R-134a is the working fluid in a refrigerator, with a
minimum temperature of −10∘C and a maximum pressure of 1 MPa.
Assume an ideal refrigeration cycle. Find the QC, QH, and the COP.
(Hint: see ap

True. The tendency of a member to buckle is usually measured by its effective slenderness ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the unsupported length of the member to its least radius of gyration.

The effective slenderness ratio is an important parameter that helps engineers design safe and stable structures. A member is considered slender if it has a high effective slenderness ratio,

which means that it is susceptible to buckling under compression loads.

Therefore, it is important to calculate the effective slenderness ratio of members and take it into consideration in the design process to ensure the stability and safety of the structure.

To know more about buckle visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30281610

#SPJ11

Imperialism is defined as the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. From this definition, it is clear that Imperialism is concerned with the expansion of power and influence beyond one's national borders.

To determine whether or not the United States today is an Imperialist country, it is essential to assess its current actions. there are examples of countries that can be considered Imperialist, such as China and Russia. Both countries have been expanding their influence in different regions through economic and military means. For example, China has been investing heavily in Africa to secure its natural resources and establish economic ties.

Russia has been involved in the annexation of Crimea and supporting separatist movements in Ukraine. These actions are aimed at expanding their influence and acquiring new territories. To sum up, the United States today cannot be considered an Imperialist country as it does not seek to acquire new territories or establish colonies.

The United States has been involved in promoting democracy and protecting human rights around the world through diplomatic efforts and military interventions. Other countries like China and Russia, however, can be considered Imperialist as they are expanding their influence in different regions through economic and military means.

To know more about Imperialism visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/30210572

#SPJ11

The term "projection" in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) refers to the method of representing the surface of the Earth on a flat map, which involves the transformation of coordinates from one system to another. For example, projecting raster datasets from GCS_WGS_1984 to WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_30N is an important aspect of GIS analysis.

As it helps to accurately map and analyze geographic data. Here are the steps to change the projection of raster dataset from GCS_WGS_1984 to WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_30N in ArcMap, Arc GIS:

Step 1: Open ArcMap or ArcGIS Pro and add the raster dataset that you want to project.

Step 2: Right-click the raster layer and select "Properties" from the context menu. In the "Layer Properties" dialog box, select the "Source" tab.

Step 3: In the "Coordinate System" group, click the "Edit" button to access the "Spatial Reference Properties" dialog box.

Step 4: Select the "Select..." button next to the "Coordinate System" text box and navigate to the desired projection. In this case, select "Geographic Coordinate Systems" > "World" > "WGS 1984 UTM Zone 30N".

Step 5: Click "OK" to close the "Spatial Reference Properties" dialog box and "OK" again to close the "Layer Properties" dialog box. The raster dataset will now be projected to the new coordinate system. Save the changes if necessary, and export the raster dataset in the new projection.

To know more about analysis visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32375844

#SPJ11

Life cycle assessment is an assessment that estimates the environmental impact of a product, process, or service. LCA considers the impact of a product, process, or service over its entire life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, processing, manufacturing, use, and disposal.

In conducting a life cycle assessment of the Bullitt Center, the assessment would consider the environmental impact of the building over its entire life cycle. The assessment would begin with the extraction of raw materials used in the construction of the building. This would include the extraction of metals, such as steel, copper, and aluminum, used in the building's structure. The assessment would also consider the energy used in the manufacturing of building materials and the transportation of those materials to the construction site. The assessment would then move on to the construction phase of the building's life cycle. The assessment would consider the energy used in the construction of the building, including the energy used in the operation of construction equipment and the energy used in the transportation of construction workers to the site.

This phase would include the energy used in the demolition of the building, as well as the energy used in the disposal of construction waste and building materials. The Bullitt Center is an example of a building that has been designed with energy efficiency in mind. The building's net-zero energy design means that it generates as much energy as it consumes over the course of a year. This design has significant environmental benefits, including a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and a reduction in the use of non-renewable energy sources.

