion Status: Find the equivalent resistance (in 2) between point a and b if R= 12 22. R O 21 07 OO 15 13 10 5 202 wwwwww 1Ω www 19 www Moving to another question will run this room
The equivalent resistance between points A and B in the given circuit is approximately 1.72Ω.
Thank you for providing the image. I'll analyze it to find the equivalent resistance between points A and B.
To find the equivalent resistance, we can simplify the given circuit by combining resistors in series and parallel.
Starting from the left side of the circuit:
1. The 12Ω resistor and the 22Ω resistor are in series. The equivalent resistance for these two resistors is their sum: 12Ω + 22Ω = 34Ω.
Now, we have the following circuit configuration:
```
_______
| |
| 34 Ω |
_|_______|_
| | |
| R | R |
| 21 | 7 |
|_____|_____|
| |
_| |_
| |
| 15 |
| Ω |
|_____|
|
_|_
| |
| R |
| 10 |
| Ω |
|___|
|
_|_
| |
| R |
| 5 |
| Ω |
|___|
|
|
_|_
| |
| R |
| 2 |
| Ω |
|___|
|
|
_|_
| |
| R |
| 1 |
| Ω |
|___|
|
B
```
2. The 34Ω resistor and the 21Ω resistor are in parallel. The formula to calculate the equivalent resistance for two resistors in parallel is:
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2
Applying this formula:
1/Req = 1/34Ω + 1/21Ω
1/Req = (21 + 34) / (34 * 21)
1/Req = 55 / 714
Req ≈ 12.98Ω (rounded to two decimal places)
3. Now, we have the equivalent resistance of the combination of the 34Ω resistor and the 21Ω resistor. This is in series with the 15Ω resistor:
Req = 12.98Ω + 15Ω
Req ≈ 27.98Ω (rounded to two decimal places)
4. Continuing, the equivalent resistance of the 27.98Ω combination is in parallel with the 10Ω resistor:
1/Req = 1/27.98Ω + 1/10Ω
1/Req = (10 + 27.98) / (27.98 * 10)
1/Req = 37.98 / 279.8
Req ≈ 7.37Ω (rounded to two decimal places)
5. The 7.37Ω equivalent resistance is then in series with the 5Ω resistor:
Req = 7.37Ω + 5Ω
Req ≈ 12.37Ω (rounded to two decimal places)
6. Finally, the 12.37Ω equivalent resistance is in parallel with the 2Ω resistor:
1/Req = 1/12.37Ω + 1/2Ω
1/Req = (2 + 12.37) / (12.37 * 2)
1/Req = 14.37 / 24.74
Req ≈ 1.72Ω (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the equivalent resistance is approximately 1.72Ω.
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Which of the following is/are true about the tires?
(A) The direction of the frictional force acting on the front tire and the rear tire of a bicycle is opposite when the bicycle is accelerating along a straight line;
(B) Given two tires which have the same contact surface area on the road and are made of the same material. In dry weather, the one with tread has better traction on the road than that of the one without tread
(C) The directional tires perform better than the non-directional tines in wed weather;
(D) Both (A) and (C).
Tread patterns on tires, the frictional force on the rear tire is in the backward direction, providing the necessary traction for the bicycle to move forward. And directional tires, designed with specific tread patterns to channel water away from the center of the tire, perform better than non-directional tires in wet weather.
Statement (A) is true. When a bicycle is accelerating along a straight line, the frictional force acting on the front tire is in the forward direction, opposite to the direction of motion.
Statement (B) is true. Tires with tread patterns provide better traction on the road in dry weather compared to tires without tread. The tread patterns help to increase the surface area of contact between the tire and the road, improving grip and reducing the likelihood of slipping.
Statement (C) is also true. The directional tread patterns enhance water dispersion, reducing the risk of hydroplaning and improving traction on wet surfaces.
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) Both (A) and (C) are true.
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(Figure 1) shows the acceleration-versus-time graph of a particle moving along the z-axis. Its initial velocity is -7.0 m/natto -08. Figure 1 of 1 a, (m/s²) 2 Fo L4 -1 (s) Part A What is the particle's velocity at t-4.087 Express your answer with the appropriate units. 4 ? m UN Value S You have already submitted this answer. Enter a new answer. No credit lost. Try again. Submit Previous Answers Request Answer Provide Feedback
Part AThe velocity of the particle can be found by integrating the acceleration-versus-time graph of a particle moving along the z-axis, as shown in the figure. The equation for velocity can be written as v = v0 + at where, v 0 = initial velocity a = acceleration t = timeThe slope of the acceleration-time graph gives the acceleration of the particle at any given time.
Using the values given in the graph, the acceleration of the particle at time t = 4.087 seconds is approximately -2.8 m/s².The initial velocity of the particle is -7.0 x 10⁻⁸ m/s.The time interval between the initial time and time t = 4.087 seconds is 4.087 seconds.
The acceleration of the particle is -2.8 m/s². Substituting these values in the equation,v = v0 + atwe getv = -7.0 x 10⁻⁸ m/s + (-2.8 m/s² x 4.087 s)v = -7.0 x 10⁻⁸ m/s - 1.1416 x 10⁻⁷ m/sv = -1.842 x 10⁻⁷ m/sTherefore, the velocity of the particle at t = 4.087 seconds is -1.842 x 10⁻⁷ m/s. The answer is -1.842 x 10⁻⁷ m/s.I hope this is a long enough answer for you!
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1. Two waves meet at a time when one has the instantaneous amplitude A and the other has the instantaneous amplitude B. Their combined amplitude at this time is:
a. A +B
b. indeterminate
c. between A +B and A- B
d. A - B
2. A pure musical tone causes a thin wooden panel to vibrate. This is an example of:
a. an overtone
b. interference
c harmonics
d. resonance
3. The sound of a starting pistol can be heard easily from a distance of 800.0 m but the smoke can be seen much sooner than the sound is perceived. Why is the smoke seen before the sound is heard? What is the speed of sound if the air temperature is 15 °C?
4. While relaxing at a wave pool after a physics test, you notice the wave machine making 12 waves in 40 s and the wave crests are 3.6 metres apart.
a) Determine the velocity that the waves must be traveling. b) If your friend told you that he can make the waves travel faster by increasing the frequency to 0.5 waves per second would you agree? Explain. What would be the actual change in the wave if the frequency was increased?
The correct answer is c. between A + B and A - B. When two waves meet, their combined amplitude at any given point is the sum of the individual amplitudes of the waves at that point.
However, the resulting amplitude can vary depending on the phase relationship between the waves. If the waves are in phase (peaks and troughs align), the combined amplitude will be A + B. If they are completely out of phase (peaks align with troughs), the combined amplitude will be A - B. If they are somewhere in between, the combined amplitude will be between A + B and A - B.
The correct answer is d. resonance. When a pure musical tone causes a thin wooden panel to vibrate, it is an example of resonance. Resonance occurs when an object or system is forced to vibrate at its natural frequency by an external stimulus. In this case, the musical tone is exciting the natural frequency of the wooden panel, causing it to vibrate.
Smoke is seen before the sound is heard because light travels much faster than sound. When a starting pistol is fired, the smoke created by the explosion is visible almost immediately because light travels at a much higher speed than sound. Sound, on the other hand, travels at a slower speed. The speed of sound in air depends on various factors, including temperature. At 15 °C, the speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second.
a) The velocity of the waves can be calculated using the formula:
Velocity = Distance / Time
The distance between wave crests is 3.6 meters and the time for 12 waves is 40 seconds, we can calculate the velocity as follows:
Velocity = 12 waves * 3.6 meters / 40 seconds = 1.08 m/s
b) Increasing the frequency to 0.5 waves per second would not make the waves travel faster. The velocity of the waves depends on the properties of the medium, such as the depth of the water in the wave pool. Changing the frequency does not alter the speed of the waves. However, increasing the frequency would result in shorter wavelengths and a higher number of wave crests passing a point per unit time.