To know more about   raw materials visit:

brainly.com/question/30506076

#SPJ11

(i) Thiessen polygon method is a technique used to estimate the average rainfall over an area that includes a network of rainfall gauges. The area is divided into polygons with each gauge representing a polygon.

the total area of the catchment,[tex]A = AB + BC + CD + DE + EA[/tex]

= [tex](200 x 300) + (200 x 200) + (400 x 300) + (200 x 300) + (300 x 300)[/tex]

= [tex]60,000 + 40,000 + 1,20,000 + 60,000 + 90,000= 3,70,000 m²[/tex]

[tex][(10 x 200 x 300) + (47.5 x 200 x 200) + (40 x 400 x 300) + (60 x 200 x 300) + (30 x 300 x 300)] / (3,70,000)[/tex]

Rainfall (Thiessen Polygon Method) = 34.88 mm (approx)

(ii) Arithmetic average method The Arithmetic average method is another method to estimate the average rainfall over an area, which is the sum of all the gauge readings divided by the number of gauges. This method is simpler than the Thiessen polygon method, but it does not take into account the variations in topography.

we see that the average rainfall over the catchment area using the Arithmetic average method is:

Rainfall (Arithmetic Average Method) =[tex](10 + 47.5 + 40 + 60 + 30) / 5[/tex]

Rainfall (Arithmetic Average Method) =[tex]37.5 mm[/tex]

(iii) The Thiessen polygon method is more suitable for the given catchment area with highly uneven topography because it takes into account the variations in topography by dividing the area into polygons that are closer to the gauges, whereas the Arithmetic average method does not consider topographic variations in the catchment area and is less appropriate for such an area.

To know more about Thiessen polygon visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/31416570

#SPJ11

A. Calculate the required spacing of 110 mm diameter lateral ties:

1. Calculate the area of longitudinal reinforcement:

Area of one 22-mm diameter bar (A_longitudinal) = π * (22 mm)^2 / 4

Total area of longitudinal bars (A_total) = A_longitudinal * number of bars

2. Calculate the effective concrete area:

Effective concrete area (A_concrete) = (350 mm - 2 * cover) * (350 mm - 2 * cover).

3. Calculate the maximum allowable longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρ_max):

ρ_max = 0.02 * √(fc'/fy).

4. Calculate the maximum allowable spacing of lateral ties (s_max):

s_max = 16 * (110 mm) * √(fc'/fy).

5. Calculate the required spacing of lateral ties (s_required):

s_required = max(s_max, (A_total / (ρ_max * A_concrete))) * reduction factor.

Learn more about reduction factor here:

brainly.com/question/2269629

#SPJ4

The soluble (filtered) BOD in the effluent in mg/l assuming the indirect recirculation ratio is 0.5 can be calculated as follows: Solution: Given: Depth of the filter (h) = 81 ft.

Diameter of the filter (d) = 78 ftArea of the filter (A) = πd² / 4 = 4743.84 ft²Hydraulic loading of primary effluent (qo) = 0.606 gpm/ft²Soluble BOD in primary effluent (So) = 238 mg/L Temperature of wastewater

= 16 °C Coefficients for the plastic media         :[tex]n = 0.45k20 = 0.0038 (gpm/ft³) 05As = 36 ft/ft³[/tex]

Recirculation ratio (R) = 0.5From the formula ;   So - Sf / So = exp(-kf x V / qo)where;           kf = filter coefficient (gpm/ft³) 05V = volume of filter media = Ah = 4743.84 x 81 = 383967.04

Let's calculate the value of Sf using the given data and the formula;

So - Sf / So = exp(-kf x V / qo)0.5 = exp(-1.1503 x 383967.04 / qo)So - Sf / So = 0.606 / 24.4 = 0.024836Sf / So = 0.975164Sf = 0.975164 x 238 = 232.14 mg/L

To know more about assuming visit:

https://brainly.com/question/17168459

#SPJ11

Geographical Information System (GIS) technology has been used to handle complicated spatial analysis and assist decision-making processes in different organizations.

The technology has been embraced by numerous organizations since it can provide a wide range of benefits to the organizations. The following are some of the benefits that organizations get from using GIS technology to handle complex spatial analysis and assist decision-making.

Cost reduction In different organizations, GIS is used to analyze, store, and process different data types from various sources. With GIS technology, organizations can use the available data to monitor their resources effectively.

TO know more about technology visit:

https://brainly.com/question/9171028

#SPJ11

The footing system of a building is the system that is used to anchor the structure to the ground by transferring the weight of the building and its contents to the foundation.