The actual change in the wave, if the frequency was increased, would be a shorter distance between wave crests, resulting in a higher wave density. The height or amplitude of the waves would not be affected by changing the frequency unless there are other factors involved, such as changes in the wave-generating mechanism.
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You illuminate a slit with a width of 75.1 μm75.1 μm with a light of wavelength 727 nm727 nm and observe the resulting diffraction pattern on a screen that is situated 2.23 m2.23 m from the slit. What is the width, in centimeters, of the pattern's central maximum?
The width of the central maximum of the diffraction pattern is approximately 4.82 cm.
The width of the central maximum of a diffraction pattern can be determined using the formula:
w = (λ * D) / d
where:
w is the width of the central maximum,
λ is the wavelength of light,
D is the distance between the slit and the screen, and
d is the width of the slit.
In this case, the width of the slit is given as 75.1 μm (or 75.1 × 10^(-6) m) and the wavelength of light is 727 nm (or 727 × 10^(-9) m). The distance between the slit and the screen is 2.23 m.
Substituting these values into the formula:
w = (727 × 10^(-9) m * 2.23 m) / (75.1 × 10^(-6) m)
Simplifying the expression:
w = (1.62 × 10^(-6) m * 2.23 m) / (75.1 × 10^(-6) m)
≈ 0.0482 m
Converting the width to centimeters:
w ≈ 0.0482 m * 100 cm/m
≈ 4.82 cm
Therefore, the width of the central maximum of the diffraction pattern is approximately 4.82 centimeters.
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A computer uses 3. 5A at 110V what is the resistance and ohms
To calculate the resistance of the computer, we can use Ohm's law:
V = IR
where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance.
In this case, the voltage is 110V and the current is 3.5A. Substituting these values into the equation gives:
110V = 3.5A * R
Solving for R, we get:
R = 110V / 3.5A
R ≈ 31.43 Ω
Therefore, the resistance of the computer is approximately 31.43 ohms (Ω).
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Learning Goal: What is the LONGEST EMITTED wavelength? The Hydrogen Spectrum Express your answer in nanometers (nm),1 nm=10−9 m. Keep 1 digit after the decimal point. Electrons in hydrogen atoms are in the n=4 state (orbit). They can jump up to higher orbits or down to lower orbits. The numerical value of the Rydberg constant (determined from measurements of wavelengths) is R=1.097×107 m−1 Planck's constant is h=6.626×10−34 J⋅s, the speed of light in a vacuum is c=3×108 m/s. - Part B What is the energy of the Emitted photon with the LONGEST wavelength? The photon energy should always be reported as positive. Express your answer in eV,1eV=1.6∧10−19 J. Keep 4 digits after the decimal point. What is the energy of the Emitted photon with the LONGEST wavelength? The photon energy should always be reported as positive. Express your answer in eV,1eV=1.6∗10−19 J. Keep 4 digits after the decimal point. Part C What is the SHORTEST ABSORBED wavelength? Express your answer in nanometers (nm),1 nm=10−9 m. Keep 1 digit after the decimal point.
PART A: The longest wavelength emitted by hydrogen in the n=4 state is 364.6 nm.
PART B: The energy of the photon with the longest wavelength is 1.710 eV.
PART C: The shortest absorbed wavelength is 91.2 nm.
Explanation:
PART A:
To determine the longest wavelength emitted by hydrogen in the n=4 state, we need to use the formula given by the Rydberg equation:
1/λ=R(1/4−1/n²),
where R is the Rydberg constant (1.097×107 m−1)
n is the principal quantum number of the initial state (n=4).
Since we are interested in the longest wavelength, we need to find the value of λ for which 1/λ is minimized.
The minimum value of 1/λ occurs when n=∞, which corresponds to the Lyman limit.
Thus, we can substitute n=∞ into the Rydberg equation and solve for λ:
1/λ=R(1/4−1/∞²)
=R/4
λ=4/R
=364.6 nm
Therefore, the longest wavelength emitted by hydrogen in the n=4 state is 364.6 nm.