The footing system is designed to withstand the weight of the structure and its contents while also providing stability against the forces of nature. The footing system will depend on the type of soil, the size of the building, and the design of the structure.
For the given scenario, details of the foundation of the building may be difficult to find. In this case, a recommendation for the footing system can be provided. The most common types of footing systems are:

1. Strip Footings - This type of footing system is used when the soil has a good bearing capacity.
2. Pad Footings - This type of footing system is used when the load from the building is spread over a larger area.
3. Raft Footings - This type of footing system is used when the soil is soft and has a low bearing capacity.

To know more about  structure visit:

brainly.com/question/33100618

#SPJ11

As final year engineering students, we have been requested to provide structural consulting services to assist with understanding the commercial viability of constructing this 19 story residential development in Redcliffe Beach, Brisbane.

Basis of Design Report: The Basis of Design Report is to be prepared for the 19 story residential development in Redcliffe Beach, Brisbane. The report should clearly mention the following points in detail:

1. Overview of the Building: The report should provide a detailed overview of the building, the location, and the scope of the project.
2. Design Parameters:The design parameters should be clearly mentioned. It includes the load conditions, material specifications, the strength and stability requirements of the building, the performance criteria, and the environmental loads.
3. Structural Systems: The structural systems that are to be used in the building should be clearly mentioned. The loads on the structure should be calculated and the design of the structural system should be made accordingly.

Geotechnical Engineering Brief: The Geotechnical Engineering Brief is to be prepared for the site investigation works for the purpose of preliminary foundation design. The brief should mention the following points in detail:

1. Location:The location of the site and the surrounding areas should be clearly mentioned.
2. Soil Conditions: The soil conditions should be investigated, which includes the soil type, soil strength, soil density, and the soil profile.
3. Groundwater: The groundwater conditions should be investigated. It includes the depth of the groundwater table, and the rate of flow of the groundwater.

the Basis of Design Report and the Geotechnical Engineering Brief are essential documents required for the structural performance requirements and preliminary foundation design of a 19-story residential building in Redcliffe Beach, Brisbane.

To know more about Geotechnical Engineering visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/30938111

#SPJ11

In a proportional position control system with all resistors set to 10K, the natural frequency of the closed-loop system can be determined. The answer should be provided in both Hertz and rad/sec.

To calculate the natural frequency of the closed-loop system in a proportional position control, we need to consider the components and their values in the given system schematic. However, the provided information is incomplete and lacks specific details about the system's parameters, such as the values of the capacitor (C), the gain (Kp), and the moment of inertia (J). Without these values, it is not possible to determine the natural frequency accurately.

The natural frequency of a closed-loop system is influenced by the system's characteristics, such as the components, their values, and the overall control architecture. It is typically determined using the transfer function or state-space representation of the system. These mathematical models require more information about the system, including the specific values of the components and their connections.

Therefore, without additional details or values for the system parameters, it is not possible to calculate the natural frequency of the closed-loop system in this case.

Learn more about  closed-loop system here:

https://brainly.com/question/30467763

#SPJ11

A good irrigation scheme should be designed in such a way that it efficiently delivers water to the crops without causing any harm to the crops. There are several characteristics of a good irrigation scheme in terms of irrigation engineering. The characteristics are discussed below:

1. Adequate Water Supply: One of the most important characteristics of a good irrigation scheme is adequate water supply. The irrigation system should be designed in such a way that it is able to supply enough water to the crops during the growing season.

2. Uniformity of Water Distribution: Another important characteristic of a good irrigation scheme is uniformity of water distribution. The irrigation system should be designed in such a way that water is distributed uniformly to all parts of the field.

3. Water Conservation: A good irrigation scheme should also be designed in such a way that it conserves water. This can be achieved through the use of efficient irrigation methods such as drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation.

4. Control of Waterlogging and Soil Erosion: The irrigation system should also be designed in such a way that it prevents waterlogging and soil erosion. This can be achieved through the use of appropriate irrigation techniques and land management practices.

5. Flexibility: A good irrigation scheme should also be flexible enough to accommodate changes in crop patterns, irrigation methods, and weather patterns.

6. Durability: The irrigation system should be durable and able to withstand the test of time. It should be designed using quality materials and constructed by skilled professionals.