Part B:
The energy of a photon can be calculated from its wavelength using the formula:
E=hc/λ,
where h is Planck's constant (6.626×10−34 J⋅s)
c is the speed of light (3×108 m/s).
To determine the energy of the photon with the longest wavelength, we can substitute the value of λ=364.6 nm into the formula:
E=hc/λ
=(6.626×10−34 J⋅s)(3×108 m/s)/(364.6 nm)(1 m/1×10⁹ nm)
=1.710 eV
Therefore, the energy of the photon with the longest wavelength is 1.710 eV.
Part C:
The shortest absorbed wavelength can be found by considering transitions from the ground state (n=1) to the n=∞ state.
The energy required for such a transition is equal to the energy difference between the two states, which can be calculated from the formula:
ΔE=E∞−E1
=hcR(1/1²−1/∞²)
=hcR
=2.18×10−18 J
Substituting this value into the formula for the energy of a photon, we get:
E=hc/λ
=2.18×10−18 J
=(6.626×10−34 J⋅s)(3×108 m/s)/(λ)(1 m/1×10^9 nm)
λ=91.2 nm
Therefore, the shortest absorbed wavelength is 91.2 nm.
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The shortest absorbed wavelength in the hydrogen spectrum is approximately 120.9 nm.
To determine the longest emitted wavelength in the hydrogen spectrum, we can use the Rydberg formula:
1/λ = R * (1/n_f^2 - 1/n_i^2)
Where:
λ is the wavelength of the emitted photon
R is the Rydberg constant
n_f and n_i are the final and initial quantum numbers, respectively
Given:
Rydberg constant, R = 1.097 × 10^7 m^(-1)
Initial quantum number, n_i = 4
Final quantum number, n_f is not specified, so we need to find the value that corresponds to the longest wavelength.
To find the longest emitted wavelength, we need to determine the value of n_f that yields the largest value of 1/λ. This occurs when n_f approaches infinity.
Taking the limit as n_f approaches infinity, we have:
1/λ = R * (1/∞^2 - 1/4^2)
1/λ = R * (0 - 1/16)
1/λ = -R/16
Now, we can solve for λ:
λ = -16/R
Substituting the value of R, we get:
λ = -16/(1.097 × 10^7)
Calculating this, we find:
λ ≈ -1.459 × 10^(-8) m
To express the wavelength in nanometers, we convert meters to nanometers:
λ ≈ -1.459 × 10^(-8) × 10^9 nm
λ ≈ -1.459 × 10 nm
λ ≈ -14.6 nm (rounded to 1 decimal place)
Therefore, the longest emitted wavelength in the hydrogen spectrum is approximately -14.6 nm.
Moving on to Part B, we need to determine the energy of the emitted photon with the longest wavelength. The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation:
E = hc/λ
Where:
E is the energy of the photon
h is Planck's constant
c is the speed of light in a vacuum
λ is the wavelength
Given:
Planck's constant, h = 6.626 × 10^(-34) J·s
Speed of light in a vacuum, c = 3 × 10^8 m/s
Wavelength, λ = -14.6 nm
Converting the wavelength to meters:
λ = -14.6 × 10^(-9) m
Substituting the values into the equation, we have:
E = (6.626 × 10^(-34) J·s * 3 × 10^8 m/s) / (-14.6 × 10^(-9) m)
Calculating this, we find:
E ≈ -1.357 × 10^(-16) J
To express the energy in electron volts (eV), we can convert from joules to eV using the conversion factor:
1 eV = 1.6 × 10^(-19) J
Converting the energy, we get:
E ≈ (-1.357 × 10^(-16) J) / (1.6 × 10^(-19) J/eV)
Calculating this, we find:
E ≈ -8.4825 × 10^2 eV
Since the energy of a photon should always be positive, the absolute value of the calculated energy is:
E ≈ 8.4825 × 10^2 eV (rounded to 4 decimal places)
Therefore, the energy of the emitted photon with the longest wavelength is approximately 8.4825 × 10^2 eV.