To know more about irrigation visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30090075

#SPJ11

a) Determine the minimum width of the footing to prevent uplift.A 300 mm thick concrete wall is supported by a 330 mm thick footing. The footing's allowable soil bearing pressure is 192 kPa. The concrete strength fc' is 27.5 MPa, and the steel yield strength fy is 415 MPa. Assume a footing length of 1m.(i) Moment = 184 kN-m(ii) Total vertical load = 349 KN(iii) Width of footing =

Assume that the force is acting at a distance of d = 150 mm from the bottom of the footing, then the soil pressure under the footing isuniform. The force P acting on the soil per unit width is given as:P = (Total vertical load + 0.5 × Width of the footing × Wall load)/Width of the footing = (349 + 0.5 × W × 1.2 × 27.5)/W where 1.2 = Wall density in kN/m³Total resisting moment acting on the footing,M = Width of the footing × [0.5Pd + (fyAs/2)(1 - d'/h')]where d' = (d - a/2)/a, h' = (h - a/2)/a, and a is the distance from the extreme compression fiber to the neutral axis.

If the tensile steel is ignored, the moment is balanced by the resisting moment given as:M = (B - a/2)(192 × 1) + (As × fy/2)(h - d)/1000Then,(B - a/2)(192 × 1) + (As × 415/2)(300 - 150)/10^6 = 184 × 10^6/1000Width of footing,B = 0.704 mThus, the minimum width of footing to prevent uplift is 0.704 m.b) Determine the minimum width of the footing to prevent uplift.

If the footing is subjected to a resisting moment of 489 kN-m, overturning moment of 319 kN-m, and total vertical load of 324 kN, nd the minimum width (m) f of the footing to prevent uplift.

To know more about vertical visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30105258

#SPJ11

Critical Path Method (CPM) is an effective project management tool utilized to schedule and manage complex projects with multiple tasks.

It aids project managers in identifying the most crucial tasks and calculating the time it takes to finish the entire project. The steps involved in the CPM are: Identify all the tasks involved in the project and the duration of each task.


Determine the critical path, which is the longest path through the network and identifies the minimum time required.
Determination and Sketching of the Scheduling Flexibility using Critical Path Method for the Rehabilitation project:
The critical path for the rehabilitation project of XYZ construction company is shown below:

TO know more about Critical visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31835674

#SPJ11

A channel that is V-shaped is also called a triangular channel. When we say a channel is V-shaped, we are referring to a channel with inclined sides that meet at a point.  

The critical depth is the depth of flow at which the specific energy of the flow is the minimum for a given discharge and channel shape. For a V-shaped channel, the critical depth is given by:

[tex]$$y_c=\frac{Q^2}{g\left(2b\right)^{2/3}\sin^2(\theta)}$$.[/tex]

Where yc is the critical depth, Q is the water discharge, g is the acceleration due to gravity, b is the bottom width of the channel, and θ is the angle of inclination of the sides of the channel to the horizontal.  

To know more about inclined visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29360090

#SPJ11

The resulting reaction force at point B is equal to the normal force at point A, which is 120 N.

To determine the necessary value of the spring constant (k) and the resulting reactions at point B, we can analyze the equilibrium of forces acting on the lever ABC.

Let's consider the forces acting on the lever:

Normal Force at A:

The normal force at A is given as 120 N, acting perpendicular to the smooth surface.

Tension Force in Spring CD:

The spring CD will exert a tension force on point B of the lever. This force will be directed along the line of the spring, towards point C.

Reaction Force at B:

The reaction force at B will counterbalance the normal force at A and the tension force in the spring CD.

Since the system is in equilibrium, the sum of the forces in both the vertical and horizontal directions must be zero.

Vertical Equilibrium:

Summing the vertical forces, we have:

Reaction Force at B + Normal Force at A = 0

Reaction Force at B = Normal Force at A

Reaction Force at B = 120 N

Horizontal Equilibrium:

Since there are no horizontal forces mentioned in the problem, we can assume that the lever is in equilibrium in the horizontal direction.

Now, let's determine the necessary value of the spring constant (k):

The tension force in the spring CD can be calculated using Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its displacement from the equilibrium position.

The unstretched length of the spring CD is given as 350 mm. Let's assume that the spring is stretched by a distance x.

The displacement of the spring from its unstretched position is given by:

x = 350 mm - 0 mm (assuming no stretching initially)

x = 350 mm = 0.35 m

Using Hooke's Law:

Tension Force in Spring CD = k * x

Since the spring exerts a tension force towards point C, we can write:

Tension Force in Spring CD = -k * x

Substituting the given values, we have:

120 N = -k * 0.35 m

To find the necessary value of the spring constant (k), we can solve for k:

k = -120 N / 0.35 m

k ≈ -342.86 N/m

The necessary value of the spring constant to exert a 120 N normal force at point A is approximately 342.86 N/m.

Learn more about spring constant here:

https://brainly.com/question/29975736

#SPJ11

To exert a 120-N normal force on a smooth surface, the necessary spring constant is 342.9 N/m and the resulting reactions at point B are also 120 N.

The necessary value of the spring constant k can be determined using Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position. In this case, the force exerted by the lever ABC is the normal force, which is equal to the weight of the object. So, the normal force N is equal to 120 N. To find the spring constant, we can use the equation F = kx, where F is the force, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement of the spring. Since Ax is given as 350 mm, or 0.35 m, we can substitute the values into the equation to find the spring constant: 120 N = k * 0.35 m. Solving for k, we get k = 120 N / 0.35 m = 342.9 N/m.

The resulting reactions at point B can be determined using Newton's third law, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Since the lever ABC exerts a downward force at point A, point B exerts an equal and opposite upward force. So, the reaction at point B is also 120 N.

https://brainly.com/question/31962216

#SPJ2

Given:Length of the column,[tex]L = 8000mm = 8mFactored ultimate axial load, N* = 240 k[/tex]NFactored moment about x-axis, Mx = 40 kN-mUC column used, Grade 350Case:Column is pinned at both ends.

Bending moment at the base is zero.The aim is to check the suitability of a 200 UC 52.2 to carry this combined ultimate axial and bending load. The member is not laterally restrained along its length.To solve this, we need to find out the buckling capacity and the bending capacity of the given member.

Step 1: Buckling CapacityThe effective length of the column can be calculated as:Effective length of the column,[tex]L = 0.7 x 8000 = 5600 mm = 5.6m[/tex]This length is less than the actual length. Hence, there is no need to reduce the buckling capacity of the column.

To know more about visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32060888

#SPJ11

The weight of the section is an important consideration while designing the structural steel sections. The problem requires finding the lightest W section for the given service loads (PD =150 kips, P = 180 kips, KL = 8 ft) using A36 steel with Fy = 36 ksi considering flexural type buckling.

It is required to calculate the effective length (Kl/r) for a single segment of the beam to calculate the flexural buckling stress factor,.[tex]$$\frac{Kl}{r} = \sqrt{\frac{E}{F_y}}\ = \sqrt{\frac{29000}{36}}\ \sqrt{\frac{12}{8}} = 17.89$$[/tex]The flexural buckling stress factor, Fe for W-section is given by Section E4 of AISC Manual as;[tex]$$F_e = \frac{0.658^\frac{F_y}{F_{e,b}}}{\sqrt{Kl/r}}$$[/tex]

Here,$F_{e,b}$ is the flexural buckling stress for the given steel section and can be calculated using Equation (E4-1) of the AISC Manual;[tex]$$F_{e,b} = \frac{\pi^2 E}{(KL/r)^2} = \frac{\pi^2 \times 29000}{(8/17.89)^2} = 938.38\ kips/in^2$$[/tex]Now, substituting the values in Equation (E4-2) of AISC Manual for calculating Fe;[tex]$$F_e = \frac{0.658^{36/938.38}}{\sqrt{17.89}} = 0.8698\ kips/in^2$$[/tex]

The W-section with the minimum moment of inertia that satisfies the service loads, PD =150 kips, P = 180 kips, and KL = 8 ft can be found by trial and error. The smallest size that works is W14x193. The bending moment at the mid-span of the simply supported beam can be calculated using the formula;[tex]$$M = \frac{PL}{4} + \frac{P_D L}{8} = \frac{180 \times 8}{4} + \frac{150 \times 8}{8} = 480\ kips-ft$$[/tex]

The maximum bending stress, fmax, in the W14x193 section can be calculated using the equation;[tex]$$f_{max} = \frac{F_e \times \pi^2 \times E}{(KL/r)^2}\ \sqrt{\frac{I_{min}}{S_{xc}}}\ = 0.8698 \times \frac{\pi^2 \times 29000}{(8/17.89)^2}\ \sqrt{\frac{1870}{8.38}} = 7.31\ ksi$$[/tex]

Therefore, the lightest W section that satisfies the given service loads and flexural buckling criterion is [tex]W14x193[/tex].