Moving on to
Part C, we need to determine the shortest absorbed wavelength. For hydrogen, the shortest absorbed wavelength occurs when the electron transitions from the first excited state (n_i = 2) to the ground state (n_f = 1). Using the same Rydberg formula, we can calculate the wavelength:
1/λ = R * (1/1^2 - 1/2^2)
1/λ = R * (1 - 1/4)
1/λ = 3R/4
Solving for λ:
λ = 4/(3R)
Substituting the value of R, we get:
λ = 4/(3 * 1.097 × 10^7)
Calculating this, we find:
λ ≈ 1.209 × 10^(-7) m
Converting the wavelength to nanometers, we have:
λ ≈ 1.209 × 10^(-7) × 10^9 nm
λ ≈ 1.209 × 10^2 nm
Therefore, the shortest absorbed wavelength in the hydrogen spectrum is approximately 120.9 nm.
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A low orbit satellite is one whose orbital radius not much larger, so can be assumed to be the
same as, the radius of the planet it orbits around.
a. The period of a low orbit satellite orbiting near the surface of Jupiter is about 10500 s. If the free fall acceleration on the surface is 25 m/s?, what is the radius of Jupiter (the
orbital radius)? b. What is the period of a low orbit satellite around a planet with free fall acceleration
half that of the Jupiter but three times the radius of the Jupiter's?
The period of a low orbit satellite around a planet with free fall acceleration half that of Jupiter but three times the radius of the Jupiter's is 4736.17 s.
a. The period of a low orbit satellite orbiting near the surface of Jupiter is about 10500 s. If the free fall acceleration on the surface is 25 m/s², what is the radius of Jupiter (the orbital radius)?Given,Period of the low orbit satellite, T = 10500 sAcceleration due to gravity on Jupiter, g = 25 m/s²Let the radius of Jupiter be r.Then, the height of the satellite above Jupiter's surface = r.T = 2π√(r/g)10500 = 2π√(r/25)10500/2π = √(r/25)r/25 = (10500/2π)²r = 753850.32 mTherefore, the radius of Jupiter is 753850.32 m.
b. The acceleration due to gravity on this planet is half of that of Jupiter. So, g = 12.5 m/s²The radius of the planet is three times the radius of Jupiter. Let R be the radius of this planet. Then, R = 3r.Height of the satellite from the surface of the planet = R - r.T' = 2π√((R - r)/g)T' = 2π√(((3r) - r)/(12.5))T' = 2π√(2r/12.5)T' = 2π√(8r/50)T' = 2π√(4r/25)T' = (2π/5)√rT' = (2π/5)√(753850.32)T' = 4736.17 sTherefore, the period of a low orbit satellite around a planet with free fall acceleration half that of Jupiter but three times the radius of the Jupiter's is 4736.17 s.
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A spacecraft zooms past the Earth with a constant velocity. An observer on the Earth measures that an undamaged clock on the spacecraft is ticking at one-third the rate of an identical clock on the Earth. What does an observer on the spacecraft measure about the Earth-based clock's ticking rate? (a) It runs more than three times faster than his own clock. (b) It runs three times faster than his own. (c) It runs at the same rate as his own. (d) It runs at one-third the rate of his own. (e) It runs at less than one-third the rate of his own.
Since the spacecraft is moving with a constant velocity, the observer on the spacecraft would measure the Earth-based clock's ticking rate to be slower than their own clock. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) It runs at one-third the rate of his own.
An observer on the spacecraft measures that an undamaged clock on the spacecraft is ticking at one-third the rate of an identical clock on the Earth. This means that time appears to be passing more slowly on the spacecraft compared to the Earth.
From the perspective of an observer on the spacecraft, the Earth-based clock would appear to be running slower than their own clock. This is because time dilation occurs when an object is moving at a high velocity relative to another object. The faster an object moves, the slower time appears to pass for that object.
Since the spacecraft is moving with a constant velocity, the observer on the spacecraft would measure the Earth-based clock's ticking rate to be slower than their own clock. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) It runs at one-third the rate of his own.
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