To know more about flexural buckling visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/30281610

#SPJ11

Quantifying randomness in Engineering Risk and Reliability can be done through the following steps:1. Random variable selection: The first step in quantifying randomness is identifying the uncertain parameters that are relevant to the problem and then modeling them as random variables.2. Probability distribution determination:

The second step is to assign the appropriate probability distribution to each random variable identified in the previous step.3. Monte Carlo simulation: A Monte Carlo simulation can be used to produce a large number of samples of the random variables with the assigned probability distributions.

This step is essential for determining the statistical moments and probability density functions of the random variables.4. Statistical analysis: The next step is to perform a statistical analysis on the results of the Monte Carlo simulation to determine the mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of the random variables.

5. Sensitivity analysis: The final step in quantifying randomness is performing a sensitivity analysis to determine the impact of the random variables on the system response. The sensitivity analysis can identify which of the random variables has the most significant effect on the system response and can help to determine if further refinement of the random variable models is necessary.

To know more about Probability visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31828911

#SPJ11

The law of damages in negligence encompass the court-ordered compensation with respect to the personal injury, property damage which is as a result of negligence of another person.

Court-ordered compensation for physical harm, property damage, and related costs brought on by another party's negligence is known as damages for negligence.

In the context of law, "damages" refers to the financial compensation to which a person is entitled when another party violates their rights or causes them harm.

The four distinct elements are;

Learn more about damages  at;

https://brainly.com/question/4395083

#SPJ4

A work breakdown structure (WBS) is an efficient tool for breaking down large projects into smaller, more manageable parts that include the project's deliverables or outcomes that will complete the project.

Work breakdown structures help to visualize the project's scope, making it easier to plan, assign responsibilities to the project team, identify project  and control points, estimate the time and cost of the project, allocate resources, and set clear timelines for the project.To better understand how the work breakdown structure functions, a project will be chosen from everyday life that involves more than 100 components. The project of creating a new small-scale bakery with an emphasis on vegan and gluten-free products will be used in this instance.

The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) of the project is shown below: WBS ID: 1.0WBS Name: Plan, design, and research1.1 Develop business plan and strategy1.2 Conduct market research1.3 Find a suitable location for the bakery1.4 Design the interior layout of the bakeryWBS ID: 2.0WBS Name: Bakery Space Renovation2.1 Acquire building permits2.2 Develop renovation plan2.3 Renovate the spaceWBS ID: 3.0WBS Name: Purchase and Install Equipment3.1 Choose equipment and tools3.2 Purchase equipment and tools3.3 Install the equipment WBS .

To know more about research visit:

https://brainly.com/question/24174276

#SPJ11

A) TR is the total revenue of the company while MR is the marginal revenue of the company. It can be calculated as shown below:  Price Quantity TR(Q) MR(Q)
580 50 29000
70 60 42000 1300
60 70 42000 0
50 80 40000 -2000
40 90 36000 -4000
30 100 30000 -6000
20 110 22000 -8000
10 120 12000 -10000

- Total Revenue (TR) = Price * Quantity
- Marginal Revenue (MR) = ∆TR / ∆Q

B) If there were many suppliers in the market, then the competitive price and quantity would be such that the market is in equilibrium. This means that the price will be equal to the marginal cost of production of the suppliers. The quantity supplied will be the sum of the quantities supplied by all the suppliers in the market.

C) If the industry is a monopoly, then there will be only one supplier in the market. The supplier will produce at the level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The price and quantity supplied will be such that the supplier can maximize its profit.

D) If the two companies decide to break the law and collude, then they will act as a monopoly. They will agree to produce at a certain level and charge a certain price. The level of supply and price of supply will be the same as in the case of a monopoly. Each company will get an equal share of the profit.

E) If one firm decides to cheat on the other company by supplying 10 additional quantities, then it will be able to capture a larger market share. However, this will lead to a price war, as the other company will also increase its supply to maintain its market share. This will lead to a fall in the price and profit for both the companies.

To know more about  calculated visit:

brainly.com/question/30781060

#SPJ11

a) Cost per square foot for a 21,000 SF Low-Rise apartment building The cost per square foot of a 21,000 SF Low-Rise apartment building can be determined as follows:

The total cost of constructing the apartment building is $3,800,000. Divide the total cost of construction by the total square footage of the building:$3,800,000 / 21,000 SF = $180.95/SF Therefore, the cost per square foot for a 21,000 SF Low-Rise apartment building is $180.95.  b) Cost per S.F. for a 10,500 S.F. Low-Rise apartment building in New Britain, CT in 2008.

The cost per square foot of a 10,500 S.F. Low-Rise apartment building in New Britain, CT in 2008 can be determined as follows: The total cost of constructing the apartment building is $1,470,000. Divide the total cost of construction by the total square footage of the building:$1,470,000 / 10,500 SF = $140.00/SF Therefore, the cost per square foot for a 10,500 S.F. Low-Rise apartment building in New Britain, CT in 2008 is $140.00.7.

To know more about Cost per square visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29134106

#SPJ11

Given, Income in each of the last 2 years =200 million Deductions in first year 100 million Deductions in second year  80 million Effective tax rate  50%We need to calculate the difference in income taxes paid by the company in those 2 years.

Since effective tax rate is given, income tax paid can be calculated as follows; Income tax paid = Effective tax rate × Income Therefore, income tax paid in each of the last 2 years = 0.5 × 200 million= $100 million Income tax paid in the year.

o million deductions = 0.5 × (200 million - 100 million) = 0.5 × 100 million = 50 million Income tax paid in the year of 80 million deductions = 0.5 × (200 million - 80 million) = 0.5 × 120 million = 60 million Difference. in income taxes paid by the company.

TO know more about each visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29093625

#SPJ11

In a community, the given information is as follows: 15 microorganisms-related illnesses per million chicken consumed, 480 deaths per million illnesses, 12 billion chickens consumed per year, the average cost of the illness is $210 per case.

To calculate mortality and economic risks caused by microorganisms related illnesses due to chicken consumption, we need to use the following formulas.

Mortality risk = number of deaths per illness x number of illnesses per chicken consumed x number of chickens consumed per year

Economic risk = number of illnesses per chicken consumed x cost per case x number of chickens consumed per year Number of illnesses per chicken consumed = 15/1,000,000= 0.000015

Mortality risk = [tex]480/1,000,000 x 0.000015 x 12,000,000,000= 0.0864 or 8.64%[/tex]

Therefore, mortality risk caused by microorganisms related illnesses due to chicken consumption is 8.64%.Number of deaths per illness x number of illnesses per chicken consumed =[tex]480/1,000,000 x 0.000015 = 0.0000072[/tex]

Expected losses per case = [tex]0.0000072 x $210= $0.0015[/tex]

Expected losses per chicken consumed = [tex]0.000015 x $210= $0.00315[/tex]

Economic risk = [tex]0.000015 x $210 x 12,000,000,000= $4,410,000[/tex]

Economic risk caused by microorganisms related illnesses due to chicken consumption is [tex]$4,410,000.[/tex]

To know more about microorganisms visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/18861725

#SPJ11

a)There are two types of flow that occur in the given channel at constant discharge, which are described below: Super critical flow: When the flow rate in a channel is higher than the critical value, it is known as supercritical flow. In this type of flow, the water surface is above the critical depth level, and the flow velocity is higher than the velocity of shallow water. Subcritical flow:

If the flow rate in a channel is lower than the critical value, it is known as subcritical flow. In this type of flow, the water surface is below the critical depth level, and the flow velocity is less than the velocity of shallow water.When the specific energy is minimum, the flow condition is known as the critical flow condition.

At this point, the Froude number becomes 1, and the flow rate is equal to the critical flow rate. The channel's specific energy decreases with an increase in flow velocity. When the specific energy reaches its minimum value, it indicates that the flow is critical.b)

Given,Width of rectangular channel (B) = 25 m Slope (S) = 1/1200Depth of flow (y) = 0.99Normal depth (y_n) is given by the equation: y_n = 1.49[(Q²/B³S)^(1/3)]This gives the value of normal depth: y_n = 1.49[(20²/25³(1/1200))^(1/3)] = 0.778 mWe have to find out the distance from the outlet where the depth of flow is equal to 0.99 times the normal depth (y_n).Divide the flow into four equal depth steps, each of size:

To know more about critical visit:

https://brainly.com/question/15091786

#SPJ11

The contractor should charge $34.33 per hour to recover her costs. However, the contractor would add a profit margin to this operating cost to obtain the final charge per hour.

To calculate the charge per hour for the use of the loader to recover the contractor's costs, we need to find the total operating cost of the loader per hour. We can then add the profit margin to the operating cost to obtain the charge per hour to be levied.  Steps to calculate the operating cost per hour are as follows:Step 1: Calculate the tire replacement cost per hour. Since tires have to be replaced after 4,500 hours, the tire cost per hour would be:$6,000 ÷ 4,500 hours = $1.33 per hour.Step 2: Calculate the cost of major repairs per hour. Since major repairs are needed every 6,000 hours, the cost of major repairs per hour would be:$5,000 ÷ 6,000 hours = $0.83 per hour.Step 3: Calculate the depreciation cost per hour. The depreciation cost per hour would be:$130,000 - $10,000 ÷ 15,000 hours = $7.33 per hour.Step 4: Calculate the cost of fuel, oil, and minor maintenance per hour. Since fuel, oil, and minor maintenance cost $19.75 per hour, this value is already known.Step 5: Calculate the cost of capital (interest), insurance, and taxes per hour. Since these costs amount to 16% of the total cost of the loader, this value can be obtained as follows:16% of ($1.33 + $0.83 + $7.33 + $19.75) = $5.09 per hour.Step 6: Add all the costs per hour to obtain the total operating cost per hour. This can be done as follows:$1.33 + $0.83 + $7.33 + $19.75 + $5.09 = $34.33 per hour.

Learn more about contractor here :-

https://brainly.com/question/31457618

#SPJ11

The complete removal of a dam that has accumulated sediment for over 100 years can have a significant impact on downstream river channel dynamics.

Sediment buildup can alter the morphology of the river channel, resulting in a range of negative effects such as flooding, reduced water quality, and harm to aquatic life. Removing a dam would lead to the erosion of sediment accumulated over the years, increasing the downstream sediment loads.

The higher sediment loads can result in the formation of new bars and islands, reducing the channel's cross-sectional area. The removal of the dam can also cause a significant change in the flow regime of the river channel, which can affect sediment transport, channel geometry, and hydrological processes such as the flow of water from the river to the ocean.

The release of the sediment can cause a substantial increase in the amount of sand, gravel, and cobbles in the river, which can increase channel roughness. Consequently, the channel slope could increase, resulting in an increase in velocity and shear stress.

The shear stress could result in increased erosion, scour, and channel widening. Increased sediment transport can also lead to the deposition of sediment in the downstream river delta. the removal of a dam can significantly alter downstream river channel dynamics.

To know more about downstream visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/14158346

#SPJ11

Backup and recovery are essential in every database system, and their importance cannot be overstated. Database loss can result in a severe consequence, leading to upset customers, lost revenue, and potentially bankruptcy.

Organisations invest heavily in backup and recovery systems for their respective database systems.The following are five advantages of backup and recovery of a database system:

In summary, the advantages of backup and recovery of a database system are minimizing downtime, consistency of the database, long-term security, helps with system errors, and it is easy to recover data. Therefore, it is essential to invest in a reliable backup and recovery system.

To learn more about Backup and recovery, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31661492

#SPJ11

Fall Protection Plan Assumptions A fall protection plan is a work plan that outlines how to protect employees from falling off elevated work surfaces, roofs, or structures. When creating a fall protection plan for laborers working on a roof deck.

- The roof deck is equipped with a temporary guardrail system. Fall Protection Measures for Workers working on a Roof Deck Here are some of the safety measures that can be included in the fall protection plan to ensure the safety of the workers on the roof deck:

1. Implement a comprehensive fall protection program, including the development of policies, procedures, and training programs.2. Provide proper PPE to workers, including harnesses, lanyards, and hard hats.3. Ensure that all workers have undergone safety training and are aware of fall protection measures.4. Erect a temporary guardrail system to secure the perimeter of the open area.

The guardrail system must meet the safety standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).5. Use warning lines, safety nets, or personal fall arrest systems as additional fall protection measures.6. Create a safety monitoring system, which involves assigning a competent person to observe the workers while they work on the roof deck and alert them to any potential fall hazards.

7. Establish rescue procedures in case a worker falls. Develop a rescue plan and ensure that all workers know how to use the equipment to rescue someone who has fallen off the roof deck.

To know more about  laborers working visit:

brainly.com/question/31443349

#SPJ